威德福概述

世界四大石油服务公司美国Schlumberge r PowerDrive 斯伦贝榭斯伦贝榭Schlumberger公司发源于法国，是由两个法国兄弟在1927年创办成立的，现是国际性的油田服务公司，拥有员工54000人，70多国家和140多国籍的技术人员，在欧洲地区拥有员工40%以上，中东地区15%以上，在欧洲发达地区的营业额40%多，在中东地区也达到了18%以上。

美国Baker Hughes AutoTrak® 贝克休斯美国贝克休斯公司 BakerHughes Inc美国Halliburton GeoPilot 哈里伯顿公司哈里伯顿公司（Halliburton Company）是世界上最大的为能源行业提供产品及服务的供应商之一。

成立于1919年, 总部位于美国德克萨斯州休斯敦，在全球七十多个国家拥有约六万名员工。

为一百多个国家的国家石油公司、跨国石油公司和服务公司提供油气行业的上游服务，涵盖油田的整个生命周期：从油气勘探、地质数据管理，到钻井、地层评价、建井、完井和生产优化等全部过程。

九十多年来，在设计、制造和供应可靠的产品和能源服务方面美国Weatherford Company 威德福公司威德福油田服务有限公司为世界知名专业石油机械生产供应商，业务遍布100多个国家，为200多点提供油田设备服务，年营业额超过120亿美元，全球雇有60，000多人，为世界三大石油设备厂商之一。

威德福（中国）能源服务有限公司（以下简称“威德福”）是威德福国际公司在中国投资成立的油田服务公司。

威德福国际公司是全球四大石油服务公司之一，总部位于瑞士，现有雇员6万余名，在美国上市。

做为经营油田服务及设备的大型跨国企业，威德福国际公司在全球范围内为油气田勘探开发提供服务，在世界主要能源生产中心如亚洲、加拿大、欧洲、拉丁美洲、中东、俄罗斯及美国都设有区域服务中心，业务遍及100多个国家和地区。

为客户提供一流品质的油田服务是威德福国际公司一贯秉承的宗旨。

CNPC PetroChina, CNOOC, SinopecBarnett Marcellus Montney Horn River Haynesville Eagle Ford Woodford FayettevilleUtica NiobraraAntrim Monterey MancosNorth America•Avg. 2000+ rigsin 2009-2010•53%+ of all rigsdrill in shaleRecoverable shale gas Reserve:US –24.4 trillion m3China –36.1 trillion m3Slickwater Hydraulic Fracturing Districts in US滑溜水水力压裂区域* Some HHP on order for 2011260 台泵车, 到年底达320台泵车。

泵车台上2250BHP ，三缸泵和五缸泵，液力端4-6”。

混砂车和配液车为100桶和130桶，计算机程序控制，可从仪表车进行操控。

1st stage perf with coiled tubing第一级用连续油管射孔2nd-14 stages pump down packer, shoot perfwith wireline and frac2-14级下封隔器，用电缆射孔然后压裂f fracguard4000 ftAverage flow back 平均返排-35-50%Chemicals in Flow back water effecting hydration and crosslink time 返排水中含有的化学物质影响水化和交联时间•Iron 铁离子•Divalent salts 二价盐(ie Ca++, Mg++, Ba++)•Undissolved solids 不溶固相(turbidity 浊度)Objectives 目标•Economic 经济•remove above salts and solids 除去盐和固相•available on site 现场可用大液量，每井15140-22710m 3大排量，12.6-15.8m 3/minWhat have we learnt from Weatherford US Experience in Fracturing for Shale我们从威德福美国页岩气压裂经验中学到什么Only needed when use borate fluid200 bbl holding tankShale disperses inless 8 min in fresh water1.Hard to clean2.Erosion damage to downhole tool3.Damage to surface equipment33Curable resins are used to consolidate the pack and reduce proppant flowback.树脂砂用于强化支撑剂充填，减少支撑剂回流。

