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【摘要】 目的 了解内科老年住院患者跌倒/坠床的发生率和对安全风险防控知识的知晓及参与情况，探讨规范化护理在老年患者跌倒/坠床风险防控管理中的应用效果。
方法 构建规范化护理实践体系，以2022年1—6月医院住院的老年患者3153例作为对照组，实施常规护理管理；以2022年7—12月医院住院的老年患者3431例作为观察组，实施规范化护理管理。
比较两组患者跌倒/坠床的发生率及对跌倒/坠床安全风险预控知识知晓情况、参与情况以及满意度。
结果 观察组老年患者跌倒/坠床5例，对照组老年患者跌倒/坠床6例，两组老年患者跌倒/坠床发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P >0.05） 。
观察组老年患者对跌倒/坠床安全风险预控知识知晓率、参与率及满意度均高于对照组，组间差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。
结论 规范化护理实践体系在老年患者跌倒/坠床风险预控管理中应用，有利于改善老年患者安全与风险管理，降低跌倒/坠床时不良事件的发生，提高护理质量和患者满意度。
【关键词】 规范化护理；实践体系；老年患者；跌倒；坠床；风险管理中图分类号R47 文献标识码A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-9676.2023.24.013规范化护理在老年患者跌倒/坠床风险防控管理中的应用基金项目：江南大学无锡医学院2022年护理本科教育教学改革研究项目（编号:XJ0004）作者单位：214122 江苏省无锡市，江南大学附属医院内科第一作者：芦慧，女，本科，副主任护师，护士长通信作者：朱凌云，本科，主任护师，科护士长芦慧 朱凌云 叶芬 苏珍珍 邵杨扬Application of standardized nursing in the prevention and control of falls/falling out of bed risk in elderly patients LU Hui, ZHU Lingyun, YE Fen, SU Zhenzhen, SHAO Yangyang (Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China)【Abstract 】 Objective To understand the incidence of falls/falling out of bed among elderly inpatients in the internal medicine department and their knowledge and participation in safety risk prevention and control knowledge, and to explore the explore application eff ect of standardized nursing in the prevention and control of falls/falling out of bed risk in elderly patients. Methods We built a standardized nursing practice system and used 3153 elderly patients hospitalized in the hospital from January to June 2022 as a control group to implement routine nursing management, and used 3431 elderly patients hospitalized in the hospital from July to December 2022 as an observation group to implement standardized nursing management. The incidence of falls/falling out of bed and knowledge, participation and satisfaction with falls/falling out of bed safety risk prevention knowledge were compared between the two groups. Results There were 5 cases of elderly patients falls/falling out of bed in the observation group and 6 cases in the control group. There was no statistically signifi cant diff erence in the incidence of falls/falling out of bed between the two groups of elderly patients(P >0.05). The awareness rate, participation rate and satisfaction rate of elderly patients about falls/falling out of bed safety risk prevention knowledge in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the diff erences between the groups were statistically signifi cant(P <0.05). Conclusion The application of standardized nursing practice system in the prevention and management of falls/falling out of bed risk in elderly patients was conducive to improving the safety and risk management of elderly patients, reducing the occurrence of adverse events during falls/falling out of bed, and improving the quality of care and patients’ satisfaction.【Key words 】 Standardized nursing; Practice system; Elderly patients; Fall; Falling out of bed; Risk management截至2019年，我国老龄人口已经高达2.53亿，约占全国人口总数的18.1％，人口老龄化问题日益突出[1]。
【医学口语】世界卫生状况英文报告2 Health of the elderlyThe increase in the number of old people in the worldwill be one of the most profound forces affecting health and social services in the next century. Overall, the world s population has been growing at an annual rate of 1.7% during the period 1990-1995 - but the population aged over 65 is increasing by some 2.7% annually. Of a world total of 355 million people over 65 in 1993, more than 200 million are in the developing world, where they make up 4.6% of the population, with more than 150 million in developed countries, where the proportion is 12.6%. Although Europe, Japan and the USA currently have the 'oldest' populations, the most rapid changes are being seen in the developing world, withpredicted increases in some countries of up to 400% in people aged over 65 during the next 30 years.Alongside the increase in the number of people over age 65, there will also be a dramatic rise in the numbers of 'old old' - people over 80. In 1993 they constituted 22% of those over 65 in developed countries and 12% in the developing world. The world elderly support ratio (the number of people over 65 years compared to those aged 20-64) in 1990 was 12 elderly to every 100 people of working age. It is estimated that the figure will be 12.8 in the year 2000 and 13.2 in 2020. In other words, while population increase during1990-2000 is estimated to be 17%, the increase in the number of elderly is likely to be 30%.One of the most difficult questions for health planners and politicians trying to allocate funds, as well as for the community and individuals themselves, is whether increased life expectancy means more health or simply more years of sickness. This is an area that is greatly underresearched, yet the question is assuming ever greater importance.Two of the most pressing problems in the future will be the provision of care for people with dementia and those needing joint replacements for arthritic diseases. WHO estimates that there are 165 million people in the world with rheumatoid arthritis. The long-term care of the frail elderly is becoming one of the most debated medical and political issues in many developed countries, and the developing world too will soon have to wrestlewith it. If people are not to be left destitute and uncared for at the end of their lives, more