高考英语“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句常见错误透视 专题辅导

高考英语“介词+关系代词〞引导的定语从句常见错误透视我们在学习定语从句时,常常会看到"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句,即把从句中的某一介词或介词短语提到关系代词前.使用这类定语从句时,常常会出现五类错误.现在归纳如下,供同学们借鉴.一、关系词的误用1. The person to who you should write is Mr Hall. (whom)2. I lost the book in that there are five color pictures. (which)3. The day on when we can send men into space has at last come. (which)4. He went back to the house in where he was born twenty years ago. (which)简析:当介词位于从句的句首时,介词后一般用关系代词whom(指人,如1不可为who所代替)或which(指物,如 2.先行词即使为表示时间或地点的名词,介词后也不能用when或where,如3和4).不过,注意介词from有时根据句意的枰?也可以接where.如:He hid himself behind the door, from where he saw the man take a photo of something on the desk.他躲在门后面,从那里他看见那个人拍摄了桌子上的什么东西一下.(指from behind the door"从门后面",并非指from the door"从门")二、拆开从句中极固定的动词搭配5. He was the boy after whom the woman had looked for many years. (whom the woman had looked after for many years)简析:假设将定语从句中搭配极为固定的短语中的介词提前,其中的短语可能会失去它们本身的意义或可能使句子产生歧义,如look after, look for, depend on, go in for (迷恋)等短语.三、介词与定语从句所修饰的先行词搭配不当6. The farm in which we worked ten years ago isn't what it used to be. (on)7. She wanted to find the way with which she could make everyone live more happily. (in)简析:6. on the farm为习惯搭配,表示"在农场";7. in与way搭配,表示"用……方法,以……方式".四、介词与定语从句中的谓语局部搭配不当8. In the dark street, there wasn't a single person from whom she could turn for help. (to)9. This is the tree in which the boat was tied. (to)10. Can you find an object with which your toy is similar? (to)简析:8. turn to sb. for help表示"向某人求助";9. tie与to连用,表示"拴/系到……上";10. similar与to搭配,表示"与……相似".五、介词与句子的具体含义搭配不当11. I can't remember the age in which I won that prize. (at)12. That is the age at which people live in peace and happy. (in)简析:根据全句意义,11中的age作"年岁"解,应与at搭配;12中的age表示"时期,时代",应与in搭配.。

专题定语从句要点导航一、考点考点1：关系代词引导的定语从句考点2：不缺成分时的关系词选用（所属关系或关系副词做状语）考点3：介词+关系词=where / when / why考点4：as 引导的定语从句二、易错点：1）that 与which 的用法区别2）抽象地点名词与特殊先行词the way, the reason, time3）关系代词与关系副词混用：看到先行词为地点、时间，不加分析就填where、when。

4）并列句、状语从句、名词性从句与定语从句用法混淆5）定语从句中的主谓一致三、解题步骤：1.判断从句类型2.分析句子成分是否完整，选择相应的关系词n ____谓宾（缺主语）n + ____主+谓.....缺宾语（若v为不及物动词，则不缺宾语，此时需看先行词指的是when/where/why）n + ____主+谓+ 宾语（成分完整，此时需看先行词指的是when/where/why；还是whose）四、类型：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句______ 谓（宾）... . (which / who / as)______ 主+ 谓（宾）... . (when / where)主+ 谓...... ,______ 名... . (whose)介______ ... . (which / whom)eg. 1) People from all walks of life come to my house，from________I’ve gained lots of social experiences.2) No one can ignore the rich culture____(date) back to ancient times.3) Find a native Chinese, ________pronunciation is quite perfect to correct you.4) Our office wasn’t far from Chinatown, ________ I found some very good Chinese restaurant.5) There are many reasons _________ people want to engage in voluntourism.注意：定语从句中的省略现象。

定语从句知识梳理1. 定语从句的概念定语从句（也称形容词性从句），一个句子跟在一个名词或代词（先行词）后进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。

