12月大学英语四六级真题分析详解PPT课件

大学英语四级考试COLLEGE ENGLISH TEST–Band Four–(2022.12-03)Part I Writing(30minutes) Directions:In this task,you are to write an essay on the necessity of developing social skills for college students. You will have30minutes for the task.You should write at least120words but no more than180words.Part II Listening Comprehension(25minutes)说明：每次全国四级考试一般只考两套听力，第三套为重复题目，只是选项顺序不同，故不再重复。

Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Researchers,writing in the journal Heart,pooled data from23studies and found that social isolation or feelings of loneliness were tied to an increased risk for coronary heart disease(冠心病)and strokes.The studies included data from181,006men and women18and older.There were4,628coronary events and 3,002strokes in follow-up periods26from three to21years.Three of the papers27loneliness,18 looked at social isolation and two included both.Social isolation and loneliness were determined withquestionnaires;the researchers depended on medical records and death28for determining coronary events and strokes.The scientists found that loneliness and social isolation increased the29risk of having a heart attack or a death from heart disease by29percent,and the risk of stroke by32percent.There were no30between men and women.“People have tended to focus from a policy point of view on31lonely people to make them more 32,”said the lead author,Nicole K.Valtorta,a research fellow at the University of York in England.“Our study 33that if this is a risk factor,then we should be trying to prevent the risk factor in the first place.”The authors34that this was a review of observational studies and did not35cause and effect.A)acknowledgeB)certificatesC)connectedD)demonstratesE)differences F)establishG)formatsH)measuredI)narrowJ)permanentK)producesL)rangingM)relativeN)submittingO)targetingSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.The hidden costs colleges don't want you to know aboutA)This fall,thousands of college students from across the country will begin their undergraduate studies atcolleges around the nation.They will inevitably pack too much to fit in their tiny dorm rooms.They will also carry with them a huge student loan debt,in addition to countless“hidden”out-of-pocket costs paid for by their bank accounts and the bank accounts of their families.B)At my well-respected,private,four-year university in Washington,D.C.,which boasts a yearly tuition of$44,046not including room and board,I receive over$57,000yearly in financial aid.As a student from a family that is struggling to make ends meet,my financial aid package is a combination of federal grants andfederal work study,university merit scholarships and financial aid awards,and about$8,000yearly in federally subsidized(有补贴的)and unsubsidized loans.On paper,my expenses and my financial aid just about even out.Off-paper,they don’t.C)Universities today are in the business of making money,and mine is no exception.They hit me right out of gatewith a$160fee to attend my freshman orientation,a price which does not include the cost of travel to and from the District.Almost every class has an associated fee not included in the cost of tuition,most between$40and $100.Fees for lab science classes are the highest,and all students at my university are required to take at least one lab before they graduate.Buying a laptop proved a necessity and,thankfully,a relative bought me one as a gift.Renting a mini-fridge for my dorm room costs my roommates and me about$140a year.D)Schools will charge you whatever they can.The costs of any damage to the dorm,including elevators,bathrooms,and common areas,are billed to every person on a dorm floor,or even the entire building if they do not know who caused the damage.After I fell out of my bed twice during my freshman year,the university installed a railing–for$20,billed to my student account.My financial aid did not anticipate any of these costs, and so it did not cover them.E)An Internet search of“hidden costs”of college turns up a host of articles on parent-centered websites on thecollege application process.These articles are almost always geared towards upper-and middle-class families.For students already struggling to pay tuition,these costs may be the least of their worries.F)So what hidden costs should low-income students really be paying attention to?My college experience offers afew examples.G)If you are low-income student who will be attending school out-of-state,make sure you know if you can useyour state benefits,such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program,or SNAP.It wasn’t until after I had accepted admission to an out-of-state school that I learned that I could not use my Ohio Medicaid on campus for anything other than emergency care.My benefits became invalid the second I moved out of Ohio.After my freshman year,I had to opt for the school’s insurance plan,which costs around$2,000a year.Even if your school offers a flat-rate fee for a doctor’s appointment at the student health center(mine is$20a visit),these fees often do not include extra fees for lab tests or prescription medications(药物).H)If you plan on paying off bills in your student account with a credit card,be aware of any additional costs.Myschool charges an additional fee for the use of a credit card to settle outstanding charges,which can addupwards of3%of the balance to your bill.I)There is another depressing reality hidden within even the largest financial aid packages:Colleges often offerthe most generous packages