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微波固相多肽合成仪介绍微波固相多肽合成仪（Microwave-Assisted Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesizer）是一种用于合成多肽的高效工具。
它结合了微波辐射和固相合成技术，能够在短时间内合成出高纯度的多肽。
本文将详细介绍微波固相多肽合成仪的原理、优势以及应用。
原理微波固相多肽合成仪利用微波辐射加速多肽的合成过程。
传统的固相合成方法中，反应物在室温下通过长时间的反应来合成多肽。
而微波固相多肽合成仪利用微波辐射的特性，可以在较短的时间内完成合成反应，大大提高了合成效率。
微波辐射能够加速反应物分子之间的碰撞，增加反应速率。
在微波固相多肽合成仪中，多肽合成的过程主要分为三步：活化、耦合和脱保护。
在每一步反应中，微波辐射能够加速反应物的转化，从而缩短了反应时间。
优势微波固相多肽合成仪相比传统的多肽合成方法具有许多优势：1.高效：微波辐射能够加速反应速率，使得多肽的合成时间大大缩短，提高了合成效率。
2.高纯度：微波固相多肽合成仪能够合成高纯度的多肽，减少了杂质的产生。
3.可控性：微波固相多肽合成仪可以通过调节微波辐射的功率和时间来控制反应的进程，使得合成过程更加可控。
4.自动化：微波固相多肽合成仪可以实现自动化合成，减少了操作人员的工作量。
应用微波固相多肽合成仪在生物医药领域具有广泛的应用前景：1.药物研发：多肽药物在治疗癌症、糖尿病等疾病方面具有潜在的应用价值。
微波固相多肽合成仪能够高效地合成出多肽药物，加速药物研发过程。
2.蛋白质工程：微波固相多肽合成仪可以用于合成蛋白质的片段，进一步进行蛋白质工程研究。
3.生物标记物：微波固相多肽合成仪可以合成出具有特定功能的多肽，用于生物标记物的研究。
4.抗体研究：微波固相多肽合成仪可以合成出抗体的结构域，用于抗体的研究和应用。
操作步骤使用微波固相多肽合成仪进行多肽合成的操作步骤如下：1.准备反应器：将反应器放入微波固相多肽合成仪中，加入合适的溶剂和固相载体。
微波水热合成仪微波水热合成仪是一种利用微波辐射和高压水热技术进行化学反应的设备。
它可以在较短时间内完成化学反应，并且具有高效、环保等优点，因此在化学合成领域得到广泛应用。
以下将从工作原理、结构组成、使用方法、优缺点等方面进行详细介绍。
一、工作原理微波水热合成仪利用微波辐射和高压水热技术进行化学反应。
当样品置于微波场中时，由于其分子具有极性和离子性，会受到微波电场的作用而产生分子振动和摩擦作用，使其分子内部能量迅速升高，并在短时间内达到高温状态。
同时，在高压水热条件下，样品与溶液中的其他物质发生反应，从而完成化学反应。
二、结构组成微波水热合成仪主要由以下组件组成：1. 微波发生器：产生微波电场，使样品产生分子振动和摩擦作用。
2. 反应腔体：容纳样品和溶液的容器，在高压水热条件下完成化学反应。
3. 控制系统：控制微波功率、温度、压力等参数，保证反应的稳定性和安全性。
4. 冷却系统：冷却反应后的样品和溶液，以保证操作者的安全。
三、使用方法1. 样品准备：将需要合成的化合物粉末或溶液加入反应腔体中，并加入适量溶剂。
2. 调节参数：根据反应条件调节微波功率、温度、压力等参数，并启动微波发生器。
3. 反应过程：在高压水热条件下进行化学反应，一般需要数分钟至数小时不等。
4. 冷却处理：待反应结束后，关闭微波发生器和冷却系统，并将样品取出进行冷却处理。
四、优缺点1. 优点：(1) 高效快速：微波辐射和高压水热技术可以在较短时间内完成化学反应，提高了合成效率和速度。
(2) 环保节能：微波水热合成仪能够减少有机溶剂的使用量，降低环境污染和能源消耗。
(3) 可控性强：通过调节微波功率、温度、压力等参数，可以精确控制反应过程，提高反应的稳定性和重复性。
(4) 适用范围广：微波水热合成仪可以用于有机合成、无机合成、材料制备等领域，具有广泛的应用前景。
2. 缺点：(1) 设备价格较高：微波水热合成仪的价格相对较高，对实验室经费要求较高。
微波加热在原子转移自由基聚合中的应用研究进展王玲;丁伟;栾和鑫;曲广淼;于涛【摘要】综述了微波辅助原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)反应在高分子的本体、溶液及合成功能性高分子中的应用进展.分析微波对原子转移自由基聚合反应转化率、表观速率常数、相对分子质量及其分布、聚合物结构和性能的影响,指出微波可大大降低聚合反应时间与能耗.并对微波加热在原子转移自由基聚合反应的研究工作提出建议和展望.【期刊名称】《精细石油化工进展》【年(卷),期】2012(013)011【总页数】5页(P32-35,39)【关键词】微波;原子转移自由基聚合;聚合物【作者】王玲;丁伟;栾和鑫;曲广淼;于涛【作者单位】东北石油大学化学化工学院大庆163318;东北石油大学化学化工学院大庆163318;东北石油大学化学化工学院大庆163318;东北石油大学化学化工学院大庆163318;东北石油大学化学化工学院大庆163318【正文语种】中文微波加热与传统外加热方式相比，其加热效率显著提高，因其直接作用于所有介质分子，使整个物料同时被加热，没有温度梯度和滞后效应。
与紫外线、Χ射线、γ射线、电子束等高能辐射相比，微波对高分子材料的作用深度大，设备投资及运行费用低，防护较简便，具有操作简便、清洁、高效、安全等特性［1］。
自由基聚合具有反应条件温和，适用单体广泛，合成工艺多样，操作简便，工业化成本低等优点;活性聚合具有无终止、无转移、引发速率远远大于链增长速率等特点，是实现分子设计、合成具有特定结构和性能聚合物的重要手段［2］。
原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)集自由基聚合与活性聚合的优点于一体，是目前为止最具工业化应用前景的“活性”/可控自由基聚合之一。
传统的ATRP体系存在催化剂用量大，反应时间长，反应温度高等缺点。
自1995年ATRP问世至今，国内外学者针对ATRP体系的缺点做了大量研究工作，包括对 ATRP 引发体系［3，4］、催化体系［5－7］、可适应单体种类［8］、反应温度［9，10］和反应介质［11，12］的优化研究。
表面活性剂月桂酰二乙醇胺的微波合成姚凯;袁霖;胡婷;袁先友;贾国凯;陶柳;刘佳【摘要】In this paper, lauroyl diethanolamine was synthesized by diethanolamine and methyl laurate catalyzed by KOH under microwave irradiation. Methyl laurate was prepared through the esterification of methanol with lauric acid which was purified from litsea cubeba kernel oil. The effect of factors on the yield were studied and the optimun reaction conditions were found. They are as follows: reaction temperature 170 ℃, reaction time 60 min, the amount of catalyst is one percent of the quality of methyl laurate, molar ratio of methyl laurate to diethanolamine is 1.6:1. Under this condition, The conversion rate of diethanolamine was 85.12%. The product was characterized by IR.% 探讨了以从山苍籽核仁油中提取出的月桂酸制得的月桂酸甲酯在微波辐射下，用 KOH 作为催化剂与二乙醇胺反应合成月桂酰二乙醇胺。