attention must be given to social mechanisms for the support of the elderly and the means to fund them.General health issuesAlthough in the past 10 years there has been a global trend towards the democratization of political systems, the much anticipated 'peace dividend' has failed to materialize. Poverty has continued, and will continue, to be a major obstacle to health development. The number of poor people has increased substantially, both in the developing world and among underprivileged groups and communities within developed as well as developing countries. During the second half of the 1980s, the number of people in the world living in extreme poverty increased, and was estimated at over 1.1 billion in 1990 - more than one-fifth of humanity.The changing demographic picture across the world, together with the rapid shift towards urbanization, will have profound implications for the delivery of health services. The unplanned and often chaotic growth of megacities in the developing world will pose particular challenges, as poor sanitation and housing encourage the spread of infectious diseases.Against any optimism about the global economy throughout the remainder of this century and beyond should be set a number of major uncertainties. There has been a disproportionate flow of resources from the developing to the developed world - poor countries paying money to rich ones - because of debt servicing and repayment and as a consequence of prices for raw materials that favour the latter at the expense of the former. Structural adjustment policies aimed at improving the economic performance of poor countries have in many cases made the situation worse. The words of Robert McNamara, spoken in 1980 when he was President of the World Bank, still hold true： 'The pursuit of growth and financial adjustment without a reasonable concern for equity is ultimately socially destabilizing'.A further worrying global trend is growing unemployment, especially in developing countries without social security arrangements to cushion those out of work. Long-term unemployment is creating a new class of 'untouchables' - by excluding a large group of people from the mainstream of development and society. The unemployed are a potent reminder of the dangers of assuming that the general prosperity of a country will trickle down to all its members.There is also considerable concern about the adverse health effects of continuing environmental degradation, pollution and the uncontrolled dumping of chemical wastes, diminishing natural resources, depletion of the ozone layer and predicted global climate changes.Social mores are also undergoing profound changes, with a move towards shorter marriages and more divorces in many countries, leading to family breakdowns which have repercussions for individuals and for social services that may be called on to provide help for children and single parents.Beyond any considerations for improving the health of the world must be the recognition that the growing world population will strain to the limit the ability of social, political, environmental and health infrastructures to cope. Health infrastructure - buildings and equipment, the staff, the drugs, the vehicles - is central to good health care. Services must be integrated, cost-effective and provided as close as possible to the people who need them.With health resources unlikely to be greatly increased but with ever growing demands for services, because of expanding populations and the advances of science which make more conditions treatable, the debate about the rationing of health care, with the attendant ethical problems, is likely to become intense. Hard choices will have to be made - and greatly enhanced mechanisms found for listening to the voice of the health consumeWHO's contributions to world healthWithin the framework of the organization s constitution and the guidance given in the periodic general programmes of work, all WHO activities are geared to respond to thepriority problems of the age groups referred to in this summary. The full extent of WHO's work at national, regional and global levels cannot be reflected here, but examples are given of different types of action.Child and adolescent healthWHO encourages self-reliance of countries in conducting immunization through basic health services. It cooperateswith UNICEF in its initiative of supplying vaccines to over 100 countries. Major priorities are to at least sustain the accomplishments of previous years and to continue to strivefor achievement of the 1992 World Summit for Children goal of immunization against the six vaccine-preventable diseases (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, measles, poliomyelitis, tuberculosis).In an effort to make the best use of limited resources to eliminate neonatal tetanus, WHO has given priority tocountries that account for 80% of total cases and have an estimated mortality of 5 or more per 1 000 live births. WHO initiated a series of measures to arrest the spread of diphtheria in eastern Europe, including the formulation of a plan of action and the establishment of a European task force. In 1993 progress towards the poliomyelitis eradication goal was heartening. Efforts are being made to develop a moreheat-stable poliovirus vaccine that can be delivered with a less rigorously maintained cold chain. Large donations for poliomyelitis eradication were