during freshman year as a way to attract new students.My family was careful to ask about the chances of financial aid being taken away after my freshman year.We were assured that,except for low grades or a raise in family income,no money would be taken away.We did not know to ask–and the school did not readily point out–that even if tuition rises,my financial aid package will stay the same.So when my university voted to raise tuition costs3%at the end of my freshman year,my financial aid package remained the same and I was suddenly responsible for an additional$1,200for the next year.The university administration will likely vote to raise costs at least once more before my graduation.J)Yes,I chose to attend an expensive university far from my hometown.Yes,there were cheaper options.But there are promising students from struggling families across the nation who should not rule out their dream schools entirely.All things considered,I am paying significantly less than the ticket price of my university,and having an educational experience in Washington,D.C.,that I would not have had anywhere else.As a low-income student from a down-and-out Rust Belt community,these educational experiences have enormous potential to brighten my future–and my family’s future.K)The key is to make sure that students and their families understand that hidden costs exist,and that they may prove problematic.Fill out a more comprehensive checklist,and be wary of listed prices that seem too low.Understand just how complicated the financial aid process is.L)Students and families must also understand their ability to self-advocate.They should not pay student bills or excess fees blindly.If something does not look right,ask about it.If it still doesn’t look right,negotiate it.In cases where parents are working multiple jobs,are less knowledgeable about college bureaucracies,have limited English language skills,or are not contributing financially to their child’s education,the burden of self-advocacy will fall on the student.I understand the difficulty,and the embarrassment.But it is necessary. M)In the grand scheme of things,however,colleges also must come to understand that the hidden fees they ask for may prove unmanageable for the very kinds of low-income or first-generation students they are trying desperately to attract.36.Students’financial aid remains unchanged even when tuition rises.37.Students may not be able to enjoy their state benefits when they go to college out of the state.38.The financial aid the author receives is supposed to cover all her college expenses.39.When the person who damages dorm facilities is not identified,students are required to share the cost.40.Though it is difficult and embarrassing,students should make inquiries about what fees they have to pay andwhy.41.Today,many Americans have to go to college on student loans.42.Receiving education in a private university in the nation's capital may change the author's future life and thatof her family's.43.Students may no longer be qualified for financial aid if they perform poorly in school or if their family incomehas increased.44.In addition to tuition,college students have to pay extra fees for the courses they take.45.Some schools charge students a fee to their student accounts for using credit card to pay bills.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.To write his2010book,The5-Factor World Diet,nutritionist Harley Pasternak traveled to the healthiest countries around the world to learn more about what made their meals extra nourishing.He noted that Japanese people eat a wonderful variety of seaweeds,and that Chinese people tried to include at least five different colors in every meal.Pasternak also came away with some valuable observations about how different the North American way of life was,compared with many other countries.For starters,Americans eat much bigger portions than people in other countries.“We don’t prioritize eating seasonally or locally,and we also add lots of salt,sugar and thickening agents to our foods,”explained Pasternak. Contrast that to the healthy Mediterranean,Nordic and Okinawan diets listed in Pasternak’s book.They all seem to stick to an ethos(特质)of regional,seasonal produce.For example,a traditional Mediterranean diet includes fruits,vegetables,whole grains,nuts and olive oil was the main components of nutritional intake.Fish,chicken and red wine make moderate appearances,while red meat,salt and sugar are used much less often.The benefits of a traditional Mediterranean diet have been studied since the 1970s,and researchers have found that living that olive oil life can help people lose weight,lower their heart disease risk and reverse diabetes.Most other healthy eating cultures also make meals an event–say,multiple courses around the family table,or a glass or two of red wine at a long lunch–as opposed to hastily wolfing down handfuls of cereal above the kitchen sink and calling it dinner.Each of the healthy eating cultures has its own unique features.But Pasternak did take note of one unifying factor in all of the healthy societies he observed.“The only overlapping feature in most of these healthy countries is that they all walk way more than the average American,”said Pasternak.