高考英语复习——关于代词和介词(短语)的语法填空

第五讲代词和介词语篇型语法填空对代词的考查重点考查人称代词，其次考查不定代词以及作形式主语或形式宾语的it。

考查时可能给出代词的主格形式，要求考生填其宾格、所有格或反身代词形式。

在短文改错中主要考查上下文人称不一致，单复数不一致，性别指代不一致，人称代词的格的误用以及疑问代词的误用等。

语篇型语法填空对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法上，考查形式为非提示型。

对介词短语的考查形式常常是给出与介词搭配的实词，而设空处往往要求考生填出构成固定搭配的介词。

在短文改错中，主要考查介词的误用。

介词的误用主要涉及及物动词后接宾语时误加介词和在不及物动词后接宾语时漏加介词、介词与其他各类词的搭配错误、常用介词的基本用法错误以及习语中介词误用等。

考点一人称代词、物主代词、反身代词(一)人称代词人称代词的主格作主语；宾格可作宾语也可作表语或同位语。

◆只有在不幸时才能真正了解一个人。

——拿破仑(二)物主代词形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句中只能作名词或动名词的前置定语，不能单独使用。

名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，可单独作主语、表语和宾语，也可与of连用作后置定语，但不能单独作定语。

到那时，这只熊猫不再需要从它的母亲那里获取食物。

◆(朗文辞典)The main difference between our brains and those of monkeys is that ours are bigger.我们的大脑和猴子的大脑之间的主要差别在于我们的要大些。

(三)反身代词反身代词在句中可用作宾语或表语、同位语。

还可以作名词或代词的同位语，加强语气，表示“亲自，本人”的意思。

feelings of other people.那些烟瘾很大的人应该提醒他们自己注意健康、难闻的气味以及他人的感受。

含有反身代词的习惯用语：by oneself单独地，独自地；for oneself亲自，为自己；devote oneself to 致力于；apply oneself to 专心致志于；enjoy oneself 过得愉快；help oneself to 随便吃；随便用；make yourself at home 不拘束；seat oneself 坐下；behave oneself 举止得体；come to oneself恢复知觉；苏醒过来；adapt/adjust oneself to适应于；abandon oneself to沉迷于，放纵于；express oneself 表达某人的思想；lose oneself in (＝be lost in)迷失于；say to oneself 心里想；talk to oneself自言自语【即时训练】Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2016·四川高考)When he came back，I found a bunch of flowers in ____________(he) hand.答案：his2．(2017·湖南桃江一中月考)Millie gave me a baby cat yesterday that hurt ____________(it) when it fell from the tree.答案：itselfⅡ.单句改错1．She did not hesitate for long：although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please her.________________ 答案：please后面的her改为him2．(2017·河北唐山高三模拟)They are heading for Florida for them honeymoon and plan to frame the treasured picture as soon as they get back.________________答案：them→their/the考点二不定代词(一)all, both, either, any, none, neither◆but neither appeared.我邀请了汤姆和迈克来参加我的生日聚会，但他们一个都没来。

三年（2017-2019）年高考真题分项汇编专题02 代词、介词和介词短语一、2019年高考真题1.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】3.A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _________who are not.A. onesB. thoseC. theseD. them【答案】B【解析】考查代词。

句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。

空格处代词与the students是对应关系，可以用the ones或者those替代。

“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词，不能与the students形成对应关系。

“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。

故选B。

2.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】27.Favorable policies are ___________ to encourage employees' professional development.A. in effectB. in commandC. in turnD. in shape【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语。

句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。

A. in effect实际上；B. in command指挥；C. in turn轮流，依次；D. in shape在外形上，处于良好的状态。

故选A。

3.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.【答案】of/for【解析】考查介词用法。

第五节代词和介词(短语)考向分析题型一关于代词和介词(短语)的语法填空1．Nervouslyfacingchallenges，IknowIwillwhisperto(I) thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”．(2019·北京)答案myself解析考查代词。

句意为：焦虑不安地面临挑战时，我知道我将轻声对自己说：“做你自己。

”此处whisperto这一动作的发出者和承受者为同一人，宾语要用反身代词。

故填myself。

2．Astudyshowsthestudentswhoareengagedinafter­sch oolactivitiesarehappierthan (that) whoarenot.(2019·天津)答案those解析考查代词。

句意为：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。

空格处代词对应thestudents，是复数，故填those。

3．Runningischeap，easyandit’salwaysenergetic.Ifyouaretimepoor，youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports，soperhapsweshouldallgiveatry.(2018·全国Ⅰ)答案running/it解析考查名词或代词。

此处号召我们尝试一下这种运动，因此可以填名词running，也可以用it指代。

givesth.atry尝试一下某事。

4．Whenthegorillas(大猩猩) andIfrightenedeachother，Iwasjustgladtofind(they) alive.(2018·全国Ⅲ)答案them解析考查代词之人称代词。

