非谓语做定、状、补
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非谓语动词作定语和宾语补足语总结非谓语动词是指不带有谓语成分的动词形式,包括动词不定式、动名词和现在分词、过去分词。
在句子中,非谓语动词可以用作定语和宾语补足语,用于修饰名词或补充说明动作的情况。
本文将对非谓语动词作定语和宾语补足语的用法进行总结。
一、非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词作定语时,通常与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的主动或被动关系。
常见的用法有以下几种:1. 动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语时,说明所修饰名词的用途、目的、结果等。
常见结构为“名词 + 不定式”,不定式可以是带to的原形,也可以是不带to的原形。
例如:- 他有个完全实现梦想的机会。
- 这个女孩太害羞了,从不和人交流。
2. 动名词作定语动名词作定语时,表示该名词的用途、目的、结果等。
常见结构为“动名词 + 名词”。
例如:- 听力训练是学习英语的重要环节。
- 这本书是关于如何提高写作技巧的。
3. 现在分词作定语现在分词作定语时,表示所修饰名词正在进行的动作或状态。
常见结构为“现在分词 + 名词”。
例如:- 拉着行李箱的女人是我的妈妈。
- 那个躺在床上的男孩是我的弟弟。
4. 过去分词作定语过去分词作定语时,表示所修饰名词已经完成的动作或状态。
常见结构为“过去分词 + 名词”。
例如:- 这本被翻阅过许多次的书籍是我的宝贝。
- 我看过的那部电影非常精彩。
二、非谓语动词作宾语补足语非谓语动词作宾语补足语时,用于补充说明宾语的动作或状态。
常见的用法有以下几种:1. 动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语时,说明宾语完成的动作。
常见的结构为“动词 + 宾语 + 不定式”。
例如:- 我喜欢听音乐。
- 她希望学好英语。
2. 动名词作宾语补足语动名词作宾语补足语时,表示宾语的动作或状态。
常见结构为“动词 + 宾语 + 动名词”。
例如:- 我通常喜欢读书。
- 他不值得你浪费时间。
3. 现在分词作宾语补足语现在分词作宾语补足语时,表示宾语正在进行的动作。
语法探究----非谓语动词(作主语,宾语,表语)主语宾语表语不定式(to do)否定形式:not to do 表示特定的某一次具体的动作。
①To finish thework in ten days isvery hard.②To change thewhole plan is verydifficult.{说明}有时可用it作形式主语,将作真正主语的不定式后置。
①It is very hard tofinish the work inten days.②It is very difficultto change thewhole plan.常跟在一些动词后作宾语,如decide/refuse/hope/agree/pretend/fail/manage/plan/ promise等①We agreed tomeet here.②He managed tocatch sight of somemountain goats.{说明}在下列结构中,用it作形式宾语而将作宾语的不定式后置。
find/think/consider it+adj. +to do③We thought itbetter to start early.④I find it hard to表示将来的打算或目的。
①His wish is to buya car in the nearfuture.他的愿望是在不久的将来买辆车。
②The next step isto make sure of thetime.下一步是把时间弄清楚。
work with him.--ing形式(doing)否定形式:not doing 表示经常性的抽象的行为。
①Swimming is abest sport insummer.②Living without anaim is like sailingwithout acompass(指南针).{说明}在下列句型中唱常用it作形式主语。
非谓语动词doing的用法总结
非谓语动词doing的用法总结如下:
1. 做主语:Doing exercises regularly helps improve physical fitness.
经常做运动有助于提高身体健康。
2. 做宾语:I enjoy doing yoga.
我喜欢做瑜伽。
3. 做定语:A living room is a place for doing various activities.
客厅是进行各种活动的地方。
4. 做补语:He kept on doing the same mistake.
他一直在犯着同样的错误。
5. 做状语:She left, doing her best to hide her tears.
她离开时,竭尽全力掩饰自己的眼泪。
6. 做同位语:Her favorite hobby, doing crossword puzzles, keeps her mind sharp.
她最喜欢的爱好——填字游戏,使她的头脑保持敏锐。
7. 做宾语补足语:We found him sitting alone in the park.