“So really,regardless of what you’re eating,if someone’s walking four miles more than you each day,they’re going to be a lot thinner and live a lot longer than you.”46.What characterizes Japanese and Chinese foods?A)Variety.B)Flavor.C)Color.D)Naturalness.47.What is typical of Americans in the way of eating?A)They emphasize nutrition.B)They tend to eat quite a lot.C)They prioritize convenience.D)They care about flavors.48.What features in Mediterranean,Nordic and Okinawan diets?A)Fruits and vegetables.B)Olive oil and red wine.C)Seasonal local produce.D)Unprocessed ingredients.49.What do people in most healthy eating cultures have in common?A)They get the whole family to eat at a table.B)They eat their meals regularly and punctually.C)They consume plenty of cereal for breakfast.D)They attach great importance to their meals.pared with the average American,people in healthy societies______.A)walk at least4miles a dayB)do considerably more walkingC)pay more attention to body shapeD)consume a lot more organic foodPassage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.Recognizing when a friend or colleague feels sad,angry or surprised is key to getting along with others.But a new study suggests that being sensitive to people’s feelings may sometimes come with an extra dose of stress.This and other research challenge the prevailing view that emotional intelligence is uniformly beneficial to its bearer.In a study,psychologists Myriam Bechtoldt of the Frankfurt School of Finance and Management in Germany asked166male university students a series of questions to measure their emotional intelligence.For example,they showed the students photographs of people's faces and asked them to what extent feelings such as happiness or disgust were being expressed.The students then had to give job talks in front of judges who displayed serious facial expressions.The scientists measured concentrations of the stress hormones in the students'saliva(唾液)before and after the talk.In students who were rated more emotionally intelligent,the stress measures increased more during the experiment and took longer to go back to baseline.The findings suggest that some people may be too emotionally clever for their own good,says Bechtoldt.“Sometimes you can be so good at something that it causes trouble,”she notes.Indeed,the study adds to previous research hinting at a dark side of emotional intelligence.A study published in2002in Personality and Individual Differences suggested that emotionally perceptive people might be particularly influenced by feelings of depression and hopelessness.Furthermore,several studies have implied that emotional intelligence can be used to manipulate others for personal gains.More research is needed to see how exactly the relation between emotional intelligence and stress would play out in women and in people of different ages and education levels.Nevertheless,emotional intelligence is a usefulskill to have,as long as you learn to also properly cope with emotions–both others'and your own,says Bechtoldt. For example,some sensitive individuals may assume responsibility for other people’s sadness or anger,which ultimately stresses them out.Remember,as Bechtoldt says,“you are not responsible for how other people feel.”51.What is the finding of the new study?A)Emotional intelligence helps people get along with others.B)Emotional intelligence is generally beneficial to its bearer.C)People who are aware of others'feelings may experience more stress.D)People who are emotionally stressed may have trouble making friends.52.What was the purpose of psychologist Myriam Bechtoldt’s experiment?A)To define different types of human feelings.B)To assess the impacts of being emotionally clever.C)To demonstrate how to distinguish different feelings.D)To identify gender differences in emotional intelligence.53.What does the finding of Myriam Bechtoldt's study indicate?A)Greater emotional cleverness means less trouble in one’s life.B)Emotional intelligence helps people succeed in job interviews.C)People’s psychological wellbeing is related to various factors.D)People may suffer from having a high emotional intelligence.54.What do we learn about emotional intelligence from a number of studies?A)People suffering from depression are emotionally immature.B)People who look at the dark side of life often feel depressed.C)Some people may take advantage of it and benefit themselves.D)Some people may lack it and are easily manipulated by others.55.What does the author suggest sensitive individuals do?A)Avoid burdening themselves with others’feelings.B)Rid themselves of worries over worldly affairs.C)Learn to cope with people’s negative feelings.D)Help people to deal with their troubles in life.答案速查（第三套）Part IV Translation (30minutes)立春Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30mi ｎｕtes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You shoul dwrite your answer on Answer Sheet 2.（Start of Spring ）在中国农历中表示春天的开始。

