2020高考英语语法填空高频考点之非谓语动词解析
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高考语法填空抢分热点之非谓语动词养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。
一、考点精讲非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词-ing形式(现在分词和动名词)和过去分词,是高考热点。
但学生分不清现在分词和进行时态,过去分词和被动语态,对动词不定式的运用也是模棱两可。
归根结底,学生不会分辨“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”。
这还要从根上解决,首先要弄清楚句子种类。
句子按结构分,分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
1.简单句。
由一个谓语动词或并列的谓语动词构成的句子是简单句。
也就是说,一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词或并列的谓语动词(省略句除外)。
谓语动词指的就是动词的时态(一般现在时、一般过去时......)和语态(一般现在时的被动语态、一般过去时的被动语态......)。
例如:(1)He leaves home for school at 6 every morning.(leaves是谓语动词)每天早上他六点钟离开家去上学。
(2)The plane takes off at 11:40 and arrives in Shanghai at 1:30.(takes off和arrives是并列的谓语动词)飞机十一点四十起飞,一点半抵达上海。
(3)The company was set up in 2012.(was set up一般过去时的被动语态,是句子的谓语动词)这家公司是2012年成立的。
2.并列句。
并列句是指由并列连词and、but、or等把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。
即:简单句+并列连词+简单句。
常见的并连连词:and(和)、but(但是)、or(或者;否定句中的“和”;否则)、so(所以)。
高考英语语法考点难点解析:非谓语动词做定语非谓语动词做定语直接修饰名词的成分称为定语,一般由形容词或名词担当,也可以分别由不定式、分词或动名词等非谓语动词来担当。
那么如何区别并正确使用非谓语动词呢?NON-FINITES1. 现在分词与过去分词的区别我们知道非谓语动词都源于及物和不及物两种谓语动词,要了解现在分词与过去分词的区别就要从谓语动词的基本属性开始。
1)及物动词(v.t.)及物动词的主语我们称为动作的发出者(sender),宾语称为动作的承受者(receiver)。
例如:The news surprised动词+ing (发出者) 及物动词v.t.the students.动词+ed (承受者)Surprise是及物动词,在使用surprise这个动词的非谓语分词形式时,修饰动作发出者news 用现在分词形式(动词+ing),修饰动作的承受者用过去分词形式(动词+ed)。
●They are talking about the surprising news. (surprising做定语修饰发出者news)The news is surprising. (surprising做表语修饰发出者news)They are talking about the surprised students. (surprised做定语修饰承受者students)The students are surprised. (surprised做表语修饰承受者students)再来看几个例子:●exciting games激烈精彩的比赛, excited spectators激情振奋的观众●disappointing results令人沮丧的结果, disappointed people大失所望的人们●exhausting work令人疲惫不堪的工作, exhausted workers筋疲力尽的工人●moving stories感人肺腑的故事, moved students感激涕零的学生从以上例子可见,现在分词和过去分词都可以用作形容词来修饰名词,修饰动作发出者用现在分词,修饰动作承受者用过去分词。
“三三三”分析法,巧解英语高考语法填空题必考重难点:非谓语动词◆翟向红惠㊀莉(山东省昌邑市第一中学)【摘要】非谓语动词是高中阶段难度较大的语法点之一,高考语法填空题当中非谓语动词的得分率不高。
找到高效的非谓语动词解题思路,是非常有必要的。
提出了解决这一难题的“三三三”分析法,旨在从非谓语动词的“三”种基本形式,非谓语动词所充当的但容易出错的“三”种句子成分和非谓语动词所出现的“三”种句型这三个方面,由简到繁,由表及里地分析语法填空题当中非谓语动词的解题思路。
这一难题的解决将会帮助学生从心理上打消对语法学习的恐惧心理,让学生更好地理解长难句,从而提升英语成绩。
【关键词】非谓语动词语法填空题“三三三”分析法一、出现的问题非谓语动词是学生在高中阶段最难理解、最容易出错也是最重要的语法点之一。
同时,这一语法点也成为众多英语教师在高中语法教学中很难突破的瓶颈。
从近几年的高考题来看,语法填空题当中非谓语动词的考查越来越被重视,难度也越来越大,但得分率却一直不高。
所以找到一条易接受、见效快、化繁为简的非谓语动词解题思路,已是迫在眉睫、势在必行。
二、解决的策略为了攻克这一难题,我们总结了历年来的教学经验,分析了成功的亮点和不足的短板,结合新课标、新高考的要求,根据学生的实际学情,制定出了一套系统合理、实用高效的非谓语动词解题方法,即“三三三”分析法。
所谓的“三三三”,指的是非谓语动词的“三”种基本形式,非谓语动词所充当的但容易出错的“三”种句子成分和非谓语动词所出现的“三”种句型。
下面我们来具体分析解题思路。
第一步:了解非谓语动词的“三”种基本形式。
纵观近几年的高考题,非谓语动词的考查虽然在难度上有所提升,但考查的仍然是非谓语动词的三种一般形式,即d o i n g,d o n e,t od o。
虽然进行式和完成式也偶尔有所涉及,但不是考查的主流,故本文不作赘述。
d o i n g强调主动和正在进行;d o n e强调被动和完成;t od o强调表将来或表目的。
2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析22 非谓语动词(五)考点八 非谓语动词的时态非谓语动词和动词一样,也有时态和语态的变化,见下表(以do 为例):主动被动一般式to do to be done 进行式to be doing 不定式完成式to have done to have been done 一般式doing being done 动名词现在分词完成式having done having been done过去分词done 1.非谓语动词的时态:非谓语动词的动作与句子谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在其后,非谓语动用一般式;非谓语动词的动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前,非谓语动词用完成式。
1. Many Chinese brands, __________their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market. (2017江苏)A. having developedB. being developedC. developedD. developing【答案】A【解析】这里是非谓语动词作非限制性定语。
逻辑主语bands 与develop 是主动关系,且非谓语动词的动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前,故用现在分词的完成式。
2. ______ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. (2015天津)A. To workB. WorkedC. To be workingD. Having worked【答案】D【解析】这里是分词作时间状语,逻辑主语Steve 与work 之间是主动关系,且分词的动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前,故用现在分词的完成式。
