2016年北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研复习规划,考研真题,翻译技巧,考研参考书

16年翻译硕士考研详解与指导北京外国语大学北外翻译硕士（MTI)我的考研路1:翻译基础：翻译基础是专业课_，满分150,对于注重专业课成绩的北外来说更是重要。

北外的翻译基础考试分为三部分，第一部分是短语翻译，汶译英英译汶各15个，每个1分；第二部分是英译汶，60分，共两篇，每篇的字数在200字左右；第三部分是汶译英，60分，共两篇，每篇字数也是200-300字。

先说说短语翻译吧，短语翻译一共30分，希望大家好好研究北外的真题，就会发现北外出题很喜欢时事，政经类的词汇，还有一些很热的词汇，比如13年就考到了“屌丝”“富二代”，也很喜欢新闻热点。

这种偏重时事的特点在短语翻译和后面的段落翻译里都非常明显，13年的段落翻译还考到一片汶译英有关辽宁号航母。

所以短语翻译大家一定要在平常下功夫，我的方法是：1:每天看China Daily,将我认为有用有趣有考点的词汇或术语记下来，我都是放到有道笔记或者有道单词本里，平时有空就回过头复习这些词汇。

再啰嗦下真题真的很重要，多看几遍真题后，你看到一些词汇，就会本能的觉得它可能考到，就会有感觉。

2：好好关注当年新出炉的ZF工作报吿，把其英文翻译当学习材料，还是把专业术语啊词汇啊什么的记下来，按时复习。

3:每天拿出点时间上英语点津，上面有新词新译啊，政治热词经济热词什么的，整理重要的按时复习。

4:做一个有心的人，关注社会热点新闻，关注流行词汇，看到一个词就想想如果翻译成英文怎么说，就像“屌丝”，我一介无节操老学姐不知道看过多少遍这个词，但就是没想过该怎么翻译，在考场上只好现场发挥，后来考完给一同学电话，他笑话我说，不就是“loser”嘛。

其实想想，我们如果真的爱翻译，平常就该多站在翻译的坐标系里看问题，看到有趣的词就想想该怎么翻译，这才是有专业意识。

然后是段落翻译，北外虽然注重时事政经，但也经常会有很文学的考题，比如13年就考了“道”，关于“道”的理解啊，道还和那个字谐音啊，有什么深意啊，各种深度各种哲学，直接把我翻蒙了，难度挺大的。

2016年北京外国语大学考研翻译硕士考研真题考研经验考研笔记汉译英汉语英语处理方法句汉语重“意合”，竹，组句方式相对灵活，整个句子所要表达的中心思想为构建英语重“形合”，树，围绕SV构建竹型句：语意内容→语法结构，汉译英是建立在充分理解和推敲原文逻辑关系基础上的1.找准语意中心，以此确定SV主干2.理解原文语意中心和其他各小句的逻辑语义关系，分清主次轻重3.用英语的各种手段将原文的各次要部分按逻辑关系有机连接在确定的译文的SV主干上，完成全句的空间架构动词铺排句：靠扩展程序结构，旁支延伸、前呼后拥来实现，除SV主句词之外的任何次要动作，都必须用明确的显性手段来加以标记铺陈再前，句意在后铺陈再前，句意在后主观意念很明显客观意义很明显。

英语名族采取的是客体思维方式，注重物对人的影响，力求语言客观公正汉语是“蹦”出来的，一字一字的，单字独立性更强，可独立成句英语是“流”出来的，可前后连贯，互为照应铺陈再前，句意在后句意在前，叙述在后汉语英语处理方法主语和谓语主语的地位并不重要，统摄多个分句，即使逻辑关系发生变化也不一定明言统摄全局，不可缺总法则：补充和转换1.运用被动结构(1)有些事物表示存在或出现的无主语(2)某些表示要求规定的无主语(3)有些无主语突出宾语部分（采用动宾结构），在翻译时可不用补出主语而用原句中的宾语来充当主语2.名词结构做主语。