第一节：四六级仔细阅读基础最大考点：同义替换The final potential cause is an increase in snacking and eating out over recentdecades-both in terms of how often they happen and how much they contribute to our overall energy intake.Again,there is evidence that food consumed out of the home is one of the most poorly recorded categories in surveys.What often goes unnoticed in surveys on food consumption?A)The growing trend of eating out.C)People's home energy consumption.B)The potential causes of snacking.D)People's changing diet over the years.Recent open debates on scientific research,health,and policy have aroused greater public attention and encouraged more diverse voices.If this trend spurs scientists to agree more quickly about the best solutions to our problems-and at the same time helps the public observe the process of scientific discourse more clearly-then this is good for everyone, including scientists.A recent debate published in The New York Times discussed the question of how quickly medicine should be developed and produced.Issues such as safety of the product and perception of the public were examined and considered.But some experts worried that such public speculation might lead people to believe that disagreement about the details meant a lack of adequate scientific consensus over the safety and efficiency of modern-day medicine.52.Why did a recent debate published in The New York Times arouse concerns among experts?A)It might hinder the progress in medical research.B)It might breed public distrust in modern medicine.C)It might add to the difficulty of getting research funds.D)It might prevent medical scientists reaching consensus.At the minimum,most of us work because we want to be able to support ourselves,our families,and the people around us.In the ideal world,we're all doing work that we're proud of and that provides meaning and purpose to us.But even if your job doesn't give you shivers of joy each new day,working is a part of what each of us does and the contribution we make to society.When you separate work and life,it's a little bit harder to make that connection.But when you think of work as part of a full life and a complete experience,it becomes easier to see that success in one aspect often supports another. What does the author say we do in an ideal world?A)We do work that betters the lives of our families and friends.B)We do work that gives us bursts of joy each new day.C)We do meaningful work that contributes to society.D)We do demanding work that brings our capacity into full play.第二节：四六级仔细阅读基础（强化基础训练）Forests in countries like Brazil and the Congo get a lot of attention from environmentalists,and itis easy to see why.South America and sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing deforestation on anenormous scale:every year almost5million hectares are lost.But forests are also changing in richWestern countries.They are growing larger,both in the sense that they occupy more land and that thetrees in them are bigger.What is going on?51.What is catching environmentalists'attention nowadays?A)Rich countries are stripping poor ones of their resources.B)Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.C)Forests are eating away the fertile farmland worldwide.D)Rich countries are doing little to address deforestation.The second is government policy and subsidy.Throughout history,governments have protected and promoted forests for diverse reasons,ranging from the need for wooden warships to a desire to promote suburban house-building.Nowadays forests are increasingly welcome because they suck in carbon pollution from the air. The justifications change;he desire for more trees remains constant.54.What accounts for our increasing desire for forests?A)Their unique scenic beauty.B)Their use as fruit plantations.C)Their capability of improving air quality.D)Their stable supply of building materials.The report concludes that creativity should not inhabit the schoolcurriculum only as it relates to drama,music,art and other obviously creative subjects,butthat creative thinking ought to run through all of school lifeinfusing the way humanities and natural sciences are learned.47.What is the conclusion of a recently-published report?A)Natural sciences should be learned the way humanities courses are.B)Cultivation of creativity should permeate the entire school curriculum.C)Art courses should be made compulsory for all students.D)Students should learn more obviouslyWhen children are regarded as vessels to be filled with facts,creativitydoes not prosper;nor does it when teachers'sole objective is coaching childrentowards exams.48.What does the report say is detrimental to the fostering of creativity?A)Alleviation of pressure.B)Teacher-led school activities.C)Test-oriented teaching.D)Independent learning.2023-6Passage OneSupermarkets have long been suffering as one of the thinnest-margined businesses in existence and one of the least-looked-forward-to places to work or visit.For more than a decade,they have been under attack from e-commerce giants,blamed for making Americans fat,and accused of contributing to climate change.Supermarkets can technically be defined as giants housing15,000to60,000different products.The revolutionary idea of a self-service grocery,where people could hunt and gather food from aisles rather than asking a clerk to fetch items from behind a counter,first came about in America.There is some debate about which was the very first,but over the years a consensus has built around King Kullen Supermarket,founded in New York in1930.For some300years,Americans had fed themselves from small stores and public markets.Shopping for food involved mud,noisy chickens,clouds of flies,nasty smells,bargaining,and getting short-changed.The supermarket imitated the Fordist factory,with its emphasis on efficiency and standardization,and reimagined it as a place to buy food.Supermarkets may not feel cutting-edge now,but they were a revolution in distribution at the time. They were such strange marvels that,on her first official state visit to the United States in1957,Queen Elizabeth II insisted on an impromptu（即兴的）tour of a suburban-Maryland Giant Food.The typical supermarket layout has barely changed over the past90years.Most stores open with flowers,fruit and vegetables at the front as a breath of freshness to arouse