3. ________ the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. (2014福建)A. SpendingB. SpentC. Having spentD. To spend【答案】C【解析】这里是分词作原因状语,逻辑主语Linda与spend之间是主动关系,且分词的动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前,故用现在分词的完成式。
【非谓语动词】【考纲解读】近几年对于非谓语动词的句法功能考查越来越多,尤其是语篇填空和改错题型考查较多,甚至在完形填空的选项中也多有涉及。
首先需要考生了解非谓语动词的基本形式及其时态和语态的变化形式;其次,需要考生牢固掌握非谓语动词的语法功能和非谓语动词题目的解题思路,并能在具体的语境中正确运用。
【命题趋势】1. 近年来对非谓语动词的考查较多的关注与语境的结合,尽管出发点还是仍是非谓语动词的基本用法,这种考查形式是在理解语境和句意的基础上设置的。
2. 今后非谓语动词的考查依然占有较高的比重,尤其是非谓语动词做定语和状语的用法,同时试题设置将会继续结合语境,难度适中。
3. 高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出,所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有:现在分词和过去分词基础知识;现在分词和过去分词句法功能;现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析;现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成;现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。
4. 动词不定式的考查主要集中在一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能;对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。
【名师指导】1.非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。
非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。
对非谓语动词类考题,解题时首先要通过句子结构判断出是否是非谓语动词,找准相关动词的逻辑主语,再通过分析句子成分判断应使用哪种非谓语动词。
例如:作主语、宾语用动名词或动词不定式;作状语常用分词:目的状语常用动词不定式,伴随状语则常用现在分词等。
2.确定为非谓语动词后,再观察非谓语动词与被修饰词之间的主动、被动关系以及动作发生的时间,由此判断出正确的时态、语态形式。
非谓语动词与被修饰词之间是主动关系,常用现在分词、动词不定式或动名词的一般式;是被动关系,则用过去分词、-ing形式或动词不定式的被动式;如果非谓语的动作比谓语先(或先很久)发生,那么非谓语动词要用完成式(to have done/to have be en done/ having done/ Having been done),否则我们要用非谓语的一般式(to do / to be done / doing / being done / done)。
如何解决非谓语动词?非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要部分,也是语法填空的必考点。
非谓语动词包括不定式、过去分词、动词-ing形式(包括现在分词、动名词)。
主要考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构、分析句子成分的能力。
近年来高考越来越倾向于通过增加试题难度来考查考生对非谓语动词的掌握情况,难度有所上升。
做题的时候,如果看到括号里给的是动词,请先仔细阅读句子,观察结构,判断使用什么形式。
若划线处应填非谓语动词(即句中已有谓语动词,也不是作并列谓语动词或从句谓语动词),先判断所作成分,之后再考虑运用何种形式。
非谓语动词的形式及句法功能I作状语非谓语作状语时,其逻辑主语是句子的主语。
1.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语,与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系(主动)。
His parents died, leaving him an orphan. 他的父母去世了,他成了孤儿。
2.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语,与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系(被动)。
Seriously injured, she has to be sent to hospital at once.她受了重伤,必须马上送往医院。
[注意] 主动、被动最好不要通过汉语意思来理解,判断时考虑动词及物不及物。
部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动,而表示一种状态。
需要作为词组特别记忆。
常见的词和短语有:located, seated, hidden, lost/absorbed/buried in, dressed in, tired of, faced with。
3.不定式作状语(1)作目的状语,意为“为了;以便”。
To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.为了享受数字支付的便利,许多老年人开始使用智能。
(2)用于only to do结构中,作结果状语。
2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析19 非谓语动词(二)考点二非谓语动词作宾语5. 用动名词的一些结构(这些结构中动名词一般作宾语)只能用动名词的结构有:be busy/through/worth, be used/accustomed to (习惯于…), look forward to, get down to, turn to, feel like, give up, can’t help, what/how about, devote…to, prefer…to…, havedi fficulty/trouble/problem/fun/a good/hard time, There is no use/need/good, It’s no use, when it comes to等。
1.I didn't mean _________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it. (2018天津)A.to eat;to tryB. eating;tryingC. eating;to tryD. to eat;trying【答案】D【解析】mean后接动名词表示“意味着”,后接不定式表示“意图,打算”;can’t help doing表示“情不自禁想做”,由句意“我本没打算吃东西,但冰激凌看上去这么诱人,我就情不自禁地想尝一尝。
” 可知选D。
2. When it comes to ________ in public, no one can match him. (2014江西)A. speakB. speakingC. being spokenD. be spoken【答案】B【解析】when it comes to doing表示“说到做……”;speak表示“说”时是不及物动词,故用主动式。
三观一统十年高考真题精解02 非谓语动词十年树木,百年树人,十年磨一剑。
本专辑按照最新2020年考纲,对近十年高考真题精挑细选,去伪存真,挑选符合最新考纲要求的真题,按照考点/考向同类归纳,难度分层精析,对全国卷Ⅰ具有重要的应试性和导向性。
三观指的观三题(观母题、观平行题、观扇形题),一统指的是统一考点/考向,并对十年真题进行标灰(调整不考或低频考点标灰色)。
(一)2020考纲(二)本节考向题型研究汇总考向题型研究一:语法填空(考点1-非谓语动词作状语)1.(2019全国I卷)Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ______ (perform) consistently over a large area.【答案】to perform【解析】考查非谓语动词。