对月桂酸甲酯与二乙醇胺反应条件进行优化，其优化条件为：反应温度170℃、反应时间60 min、催化剂用量为月桂酸甲酯质量的1%，脂胺摩尔比为1.6∶1。
© Biotage 2020Microwave SynthesisFourth Generation Systems2Microwave Synthesis – Fourth Generation Systems© Biotage 2020Speeding up reactions has never been easier. Biotage microwave synthesizers are the first-choice tools for organic chemists who need to accelerate their production of new compounds.Diverse Exploration and Fast ResultsA Common Goal for Modern Chemistry LabsCONTENTS2 Diverse Exploration and Fast Results3 Microwave Vials4 Biotage ® Initiator+6 Biotage ®Initiator Robot Eight & Robot Sixty 7 Ordering InformationMicrowave heating is by far the superior choice for synthesizingnovel compounds and can offer advantages other than just speed. Working at temperatures and pressures not attainable through traditional heating, it allows chemists to perform reactions previously not possible.Discover the Advantages of Microwave SynthesisWhy Wait Hours, or Even Days, for Results?Simply by increasing temperature, microwave synthesis can complete reactions up to a thousand times faster than traditional reflux conditions.Why Limit the Range of Experiments?Quickly test your creative synthetic ideas and rapidly synthesize compounds of interest to fill gaps in your structure activity relationship (SAR). Reduce the iterative SAR cycle-time and increase productivity for the entire project team.Don’t Waste Time Supervising the Synthesis ProcessBiotage microwave systems are predictable, reliable and safe. Each instrument has precise control of time, temperature and pressure to ensure that methods are reproducible and easily transferred or scaled up. Systems are also available with reliable automation and will run an entire sequence without manual intervention.Will the Microwave Fit Into Your Process, Hood Space and Budget?Chemical synthesis has never been easier. Simply put the reaction mixture into the vial, cap it, insert the vial into the microwave, key in the reaction parameter, and run. The latest generation of microwave synthesis systems are compact,easy to use and very affordable.Introduction3Microwave VialsHigh Precision Glass VialsDurable and safe reactions at all times. Our highprecision microwave vials are designed and tested to withstand pressures beyond 30 bar in a wide range of conditions.Simplicity is one of the benefits of modern microwave equip-ment. Reactions are performed in glass vials sealed with caps and heated in the microwave cavity.Magnetic Stir BarsThe reaction mixture is continuously blended by magnetic stirring promoting homogenous heating throughout.Optimum Vial SizesMigrate directly to multi-gram scale without re-optimization* using the 10–20 mL vials. These larger vials can also be used for preparation of scaffolds and