ArtificialLift-Weatherford-威德福最新⼈⼯举升和⽣产优化技术Maximizing production through experienced analysis, innovative equipment, intelligent controllers and sophisticated softwareThe Lift Experts SMCompletionProductionIntervention DrillingEvaluationProduction optimizationArtificial LiftProduction OptimizationArtificial-lift systemsCapillary technologies COROD ? continuous rodElectric submersible pumping systems Gas lift Hydraulic lift Plunger lift Prime moversProgressing cavity pumping Reciprocating rod lift Sucker rodsSurface pumping unitsArtificial liftControl systems Flow measurement Reservoir monitoring SoftwareSubsea production2011 Weatherford. All rights reserved.2When choosing a form of lift, Weatherford uses its extensive suite of lift offerings to design the most appropriate system for your well. For gas-well deliquification, we have developed the Unloading Selector, a simple online process that analyses the data you provide and then produces an unbiased recommendation as to which form of lift is best suited for your well. In addition we provide intelligence-at-the-wellhead with specific controllers for each type of lift and intelligence-at-the-desktop with our detailed analysis software for maximum optimization.However, optimization is more than just control and analysis. It is asystematic approach to operating wells, managing field operations and exploiting reserves efficiently.To that end, we provide tools to comprehensively optimize wells at an individual and fieldwide basis that follow the optimization cycle, including:? Monitoring well activity and reservoir changes ? Quantifying data receivedControlling well operation based on the well’s current state Analyzing the artificial-lift system related to the current well status ? Designing the artificial-lift system based on the well’s current and projected characteristics ? Managing operations work flowIntegrating optimizationOnly Weatherford offers optimization, products and expertise for all forms of lift. We provide unbiased system recommendations based on an exacting analysis of reservoir data. Matching the system to the task ensures better control of lifting costs and enhanced reservoir recovery.MonitorAnalyzeWork FlowQuantifyControlMeasureArtificial Lift Production OptimizationSystematic approach to artificial-lift solutionsSelecting the right lifting configuration and system for a specific wellor field requires an in-depth analysis of well conditions, field and client requirements, equipment capabilities and associated costs. Weatherford specialists bring together their expertise across all forms of lift todetermine the most cost-effective solution and system/equipment matchfor maximum performance and production enhancement.Values represent typical characteristics and ranges for each form of artificial lift. Parameters vary according to well situations and requirements and must be evaluated on a well-by-well basis.2011 Weatherford. All rights reserved.3Lift systemsReciprocating rod pumps Pumping units–ConventionalAmpscotMaximizer–Enhanced geometryMaximizer II–Beam-balance–Long-strokeRotoflex–Low-profile–StrapJack?–Nitrogen-over-hydraulic Rods–COROD continuous–SuckerQuenchedNormalizedUltrahigh strength–ConnectorsAPIPRO/KC–Pony–ServicesPRO/KC makeupPumps–Insert–TubingControllers–WellPilot RPOC–WellPilot VSDSoftware–LOWIS softwareMonitoringTrendingAnalysisWork flow management Reciprocating rod-lift systemsWe combine multiple technological systems and field-experienced personnelto provide the best configurations for any field. Our rod-lift solution offers complete optimization of your well from the pumping unit and downhole pump selection through wellsite automation and data analysis. By integrating rod-pump controllers (RPCs), variable-speed drives (VSDs), remote diagnostic software and communication systems, we enable operators to effectively optimize their production.We offer a wide range of pumping units, providing specific solutions for high-efficiency, long-stroke, low-profile and nonelectric power sources. Specific rods are available depending on the configuration of the well. Sucker rods of various strengths and composition can be considered for the particular requirements of the well. Our COROD? continuous rod is a choice for many modern rod-lift systems.More than just offering the right pump size, we provide multiple types of downhole pumps, including insert, tubing and Fluid-Packed? pumps. Once a pumping system is configured for a well, a WellPilot? rod pump optimization controller (RPOC) or VSD is used to control the pumping system to match inflow and production. LOWIS? host-based software provides the detailed analysis that enables operators to fine-tune the operation of the pump, predict and react to pending problems, monitor performance of the well in real time, manage work process of well activities, and create better designs for the pumping, based on historical information from the well.PRO/KC is a registered trademark of Permian Rod Operations.2011 Weatherford. All rights reserved. 4Artificial Lift Production Optimization2011 Weatherford. All rights reserved.5Progressing cavity pumping (PCP) systemsWe offer the most comprehensive portfolio of PCP systems including an unrivaled selection and application experience. Drive heads are available in electric or hydraulic formats, and pumps are designed for the vast differences in conditions that can be found in PCPapplications. Even specific stators can be chosen based on the temperature and properties of the fluid produced.Our new HiPer ? elastomer has extended pump life in a coalbed methane (CBM) well from 3 to more than 18 months. Our DuraSeal ? stuffing box provides the confidence required to operate your pump safely for an extended period. We have more than 500 boxes in the field, and many have been running for more than 400 days.We provide intelligence-at-the-wellsite with our WellPilot ? VSD, downhole sensors and surface instruments designed for PCP operations. Intelligence-at-the-desktop is provided through LOWIS ? and WellFlo ? software that monitors, analyzes, controls and designs the lift system.Our WellPilot VSDs prevent over torque of the rods and enable the well to be pumped at maximum rates without pumping off and damaging the pump. Downhole pressure and temperature gauges at the intake and discharge of the pump provide further precision for the controller and the well analyst to properly operate the pump. The information from the controller, gauges and other sources, such as well-testing data, are used in LOWIS software to monitor and analyze the function of the well. The data collected in LOWIS software is used to adjust the design of future pumping systems for that well. Additionally, WellFlo software provides nodal analysis for new and existing wells.Progressing cavity pumpingDrive heads –Electric –Hydraulic Pumps–Conventional–Extreme conditions –Insertable Rods–COROD ? continuous –SuckerAccessories–DuraSeal rotating stuffing box –HiPer nitrile elastomer Services–Agitating autoclave Controllers –Gauges ? mPOD ?? sPOD ?