我们发现他独自坐在公园里。
总结:非谓语动词doing可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、定语、补语、状语、同位语以及宾语补足语的角色。
非谓语动词:Ving可以作主、宾、表、定、状、补成分Ved可以作表、定、状、补成分不定式(to do形式)可以作主、宾、表、定、状、补成分1、作定语时三者的区别:Ving强调动作正在进行(主动语态表主动进行,被动语态表被动进行)Ved表被动完成To do表即将发生的动作2、作宾补时的区别:Ving强调动作正在进行Ved强调被动完成To do强调将来或表意愿3、作表语时的区别:1)、Ving:具有名词意义的Ving作表语表明主语是什么;具有形容词意义的Ving作表语表明主语怎么样,译为“令人…..的”2)、Ved:用作表语的Ved的被动意味较弱,主要强调动作的完成,此时相当于一个形容词,用来表明主语所处的状态;表感觉的过去分词(如:surprised、excited等),常用作表语,表主语感到怎么样(此类动词常可以用“very”修饰);短暂性动词的Ved形式作表语,常放在Be动词或系动词之后,表示动作的不连续。
3)、不定式(to do):表愿望或即将发生的动作,常放在系动词或者be动词之后,更强调主语与标语结构的对等4、作状语时的区别:Ving可以充当以下的状语成分:时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随状语。
其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致,即句子主语为该非谓语动作的施行者。
Ved可以充当以下的状语成分:时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随状语。
句子主语为该非谓语动作的承受者To do可以充当以下的状语成分:原因、结果、目的状语比较:表时间、条件、让步、方式或伴随状语时:Ving-主语是分词动作的施行者;Ved-主语是分词动作的承受者表原因状语:Ving通常构成“being+形容词”的形式,类似系表结构,强调一种现状;Ved 句子主语是分词动作的承受者;to do只用于形容词之后表结果状语时:Ving引出来的是顺理成章的结果;不定式(to do)引出的是出乎意料的结果,并且其前常会有“only”、“just”修饰,并用“,”隔开。
作定语和状语的非谓语动词一、作定语1. 不定式一般表示将来的动作。
如:He is a very nice person to talk with.Edison was the first man to invent electric lights.2. -ing分词一般表示:1) 动作正在进行。
如:a sleeping child, developing countries2) 被修饰的名词的性质、特点等。
如:an interesting story, disappointing news3) 被修饰的名词的用途、性能等。
如:a swimming pool, a reading room3. 过去分词一般表示被动动作的完成或结束。
如:a broken cup, fallen leaves试比较:The meeting to be held tomorrow is important.The meeting being held tomorrow is important.The meeting held tomorrow is important.二、作状语:1. 不定式一般表示目的、结果等。
如:To learn English well, he bought many English books and tapes. (目的)He woke up to find the ground covered with snow. (结果)2.-ing分词和过去分词一般表示时间、原因、条件和伴随状况等。
如:Wandering in the street, I caught sight of a tailor’s shop. (时间)Turning left, you will get to the bookstore. (条件)Frightened at the sight, she screamed. (原因)They stood there talking about something.(伴随)试比较:He hurried to the railway station, hoping to catch the train.(伴随)He hurried to the railway station to catch the train.(目的)注:作状语时,不定式、-ing分词和过去分词的逻辑主语一般要和句子的主语一致。
非谓语动词作定状补一、非谓语动词作定语, 可转换为定语从句(一) 现在分词-ing或-ing短语作定语:表主动;表示正在进行的动作或经常性习惯性动作或状态。
1. 单个的-ing作定语位于被修饰名词之前。
1) a __________________(develop) country = a country _____________________ (发展中国家)2) a ___________(fall) tree = a tree ______________________ (一颗正倒下的树)3) the ____________( rise) sun = the sun _______________________ (正在升起的太阳)4) the _____________(remain) books= the books ____________________ (剩下的书)5) the _____________(boil) water = the water _______________________ (沸水)2. -ing短语作定语位于被修饰的名词之后。
1) The man ____________(stand) over there is director of the company.= The man who _____________________over there is director of the company.2)The bus ___________(come) along the road is meant for the children.= The bus that / which ________________________ along the road is meant for the children.3)There are a few boys _______________ (swim) in the river.= There are a few boys _______________________________________in the river.4)He lives in the house___________(face) (the) south.= He lives in the house that / which ___________(the) south.5)There were over 200,000 people ______________(read) my blog!=There were over 200,000 people who _______________my blog!6)Over time, this could make her a danger to people _____________(live) in the area.= Over time, this could make her a danger to people who ___________in the area.7)Today I have been photographing a crocodile _____________(swim) close to our boat, the Kingberley Quest, all day.= Today I have been photographing a crocodile that ______________________________ close to our boat, the Kingberley Quest, all day.8)This crocodile is used to passengers ____________(throw) food from boats and now she is becoming familiar with humans. =This crocodile is used to passengers ______________________food from boats and now she is becoming familiar with humans.9) The man __________________(come) to see him yesterday is his father.(二) 过去分词-ed作定语:表被动或表示已经完成。