2. 定语从句的关系词易错知识点1. 混淆that 和which 的用法that 和which 都是关系代词，在句中可做主语、宾语、表语。

一般来说，当先行词是物的时候，两者都可以用，但并不是都通用。

要注意一些只能用that 或者只能用which的特殊情况。

1.1 易错例题1This is the very book ________I've looked everywhere for.A. thatB. asC. whatD. which【陷阱】误选D。

认为A/D都正确。

【分析】最佳答案A。

本句是定语从句，先行词为the very book，切忌看到物就直接选which，要注意这里book前面有the very 修饰，关系词只能用that。

【点拨】只能用that的情况有：☆当先行词为：all，little，few，much，none 及some-，any-，no-，every- 与thing 所组成的复合单词时，只能用that。

如：There is nothing that will stop us making progress.没有事情会阻止我们进步。

☆当先行词前面有only，some，any，no，every，little，few，much，all，very等形容词修饰时，只能用that。

如：This is the only problem that we can't work out. 这是我们不能解决的唯一的一个问题。

☆当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用that。

如：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。

☆当先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用that。

高考英语一轮复习语法专题：定语从句易错点及练习巩固误区一关系词的漏用或关系词的误用(1)【误】There are many people think that wealth is better than health.【正】There are many people who/that think that wealth is better than health.【正】There are many people thinking that wealth is better than health.[分析] 此句是there be句型，故判断“think that ...”用作定语；先行词是people，从句中缺少主语，故用who/that引导定语从句，相当于现在分词thinking。

(2)【误】I still remember the days when I spent with farmers in the countryside.【正】I still remember the days (that/which) I spent with farmers in the countryside.[分析] 先行词是the days，从句动词spent缺少宾语，故用关系代词that/which 引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，可省略。

(3)【误】All the books which were borrowed from the library must be returned on time.【正】All the books that were borrowed from the library must be returned on time.[分析] 当定语从句的先行词被all, some, any, no, few等修饰时，关系代词用that。

(4)【误】Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, who is quite unexpected.【误】Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, as is quite unexpected.【正】Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, which is quite unexpected.[分析] 考查非限制性定语从句，先行词并非children，而应为整个主句所述的内容，另as在引导非限制性定语从句时，常用于肯定，而which常用于否定，故本题应用which 来引导非限制性定语从句。

定语从句难点透视定语从句的引导词分为关系代词（who， whom， whose， which， that）和关系副词（where， when， why）两类，这些引导词在引导定语从句的同时均在从句中充当成分。

关系代词可作主语、宾语和定语，作宾语时可省略；关系副词可作状语，一般不能省略。

下面简单介绍一下定语从句的难点。

一、介词（短语） + 关系代词 / 副词1. 此处关系代词只能是which / whom / whose / where / when，而不能用who / that.如：They arrived at an old building， in front of which stood a tower. He climbed up to the top of the tree， from where he could see clearly what was happening in the woods.2. 不定代词 / 数词 + of which / whom.如：Mrs. Green has three sons， none of whom works in the city. The boys discovered many pictures on the walls of the cave， most of which dated back to 15，000 years ago.比较：The boys discovered many pictures on the walls of the cave， most of them dating back to 15，000 years ago. （此处是独立主格结构）二、whose whose既可指人也可指物，指物时whose + 名词 = of which + the + 名词 / the +名词 + of which.如：The plastic bottle， whose top / of which the top / the top of which is cut off， can be used as a container to grow plants in.比较：The plastic bottle，（with） the top cut off， can be used as a container to grow plants in. （此处为独立主格结构）三、which和as which和as都可引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代整个主句的内容，which 引导的从句只能放在主句后，as 引导的从句放在主句前后均可；which 意为“这一点”，as 意为“正如”。

专题06 定语从句易错点1 关系代词与关系副词的混用1. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, ＂Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand？＂A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what【错因分析】容易误选B，以为around是介词，选which用以代替前面的名词hospital，在此用作介词around的宾语。

【参考答案】C2. She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.A. whichB. whenC. howD. where【错因分析】容易误选B，机械地以为时间名词后必需用关系副词when，地址名词后用关系副词where。