–WellPilot VSDSoftware–LOWIS software ? Monitor ? Analysis ? TrendingWork-flow management –WellFlo software Nodal analysisPlunger-lift systemsWe offer different types of plungers from conventional to high-tech toaccommodate various well conditions like high-ratio oil and loading gas wells. Our lift experts can look at the composition of the liquid and the amount of gas, pressures and well configurations to design an optimal system. In conjunction with bumper subs, lubricators, controllers and accessories, we offer complete plunger-lift systems, optimized for your success.The recent release of our new SafetyLift ? plunger system is just one example of the innovations that we provide our plunger-lift clients. The SafetyLift plunger can effectively operate below a subsurface safety valve in deepwaterapplications.Additionally, our WellPilot ? plunger-lift controllers manage the release of the plunger to the precise time that the well has built enough pressure for another cycle. The controllers use pressure measurements and built-in logic to determine the best time to cycle the well. The controller operates in one of four user-selectable control modes, including A/B valve (normal mode), pressure mode, Murphy mode and 3-valve mode. Historical data are stored in the controller, including but not limited to the number of plunger travels, total plunger arrivals, plunger travel time and accumulated sales time. Additionally, LOWIS ? software measurement (EFM) operations.Plunger liftPlungers –Brush–Combination –Fixed-brush –Progressive ? –RapidFlo ?Fixed-brush Padded –Spiral –T-pad–Subsurface safety valve Lubricators –Single outlet –Dual outlet –Cold weather –Bowen union Bumper springs Controllers –WellPilot plunger lift ? F-15? F-22Artificial Lift Production Optimization2011 Weatherford. All rights reserved.7Gas-lift systemsOur gas-lift systems feature an extensive range of compatible equipment available for use with continuous and intermittent flow applications and with wireline- and tubing-retrievable deployments. Our products, including valves, mandrels, latches and kickover tools, offer the flexibility toprovide the right equipment and system solution for every gas-lift requirement. Our experience enables us to be innovative in our thinking, and our engineers are always working to improve existing designs and create new and useful tools.For deepwater, high-pressure and highly corrosive well environments, wedesigned the double-valve external (DVX) side-pocket gas-lift mandrel, which is now being used in installations throughout the world.We not only offer our experience and innovations, but we also provide support through a suite of design and analysis software to aide in the selection of valve types, port sizes, depth settings and much more. Our software is available and applicable throughout the life of your reservoir.T o enhance further your well’s performance, we offer intelligence-at-the-wellsite with controllers that can handle single or multiple wells for injection control and parameter monitoring. The solution provides access to continuous real-time data, controls the constant gas injection based on controlled set point, and supportsorifice-meter and turbine-meter gas measurement. It provides a well stability profile (heading detection) and an alarming interface for a gas-lift specific control unit.We have the most advanced software for designing, monitoring and troubleshooting production issues. With ReO ? software, you can model the entire field and optimize the gas allocation across all wells for maximum production fieldwide. WellFlo ? systems analysis software provides a powerful and simple-to-use standalone application to design, model, optimize and troubleshoot individual oil and gas wells. WellTracer ? technology gives you a snapshot of your well’s performance by injecting a small volume of carbon dioxide (CO 2) into the gas supply to detect the presence of multiple-lift points, the depth of an operating valve and even-injection gas leaks into the production tubing. We also haveindustry-standard software for designing gas-lift systems and unloading modeling.With an extensive selection of sizes and materials, plus value-added products and solutions, our clients maximize ultimate reservoir productivity and realize increased operational efficiency.Gas liftGas-lift valves–Injection-pressure operated –Differential-pressure operated –Production-pressure operated –Pilot operated –Constant flow –Orifice–Reverse-flow checkGas-lift mandrels–Wireline-retrievable side-pocket –Tubing-retrievable gas lift Communication and isolation devices –WellTracer gas-lift surveillance tool Subsurface safety valves Software–WellFlo software ? DesignNodal analysis Troubleshoot –ReO softwareField-network management Injection-gas management –DynaLift software Unloading simulation –LOWIS software –i-DO ? software Kickover tools Injection systems LatchesPack-off equipmentWellTracer is a trademark of Appsmiths Inc.Electric submersible pumping (ESP) systemsWe offer a complete solution—not simply parts and components— to enhance production over the life of a well or field, as well as improve our client’s system run-life and overall profitability. Our experienced personnel understand there is more to providing a finely tuned ESP completion than just excellent hardware. Our ESP team uses their experience in design, engineering, installation and optimization to provide a full-time ESP support structure and ensure maximum returns from your investment.Our total solution provides wellsite intelligence, historical references and remote optimization. At times, the ESP solution can react to changing fluid levels and return to normal operations without the operator having to intercede. With the remote terminal unit (RTU) storing the short-term data and the remote software collecting, trending and providing analytical displays of that data, the user is aware of temporary changes in the system. These changes can be compared over time to identify trends that provide a method to predict potential problems and take proactive action to avoid impending expensive repairs. Our ESP solution