主系表结构之后,常用不定式作原因或目的状语,句意:跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用,并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的,故此处用to perform。
2. (2019·北京卷)Nervously _____ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.【答案】facing【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。
分析句式可知,此处是做句子的状语,要用非谓语动词,其逻辑主语是I,与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,用现在分词作状语。
故填facing。
1. 【2018·全国II】Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ______ (improve) water quality.【答案】考查非谓语动词。
高考英语语法非谓语动词解析一. 非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式,其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语,综合这两点,我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
二. 非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。
具体如下:1. 不定式①基本形式:to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)②被动式:to be done(表示被动,并且一般表示将来)③进行式:to be doing (表示主动和进行)④完成时:to have done(表示主动和完成)⑤完成被动式:to have been done(表示被动和完成)⑥完成进行式:to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)例如:The teacher told us to do morning exercises .老师让我们做早操。
The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。
She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时,她假装正在读书。
The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。
The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里,她一直在这家工厂工作。
2. 动名词①基本形式:doing (表示主动)②被动式:being done(表示被动)③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)例如:Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未来,普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
高考英语语法填空高频考点之非谓语动词非谓语动词一直以来都是高考英语语法填空题的必考点。
现将非谓语动词这个考点以单句形式呈现,以便于同学们进行专项练习。
1.(encourage) by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. 答案:Encouraged非谓语-被动wind farms 风电场2. (approach) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.答案:Approaching非谓语-主动,伴随3. He had a wonderful childhood, (travel) with his mother to all corners of the world.答案:Traveling/Travelling非谓语-主动,伴随4. (look) at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.答案:Looking非谓语-主动,伴随5. The lady walked around the shops, (keep) an eye out for bargains.答案:keeping非谓语-主动,伴随6.I have a lot of readings (complete) before the end of this term.答案:to complete非谓语-目的7. It rained heavily in the south,(cause) serious flooding in several provinces.答案:causing非谓语-主动,伴随8. A great number of students (question) said they were forced to practise the piano.答案:questioned非谓语-被动9. Mrs.White showed her students some old maps (borrow) from the library.答案:borrowed 非谓语-被动10. With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank(buy) presents for my dad.答案:to buy 非谓语-目的11. (see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.答案:Seen非谓语-被动12. With the government’s aid, those(affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. 答案:affected非谓语-被动13. (complete) the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.答案:to complete 非谓语-目的14. The news shocked the public, (lead) to great concern about students’ safety at school.答案:l eading 非谓语-主动,伴随15. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ( send) supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.答案:sending 非谓语-主动,伴随16. (bite) twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. 答案:Bitten非谓语-被动17. (remind) not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. 答案:Reminded非谓语-被动18. (give) the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow the international stars. 答案:G iven非谓语-被动19. The children all turned (look) at the famous actress as she entered the classroom.答案:to look 非谓语-目的20. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, (kill) all four people on board. 答案:kill ing 非谓语-主动,伴随21.Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, (compare) with his old one.