找重心，突出重心3.运用there be结构。

无主句时【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌育明教育官网4.运用形式主语it5.代词。

主语（主位）是一个话题，信息中心；述题（述位）是对话题的阐述、说明、叙述甚至承叙，故句意位置靠后主语（主位）的功能是表示动作者；谓语的功能表示动作，补助语来表示目标，附加语来表示状态，述位之间表示一种施事关系常把所描述的对象或所涉及的主题当主语，对象和主题不同于句意语法意义，句意意义，句意位置在前，但尾重汉语常出现无主句，谓语随性很强英语必有主语。

北京外国语大学2014年硕士研究生入学考试试题招生专业：翻译硕士（英语口、笔译）科目名称：英语翻译基础(考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效）I.Translate the following terms into Chinese(15points,1point each):1.UNDP-2.OECD countries3.bailout loans4.EBITA5.venture capital6.telepresence7.carbon footprint8.forensic medicine9.key encryption technology10.United Arab Emirates11.extradition treaty12.seismic monitoring13.procrastination14.flip phone'15.Mack DaddyII.Translate the following terms into English(15points,1point each):1.大部制2.石油输出国组织3.生物圈4.涨停板5.浮动汇率6.计划免疫7.学生减负8.通识教育9.B超10.自媒体11.土地承载能力12.小产权房13.土豪14.胶原蛋白15.经济适用男III.Translate the following passages into Chinese(60points)1.Never before had the world such a tremendous scientific-technical potential,sucha capacity to generate wealth and well-being.Authentic technological wonders that have made any place in the world to be always close with regard to distances and communications have not been capable of bringing well-being for everybody,but only for a meager15%living in the countries of the North.The abysm between North and South is now so huge,that the unsustainability of the current economic order and the blindness of the people who try to justify continuing to enjoy opulence and waste, are evident.The great possibilities that a globalization of solidarity and true cooperation could bring to all people in the world through the scientific-technical wonders,have been reduced by the neo-liberal model to this grotesque caricature full of exploitation and social injustice.We were asked to be ultraliberal in trade and to lift any barrier, which may obstruct the imports coming from the North,but the oral champions of free trade actually are the champions in the praxis of protectionism.The North spends one billion dollars a day in practicing what has been banned from doing,that is, subsidizing inefficient products.Today,vis-a-vis the obvious failure of neoliberalism and the great threat that the International Economic Order represents for the South,it is necessary to retake the Spirit of the South by forming an alliance among ourselves.2.After months of speculation,the final22,000-character overview of China’s“third plenum”was published on November15th.In the economic sphere the document turned out to be bolder than the initial summary suggested,but the document’s interest lies not just in the economic reforms,which were anticipated.More striking were some of the social changes the document announced,such as the relaxation of the one-child policy.A couple in which one parent is an only child will be allowed to have two children,and the policy is likely to be loosened even further.In another widely welcomed move,labour camps are to be abolished.But possibly the most important announcements were buried deep in the document and grabbed fewer headlines.Two moves in particular,namely allowing the development of“social organisations”or NGOs in essence and the separation of judicial jurisdiction systems from administrative areas,showed that the party is sensitive to the ferment in Chinese society and the demands for greater liberty and accountability that accompany it.That these two gestures towards reform were mentioned at all is encouraging,and the world is keen to know*whether Chinese leadership will honor their words in the plenary document that they u dare to gnaw through even tough bones,dare to ford dangerous rapids,break through the fetters of ideological concepts with even greater resolution.1.近年来，海淀区围绕高新技术产业的技术创新和公共科技服务需求，加速各种创新要素的聚集，不断完善科技服务业，基本形成了研发设计、成果转移转化、创新创业、科技金融和科技咨询等科技服务业的完整链条，有效的促进了科技成果的转化和产业化。

