高考“必考”非谓语动词, “吃透”重点+解题方法

把握解题规律，轻松破解非谓语动词非谓语动词内容繁多，用法复杂，是学生们在英语学习过程中的最大难点，也是高考中的必考项目。

纵观09高考，各省市单选题中非谓语动词题目达29道之多。

同学们要想掌握非谓语动词的用法，尤其是不定式和两种分词的不同用法，快速准确地解题，不妨牢记非谓语动词解题“五步骤”：“牢记核心意义--分析句子成分—寻找逻辑主语—了解时间关系—掌握特殊情况”。

在做题过程中通过以上五个步骤而逐步排除干扰项，很快就可以找准答案。

此“五步骤”的具体内容如下：1．牢记核心意义。

不定式表将来，目的，出乎意料的结果或表示动作发生的全过程；现在分词表主动，进行，自然地结果；过去分词表被动或完成。

2．分析句子成分。

不定式在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语以及状语；分词可充当表语、定语、补语和状语。

3．寻找逻辑主语，把握主被动关系。

非谓语动词虽然在语法上没有主语，但它仍表示的是动作，因此在意义上会有一个动作的发出者，这个发出者就是它的逻辑主语。

作主语补足语，表语和状语时，逻辑主语为句子的主语；作宾语补足语，逻辑主语为宾语；作定语，逻辑主语是所修饰的先行词；复合结构自带逻辑主语。

如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的是主动关系，用现在分词或不定式的主动式，如果是被动关系，则用过去分词或不定式的被动式，如果表被动进行，则用现在分词的被动式或不定式的被动进行式。

4．了解时间关系，选择一般式还是完成式。

如果非谓语动词与句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，用一般式；如果发生在之前，则用完成式，如果强调正在进行，则用进行时；如果动作在将来发生，则用不定式。

5．掌握特殊情况。

主要是指一些习惯用法，固定搭配等。

如有些动词后必须加不定式做宾语，而另外一些动词后必须加动词-ing形式作宾语，还有些动词后两种形式都可以，但意义上有差别，这些都需要同学们认真识记。

典型高考题例：①____ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed.【08北京】A. SeeingB. To seeC. SeeD. Seen【解题分析】非谓语动词see构成的短语与句子的主语I即其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用在句首，中间与句子用逗号分开，表示伴随情况，用作伴随状语，因此用现在分词。

高中英语非谓语动词考查重点和解题方法归纳非谓语动词属于英语语法的三座大山之一，无论在考试中还是平时的英语阅读中所起的作用都举足轻重。

但是，对于这么重要的语法内容，很多同学们却怎么学都学不透，要么完全不懂、做题时全靠“感觉”；要么一知半解，能跳过则跳过。

其实，只要方法正确，遇到有关非谓语动词的题目时就会迎刃而解，更令人开心的是，在平时的英语阅读中再也不需要绕道而行了！一、非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。

二、非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。

其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。

具体如下：1、不定式①基本形式：to do（表示主动，并且一般表示将来）②被动式：to be done（表示被动，并且一般表示将来）③进行式：to be doing （表示主动和进行）④完成时：to have done（表示主动和完成）⑤完成被动式：to have been done（表示被动和完成）⑥完成进行式：to have been doing （表示主动和完成进行）例如：The teacher told us to do morning exercises .老师让我们做早操。

The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。

She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时，她假装正在读书。

The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。

The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。

She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里，她一直在这家工厂工作。

GUAN ＧＤONG JIAO YU GAO ZHONG广东教育·高中2020年第12期非谓语动词是高中语法的重点和难点，是阅读理解和书面表达的必备基础，也是语法填空的必考点，每年每套题中有1-3小题。

面对非谓语动词，考生经常感到棘手，得分率不高。

其实，从近3年的高考真题来看，高考对非谓语动词的考查非常简单，仅限于考查to do,doing,done 的基本形式。

也就是说，考生只要掌握非谓语动词的三种最基本的形式，题目便迎刃而解。

为帮助考生突破非谓语动词，我们可以用“三步曲”解决非谓语动词。

第一步，分析句子结构，辨别谓语与非谓语。

根据句子的结构，英语句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

简单句只含有一个主谓结构。

并列句是由并列连词and,or,but,so 等连接的两个或两个以上分句而构成的句子，即S1+并列连词+S2。

复合句是由“主句+引导词+从句(定语从句，状语从句，名词性从句)”构成的句子。

根据以上句子成分分析可知，如果一个句子已经有谓语动词，而且空格前没有并列连词或从属连词，一般为非谓语动词。

如：1.(2020全国Ⅰ卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the in 鄄struments on board Chang ’e-4________(find)and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.2.(2020全国Ⅱ卷)They represent the earth __________(come)back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.3.(2020全国Ⅱ卷)They make great gifs and you see them many times ________(decorate)with red envelopes and mes 鄄sages of good fortune.4.(2020山东卷)The 80,000objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example,________(form)the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.分析：第1～3题谓语动词分别是hope,represent,see ，空格前均无连词，因此，括号中所给词均为非谓语动词。