our appetite.Meanwhile,they keep the milk,eggs, and other daily basics all the way back so you'll travel through as much of the store as possible,and be tempted along the way.In the early days,as the supermarket multiplied,so did our suspicion of it.We have long feared that this “revolution in distribution”uses corporate black magic on our appetite.The book The Hidden Persuaders, published in1957,warned that supermarkets were putting women in a“hypnoidal trance（催眠恍惚状态），”causing them to wander aisles bumping into boxes and“picking things off shelves at random."46.What problem have supermarkets been facing?A)They are actually on the way to bankruptcy.B)They have been losing customers and profits.C)They are forced to use e-commerce strategies.D)They have difficulty adapting to climate change.47.What does the passage say about the idea of a self-service grocery?A)It was put forward by King Kullen.B)It originated in the United States.C)It has been under constant debate.D)It proves revolutionary even today.48.What did supermarkets do by adopting the Fordist factory approach?A)They modernized traditional groceries in many ways.B)They introduced cutting-edge layout of their stores.C)They improved the quality of the food they sold.D)They revolutionized the distribution of goods.49.What is the typical supermarket layout intended to do?A)Arouse customers'appetite to buy flowers,fruit and vegetables.B)Provide customers easy access to items they want to buy.C)Induce customers to make more unplanned purchases.D)Enable customers to have a more enjoyable shopping experience.50.What have people long feared about supermarkets?A)They use tricky strategies to promote their business.B)They are going to replace the local groceries entirely.C)They apply corporate black magic to the goods on display.D)Th ey take advantage of the weaknesses of women shoppers.2023-3Passage TwoOf the endless troubles that come with being driven from one's home country,losing educational certificates may seem small.But it isn't.Refugees who settle in other countries often find themselves unable to continue on their previous career path due to a new set of employer standards or skills requirements.To solve this problem,the U.S.State Department is posing a solution:online learning.The State Department will announce a partnership with an online education platform called Coursera.The platform will allow refugees worldwide to take thousands of online courses for free.“Coursera for Refugees”will be available for any non-profit group that supports refugees in any country,as well as individual refugees.They can apply for fully funded access to Coursera's course catalog,which means they can take all of the platform's classes and obtain professional certificates for free.The platform currently offers professor-led lectures on a broad range of topics,from data science to fashion design.As the world migrant crisis intensifies,employment is becoming a global concern.The new program aims to aid refugees by offering“important skills that will help them in the global economy,”Evan Ryan,U.S.assistant secretary of state for educational and cultural affairs,said on a press call last week.“What we don't want to do is not act,"added Coursera chief operations officer Lila Ibrahim.The idea isn't without problems.For one,starting a new career path isn't as simple as watching a few videos and obtaining an online certificate;even those looking to continue previous careers can't simply rely on an online lecture to get them up-to-date on standards,policies,and practices.For another,most of the classes on Coursera are in English,and though there are plans to add translations,language barriers can be a big obstacle.Then there are the questions over the value of massive open online courses(MOOCs)themselves-both for refugees and for average learners.But it's still early days and there are signs of hope.In2015,a joint study found72%of people taking the MOOCs saw career benefits afterwards.51.Why is the U.S.State Department launching an online learning program for refugees?A)To enable them to settle down in host countries.B)To allow them to learn as many job skills as possible.C)To offer them a platform to pursue advanced degrees.D)To help them to meet new employment standards.52.What do we know about“Coursera for Refugees"?A)It provides refugees with a wide range of courses free of charge.B)It offers free online data services for refugees around the world.C)It allows refugees to obtain degrees in various academic fields.D)It supplies refugees with a great variety of job opportunities.53.What does the passage say is a consequence of the global migrant crisis?A)Instability increases in host countries.B)The global economic crisis intensifies.C)A lot more refugees die during migration.D)Refugees find it more difficult to get a job.54.What does the author say causes refugees'difficulty in taking online courses?A)Cultural environment.B)Changed academic requirements.C)Lack of language skills.D)Difference in teaching platforms.55.What did the joint study find about the MOOCs several years ago?A)They helped solve learners'financial problems.B)They benefited most of the learners.C)They changed some learners'career path.D)They provided the most needed vocational skills.2022-6Passage TwoIn the coming era of budget cuts to education,distance learning could become the norm.The temptation for those in charge of education budgets to trade teachers for technology could be so strong that they ignore the disadvantages of