coordinated with differentorganizations. In 1994 the region of the Americas committed itself to eliminating measles by the year 2000, and incidence is now at the lowest level ever. If the momentum is sustained the Americas may well lead the way towards global elimination of this major killer of children.By the end of 1994 virtually all developing countries had implemented plans of action against diarrhoeal diseases in children. Nearly 42% of health staff in the countries had been trained in supervisory skills using materials developed by WHO, and almost 30% of doctors and other health workers had been trained in diarrhoea case management, many of themin the more than 420 diarrhoea training units established in over 90 countries. It is estimated that nearly 85% of the population of the countries had access to oral rehydration salts at the end of 1994.Particular emphasis is given to training in the management of acute respiratory infections WHO supports courses for workers in first-level health facilities and referral hospitals on standard case management, and distributes training and technical materials. More than 190 000 health managers, doctors, nurses and community health workers in over 60 countries have been trained so far. WHO is involved in numerous studies on acute respiratory infections in Africa, Asia and Latin America.Activities for better nutrition are promoted in 62 countries, mostly in collaboration with FAO and UNICEF. A global database on child growth was established and more than 90 countries are receiving technical and financial support to give effect to the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes. The new WHO/UNICEF 'baby-friendly hospital initiative' has proved hugely successful in encouragingproper infant feeding practices, starting at birth. It has already been implemented in two-thirds of African countries.A number of countries have introduced national nutrition policies with WHO support.A wide range of WHO programmes focus on the needs of adolescents in such fields as nutrition, mental health, sexuality, disease and injury prevention, and substance abuse.A joint UNICEF/WHO/UNFPA policy statement on the reproductive health of adolescents was disseminated. WHO supported the formulation of policies on adolescent health in 20 countries.WHO activities broadly seek to improve and maintain the economic and social productivity of adults by promotinghealth and reducing premature morbidity and mortality.As far as the major communicable diseases are concerned, efforts are being made to mobilize financial support tocombat tuberculosis, which recently has shown a worrying resurgence. Control programmes were reorganized in several countries, and operational and other studies were supported. The research has produced some important results which may have major implications for policy. A study of rifapentine suggests that it is a promising new drug. A large trial is being organized on the efficacy of sparfloxacin, another new drug, against multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. A study in Uganda on the feasibility of tuberculosis chemoprophylaxisfor HIV-infected persons suggests that this intervention isnot easily applicable on a large scale in a developingcountry setting. WHO's global task force on cholera controlcontinues to support activities to strengthen national capacity to prepare for and respond to epidemics. Several cholera vaccines are at different stages of development. All 45 countries where malaria is endemic received WHO financial support for control activities. National plans of work, based on a revised regional control strategy, were drawn up in a number of African countries. WHO, together with other agencies and NGOs, responded promptly to requests for assistance in combating malaria epidemics in seven countries, including outbreaks among the 500 000 or so Rwandan refugees. In view of the rapid spread of chloroquine-resistant and multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria, a multicentre research programme has been initiated to study ways of retarding development of drug resistance. The synthetic Colombian malaria vaccine Spf66 has been shown to be safe, to induce antibodies and to reduce the risk of clinical malaria by around 30% among children aged under 5 in the United Republic of Tanzania.With regard to the other communicable diseases, all countries where leprosy is endemic have implemented national strategies and plans for elimination of the disease as a public problem by the year 2000. The onchocerciasis control programme in West Africa, executed by WHO with support from UNDP, FAO and the World Bank, has succeeded in eliminating the disease as a public health problem in 11 endemic countries. Remarkable progress has been made in eradication of dracunculiasis. National eradication programmes are under way in the 18 endemic countries. A reliable village-based surveillance system has also been implemented, with monthly reporting in operation in all countries. WHO is supporting acampaign to eliminate Chagas disease from the Southern Cone of the Americas. Activities include the development of slow-release insecticidal paints which have shown to be nearly twice as effective as traditional sprays in controlling the triatomine vectors and about half as expensive. Seven-day treatments with eflornithine have been shown to be effective against trypanosomiasis. As