provides intelligent control at the wellhead, as well as monitoring, analysis and control at the desktop. The result is improved ESP performance and increased profitability. We currently have hardware and optimization software installations used in many locations around the world.Electric submersible pumpingAccessories CablesDownhole monitoring Intakes and gas separators Motors Pumps SwitchboardsSoftware–LOWIS ? software ? Monitor ? Analysis ? TrendingWork-flow management VSDs2011 Weatherford. All rights reserved.8Artificial Lift Production Optimization2011 Weatherford. All rights reserved.9Hydraulic-lift systemsRecognized for flexibility and the capability to operate in high-volume, high-depth environments, our hydraulic-lift systems provide extraordinary flexibility in installation and operation to meet a broad range of artificial-lift requirements. Offering jet and piston hydraulic-lift systems—ranging from operating depths of 5,000 to 17,000 ft (1,524 to 5,182 m) with volumes from 50 to 25,000 BFPD—our hydraulic-lift capabilities are designed to maximize production and reduce lifting costs.Our hydraulic jet-lift pumps provide proven performance in almost limitlessapplications covering a wide range of depths, volumes and well conditions. With no moving parts, our jet-lift pumps provide greater reliability and serviceability, which is a real plus in remote locations. Its shorter length also provides easier passage through problematic boreholes.With our simple method of changing the pump size, our experts can customize your jet-lift pump to maximize your returns. This technique is accomplishedthrough our proprietary jet-pump sizing program (JEMS), an evaluation modeling software. JEMS simulates anticipated downhole conditions and performance ranges for every possible scenario, enabling us to prescribe the precise nozzle and throat sizes. We then provide you with a performance chart reflecting the highly efficient and cost-effective system for yourwell.Hydraulic liftSubsurface pumps –Jet –Piston –Kobe ? ALP –Kobe B –Kobe D–Oilmaster ? F, V and 220 Surface systems–Hydraulic pumping –Jet-lift–Frac-flowback recovery –Oilmaster power unit –RamPump ? surface –Unidraulic ? surface Software–JEMS sizing program –LOWIS ? softwareCapillary injection-lift systemsWe provide advanced chemical technology and injection services, resulting in safer and more effective production enhancement for clients worldwide—onshore and offshore.Our chemical services group offers Engineered Chemistry ? solutions for virtually any downhole condition that one encounters, and our proprietary injection equipment has been designed with safety and service life in mind.We maximize your well’s production while protecting your tubulars—reducing your workover needs and eliminating batch treating and shut-in time. Ourexpertise places chemicals at the precise point in the amount needed, eliminating chemical metering and saving chemical costs.In addition to an outstanding training program and skilled operators, there are important and unique safety features built into all of our capillary string units. Only Weatherford equips every capillary string unit with a hydraulically controlled blowout preventer (BOP), instead of a conventional single-element packoff.In fields around the globe, production declines are not always the result ofreservoir or wellbore issues. Sometimes completion factors, such as flow areas cause reduced production—and our patented internal critical velocity reduction plus (iCVR+?) and Xtra-Lift ? systems provide solutions.These proprietary Weatherford technologies are designed for extended perforated-interval gas wells. They combine the best attributes of flow-area reduction and foam-lift assistance by reducing surface tension and density of produced water.These solutions reduce the well’s critical velocity and improve production rates.Capillary injectionEquipment–Truck-mounted units –Skid-mounted units–Hydraulically controlled 10,000 BOP –Auxiliary air –Tool systems–Extended reach cranes –Wellhead wash-down kits–5,000 psi (34.5 MPa) hydraulic pumps ChemistrySoftware–Candidate selection software –WellFlo ? critical velocity2011 Weatherford. All rights reserved.11The Weatherford advantagePut Weatherford’s experience, comprehensive technical support and integrated product supply to work for you today.The objectives are fundamental. But they are often difficult to achieve. At Weatherford, we do it every day by using every asset at our disposal—engineering, software, hardware, delivery and maintenance.Our industry-leading experience and technology ensure that your reservoir benefits from the optimal-lift solution. At every step in the asset’s life, weprovide powerful resources that ensure wells and facilities are operating at peak performance levels.Our lift experts work closely with your engineers to manage changing reservoir conditions. At each step, we support your decisions with unrivaled service and high-quality, innovative equipment. With our full selection of lift and optimization systems, your reservoir benefits from the most appropriate lift solution throughout the asset’s life. And our global resources put equipment inventory and maintenance capabilities close at hand for a fast response—onshore and offshore.For more information, contact us at als@/doc/e7ffa5041eb91a37f0115c20.html or visit us at/doc/e7ffa5041eb91a37f0115c20.html /als ./doc/e7ffa5041eb91a37f0115c20.htmlWeatherford products and services are subject to the Company’s standard terms and conditions, available on request or at /doc/e7ffa5041eb91a37f0115c20.html . For more information contact an authorized Weatherford representative. Unless noted otherwise, trademarks and service marks herein are the property of Weatherford and may be registered in the United States and/or other countries. Weatherford products named herein may be protected by one or more U.S. and/or foreign patents. For more information, contactpatents@/doc/e7ffa5041eb91a37f0115c20.html . Specifications are subject to change without notice. Weatherford sells its products and services in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in the applicable contract between Weatherford and the client.2011 Weatherford. All rights reserved.3646.00Weatherford provides worldwide service and support from more than 900 locations in approximately 100 countries. To find out more about our artificial-lift systems and productionoptimization solutions, email als@/doc/e7ffa5041eb91a37f0115c20.html or visit/doc/e7ffa5041eb91a37f0115c20.html /als .The Lift Experts SMArtificial Lift Production Optimization。