distance learning.School facilities are expensive to build and maintain,and teachers are expensive to employ.Online classes do not require buildings and each class can host hundreds of people simultaneously,resulting in greater savings,thus increasing the temptation of distance education for those concerned more about budgets than learning.But moving away from a traditional classroom in which a living,breathing human being teaches and interacts with students daily would be a disaster.Physically attending school has hidden benefits:getting up every morning,interacting with peers,and building relationships with teachers are essential skills to cultivate in young people.Moreover,schools should be more than simple institutions of traditional learning.They are now places that provide meals.They are places where students receive counseling and other support.Those policy-makers are often fascinated by the latest technology in education and its potential to“transform”education overnight.But online education does not allow a teacher to keep a struggling student after class and offer cational videos may deliver academic content,but they are unable to make eye contact or assess a student's level of engagement.Distance education will never match the personal teaching in a traditional classroom. In their first18years of life,American children spend only9%of their time in school.Yet teachers are expected to prepare them to be responsible citizens,cultivate their social skills,encourage successful time management,and enhance their capacity to flourish in an increasingly harsh labor market.Given these expectations,schools should not become permanently“remote”.The power of the classroom is rooted in the humanity of the people gathered in the same place,at the same time.Personal teaching is about teachers showing students a higher path,and about young people going through the process together.Technology,no matter how advanced,should simply be a tool of a good teacher.51.What mainly accounts for the possibility that distance learning could become the norm?A)Advances in education technology.C)Shortage of school facilities.B)Shrinking financial resources.D)Lack of qualified teachers.52.What does the author say is one possible benefit of students attending school physically?A)Developing the habit of getting up early.B)Eating nutritionally well-balanced meals.C)Growing into living and breathing human beings.D)Cultivating relationships with peers and teachers.53.What does the author think of the latest technology in education?A)It may have potential disadvantages.B)It may render many teachers jobless.C)It may add to students'financial burden.D)It may revolutionize classroom teaching.54.What does the author say teachers are expected to do?A)Enhance students'leadership capacity.B)Elevate students to managerial positions.C)Enable students to adapt to the changes in life.D)Prepare students to be competitive in the future.55.Why couldn't technology replace a good teacher?A)It lacks humanity.B)It is still immature.C)It cannot track students'growth.D)It cannot cater to personal needs.2022-6Passage OneSocial media can be a powerful communication tool for employees,helping them to collaborate,share ideas and solve problems.Research has shown that82%of employees think social media can improve work relationships and60%believe it can support decision-making processes.These beliefs contribute to a majority of workers connecting with colleagues on social media,even during work hours.Employers typically worry that social media is a productivity killer;more than half of.U.S.employers reportedly block access to social media at work.In my research with277employees of a healthcare organization I found these concerns to be misguided.Social media doesn't reduce productivity nearly as much as it kills employee retention.In the first part of the study I surveyed the employees about why and how they used platforms like Facebook, Twitter,or Linked In.Respondents were then asked about their work behaviors,including whether they felt motivated in their jobs and showed initiative at work.I found employees who engage in online social interactions with co-workers through social media blogs tend to be more motivated and come up with innovative ideas.But when employees interact with individuals outside the organization,they are less motivated and show less initiative.In the second part of the study I found76%of employees using social media for work took an interest in other organizations they found on social media.When I examined how respondents expressed openness to new careers and employers,I found that they engaged in some key activities including researching new organizations and making new work connections.These findings present a dilemma for managers:employees using social media at work are more engaged and more productive,but they are also more likely to leave your company.Managers should implement solutions that neutralize the retention risk caused by social media.They can create social media groups in which employees will be more likely to collaborate and less likely to share withdrawal intentions or discussions about external job opportunities.Managers can also use social media to directly reduce turnover（跳槽）intentions，by recognizing employees'accomplishments and giving visibility to employees'success stories.46.What does previous research about social media reveal?A)Most employees think positively of it.B)It improves employees'work efficiency.C)It enables employees to form