the drug is expensive, WHO has arranged to provide it to four countries on a cost-recovery basis, and is participating in the development of a low-cost synthesis and production method. Support is given for research and training in the epidemiology and control of schistosomiasis, and a new candidate vaccine has been identified. Emergency supplies for serological diagnosis and drug treatment of visceral leishmaniasis were provided by WHO and UNICEF during a recent epidemic in Sudan. The outbreak of pneumonic plague in India in 1994 was a stern reminder that the disease often regarded as a scourge of the past still exists. WHO intervened promptly at the request of the Indian authorities. Travel advice was issued based on the International Health Regulations and an international team of experts was set up to conduct a thorough investigation. The results suggested that the outbreak involved far fewer cases than the number reported. No evidence was found of the plague spreading outside the focus; and no imported, confirmed plague was detected in any other country.Programmes against HIV/AIDS are under way with WHO support in most Member States, including HIV surveillance activities in some 80 developing countries. Similarly, staff from 80 countries were trained in HIV/AIDS programme management. Agreements were concluded for bulk purchase ofHIV test kits, ensuring quality and the best possible price for developing countries. A safety trial of a candidate vaccine against HIV, endorsed by WHO, was conducted for the first time in a developing country. Policy guidance is given in such fields as blood safety, restrictions on HIV-positive travellers and HIV testing. Hundreds of NGOs and networks of organizations work with WHO in the fight against HIV/AIDS.WHO is developing a network of centres and a database in support of a global programme to monitor and prevent cardiovascular diseases, and continues to coordinate the 10-year, 26-country MONICA project which monitors trends and determinants in cardiovascular diseases and measures the effectiveness of interventions. National programmes for the prevention of coronary heart disease were introduced in 41 countries. Sixteen INTER-HEALTH demonstration projects have been set up worldwide (9 of them in developing countries) to assess the effectiveness of integrated community-based intervention. The related CINDI programme now covers 21 countries in Europe. WHO supports the implementation of national cancer pain relief and palliative care policies in 46 countries, and participates in the development of national cancer registers. A model list of 24 essential drugs for cancer chemotherapy was updated. Guidelines were produced on ethical issues in human genetics, and on the provision of genetic services for control of hereditary diseases. National programmes for control of diabetes and rheumatic diseases were established in several countries.Guidelines on mental retardation, epilepsy and suicide and other aspects of mental health were issued. Studies are promoted on the long-term course and outcome of schizophreniaand obsessive/compulsive disorders. An international reviewof mental health legislation was undertaken. As part ofefforts to prevent substance abuse, recommendations were made on international control of psychoactive substances andsupport is given to Member States in revising policies and legislation on treatment and rehabilitation of drug andalcohol dependence.'Africa 2000', a new investment initiative aimed at providing universal coverage of water supply and sanitation services, was launched. A broad programme of hygieneeducation and promotion of low-cost sanitation is being developed in cooperation with UNICEF and other organizations. Training packages and manuals on the proper operation, maintenance and optimization of systems are being prepared, and one on health in water resources development is being tested. The healthy cities initiative now covers over 650cities worldwide. The global WHO/UNEP networks for monitoring air and water quality are operational in more than 60 countries. Revised WHO guidelines on drinking-water quality were issued. WHO and FAO support the Codex Alimentarius Commission in promoting the adoption of scientifically-based national food legislation. Together with FAO, WHO has established acceptable daily intakes for well over 700 food additives, contaminants and veterinary drug residues in food.WHO/UNICEF/UNFPA policy statements were issued on promotion of the health of women. National safe motherhood action plans were formulated in 10 countries. Databases for monitoring patterns and trends in maternal health are being disseminated. A total of 87 research projects are funded,many dealing with the causes of maternal death and disability.A project was launched to promote simple methods for early detection of cancer of the cervix and breast in developing countries.A key objective for WHO is to enable the elderly to exercise their full potential as a community resource, and to give them a satisfactory quality of life. Many WHO programmes are involved in this effort, including those concerned with nutrition, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and palliative care. A multinational collaborative study on the predictors of osteoarthritis was launched. In pursuance of the United Nations international plan of action on aging, WHO is setting up an integrated programme on aging and health, which will become fully operational in 1996.。