【试题解析】在时间名词和地址名词后是不是用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成份。

一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。

该题中的动词spent缺宾语，故应用关系代词which或that。

【参考答案】A1.定语从句相当于一个形容词，起定词作用，修饰名词或代词2.定语从句的引导词的三种功用:( 1)引导定语从句(2)替代先行词(3)在定语从句中充当必然的成份。

3.解题要领:按照定语从句中所缺成份来肯定是用关系代词仍是关系副词，决不要因先行词是时间名词就用when，是地址名词就用where。

1. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employeesenjoy their work.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. who【答案】A【名师点睛】定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需要牢牢抓住两点：第一、找准先行词。

高考英语考前冲刺精选语法资料例析定语从句的十大易错点定语从句是中学英语教学中的一个重要语法项目，也是历届高考的热点所在。

易错点一：关系代词和关系副词的混用例 1. I’ll never forget the days _____I spent in New York with you.例 2. I’ll never forget the days ______ I visited New York with you.析：例 1 中的 which 或 that ；例 2 中的 when .区分关系代词和关系副词的关键是看它们在定语从句中所充当的成分。

如果定语从句中缺少主语、宾语，就应考虑使用关系代词，如例 1 .若定语从句中缺少状语，就应考虑使用关系副词，如例 2 .易错点二：固定句式出差错例 3. Mary is so lovely a girl _____ everybody loves her.例 4. Mary is so lovely a girl _____ everybody loves.析：例 3 为 that ,例 4 as .so…that 或 so…as为固定句式，后者为 as 引导的定语从句， as 在定语从句中作宾语或主语，如例 4 ；类似的固定句式还有 the same…as , such…as ， as…as 等。

前者为 that 引导的结果状语从句，该从句的成分是完整的，不缺少主语或宾语，如例 3 .易错点三：主谓不一致例 5. Tom is one of the students who ____ swimming.例 6. Tom is the only one of the students who ______ swimming.析：例 5 中为 like ；例 6 中为 likes .在“ one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，故谓语动词要用复数形式，如例 5 ；在“ the （only） one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中先行词是 one ，而不是复数名词，故谓语动词要用单数形式，如例 6 .易错点四：与强调句型及其他句型的混合例 7. Was it in the shop ____ you bought the recorder _____ you lost your pen？例 8. You’d better make a mark _____you have any questions.析：例 7 中第一个应为 where ；第二个为that例 8 中应为where .例 7 为带有定语从句的强调句,you bought the recorder为定语从句，其引导词应用 where ，后面第二个 that 才是强调句中的 that ，此句可还原为：You lost your pen in the shop where you bought the recorder .例 8 为 where 引导的地点状语从句。

语法由介词+关系代词引导的定语从句1. 介词+关系代词中介词的位置关系代词whom，which，whose在从句中作介词宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间（that，who不可以），也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。

例如：He is a man of rich experience, from whom much can be learned.=He is a man of rich experience, whom much can be learned from.他是个经验丰富的人，从他那里能学到很多。

The school in which he once worked is a key school.=The school (which/that) he once worked in is a key school.他曾经工作过的学校是一所重点学校。

The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.=The manager whose company I'm working in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我就职的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。

2. 介词+关系代词的常见结构(1) 介词+which/whom例如：This is the famous singer about whom we have often talked.这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家。

Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost.很幸运，我们带了一张地图，如果没有的话，我们就会迷路了。

高考英语备考易错点睛系列考前必读高考研究定语从句是英语三大类从句中最难的一类，其难点主要在于很多学生在学习时分不清先行词，不能正确使用关系代词、关系副词。

因此在学习定语从句时，务必搞清定语从句的概念、关系词的正确选择和使用情况等。

预测今后高考定语从句的考查还将是对关系代词和关系副词的考查。

易错点睛易错点1 混淆关系代词和关系副词【易错题l】—What do you think of teacher ,Bob？—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting .A. whereB. whichC. whenD. that【错因透视】引导定语从句的关系副词有where，when和why，假设引导词在定语从句中作状语，就要考虑用关系副词引导定语从句。

这时先行词假设是表示地点的名词，就用where引导定语从句；先行词假设是表示时间的名词，就用when引导定语从句；先行词假设是表示原因的名词(reason)，就用why引导定语从句。