专题03非谓语动词复习目录考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升学以致用：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破核心考点聚焦1、动词不定式用法2、动名词用法3、现在分词用法4、过去分词用法高考考点聚焦考点1 非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语一、动名词和不定式作主语能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。

二者的区别是：表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。

动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it 作形式主语放在句首。

▶Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here. (抽象)▶It is not very good for you to smoke so much. (具体)注意：▶如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。

如：▶To see is to believe.＝Seeing is believing.▶常用动名词作主语的句型：It is/was+no use/no good +doing; There is no point (in)+doing▶It’s no use complaining without taking action.不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。

二、动名词和不定式作宾语1. 下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。

主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。

decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish; refuse，manage，care，pretend; offer，promise，choose，plan; agree，ask/beg，help。

此外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。

▶She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我经过时，她假装没看见我。

非谓语动词解题方法三步走
第一步：（成分判断）判断非谓语动词充当的句子成分
第二步：（语态判断）判断主动、被动语态
第三步：（时态判断）判断非谓语动词的动作与谓语动作的先后关系
具体判断法则
1.非谓语动词充当句子主语（高考近五年未考）
①（成分判断）充当主语——谓语动作发出者
②（语态判断）主被动的选择取决于句子要表达的意思
③（时态判断）
以下为高考常考内容
2.非谓语动词充当句子宾语
①（成分判断）充当宾语——谓语动作承受者
②（语态判断）
③（时态判断）
3.非谓语动词充当句子定语/宾补
①（成分判断）充当定语/宾补——相当于形容词，用来修饰宾语
②（语态判断）
③（时态判断）
4.非谓语动词充当句子状语
①（成分判断）充当状语——相当于副词，用来修饰谓语
②（语态判断）
③（时态判断）
5.（主系表结构中）非谓语动词充当表语形容词
①（成分判断）在“主+系+表”结构中，充当表语形容词
②（语态判断）
③（时态判断）
根据徐磊英语语法总结。