答案:compared非谓语-被动22. — Did the book give the information you needed?— Yes. But (find) it,I had to read the entire book. 答案:to find 非谓语-目的23. (throw) their hats into the air,the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. 答案:Throw ing 非谓语-主动,伴随24. We finished the run in less than half the time (allow).答案:allowed非谓语-被动25. The trees (blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.答案:blown非谓语-被动26. (complete) the project as planned,we’ll have to work two more hours a day.答案:To complete 非谓语-目的27.I’m tired out.I stayed up the whole night, (study) for my midterm math exam.答案:study ing 非谓语-主动,伴随28. (raise) people’s living standards, the central government will take more measures in the coming years. 答案:To raise非谓语-目的29. He told me to start early, (remind) me that the roads would be crowded.答案:remind ing 非谓语-主动,伴随30. (import) from other countries, sand painting is now being recognized in China for its uniqueness and creativity. 答案:Imported非谓语-被动31.(live) in the country, we had few social activities.答案:Liv ing 非谓语-主动,伴随32. She seems to prefer (watch) American TV Shows to talking to me.答案:watch ing 非谓语-动名词-主动33.(control) her emotion, she buried her face in her hands.答案:To control非谓语-目的34. The reporter apologized for any misunderstandings (cause) by his article on that film star. 答案:caused非谓语-被动35. (lower) the housing price, several measures have been adopted in the last two years. 答案:To lover非谓语-目的36. Programmes, (design) to bring the old and the young together, are growing in popularity all over the world.答案:designed非谓语-被动37. (gain) valuable experience, he asked to be sent to remote areas.答案:To gain非谓语-目的38. The seats (reserve) for children and seniors are right at the front of the buses. 答案:reserved非谓语-被动39.Many things such as going abroad and owning a car, (consider) impossible in the past, are now very common.答案:considered非谓语-被动40. After a long absence, I went back to college, (hope) to pick up where I’d left off.答案:hop ing 非谓语-主动,伴随41. Was it (hold) the international conference that made the city the focus of this area? 答案:hold ing 非谓语-主动,主语,强调句型It is/was....... that.....42. I’m sorry I was late. (make) up for it, let me treat you to a meal.答案:To make非谓语-目的43. (save) power, turn off the hot water after you are done showering.答案:To save非谓语-目的44. A person, when (challenge), can often do what is normally beyond his ability. 答案:challenged非谓语-被动45. (offer) a better position at IBM, he became more and more confident of his ability.答案:Offered非谓语-被动46. Today, people are paying more and more attention to their health, (make) books on keeping healthy extremely hot.答案:mak ing 非谓语-主动,伴随47. More than a quarter of the energy (use) in the United States goes to moving people and goods from one place to another.答案:used非谓语-被动48. The reporter apologized for any misunderstandings (cause) by his article on that film star. 答案:caused非谓语-被动49. Some seemingly harmless blogs might become harmful when (read) on the Internet by millions of people. 答案:read非谓语-被动(不规则动词)50. Not (impress) with the quality of your goods, I will certainly not advise others to buy them.答案:impressed非谓语-被动参考答案1. Encouraged2. Approaching3.Traveling/Travelling4. Looking5. keeping6. to complete7. causing8. questioned9. borrowed10. to buy 11. Seen 12. affected 13. To complete 14. leading 15. sending16. Bitten 17. Reminded 18. Given 19. to look 20. killing 21. compared22. to find 23. Throwing 24. allowed 25. blown26. To complete27. studying 28. To raise 29. reminding 30. Imported 31. Living 32. watching 33. To control 34. caused 35. To lower 36. designed 37. To gain 38. reserved 39. considered 40. hoping 41. holding 42. To make 43. To save 44. challenged 45. Offered 46. making 47. used 48. caused 49. read 50. impressed。