威德福旋导1. 介绍威德福旋导是一种先进的导航系统，它利用全球定位系统（GPS）和惯性导航系统（INS）来提供精准的导航和定位服务。

这种导航系统广泛应用于军事、航空、海洋等领域，能够帮助用户在各种复杂环境中准确找到目标位置。

2. 原理威德福旋导的工作原理基于GPS和INS的协同运作。

GPS通过接收卫星发射的信号来确定用户的位置和速度，但在某些情况下，如建筑物遮挡或电磁干扰，GPS信号可能不稳定或无法获取。

为了解决这个问题，威德福旋导引入了惯性测量单元（IMU），它包含加速度计和陀螺仪来测量加速度和角速度。

通过将GPS和INS数据进行融合处理，威德福旋导能够提供更准确、可靠的位置信息。

融合算法利用滤波器技术将两种数据源进行整合，并校正误差，以提高定位精度。

同时，该系统还能实时更新位置信息，以适应用户的移动和环境变化。

3. 特点与优势3.1 高精度定位威德福旋导具有高精度的定位能力，其融合算法可以消除GPS信号误差和INS漂移问题，提供准确的位置信息。

这对于军事行动、航空导航和海洋探测等领域非常重要，可以帮助用户快速准确地找到目标位置。

3.2 强大的抗干扰能力由于威德福旋导同时利用GPS和INS数据进行融合处理，即使在电磁干扰或建筑物遮挡等恶劣环境下，它仍然能够提供可靠的导航服务。

这使得该系统在复杂地形和战场环境中表现出色，并具有广泛的应用前景。

3.3 实时更新与多模态支持威德福旋导能够实时更新位置信息，并根据用户的移动和环境变化进行调整。

此外，它还支持多种导航模式，如车辆导航、步行导航等。

这使得该系统可以满足不同用户的需求，并在各种场景下提供最佳的导航体验。

4. 应用领域4.1 军事导航威德福旋导在军事领域具有广泛的应用。

它可以帮助士兵在战场上准确定位，并为军事行动提供精确的导航支持。

此外，威德福旋导还可以与其他军事设备集成，如无人机、战车等，进一步提升作战效能。

4.2 航空导航在航空领域，威德福旋导可以为飞行员提供精确的飞行导航和位置信息。