connections.D)Employees spend much of their work time on it.47.What did the author's own research find about social media?A)It influences employees'work negatively.B)It does much harm to employee loyalty.C)It kilIs employees'motivation for work.D)It affects employers'decision-making.48.What did the author find in his study about the effect of online social interactions?A)It differs from employee to employee.B)It tends to vary with the platform used.C)It has much to do with whom employees interact with.D)It is hard to measure when employees interact with outsiders.49.What problem was found with employees using social media for work?A)They seldom expressed their inner thoughts.B)Most of them explored new job opportunities.C)They were reluctant to collaborate with others.D)Many of them ended with lower productivity.50.What does the author suggest managers do to neutralize the retention risk?A)Give promotions to employees for their accomplishments.B)Create opportunities for employees to share success stories.C)Acknowledge employees'achievements through social media.D)Encourage employees to increase their visibility on social media.2022-12Passage TwoResearch shows that in developed countries,more affluent and educated people tend to consume higher-quality diets-including more fruits and vegetables,fish and whole grains.On the contrary,economically disadvantaged people report diets that are nutrient-poor and energy-dense.They are less likely to have food-purchasing habits that conform to public health recommendations.These dietary differences are often accompanied by higher rates of obesity and diabetes among lower-income people.This relationship between social class and diet quality and health is extensively documented.However,the research does not explain why this is the case-a question that has significant implications for designing effective policies and initiatives to improve diets and prevent chronic diseases.Public-health initiatives to promote healthy diets often focus on providing nutrition education and recipes（食谱）.These approaches，however，often presume less food literacy(i.e.food knowledge and skills)among low-income people.Are unhealthy diets really the result of poor choices,limited food skills and knowledge?Research suggests that adults in food-insecure households are just as likely as those in food-secure households to adjust recipes to make them more healthy.They are also just as proficient in food preparation and cooking skills.There is no indication that increasing food skills or budgeting skills will reduce food insecurity.Instead,disadvantaged groups are constrained by their economic,material and social circumstances.For example,low income is the strongest predictor of food insecurity in Canada,where one in eight households experiences insufficient access to nutritious foods.It's well-established that food prices are an important determinant of food choice.Low-income households report that they find it difficult to adopt dietary guidelines because food prices are a barrier to improving their diets.When researchers estimate the cost of diets people actually eat,higher-quality diets are typically more costly.While this may be so,it does not,in itself,prove that healthy diets are necessarily more expensive or cost-prohibitive.After all,not all socioeconomically disadvantaged people consume poor diets.We can easily think of a number of foods and recipes that are both inexpensive and nutritious.The internet is full of recipes for"eating well on a budget.”51.What can we learn from research on diets in developed countries?A)Dietary recommendations are not fit for underprivileged people.B)People from different social groups vary in their dietary habits.C)People's choice of food depends on their individual taste.D)There is no consensus on what high-quality diets are.52.What does the author say is important in formulating policies to improve diets and health?A)A better understanding of the relationship between social class and health.B)A greater emphasis on studying the cause of obesity and chronic diseases.C)Prioritizing the provision of better nutrition for lower classes.D)Designing education programs and initiatives on public health.53.What does research reveal about adults in food-insecure households?A)Their eating habits need to be changed.B)Their food literacy has been improving.C)They do not pay much attention to their food recipes.D)They do not lack food knowledge or budgeting skills.54.What would help improve food security among the disadvantaged groups in Canada?A)Teaching them budgeting skills.B)Increasing their food choices.C)Enabling them to have more access to nutritious foods.D)Taking more effective measures to increase food supplies.55.What does the author suggest disadvantaged people do to improve their health?A)Adopt a positive attitude towards dietary guidelines.B)Choose diets that are both healthy and affordable.C)Make sure to purchase healthy foods on the internet.D)Change their eating habits and consumption patterns.。

2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第3套)答案解析Part I Writing【作文审题】这是一篇图画类命题作文。

首先，抓住图画下方文字的主题词computer 和seeing you again，其中computer 对应题目要求中的Internet ，seeing you again 是题目中的communication 和face-to-face contact 的同义转述，避免跑题。

接着，借助图画内容（父母正在给楼上的儿子写电子邮件）和图画下边的邮件内容，图画与文字相结合，可提炼出主题：网络对人们的日常交流产生的影响。

然后，弄清文章题目与图画的关系：主题与描述之间的关系。

最后，确定行文思路：描述图画+提出观点+分析原因+总结全文；总结时，注意要观点明确，贴合所给主题，切勿模棱两可。

写作思路: 第一段：以“总——分——总”的形式描述图画内容，指出图画寓意。

第二段：指出网络交流不能取代面对面的交流，并分析其原因。

第三段：总结全文，重申自己的观点，呼应主题。