intermediates or for generating larger quantities of active compounds for testing.Each Biotage microwave vial has been designed for safe and efficient heating within its specified volume range. Together, the four vial types provide full scalability within the volume range 0.2–20 mL. Methods that are run at a lower volume are directly transferrable across the entire volume range of 0.2–20 mL.Features and Advantages»Reseal™ design allows the septum to beresealed after it has been penetrated for repeated additions of reagents or in-situ sampling.»Manufactured from contaminantfree microwave-safe glass.»Magnetic stirring promotes homogenoustemperature distribution.»Available sizes: 0.2–0.5 mL, 0.5–2.0 mL,2.0–5.0 mL and 10–20 mL.Biotage’s microwave vials are available in four sizes: 0.2–0.5 mL; 0.5–2.0 mL; 2.0–5.0 mL and 10–20 mL.*Biotage Microwave Vials 10–20 mL, cannot be used with temperatures above 250 °C and/or pressures above 20 bar.4Microwave Synthesis – Fourth Generation Systems© Biotage 2020Results can be emailed directly to the user after a run, ordownloaded through the USB port at the front of the instrument.FlexibleControlled temperatures and pressures up to 300 °C and 30 bar open new possibilities to complete difficult reactions. Even low boiling point solvents can now be run at higher temperatures. The system automatically senses and performs reactions at their highest possible temperatures.The Initiator+ supports all Biotage vials from 0.2 to 20 mL,delivering greater flexibility and direct scale-up from milligrams to grams. The four different vial sizes can be used in any order or combination without system modifications.The single-mode applicator and the Dynamic Field Tuning™ features offer faster and more powerful heating (400 W) of a broader range of solvents. The setting for low microwave absorbing solvents enhances the heating for e.g. toluene and 1, 4-dioxane.Press the large touch-screen and heat your organic reagents to 300 °C in just a few seconds. TheInitiator+ does just that, and adds intelligent features that make innovation fast, reliable and safe.The Biotage Initiator+ represents a new generation of synthe-sizer instruments for organic, medicinal, materials, nano and polymer chemistry professionals. It is an upgradeable and reliable platform allowing chemists to make great discoveries in less time.Easy to OperateInitiator+ facilitates the transition from traditional methods to microwave enhanced techniques. Learning microwave synthesis is fast and pleasant with the Initiator+. The large touch screen display makes the experience user friendly from set-up toresults. The built-in wizard guides the user through experiment set-up step by step and helps converting conventional condi-tions to microwave synthesis parameters.Biotage ®Initiator+Fourth Generation Microwave SynthesizerLargest screen on the market, with intuitive user interface and touch control.High grade aluminum casing for maximum robustness.Additional communications ports allows for remote control and monitoring.The reaction vessel is secured with a triple-tier safety lock to ensure