The medical profession is one of the most noble and respected fields,and it carries with it a significant responsibility towards the wellbeing of patients.The ethical standards that doctors are expected to uphold are crucial in maintaining the trust and integrity of the medical profession.Professionalism and Integrity:Doctors must always act with professionalism and integrity.This means adhering to the highest standards of medical practice,being honest with patients about their conditions, and never compromising the quality of care for personal gain or convenience.Confidentiality:Maintaining patient confidentiality is a fundamental aspect of medical ethics.Doctors must never disclose any information about a patients health without their explicit consent, except in cases where the law requires it,such as reporting certain diseases or potential harm to others.Informed Consent:Before any medical procedure or treatment,doctors must ensure that patients are fully informed about the risks,benefits,and alternatives.This allows patients to make informed decisions about their healthcare and is a key part of respecting their autonomy.NonMaleficence:The principle of nonmaleficence,or do no harm,is a cornerstone of medical ethics. Doctors must always consider the potential harm of any treatment and strive to minimize it,even when the benefits may outweigh the risks.Beneficence:Beneficence involves acting in the best interest of the patient.This means not only providing effective treatment but also considering the patients values,preferences,and overall wellbeing when making medical decisions.Justice:Doctors must also uphold the principle of justice,ensuring that their services are provided fairly and without discrimination.This includes advocating for equal access to healthcare and treating all patients with respect,regardless of their social status,race,or ethnicity. Continual Learning and Improvement:The field of medicine is constantly evolving.Doctors have an ethical duty to stay updated with the latest research and advancements in their field to provide the best possible care to their patients.Collaboration and Teamwork:Medical professionals often work as part of a team with other healthcare providers. Ethical practice involves collaborating effectively,respecting the contributions of all team members,and ensuring a coordinated approach to patient care.SelfCare and Wellbeing:While doctors are dedicated to the health and wellbeing of their patients,they must also take care of their own physical and mental health.Burnout and compassion fatigue can affect a doctors ability to provide quality care,making selfcare an ethical consideration.Ethical DecisionMaking in Difficult Situations:Doctors may face complex ethical dilemmas,such as endoflife care or resource allocation. In these situations,they must carefully consider the ethical principles and make decisions that align with the best interests of the patient and the broader medical community.Accountability and Responsibility:Finally,doctors must be accountable for their actions and decisions.This includes admitting to mistakes,learning from them,and taking steps to prevent similar errors in the future.In conclusion,the medical profession is guided by a robust ethical framework that prioritizes patient care,integrity,and the pursuit of excellence.By adhering to these principles,doctors can provide compassionate,effective care while maintaining the trust and respect of their patients and the wider society.。
用如何处理健康问题写一篇英语作文Approaching Health Issues with a Balanced Mindset.Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, often equated with the absence of disease or infirmity. However, in today's fast-paced world, maintaining such a state can be challenging. Health issues can arise from various factors, including unhealthylifestyle choices, environmental factors, genetic predisposition, and stress. Addressing these issues effectively requires a multi-faceted approach that encompasses prevention, early detection, treatment, andself-care.Prevention is Better than Cure.Prevention is often considered the best medicine. By making healthy lifestyle choices, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of developing chronic diseases. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and sufficientsleep are essential for maintaining physical health. Equally important is the maintenance of mental health through stress management, relaxation techniques, and social engagement.Moreover, regular health screenings can help detect potential health issues early, often when they are most treatable. Screenings for conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and cancer can save lives by allowing for timely interventions.Early Detection and Prompt Treatment.When health issues do arise, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly. Early detection often leads to more effective treatment options and better outcomes. Modern medicine has made remarkable progress in treating various diseases, but the key is to catch them early.Treatment plans should be tailored to the individual's needs and should incorporate both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. For instance, while medicationmay be necessary for certain conditions, lifestyle modifications, such as changes in diet or exercise routine, may