北京外国语大学2014年硕士研究生入学考试试题招生专业：翻译硕士（英语口、笔译）科目名称：英语翻译基础(考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效）I.Translate the following terms into Chinese(15points,1point each):1.UNDP-2.OECD countries3.bailout loans4.EBITA5.venture capital6.telepresence7.carbon footprint8.forensic medicine9.key encryption technology10.United Arab Emirates11.extradition treaty12.seismic monitoring13.procrastination14.flip phone'15.Mack DaddyII.Translate the following terms into English(15points,1point each):1.大部制2.石油输出国组织3.生物圈4.涨停板5.浮动汇率6.计划免疫7.学生减负8.通识教育9.B超10.自媒体11.土地承载能力12.小产权房13.土豪14.胶原蛋白15.经济适用男III.Translate the following passages into Chinese(60points)1.Never before had the world such a tremendous scientific-technical potential,sucha capacity to generate wealth and well-being.Authentic technological wonders that have made any place in the world to be always close with regard to distances and communications have not been capable of bringing well-being for everybody,but only for a meager15%living in the countries of the North.The abysm between North and South is now so huge,that the unsustainability of the current economic order and the blindness of the people who try to justify continuing to enjoy opulence and waste, are evident.The great possibilities that a globalization of solidarity and true cooperation could bring to all people in the world through the scientific-technical wonders,have been reduced by the neo-liberal model to this grotesque caricature full of exploitation and social injustice.We were asked to be ultraliberal in trade and to lift any barrier, which may obstruct the imports coming from the North,but the oral champions of free trade actually are the champions in the praxis of protectionism.The North spends one billion dollars a day in practicing what has been banned from doing,that is, subsidizing inefficient products.Today,vis-a-vis the obvious failure of neoliberalism and the great threat that the International Economic Order represents for the South,it is necessary to retake the Spirit of the South by forming an alliance among ourselves.2.After months of speculation,the final22,000-character overview of China’s“third plenum”was published on November15th.In the economic sphere the document turned out to be bolder than the initial summary suggested,but the document’s interest lies not just in the economic reforms,which were anticipated.More striking were some of the social changes the document announced,such as the relaxation of the one-child policy.A couple in which one parent is an only child will be allowed to have two children,and the policy is likely to be loosened even further.In another widely welcomed move,labour camps are to be abolished.But possibly the most important announcements were buried deep in the document and grabbed fewer headlines.Two moves in particular,namely allowing the development of“social organisations”or NGOs in essence and the separation of judicial jurisdiction systems from administrative areas,showed that the party is sensitive to the ferment in Chinese society and the demands for greater liberty and accountability that accompany it.That these two gestures towards reform were mentioned at all is encouraging,and the world is keen to know*whether Chinese leadership will honor their words in the plenary document that they u dare to gnaw through even tough bones,dare to ford dangerous rapids,break through the fetters of ideological concepts with even greater resolution.1.近年来，海淀区围绕高新技术产业的技术创新和公共科技服务需求，加速各种创新要素的聚集，不断完善科技服务业，基本形成了研发设计、成果转移转化、创新创业、科技金融和科技咨询等科技服务业的完整链条，有效的促进了科技成果的转化和产业化。

2016年北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研真题，考研参考书，考研辅导英语翻译基础357一、短语翻译15个英译汉15分1.AKA2.RSVP3.GUI4.CIF5.TPP6.Grand Prix7.Life expectancy8.Payabale at sight9.No loitering10.World Anti-Doping Agency11.Cholesterol12.National treatment13.Interpol14.Insurance policy15.displaced people15个汉译英15分1.和平共处五项原则2.阅兵3.华侨4.21世纪海上丝绸之路5.抗日战争6.佣金7.人民币离岸市场8.传销9.川菜10.转基因玉米11.电磁炉12.农药残留13.不可抗力14.天下为公15.消防通道二、段落翻译英译汉一篇60分：关于人类物种进化汉译英一篇60分：关于孔子简介汉语写作与百科知识448一、名词解释25分1.TPP2.哈姆莱特3.巴尔扎克4.新航路5.但丁6.斯巴达克7.普罗米修斯8.国风9.西欧近代三大思想解放运动10.阿克琉斯11.离骚12.霍去病13.张衡14.张仲景15.傅雷16.三大宗教翻译家17.小李杜18.大江健三郎19.西厢记20.牡丹亭21.一条鞭法22.昆阳之战23.癫张狂素24.川端康成25.南欧三大半岛二、应用文写作45分：写一篇倡议书三、大作文60分：以“累，并快乐着”为题写一篇散文（了解更多考研真题、考研经验、内部模拟押题等考研初试复试信息可咨询育明教育夏老师）2017年政治基础班讲义考点21：辩证思维方法的主要方法辩证思维方法的主要方法包括：归纳与演绎、分析与综合、抽象与具体、逻辑与历史相统一（一）归纳与演绎归纳和演绎是最初的也是最基本的思维方法。