如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year．这就是我们去年住过的那个山村。

I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you．我永远忘不了和你一起工作的那些日子。

She didn’t tell me the reason why she was late．她没有告诉我迟到的理由。

【易错题2】Do you still remember the chicken farm we visited three months ago?A. whereB. whenC. thatD. what【解析】考生容易误选A项，误以为先行词是表示地点的名词，就用关系副词where引导定语从句。

专题05 代词易错点解题方法（三）由于代词中的关系代词非常具有特色，所以在此特设专讲。

首先我们要知道关系代词又称定语从句引导词。

定语从句是各类从句学习的重点,也是难点。

同学们在学习中常遇到一些难题,出现一些错误。

引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有6个: that, which, who, whom, whose, as.5.关系代词引导的定语从句：1）.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。

Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.2）. whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。

Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。

The man ( whom / who ) you met just now is my old friend.3）。

which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。

Football is a game which is liked by most boys.主语4）。

that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。

在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。

The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.5）. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。

I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.下面我们看例题：改正下列定语从句中的典型错误：1. Is this the pen your father bought it for you?[答案]:去掉it。

语法填空--易错从句考点距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

从句是每年高考语法填空的必考点，正确判断填写状语从句的连词、定语从句的关系词、并列句的并列连词及名词性从句的连接词的至关重要。

准确判断是哪种从句是关键，然后关键句子的成分判断用连词还是关系词。

从句知识遍布高中英语中的各个分册中的每个单元。

易错06……易错从句考点（6）一、并列句的典型错误分析及对策【高考典例】1.【2023·浙江1月卷】During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing ____56____ arranged the residential areas according to social classes.【答案】and【解析】考查连词。

专题06 定语从句——备战2023年高考英语考试易错题【导入】“缺什么，补什么”，准确选用关系词1．如果先行词指人，且定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用who/that，非限制性定语从句中用who。

2．如果先行词指人，且定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom，非限制性定语从句中用whom。

3．如果先行词指物，且定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that，非限制性定语从句中用which。

4．如果先行词指时间，且定语从句中缺少时间状语，定语从句中用when；如果先行词指地点，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，则定语从句中用where；如果定语从句中缺少的是主语或宾语，则用that/which。

5．无论先行词指人还是指物，只要关系词在定语从句中作定语就用whose。

6．如果先行词指人，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用whom；如果先行词指物，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用which。

技巧1 关系副词引导的定语从句1. Then the day came ______ I finally realized I had to make a change.【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：后来有一天，我终于意识到我必须做出改变。

分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为the day，在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。

故填：when。

【答案】when先行词关系副词在从句中的作用与“介词＋关系代词”的关系表示时间的名词：time，day，year等when 作时间状语＝at/in/on/during which表示场所的名词：park，place，country，house等where 作地点状语＝in/at/to/on which表示理由的名词：thewhy 作原因状语＝for whichreason(1)先行词为有地点含义的抽象名词point，position，situation, stage, state, case, scene，spot 等后也常用where引导定语从句。

考点24 ＂介词＋关系代词＂引导的定语从句高三频度：★★★★★考向一＂介词+关系代词＂引导的定语从句●＂介词＋关系代词＂的用法当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，咱们通常常利用＂介词＋关系代词＂引导定语从句。

若是指＂人＂，用＂介词＋whom＂；若是指＂物＂，用＂介词＋which＂。

●＂介词＋关系代词＂构造中介词的选用1.一般来讲，肯定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的意义；②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思。

☞I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永远不会忘记孩童时期我在乡村度过的光阴。

2.表示＂整体和局部关系＂，介词常常利用of。

在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。

☞John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大局部是家庭成员。

3.有时＂介词＋where＂可以引导定语从句，此时要和＂介词＋which＂引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。

☞His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees.他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除树木他什么也看不到。

(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window)●在定语从句中，含介词的短语动词不可拆开利用(短语拆开后含义发生转变)，如look after, look for等。

●＂of which / whom＂有时可以用＂whose＋名词＂构造来改写。