be equally important.The Role of Self-Care.Self-care is an integral part of managing health issues. It involves taking proactive measures to improve one'shealth and well-being. This could include practices like mindfulness, meditation, and yoga to manage stress and promote mental health. It also entails making informed choices about diet, exercise, and sleep to support physical health.Self-care also involves seeking support when needed. This could be through talking to family and friends,joining support groups, or seeking professional help from counselors or therapists. Acknowledging and addressing emotional needs is crucial for maintaining overall health.The Importance of a Balanced Mindset.A balanced mindset is crucial in approaching health issues. It involves maintaining a positive attitude, staying informed, and making informed decisions about one's health. A balanced mindset also helps individuals navigate the often-overwhelming world of health information and make sense of it all.Staying informed does not mean being overwhelmed by every new health trend or study. It is about understanding one's own body and its needs, and using that understanding to make practical, healthy choices.Conclusion.In summary, addressing health issues effectively requires a holistic approach that encompasses prevention, early detection, treatment, and self-care. It is about making informed choices, maintaining a positive mindset, and seeking support when needed. By taking a balanced approach to health, individuals can improve their quality of life and enjoy a healthier, happier existence.。
始驾州参艰市线练学校阅读理解精选③---④（2002）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AIn 1901，H．G．Wells，an English writer，wrote a book describing a trip to the moon．When the explorers（探险者）landed on the moon，they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities．They expressed their surprise to the “moon people” they met．In turn，the “moon people” expressed their surprise．“Why，”they asked，“are you traveling to outer space when you don't even use your inner space？”H．G．Wells could only imagine travel to the moon．In 1969，human beings really did land on the moon．People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon．However，the question that the “moon people” asked is still an interesting one．A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it．Underground systems are already in place． Many cities have underground car parks．In some cities，such as Tokyo，Seoul and Montreal，there are large underground shopping areas．The “Chunnel”，a tunnel（隧道）connecting England and France，is now complete．But what about underground cities？Japan's Taisei Corporation is designing a network of underground systems，called “Alice Cities．”The designers imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats，offices，shopping， and so on．A solar dome（太阳能穹顶）would cover the whole city．Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth's space．The surface，they say， can be used for farms，parks，gardens，and wilderness．H．G．Wells '“moon people” would agree． Would you？56．The explorers in H．G．Wells' story were sur prised to find that the “moon people” ________ ．A．knew so much about the earth B．understood their languageC．lived in so many underground cities D．were ahead of them in space technology57．What does the underlined word “it”（paragraph 2）refer to？A．Discovering the moon's inner space． B．Using the earth's inner space．C．Meeting the “moon people” again． D．Traveling to outer space．58．What sort of underground systems are already here with us？A．Offices，shopping areas，power stations． B．Tunnels，car parks，shopping areas．C．Gardens，car parks，power stations． D．Tunnels，gardens，offices．59．What would be the best title for the text？A．Alice Cities—cities of the future B．Space travel with H．G．WellsC．Enjoy living underground D．Building down，not upBLONDON（Reuters）—Organic fruit，delivered right to the doorstep．That is what Gabriel Gold prefers，and he is willing to pay for it．If this is not possible，the 26-year-old computer technician will spend the extra money at the supermarket to buy organic food．“Organic produce is always better，”Gold said．“The food is free of pesticides（农药），and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms．And more often than not it is locally（本地） grown and seasonal，so it is more tasty．”Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend，and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business．But how many shoppers really know what they are getting，and why are they willing to pay a higher price for organic produce？Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences—but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete．For example，small amounts of pesticides can be used on organic products．And about three quarters of organic food in Britain is not local but imported（进口）to meet growing demand．“The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year，so it is a very fast-growing market，” said Sue Flock，a specialist in this line of business．60．More and more people in Britain are buying organic food because ________ ． A．they are getting richer B．they can get the food anywhereC．they consider the food free of pollution D．they like home-grown fruit 61．Which of the following statements is true to the facts about most organic produce sold in Britain？A．It grows indoors all year round． B．It is produced outside Britain．C．It is grown on family farms． D．