分析句子结构可知，此处要用代词作find的宾语，故要用人称代词的宾格。

高考英语语法填空解题技巧与练
习
1一、介词及介词短语
介词像个“游离体”，名前动后常出现，
一旦组成“某结构”，句中成分有一位。

“介+宾”叫“介短”，作“形、副”句里边。

“宾补、表、定、状”，都能用得上①。

“动+介”——动词性②，“及、不及物”谓语用。

成语、习语常固定，应用起来有弹性。

注①介词后面的名词、代词或数词是介词的宾语，介词和介词宾语合成介词短语。

介词短语在句中的语法作用相当于形容词或副词，在句中做宾（主）语、补足语、表语、定语或状语。

②“动词+介词（副词）”组成一个动词词组或短语动词，其语法作用相当于一个及物动词或不及物动词，在句中作谓语。

2二、介词在句中的位置
介词活跃句关键，短语合成形简单，
独作成分看不见，介短表定状可担。

before时空在之前， after之后off远。

直上 over，above斜， under，below下相反。

直到till，on表面，穿过through，for因缘。

by表旁边in里面， with伴随by车船。

时间地点at、in、on，二者between多among，behind后面beside旁，附近near沿着along。

from来自like像，表示目的for，to当。

of所属周围round，向上up向下down。

2二、介词在句中的位置。

近五年高考英语语法填空代词、介词、冠词、连词总结代词、介词、冠词、连词这几个点在高考英语语法填空中都出现过，尤其是冠词和介词是语法填空的常考点。

下面，小编将近五年高考语法填空中涉及的代词、介词、冠词、连词的题进行提炼总结，希望可以为同学们解答这一类题型提供助力。

▲2019 年全国卷IModern methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable,one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.全国卷III work not because I have to, 67 because I want to.When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was 69 joke.全国卷IIIWe were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63 dogs, seven to be exact.浙江卷Everybody wears 57 same style of clothes.But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer 61 this question is not clear.▲2018年全国卷IWhile running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming.If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.全国卷IICorn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve water quality. Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.全国卷IIIUnexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 62 top of her lungs.I was searching 67 these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 68 (they) alive.浙江卷Many westerners who / that come to China cook much less than in their owncountries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out.If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home 65 dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.▲2017年全国卷IThis trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease —the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.全国卷IIIt ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and 62 work.This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roofover 64 top.However, the railway quickly proved tobe a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 67 every day.全国卷IIIInstead, she is earning $6,500 a day as 62 model in New York.After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 68engineering or architecture.浙江卷“She thought I had hurt 59 (I),”says Pahlsson.For Pahlsson, its return was 65 wonder.▲2016 年全国卷IBut my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s. On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one isbeing bottle-fed, 70 other is with mum —she never suspects.全国卷IIMost of us are more focused 64 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 68 while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.全国卷IIIIn much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl”cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 61 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.Chopsticks are not used everywhere inAsia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 70 their hands.▲2015 年全国卷IA few hours before / earlier, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with 63 (it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away66 car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.全国卷IIThe adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 62most modern of architects and engineers.When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; 67 the same time, they warm up again for the night.参考答案（滑动查看答案）▲2019 年全国卷I63. of / for method of / for 是固定搭配，意为“……的方法”。

步骤四巩固兼提升，满分收囊中一、代词专练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2018·贵州黔东南州第一次联考)As early as the Warring States Period,in order to protect (they),kingdoms built walls around their territories(领土)．[解析]protect后面接反身代词，表示保护某人自己。

结合句意，应填themselves。

[答案]themselves2．(2018·山西45校第一次联考)Wouldn't be amazing to have this kind of self－confidence?[解析]后面的动词不定式短语to have this kind of self－confidence作句子中真正的主语，故前面需要用it作形式主语。

[答案]it3．(2018·安徽合肥第一次联考)Unlike those taxis,my vehicle does not run on petrol or diesel (柴油)or even gas,runs on my sweat.[解析]此处的it是替代词，替代了前面的my vehicle。

[答案]it4．(2018·湖南益阳、湘潭调研)Does your diet affect(you)mood?[解析]句意：“你的饮食会影响情绪吗？”由空处后的名词mood可知此处应填形容词性物主代词，根据句意可知此处应该是“你的”，故填your。

[答案]your5．(2018·黑龙江大庆四校联考)I started sounding more confident and realized that the more confident you sound,the moreseems that you know what you are doing.[解析]此处考查了句型It seems that...“看起来……”。

第2讲代词和介词/介词短语(一) 代词[析考点·规律探密]真题体验透视命题规律授课提示：对应学生用书第12页近几年高考对代词的考查主要集中在代词的基本用法上，因此这类试题一般较为简单。

语法填空和短文改错对代词的考查主要集中在不定代词、反身代词、形容词性物主代词和代词的格等的用法上。

【考点练悟】(单句语法填空)1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them(they) alive.2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25,000 people were using it every day.3．(2017·浙江卷)“She thought I had hurt myself (I)，”says Pahlsson.4．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by its (it) mother.5．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)A few hours before, I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with its (it) choking smog.[规律总结]1．人称代词主格在句中只能作主语用，一般在纯空格题中考查。

2．人称代词宾格在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。

3．形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语。

4．名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。