语法填空之非谓语动词作状语和补语1.分析逻辑关系(1)作状语:①表目的、出乎意料的结果或在形容词后作状语,用不定式;②表伴随、时间或条件等要用现在分词/过去分词;③表自然而然的结果用现在分词。
(2)作补语:根据具体结构用(to) do/doing/done①如逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系,且表正在进行,用doing。
②如逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是被动关系,且表完成,用done。
2.牢记5种用法①不定式作宾补:allow、ask、beg、command、encourage、expect、forbid、invite、persuade、tell等+sb. to do sth.。
②用省略to的不定式作宾补的动词:“五”看;“三”使;“两”听;“一”感觉。
“look at/see/watch/notice/observe; make/let/have; hear/listen to; feel”+sb.+do sth.。
注意:但在被动语态中作主语补足语要还原to,如be_made_to_do。
③have sb./sth.doing “让某人/某物一直做”;have sb./sth.done “让某人/某物被做”。
④主语+系动词+形容词(easy、hard、impossible、important等)+to do⑤too+adj./adv.+to do或adj./adv.+enough+to do3.固定句型识记不定式作补语:advise sb. to do allow sb. to do ask sb. to dobeg sb. to do cause sb. to do encourage sb. to do expect sb. to do forbid sb. to do force sb. to do help sb. (to) do invite sb. to do inspire sb. to do order sb. to do permit sb. to dopersuade sb. to dorequire sb. to doremind sb.to dotell sb. to dowant sb. to dowarn sb. to dowish sb. to dowait for sb. to docall on sb. to do 号召某人去做rely on sb. to do 指望某人做某事-ing 作补语catch sb. doing 发现、撞见某人做某事find sb. doing 发现某人做某事keep sb./sth. doing 使...处于...状态leave sb./sth doing 使...处于...状态课堂练习1.On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.2.You don't have to run fast or for long________ (see) the benefit.3.The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice________ (improve) water quality.4.Once his message was delivered, he allowed me________ (stay) and watch. 5.They are required________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.6.Nervously ________ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.7 ________ (enjoy)the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.8.Ordinary soap,________ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. 9.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs________ (take).10.People probably cooked their food in large pots, ________ (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.课后练习Gabi Rizea only discovered his talent for woodcarving three years ago,and has since put 1to good use,saving dozens of old tree stumps (树桩) from 2 (remove) by turning them into impressive works of art.Rizea became a woodcarver 3(complete) by accident.Three years ago,after buying himself a new chainsaw(链锯),he 4(start) “playing” with it on a block of wood.He tried carving a human face into the wood,and to his surprise,it turned out pretty good.Today,he is so good at woodcarving that his home city allows him to workhis magic on old tree stumps and so far about 40 works of art 5(create) in the local parks.“In 99% of the cases,the wood just doesn’t match my ideas,” he said in an interview.“I first have to remove all the rotten parts,and sometimes,6is left isn’t enough for my designs.”Following his recent rise to fame,Rizea has been asked by many 7 (city),including the capital of Romania to transform their old tree trunks 8 works of art.He promises to honor their requests,but he will never repeat any of the artworks 9(find) in his home city.In spite of his obvious talent,the Romanian 10(art) recently got into an art school in order to fully master woodcarving.