1．相互区别归纳是从个别到一般的方法，即从个别事实中概括出一般原理。

演绎是从一般到个别的方法，即从一般原理推论出个别结论。

北京外国语大学2014年硕士研究生入学考试试题招生专业：翻译硕士（英语口、笔译）科目名称：英语翻译基础(考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效）I.Translate the following terms into Chinese(15points,1point each):1.UNDP-2.OECD countries3.bailout loans4.EBITA5.venture capital6.telepresence7.carbon footprint8.forensic medicine9.key encryption technology10.United Arab Emirates11.extradition treaty12.seismic monitoring13.procrastination14.flip phone'15.Mack DaddyII.Translate the following terms into English(15points,1point each):1.大部制2.石油输出国组织3.生物圈4.涨停板5.浮动汇率6.计划免疫7.学生减负8.通识教育9.B超10.自媒体11.土地承载能力12.小产权房13.土豪14.胶原蛋白15.经济适用男III.Translate the following passages into Chinese(60points)1.Never before had the world such a tremendous scientific-technical potential,sucha capacity to generate wealth and well-being.Authentic technological wonders that have made any place in the world to be always close with regard to distances and communications have not been capable of bringing well-being for everybody,but only for a meager15%living in the countries of the North.The abysm between North and South is now so huge,that the unsustainability of the current economic order and the blindness of the people who try to justify continuing to enjoy opulence and waste, are evident.The great possibilities that a globalization of solidarity and true cooperation could bring to all people in the world through the scientific-technical wonders,have been reduced by the neo-liberal model to this grotesque caricature full of exploitation and social injustice.We were asked to be ultraliberal in trade and to lift any barrier, which may obstruct the imports coming from the North,but the oral champions of free trade actually are the champions in the praxis of protectionism.The North spends one billion dollars a day in practicing what has been banned from doing,that is, subsidizing inefficient products.Today,vis-a-vis the obvious failure of neoliberalism and the great threat that the International Economic Order represents for the South,it is necessary to retake the Spirit of the South by forming an alliance among ourselves.2.After months of speculation,the final22,000-character overview of China’s“third plenum”was published on November15th.In the economic sphere the document turned out to be bolder than the initial summary suggested,but the document’s interest lies not just in the economic reforms,which were anticipated.More striking were some of the social changes the document announced,such as the relaxation of the one-child policy.A couple in which one parent is an only child will be allowed to have two children,and the policy is likely to be loosened even further.In another widely welcomed move,labour camps are to be abolished.But possibly the most important announcements were buried deep in the document and grabbed fewer headlines.Two moves in particular,namely allowing the development of“social organisations”or NGOs in essence and the separation of judicial jurisdiction systems from administrative areas,showed that the party is sensitive to the ferment in Chinese society and the demands for greater liberty and accountability that accompany it.That these two gestures towards reform were mentioned at all is encouraging,and the world is keen to know*whether Chinese leadership will honor their words in the plenary document that they u dare to gnaw through even tough bones,dare to ford dangerous rapids,break through the fetters of ideological concepts with even greater resolution.1.近年来，海淀区围绕高新技术产业的技术创新和公共科技服务需求，加速各种创新要素的聚集，不断完善科技服务业，基本形成了研发设计、成果转移转化、创新创业、科技金融和科技咨询等科技服务业的完整链条，有效的促进了科技成果的转化和产业化。