题型12 语法填空非谓语动词考点解读非谓语动词是语法填空的必考点，重点考查其在句中所充当的句子成分和其对应形式。

非谓语不能单独作谓语，但同时保留动词的某些特征。

没有人称和数的变化，但有时态、语态的变化，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。

判断技巧如果句中已经有谓语动词，且设空处与其不构成并列关系，则考虑设空处使用非谓语动词。

【典例1】with or if it’s something we develop based on our experiences.【典例2】【典例1】（广东省佛山市南海区2023-2024学年高三测试题）Shandong is willing to work with Italianchapter in the cultural and tourism cooperation and exchanges between the two places, said a senior official from the Shandong Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism.【典例2】（湖南省永州一中2023-2024学年高三试题）We often exchange views on style and production skills,” said Shu,__________ (add) that young consumers make up a big part of her customers.【典例3】（广东省佛山市南海区2023-2024学年高三测试题）(host) by the Shandong Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism, the event’s opening ceremony was attended by more than 100 guests, including government officials from both sides, as well as representatives from Italy.【典例1】（广东省新高考高中联合质量测评省级联考试题）“Walking has taught me that everything and everyone has a story (share); we just have to be willing to listen,” she said.【典例2】（江苏省东台中学2023-2024学年高三10月试题）There being many choices of (package) Luosifen these days ,people can easily prepare their favorite version at home.【典例1】（广东省深圳市红岭中学2023-2024学年高三统考试题）After the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Palace Museum was established in 1925, allowing tourists at home and abroad (visit) the architecture and appreciate the artistic treasures.【典例2】（河北省高碑店市崇德实验中学2023年高三试题）Around 9,000 years ago, this ice melted, with about 100 glaciers (leave) behind.【典例1】（2023年山东高三模拟）Creating a brand-new organism by __________（combine）the gene s of existing, unrelated organisms is known as genetic engineering.【典例2】There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind which ________(buy).【典例1】（广东省广东省四校联考2023-2024学年高三9月试题）The study, which appeared in the journal PLOS Medicine,indicates that individuals who take in higher-than-average amounts of artificial sweetener are 13% more likely (suffer) from cancer.【典例2】（湖南省部分校2023-2024学年高三试题）The sociologists state that naked marriage is worth _____ (advocate) strongly among young people because it demonstrates civilization and progress.1.（广东省六校2023-2024学年高三第一次联考试题）Dr. Wang began to question the umbrella species narrative and carried out research, only (find) that panda conservation had not helped large carnivores in China.2.（湖南省常德市临澧一中2023-2024学年高三试题）But with cheaper, machine-produced trinkets (小首饰)_______ (rule) the market, they couldn’t rely on the old technique to survive.for growing tea, since 2018, we have improved the management of the tea plantation, introducedadvanced planting techniques and provided training for villagers,” Huang said.4.（湖北省黄冈市2023-2024学年高三调研试题）Seemingly, (mention) his name gives people joy even after a thousand years.5.（湖北省腾云联盟2023-2024年高三联考试题）The volunteers not only take care of the aged and look after children but also resolve conflicts, Wang noted, (add) that if disagreements, quarrels, or any other fights occur, “Taiping Women” will be there to help.6.（湖北省宜荆荆恩2023-2024学年高三起点试题）Since Liuzhou is a city full of Luosifen restaurants, with many near one another, you can even smell it (walk) down the street!7.（福建省厦门双十中学2023-2024学年高三10月试题）The butter-plum flavour, characteristic of China, was also among the new flavours (add) through the years.8.（河北省保定市重点高中2023-2024学年高三试题）The Prints-A Riot of Colors, an exhibition (feature) some 130 prints created by generations of Chinese artists, the oldest one of which dates back to the 1930s, opened on Monday at the Guardian Art Center in Beijing. 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He17.(湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三摸底考试)Since the summer of 2022, a 26-year-old Shanghai resident ( name) Chen Jiaorong has been walking along Julu Road in Shanghai’s downtown area once or twice a week, looking around and picking up“garbage”.factory“, Dafen impressed visitors with its many workshops, in which painters created mock masterpieces by Van Gogh, Monet and Warhol.19.（湖南省常德市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）From the late 13th until 19th century, with the highest section built and the overall length (shorten), the Canal was turned into a main passage between northern and southern China as well as the economic lifeline of the country.flavorful and clear soup, shaved beef, deep red chili oil and lots of characteristic ingredients, Lanzhou Beef Noodles has received a large number of votes from Chinese citizens.21.（2024届广东省四校高三第一次联考试题）So far, Shandong has launched many cultural tourism projects, making great progress in digging into the culture and value of the Yellow River _______(boost）the high-quality development of the region.22.（广东省执信中学2023-2024学年高三开学试题）What you have to remember is (put) the glass down.23.（广东省七校联合体2023-2024学年高三联考试题）The ministry will make continuous efforts_____ (increase)the proportion of green buildings, raise building energy efficiency standards and popularize buildings with extra-low energy consumption in regions with suitable climate conditions.24.（湖南省常德市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）Huawei, which has endured years of US sanctions, surprised the world on Aug 29, with an unadvertised announcement -the launch of its latest high-end smartphone, the Mate 60 Pro, (price) at 6,999 yuan ($964). 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高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解专题八非谓语动词2．寻找逻辑主语寻找逻辑主语，，确定逻辑主语与所给动词之间的关系非谓语动词虽然不能作谓语，但仍具有动词的特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就是逻辑主语。

分析非谓语动词与其逻辑主语(逻辑上的动作执行者)之间是主动关系还是被动关系(也就是看其逻辑主语是动作的发出者还是承受者)。

如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，则用现在分词形式。

如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词形式。

但是当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用动词不定式的被动式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用现在分词形式的被动式。

[例2] The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras (return) to our shop for quality problems. [分析]returned句意：生产厂商定期来收集因质量问题而被退回到我们商店的相机。

句中已有谓语动词comes，因此设空处应为非谓语动词形式；且动词return与其逻辑主语the cameras之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填returned。

3．分析所给动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作发生的先后顺序非谓语动词所发生的时间是一个相对时间，即相对应谓语动词的动作发生的时间而言。

非谓语动词的形式不同，所指时间的含义也不同。

根据非谓语动词与谓语动词的动作发生的先后顺序确定用一般式还是完成式。

如to have done, having done表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；to be doing, doing表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。

[例3] (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.[分析]Having worked考生容易误认为在句首设题，应填to work表示目的。

高考英语非谓语动词解题技巧和训练方法及练习题(含答案)一、单项选择非谓语动词1．(山东) There is a note pinned to the door ___________ when the shop will open again. A．saying B．saysC．said D．having said【答案】A【解析】试题分析：在这个句子中note和say是主动关系，所以要用saying。

此处saying引导的句子做伴随状语。

句意为：门上钉着张纸条，写着这家商店什么时候再营业。

故答案选A。

考点：考查非谓语动词。

【知识拓展】非谓语动词的选择要根据所填的动词及它所要修饰的逻辑主语之间的关系确定。

doing表主动表进行；done表被动表完成；to do表目的表将来。

【名师点睛】本题考查非谓语。

先把句子简化：There is a note (which is pinned to the door) saying when the shop will open again.伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的，本题考查的是现在分词做伴随状语,用ing形式。

现在分词短语表示与主句的主语在逻辑上有主谓关系，即表示主动意义；而过去分词短语则表示与主句的主语在逻辑上是动宾关系，即被动意义；如：He went to the classroom holding two books； He went to the forest , followed by two dogs.2．________ the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks.A．Not completing B．Not completedC．Not having completed D．Having not completed【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查现在分词的完成式做状语，因为他们是先没有完成任务，然后不得不在这儿再待两个星期。