参考答案:1.it 2.being pletely4.started5.have been created6.what7.cities8.into9.found10.artist课后练习(二)How would you feel if you woke up and found your information in the computer—including your photos,your recent documents—no longer 1 (access)?What if you found out that they had been wiped from your computer, 2 (leave) you with nothing but heartache?Guess what?It happens to people every single day.Every day,people across the country head into their local Apple store in 3(tear),broken computer in hand,praying as they wait in line 4an expensive repair might,just might,recover the priceless,irreplaceable files.A few get lucky. 5for the rest,there’s nothing anyone can do 6(help).Hasn’t it happened to you?If your computer remains unprotected,it will,and it’s only 7matter of time.But thanks to recent breakthroughs in computer backup(备份) technology,you now have a number of options to choose from,and if you’re smart,when your computer 8(crash),you shouldn’t have any trouble 9(get) 100% of your files back that same day.I’m not talking about an external hard drive.I’m talking about an online backup solution that runs 10(quiet) inthe background on your computer.If you have one installed (安装),when your computer crashes,you’ll be just one click away from bringing your files back to life.参考答案:1.accessible2.leaving3.tears4.that5.But6.to help7.a8.crashes9.getting10.quietly。
非谓语动词作定语和宾语补足语归纳非谓语动词是指动词在句中不担任谓语的成分,它可以作定语(修饰名词或代词)或宾语补足语(用来补充说明宾语的性质或状态)。
非谓语动词分为动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。
本文将对非谓语动词作定语和宾语补足语的用法进行归纳,以帮助读者更好地理解和运用这一语法现象。
一、非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词作定语,通常用来修饰名词或代词,对被修饰成分进行补充说明。
以下是常见的非谓语动词作定语的用法:1. 动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语时,常用于名词前,表示目的、原因、结果等。
例:- 一个好老师应该有耐心教学生。
(目的)- 他买了本教他们学英语的书。
(原因)- 她有一堆要做的作业。
(结果)2. 动名词作定语动名词作定语时,常用于名词前,表示动作或状态。
例:- 我喜欢吃巧克力冰淇淋。
(动作)- 我们正在进行一场环保活动。
(状态)- 这是一种减压的方法。
(状态)3. 分词作定语分词作定语时,通常有现在分词和过去分词两种形式,用于形容名词的特定状态或特征。
例:- 她穿着一件红色的连衣裙。
(现在分词形容名词的状态)- 这个破旧的建筑物即将被拆除。
(过去分词形容名词的特征)- 孩子们对教室里展示的画作非常感兴趣。
(过去分词形容名词的状态)二、非谓语动词作宾语补足语非谓语动词作宾语补足语,用来补充说明宾语的性质或状态。
以下是常见的非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法:1. 动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语时,通常用在宾语之后,表示目的、结果等。
例:- 她让儿子吃苹果,以增强他的免疫力。
(目的)- 我听到他打开了门。
(结果)- 他把座位调整得更适合工作。
(结果)2. 动名词作宾语补足语动名词作宾语补足语时,通常用在宾语之后,表示动作或状态。
例:- 我喜欢看电影。
(动作)- 她懂得如何解决这个问题。
(动作)- 我不能忍受他对我说谎。
(状态)3. 分词作宾语补足语分词作宾语补足语时,通常有现在分词和过去分词两种形式,用于形容宾语的特定状态或特征。
非谓语动词的三种形式及用法总结非谓语动词是汉语中非常常用的一种语法成分。
非谓语动词不仅仅是汉语中的一种动词,它也可以用来表达一种动态的概念,也可以作为一种语法结构。
根据不同的用法,可以将非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词和分词。
本文将介绍非谓语动词的三种形式,以及它们的用法。
首先,不定式是最常用的非谓语动词形式,它在句子中作为宾语、状语或补语使用,一般以动词原形开头,跟着助动词“to”。
不定式有两种:完成不定式和未完成不定式。
完成不定式表示动作已经完成,未完成不定式表示动作还未发生。
例如:I want to go to the store (我想去商店),I have already gone to the store (我已经去过商店)。
其次,动名词是完成形式的一种,它表示一个动作的进行或完成的状态,一般以动词的原形开头,跟着助动词“to”。
动名词也可以用作宾语、定语、状语或补语等。
例如:I like watching movies (我喜欢看电影),She doesn like going shopping (她不喜欢购物)。
最后,分词是变位语法的一种,它是一种过去分词或现在分词,分词用来修饰句子中的名词或代词。
分词表示一个被动的动作或过去某一时间发生的动作,按照时态可以分为过去分词和现在分词。
例如:I saw him running (我看见他在跑步),He said he was leaving (他说他正要离开)。
总的来说,非谓语动词是汉语中最常用的一种语法成分,它们在句子中可以用作宾语、状语、补语或定语等,它们的作用是使句子的意义更加完整明确,更加准确地表达说话者的意思。
以上就是有关非谓语动词的三种形式及用法总结,希望能够帮助你更好地使用非谓语动词。
非谓语动词有哪些什么是非谓语动词
在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子的各种成分的动词形式,叫做非谓语动词。
那么非谓语动词有哪些情况呢?