It is produced on large farms．62．What is the meaning of “the organic trend” as the words are used in the text？A．growing interest in organic food B．better quality of organic foodC．rising market for organic food D．higher prices of organic food63．What is the best title for this news story？A．Organic food—healthy，or just for the wealthy？ B．The making of organic food in BritainC．Organic food—to import or not？ D．Good qualities of organic foodCTHEATRECity VarietiesThe Headrow，Leeds．Tel．430808Oct 10-11only ANight at the Varieties．All the fun of an old music hall with Barry Cryer，Duggle Brown，6dancers，Mystina，Jon Barker，Anne Duval and the Tony Harrison Trio．Laugh again at the old jokes and listen to your favourite songs．Performances：8 pm nightly．Admission：￡5；under 16 or over 60：￡4．York Theatre RoyalSt Leonard's Place，York．Tel．223568Sept 23-Oct 17Groping for Words—a comedy by Sue Townsend．Best known for her Adrian Mole Diaries，Townsend now writes about an evening class which two men and a woman attend．A gentle comedy．Admission：First night，Mon：￡2；Tues-Fri：￡3．25-5．50；Sat：￡3．50-5．75．Halifax PlayhouseKing's Cross Street，Halifax．Tel．365998Oct 10-17 On Golden Pond by Elrnest Thompson． This is a magical comedy about real people．A beautifully produced，well-acted play for everyone．Don't miss it．Performances：7：30 pm．Admission：￡2．Mon：2 seats for the price of one．Grand TheatreOxford Street，Leeds．Tel．502116Restaurant and Café．Oct 1—17The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole， Aged 13．Sue Townsend's musical play，based on her best-selling book．Performances：Evenings 7：45．October 10—17， at 2：30pm．No Monday performances．Admission：Tues-Thurs：￡2—5；Fri＆Sat：￡2—6．64．Which theatre offers the cheapest seat？A．Halifax Playhouse． B．City Varieties． C．GrandTheatre． D．York Theatre Royal．65．If you want to see a play with old jokes and songs，which phone number will you ring to book a seat？A．502116 B．223568 C．365998 D．430808 66．We may learn from the text that Sue Townsend is ________ ．A．a writer B．an actress C．a musician D．a directorDTreasure hunts（寻宝）have excited people's imagination for hundreds of years both in real life and in books such as Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island．Kit Williams，a modern writer，had the idea of combining the real excitement of a treasure hunt with clues（线索）found in a book when he wrote a children's story，Masquerade，in 1979.The book was about a hare，and a month before it came out Williams buried a gold hare in a park in Bedfordshire．The book contained a large number of clues to help readers find the hare，but Williams put in a lot of “red herrings(青鱼，鲱)”，or false clues，to mislead（误倒） them．Ken Roberts，the man who found the hare，had been looking for it for nearly two years．Although he had been searching in the wrong area most of the time，he found it by logic（逻辑），not by luck．His success came from the fact that he had gained an important clue at the start．He had realized that the words：“One of Six to Eight” under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon，the first of Henry VIII's six wives．Even here，however，Williams had succeeded in misleading him．Ken knew that Katherine of Aragon had died at Kimbolton in Cambridgeshire in 1536 and thought that Williams had buried the hare there．He had been digging there for over a year before a new idea occurred to him．He found out that Kit Williams had spent his childhood near Ampthill，in Bedfordshire，and thought that he must have buried the hare in a place he knew well，but he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon，until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773．Even then his search had not come to an end．It was only after he had spent several nights digging around the cross that he decided to write to Kit Williams to find out if he was wasting his time there．Williams encouraged him to continue，and on February 24th 1982，he found the treasure．It was worth ￡3000in the beginning，but the excitement it had caused since its burial made it much more valuable．67．The underlined word “them”（paragraph 1）refers to __________．A．red herrings B．treasure hunts C．Henry VIII's sixwives D．readers of Masquerade68．What is the most important clue in the story to help Ken Roberts find the hare？A．Two stone crosses in Ampthill． B．Stevenson's Treasure Island．C．Katherine of Aragon． D．Williams' hometown．69．The stone crosses in Ampthill were built __________ ．A．to tell about what happened in 1773 B．to show respect for Henry VIII's first wifeC．to serve as a road sign in Ampthill Park D．to inform people where the gold hare was70．Which of the following describes Roberts' logic in searching for the hare？a．Henry VIII's six wives b．Katherine's burial place at Kimboltonc．Williams' childhood in Ampthill d．Katherine of Aragone．stone crosses in Ampthill ParkA．a-b-c-e-d B．d-b-c-e-a C．a-d-b-c-e D．b-a-e-c-d 71．What is the subject discussed in the text？A．An exciting historical event． B．A modern treasure hunt．C．The attraction of Masquerade． D．The importance of logical thinking．EA child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle（激战）；it can be a basket of fun，according to Beth Anaclerio，an Evaston mother of two，ages 4 and 18 months．“Having a party at home usually requires a lot of running around on the part of the parents，and often the birthday boy or girl gets lost in wild excitement．But it really doesn't have to be that way，” said Anacle rio．