【精彩范文】The Impact of the Internet on the Way People Communicate[1] The ironic picture is about a father and a mother [2] writing a letter to their son who is upstairs. The father and mother greet the son, Andy, and tell him they are fine and miss him and look forward to seeing him again when his computer crashes and he comes downstairs to eat. [3] The child is overusing the Internet. [4] From the ironic picture we can see the impact of Internet on the way people communicate.Can electronic communication replace face-to-face contact? [5] The answer is “No”. [6] Forone thing, electronic communication makes people feel strange although it does help people communicate, especially for those who are far away or inconvenient to talk, [7] where as face-to-face contact makes people feel psychologically [8] intimate and affectionate. [6] For another, people cannot express themselves fully through the Internet. Thus, misunderstandings may be aroused.[9] In my opinion, I do not object to electronic communication, but it cannot replaceface-to-face communication.【名师点评】[1] 总述图画内容[2] 现在分词短语作后置定语，表达更简洁[3] 指出现象：过度使用网络[4] 点明寓意：网络对人们的日常交流方式产生了影响[5] 用设问句提出观点：电子通讯不能取代面对面的交流[6] 阐述两点原因：一方面，电子通讯疏远人们的关系；另一方面，电子通讯使表达不充分，容易造成误解。

2023年12月全国大学英语CET四级真题和答案解析（第二套）一、阅读理解阅读理解一题目Welcome to the World of Virtual Reality!文章Virtual reality (VR) is a technology that simulates a user’s physical presence in a virtual environment. By wearing a VR headset, users are immersed in a three-dimensional computer-generated world, which can be a realistic representation of an existing location or an imaginary world. Virtual reality has gained popularity in recent years, with various applications in entertainment, education, and healthcare.One of the main uses of virtual reality is in the field of entertainment. VR gaming allows users to experience gameplay in a fully immersive and interactive manner. Withthe help of motion tracking sensors, users can move aroundand interact with virtual objects as if they were in the game themselves. This adds a new level of excitement and realism to gaming, making it a favorite among many enthusiasts.In addition to entertainment, virtual reality has also found applications in the field of education. Virtual realitysimulations can provide students with a more engaging and interactive learning experience. For example, instead of reading about ancient civilizations in a textbook, students can explore virtual ancient ruins and interact with virtual characters from that time period. This hands-on approach to learning helps students retain information better and makes learning more enjoyable.Virtual reality is also being used in healthcare to assist in the treatment of certain medical conditions. For example, VR therapy has been found to be beneficial in the treatment of anxiety disorders and phobias. By exposing patients to virtual environments that trigger their fears or anxieties in a controlled manner, therapists can help them gradually overcome their fears. This technology has also been used in physical rehabilitation, allowing patients to practice movements and exercises in a virtual environment.In conclusion, virtual reality has opened up a new world of possibilities in various fields. Whether it’s for entertainment, education, or healthcare, VR technology offers a unique and immersive experience that can enhance our lives in many ways.答案解析本文主要介绍了虚拟现实（VR）技术的定义和应用。

2023年12月英语四级考试真题详解Title: Detailed Explanation of the December 2023 English CET-4 ExamIntroductionThe December 2023 English CET-4 exam was held nationwide on December 17, 2023. The exam consisted of listening, reading, writing, and translation sections, designed to assess candidates' English proficiency. In this article, we will provide a detailed explanation of the exam questions and answers.Listening SectionThe listening section of the exam included various conversations and lectures. Questions were based on the content of the recordings and required candidates to comprehend the information presented. For example, one question asked about the main idea of a conversation between two students discussing their plans for the upcoming holiday.Reading SectionThe reading section consisted of multiple-choice questions, cloze tests, and reading comprehension passages. Oneparticularly challenging question asked candidates to identify the author's purpose in a passage about the impact of technology on society. Another question required candidates to choose the appropriate synonym for a word in a passage about climate change.Writing SectionIn the writing section, candidates were asked to write an essay on a given topic. The essay prompt in this exam asked candidates to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of online education. Candidates were expected to present awell-organized argument with supporting examples and evidence.Translation SectionThe translation section required candidates to translate a passage from Chinese to English. The passage in this exam was about the importance of cultural diversity in today's global society. Candidates needed to demonstrate a strong command of both languages to accurately convey the meaning of the original text.ConclusionOverall, the December 2023 English CET-4 exam tested candidates' listening, reading, writing, and translation skills. By carefully reviewing the questions and answers provided in this article, candidates can gain a better understanding of the exam format and prepare effectively for future tests. Good luck to all future test-takers!。