非谓语动词有哪些
1非谓语动词
非谓语动词有5种情况,分别是动词做主语、动词作宾语、动词作定语、动词作状语、动词作补语,动词作宾语示例:I like watching TV,这就把它变成了ing形式,把它名词化这就叫动词做宾语。
再看动词作定语he is a boy lying under the tree。
lying就是定语修饰boy。
躺在树下的男孩。
再看做状语的。
hearing the news she went crazy。
听到消息她疯了。
听到消息就是一个状态。
hearing the news she went crazy。
这里需要注意的是,从句部分根本不是一个句子,它只是一个动词,所以这个部分呢,我们就要把它叫动词做状语,而不能叫状语从句。
所以非谓语动词一共是5种情况,动词分别做主语、宾语,定语、状语、补语。
2非谓语动词与谓语动词不同点
非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。
谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制。
英语中不能单独做句子的谓语。
非谓语动词归纳非谓语动词在句子中可以作主语,宾语,定语,状语,补语和表语六种。
现根据在句子中的成分不同把它们归纳成六类。
一.主语1.doing;主动的,抽象的,规律性的,一般的,延续性的动作,其被动态being done2.to do;主动,具体的,一次性的,短暂性的,尚未发生的动作,其被动态to be doneEg; Reading calls for patience and perseverance.To have a walk along the river after supper is such fun.3.注意;①to do 经常用it作形式主语替代逻辑主语放在句首,而真正的逻辑主语放在句末。
其一般形式有a.it’s +adj+to do sth b.it +vt +o(宾语)+ to do sth。
Eg; It’s important to have a good eye sight ,as it’s known to us .It took me 3 days to finish the task.②it作形式主语替代doing的几个结构;it’s no use/useless .it’s waste of time .it’s no good 等。
Eg; It’s no use crying over the spilt milk.覆水难收③范例;(1)to the sun for too long contributes to the harm to the skin.A .Being exposed B.Exposed C.Having exposed D.To exposed解析;选A。
可能误选B。
误认句子缺少状语,但观察可以发现若是作状语的话,那么句子就没有主语了。
判断方法;划分句子的主谓宾。
3.动名词的复合结构;one’s doing /being doneEg.My sister’s being ill made us all worried =That my sister was ill made us all worried.4.迁移;若主语与to do中的do 存在动宾关系,且形容词是hard. difficult 之类的,那么do用主动态表示被动态。
1.结构2.在句中所做的成分(1)三种词做宾语的区别①现在分词作宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上和宾语有主动关系,强调动作正在进行。
如:I saw him falling off his bike just at that moment . (他从自行车上掉下来的过程)②不定式作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有主动关系,强调动作的过程。
注意:如果宾语补足语是一系列的动作,通常只能用不定式来表示,不用动词的-ing形式如I saw him fall off his bike and hurt his left leg.(看到他从自行车上掉下来,并且摔伤了腿的全过程)③过去分词作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有被动关系。
I heard my name called by someone.(我听到我的名字被叫,my name和called是被动关系。
)3.不定式1. We often see them play football;2. They are often seen to play football3. The teacher made him stand outside for two hours.4. He was made to stand outside for two hours省to的不定式作宾补:宾补省to记11,一感二听三使役;五看一帮两均可,被动该to不能弃.1感 feel,2听 hear, listen to, 3使役 have, let, make,5看 see, look at, notice, observe, watch, 1帮help练习题:非谓语动词作宾补1. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, buthis mother told him _______ (A)A. not toB. not to doC. not to itD. do not to为了避免重复,常用省略形式 to 来代替前面动作。
非谓语做定、状、补
当一个句子中已有谓语时,其他动词要以非谓语的形式出现。
(一)非谓语做定语(定语常用来修饰名词) 详见顶尖P13
1.The building ___________ now is our school.
A. being built
B. to be built
C. built ( A )
2.The building ___________ last year was our school.
A. being built
B. to be built
C. built ( C )
3.The building ___________ next year is our school.
A. being built
B. to be built
C. built (B ) (二)非谓语做状语(状语常用来修饰动词或形容词)
1.___________ from the space, the earth is a blue sphere.
A. To see
B. Seeing
C. Seen (C )
2.______from space , we can see the earth is blue .
A. To see
B. Seeing
C. Seen (B )
3.___________ the cat, the mouse ran away.
A. To see
B. Seeing
C. Seen (B ) (三)非谓语做补语(补语常用补充) 详见顶尖P36
使役动词:have sb. do/done
Eg. I have my hair cut./ I have my car stolen.
make sb. do/ done
eg. I speak loudly to make myself heard.
eg. I speak slowly to make myself understood.
get sb. to do/ done
eg. I get the car started. 我启动车子。
leave sb/sth done
eg. I left a lot of homework unfinished yesterday. 我昨天留下很多家庭作业未做。
keep sb. doing/ done
eg. Keep sb. informed of
find sb. doing/ done
eg. When I wake up , I found myself surrounded by enemies.
The boss found the cook(厨师) smoking, so he was fired.。