Last summer，Anaclerio and her friend Jill Carlisle，a Northbrook mother of a 2-year-old，founded a home party-planning business called “A Party in a Basket．”Their goal is to help parents and children share in the fun part of party planning，like choosing the subject or making a cake，while they take care of everything．Drawing on their experiences as mothers，they have created（制作）10 ready-to-use，home party packages．Everything a family needs to plan a party，except the cake and ice cream，is delivered to the home in a large basket．“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10，”Anaclerio said，“and they're very interactive （互动） and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject．For example，at the Soda Shoppe party the guests become waiters and waitresses and build wonderful ice cream creations．”The standard $200 package for eight children includes a basket filled with invitations，gifts，games and prizes，paper goods，a party planner and the like．For more information，call Anaclerio at 708-864-6584 or Carlisle at 708-205-9141．72．The main purpose of writing this text is __________ ．A．to share information about party planning B．to introduce the joys of a birthday partyC．to announce a business plan D．to sell a service 73．The most important idea behind the kind of party planning described here is that__________ ．A．it brings parents and children closer together B．guests play a part in the preparation of a partyC．parents are spared the trouble of sending invitations D．it provides a subject of conversation74．What does the underlined word “hassle”（paragraph 1）probably mean？A．a party designed by specialists B．a plan requiring careful thoughtC．a situation causing difficulty or trouble D．a demand made by guests 75．Which of the following is most likely to be a party planner？A． B． C．D．（）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
医疗质量的英语作文高中Medical Quality。
As we all know, medical quality is of great importance to people's health and safety. It refers to the level of care provided by medical professionals, the safety of medical procedures, and the effectiveness of medical treatments.In recent years, the Chinese government has been making great efforts to improve the quality of medical care. Many policies and regulations have been put in place to ensure that medical professionals provide safe and effective care to patients. For example, hospitals are required to establish and implement quality management systems, and medical staff are required to participate in regular training and continuing education programs.However, despite these efforts, there are still some problems with medical quality in China. One of the mainproblems is the lack of qualified medical professionals. Many hospitals and clinics are understaffed, and some medical professionals do not have the necessary qualifications or experience to provide high-quality care. Another problem is the lack of transparency and accountability in the medical system. Patients often do not know what treatments they are receiving or why, and there is often no way for them to hold medical professionals accountable for any mistakes or errors.To address these problems, the government needs to continue to invest in medical education and training, and to establish better systems for monitoring and evaluating medical quality. Hospitals and clinics also need to be more transparent about their practices and procedures, and to provide patients with more information about their treatments and care.In addition, patients themselves also have a role to play in ensuring medical quality. They should be proactive in seeking out qualified medical professionals, and should ask questions and seek second opinions if they are unsureabout any aspect of their care. By working together, medical professionals, patients, and the government can help to ensure that everyone has access to safe and effective medical care.。
中考英语医疗服务质量的提升策略单选题40题1. In the hospital, the doctor said we need to “optimize” the treatment process. What does “optimize” mean here?A. Make worseB. Make betterC. Make slowerD. Make more expensive答案：B。
解析：“optimize”这个词的意思是优化、使更好。
选项A“make worse”是使更差的意思，与“optimize”意思相反；选项C“make slower”是使更慢，与优化治疗流程无关；选项D“make more expensive”是使更昂贵，也不符合“optimize”在医疗场景下的含义，所以正确答案是B。
2. The medical staff are trying to “enhance” the patient - centered service. “Enhance” most likely means _.A. ReduceB. StrengthenC. IgnoreD. End答案：B。
解析：“enhance”的意思是提高、增强。
选项A“reduce”是减少的意思，与“enhance”相反；选项C“ignore”是忽视，与提高服务相悖；选项D“end”是结束，也不符合题意，所以正确答案是B。
3. In order to improve the medical service quality, we should focus on“streamlining” the administrative procedures. “Streamlining” here means _.A. ComplicatingB. SimplifyingC. StoppingD. Starting答案：B。
英语人教新课标版选修6Unit3A healthy life第三单元测评(时间：120分钟满分:150分）一、听力(共两节,满分30分）第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What do we know about the man?A．He is overweight。
B．He won't give up smoking.C．He is suffering a heart attack.2．What is the man going to buy？A．Food。
B．Drinks。
C．Flowers。
3．Why is the woman unsatisfied with the fish?A．It tastes terrible. B．It is served too late. C．It's not what she ordered。
4．What is the woman going to do on Friday?A．Take an exam。
B．Study at home。
C．Go to the mountain。
5．What time does the next bus leave for New York?A．At 9：30. B．At 10：00. C．At 10：30。
第二节（共15小题；每小题1。
5分，满分22。
5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6～8题.6．Who is on a banana diet？A．The man’s sister。