maximum operator safety at all times.Easy access cover enables quick maintenance.USB port for quick transfer of results and methods.UpgradableEach compound synthesis has unique demands. A rangeof accessories are available to increase automation for higher throughput.Connecting the SP Wave module and the Robot Eight kit will transform this instrument into a microwave assisted peptide synthesizer, extending the scope of discoveries beyond small molecules.The novel vortex mixing unit ensures gentle but thorough homogeneous heat distribution. With the optional fiber optic probe, reaction temperature can be monitored inside the vial for even better visibility.Best-in-Class SafetyIn the early days of microwave synthesis, bursting vials were a menace. All Biotage microwave synthesizers are designed with a triple-tier safety lock for safe operation at elevated temperatures and pressures.Features and Advantages»300 °C controlled reaction temperature »30 bar controlled reaction pressure»Large 10” touchscreen»Modular automation solutions»Guided step-by-step wizard»In situ temperature measurement»Upgradable to run peptide synthesis»Safe and simple»Utilizes all Biotage vials, from 0.2 to 20 mL »Remote monitoringAccessories»Modules for automation (p. 6)»Vials (p. 3)»Peptide liquid handlersSpecificationsHeating ProcessTemperature range40–300 °CHeating rate Typically 2–5 °C/s depending on solventand power appliedReaction time Up to 96 hours. Typically, most reactionsrequire 2–15 minutes of irradiation.Pressure range0–30 bar (3 MPa; 435 psi)Power range0–400 W from magnetron at 2.45 GHzReaction volumes0.2–20 mLAgitation Variable magnetic stirrer (300–900 RPM)UpgradesUpgradable with Robot Eight and Robot SixtyProcessing capacity8 or 60 vials (with robot upgrade)Rack capacity 2 x 2 or 2 x 12 vials (large); 2 x 4 or 2 x30 vials (small)Technical specs.Electrical supply100–240V~, 50/60HzMax. power consumed1100 VACooling Pressurized air supply: >60 L/min (2.1cubic feet/min), 2.5–4.0 bar (0.25–0.40MPa; 36–58 psi)Weight21 kg (46.2 lbs)Dimensions (WxDxH)365 x 422 x 421 mm (14.4”x 16.6” x 16.6”)Max sound level70 dB(A)InterfacesTouch screen10.4”Ethernet LAN Complies with IEEE 802.3 (ANSI 8802-3)USB USB 3.0Archiving/back-up Via USBPrinting Via LANCertifications CE, CSA certified56Microwave Synthesis – Fourth Generation Systems© Biotage 2020The Initiator+ can be upgraded from a single-sample manual format to an automated 8- or 60-position system. The modular design allows a user to add on different automated sample processors dependent on throughput requirements.The 8-position sample bed gives the user a compact auto m ation solution to start scale-up process and library build-up. The 8-position system is useful in a multi-userenvironment or for queuing multiple reactions. Flexible opera-tion enables the use of both large and small vials in combina-tion at any time and in any order without manual intervention.The 60-position sample bed supports the production of focused libraries, multi-user environments and scale-out,and use of both large and small vials in any order without manual intervention.Biotage ®Initiator Robot Eight & Robot SixtyIntelligent AutomationSpecificationsSample processor Robot Eight/Robot Sixty Processing capacity 8 vials/60 vials Rack capacity (large) 2x2 vials/2x12 vials Rack capacity (small) 2x4 vials/2x30 vialsVial sizes0.2–0.5; 0.5–2; 2–5; 10–20 mL,Operating temperature 18–32 °C Storage temperature -25 °C to 60 °CHumidity 20–95% at room temperature Electrical supply Supplied by Initiator CertificationsCE, CSA certifiedWeight & Dimensions (WxDxH)Initiator+ Eight 28 kg (61.7 lbs)Initiator+ Sixty 34 kg (75 lbs)Initiator+ Eight 400 x 500 x 580 mm (15.7" x 19.7" x 22.8")Initiator+ Sixty625 x 422 x 470 mm (24.6" x 16.6" x 18.5")Ordering InformationProduct Part number InstrumentsInitiator+ Microwave System356700 Initiator+ Microwave Systemwith Robot Eight356702Initiator+ Microwave Systemwith Robot Sixty356703RobotsRobot Eight355380 Robot Sixty355381 Microwave Vials0.2–0.5 mL, qty. 100 3554580.2–0.5 mL, qty. 300 3556270.2–0.5 mL, qty. 500 3556280.5–2 mL, qty. 100 3520160.5–2 mL, qty. 300 3546250.5–2 mL, qty. 500 3556292–5 mL, qty. 100 3515212–5 mL, qty. 300 3546242–5 mL, qty. 500 35563010–20 mL, qty. 50 35483310–20 mL, qty. 100 35563110–20 mL, qty. 250 355632 Microwave vial caps and stir bars are included with vial orderOrdering informationProduct Part number AccessoriesSP Wave Module356013Vial caps included reseal septa, qty. 100 352298Manual cap crimper 353671Manual cap remover 353913Vial adapter 0.2–0.5 mL, qty. 10 355459Vial adapter 10–20 mL, qty. 12 355367O-rings 10–20 mL adapter, qty. 10 354838Vial rack Initiator 8, holds (4) 0.2–5 mL vials 355391Vial rack Initiator 8, holds (2) 10–20 mL vials 355390Vial rack Initiator 60, holds (30) 0.2–5 mL vials 353478Vial rack Initiator 60, holds (12) 10–20 mL vials 354798Stir bars 0.2–0.5 mL, qty. 25 355545Stir bars 0.5–2 mL, qty. 25 355544Stir bars 2–5 mL, qty. 25 355543Stir bars 10–20 mL, qty. 5 353930Waste Tray355366Biotage® Initiator+ SP WaveFurther UpgradingUpgrade from anInitiator+ by connectingthe SPWave peptidesynthesis module andthe Robot Eight kit toperform microwaveassisted peptidesynthesis with vortexmixing.For more information, please refer to the Peptide SynthesisWorkflow brochure (PPS446), available at .7© Biotage 2020Your Complete Partner forEffective ChemistryBiotage is a worldwide supplier ofinstruments and accessories designed to facilitate the work of laboratory chemists. With our deep knowledge of the industry, academic contacts and in-house R&D teams, we can deliver the best solutions to your challenges. We take great pride in our flexibility and ability to meet our customer’s individual needs. With strong foundations in both analytical and organic chemistry, we can offer the widest range of solutions available on the market.Literature Number: PPS299.v5© 2020 Biotage. All rights reserved. No material may be reproduced or published without the written permission of Biotage. Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent any commitment from Biotage. E&OE. A list of all trademarks owned by Biotage AB is available at /legal. 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