2016年北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研复习规划英语翻译基础：词组翻译：《中国日报》英语点津的时政新词和新词新译（每周总结背诵）第五版最新汉英特色词汇词典（共400页，熟记熟背）北外历年真题词组总结英汉互译：每周至少三组翻译练习，练完对照译文总结背诵（推荐书籍：《张培基散文翻译》，专八阅读，政府工作报告，108篇，二笔二口考试书籍）百科知识：1.词条：整理好的1300词条（令可以多看《中国文化要略》，英美文化概况等书）2.应用文写作：公文写作各个题材整理联系，保证两星期一个题材3.大作文：高考满分作文，每月一篇练手4.北外历年真题日语：1.标日前四册---上，中（大四开学前完成）2.N2词汇，语法3.北外历年真题政治：1.肖秀荣系列（肖秀荣精讲精练，肖秀荣1000题，肖秀荣的命题人讲真题，肖秀荣最后八套，风中劲草大纲，肖四任四，肖秀荣时政）2.临考前一个月的小册子2015北京外国语大学翻译硕士汉语写作与百科知识考研真题百科词条1、尼罗河2、战略伙伴关系3、四大菩萨4、十字军资料来源：育明考研考博官网5、中亚五国6、日心说7、元素周期律8、丝绸之路经济带9、金字塔10、APEC11、金砖四国12、九大行星13、六部（唐朝）14、牡丹亭15、东盟16、IS17、南北战争18、二十八宿19、《俄狄浦斯王》20、“三一律”21、“新寓言”派22、《菊与刀》23、北约24、苏辛资料来源：育明考研考博官网25、《说文解字》应用文是写一则消息（新闻）大作文是“让失去变得可爱”为题目6.6.4调整搭配，重新组合将各个单位转换成相对应的汉语小句后，这些汉语小句在形式上都成了一些彼此独立、互不相关的语言个体。

接下去，译者必须照汉语民族特有的思维逻辑来调整语序，然后再用适当的关联词语将各个独立的汉语小句连接起来，以使句意前后连贯，表达自然流畅。

（一）调整语序翻译长句时对语序的调整方法不外乎如下四种：一、保留原句语序，即顺译；二、改变原句语序，即逆译；三、将一部分从长句中抽出来单独翻译，即分译；四、部分保留、部分改变原句语序，即综合译法。

2016年北京第二外国语学院翻译硕士考研翻译基础复习1.词语翻译这一部分是因校而异的。

因此，同学们在备考时，一定要好好研究自己目标院校的历年试题，抓住每个学校考试的侧重点，看词语翻译到底是跟中国文化有关还是跟政治经济有关，这样才能更有针对性地复习。

范围再大一些，把历年所有考过的词语翻译研究下。

其他的全靠平时积累了。

2.而对于篇章翻译，没有捷径可走，不存在什么速成的办法。

在150分的翻译基础卷中，篇章翻译起码要占到100分，可能包括一到两篇的汉译英，以及一到两篇的汉译英。

这样来看，这一部分的量还是很大的，也就使我们不容易判断翻译的类型是散文类还是时文类的，或是经贸类的，还是外交类的。

因此，这就要求大家具备较高的翻译素质。

但翻译素质的提高，并不是一天两天的事，也不是听某个老师讲了翻译理论就可以达到的，更多的还是依赖同学们自己大量反复的练习，以及，要依赖老师有效的指导和修改。

有的同学认为翻译有了答案就可以了。

但事实上，看没有指导下的答案就只能让你看到与好的翻译的差距，并不能帮你找到缩小差距的方法，不能指出你的不足是什么。

这个时候你就要自己去寻找不足之处。

“Practice does not make perfect,only perfect practice makes perfect.”练习翻译的材料有很多选择，可以用学校列出的参考书目，没有参考书目的可以用三级笔译实务或二级笔译实务以及配套的练习，可以用经济学人杂志。

至于张培基的散文我个人认为没有必要全看，可以挑部分练习及背诵。

专八翻译也可以拿来练，如果是两段的话跟专八翻译差不多篇幅。

2016年北京第二外国语学院翻译硕士备考策略1.全面认识并了解考研英语英语一还是英语二?考研英语自2010年起，分为英语一和英语二。

英语一和英语二在试卷结构、题目类型以及考查侧重点、试题难度等方面均存在一定差异，所以一定要根据考研英语大纲了解对应的题型及相关信息。

同时不同院校、不同专业、不同考试年份在到底考英语一和英语二这个问题上也不太一样。

2016年北京外国语大学翻译学考研专业目录、招生人数、参考书目、历年真题、复试分数线、答题方法、复习经验指导一、2016年北京外国语大学翻译学专业考研招生目录专业代码、名称及研究方向招生人数考试科目备注001-英语学院0502Z2翻译学9（08）英语翻译理论与实践①101政治②二外（242俄语、243法语、244德语、245日语、246西班牙语，选一）③611英语基础测试（技能）④812英汉互译（笔译）二、2015年北京外国语大学翻译学专业考研复试分数线考试科目政治外语复试要求两门专业总分总分翻译学5252221345三、2016年北京外国语大学翻译学专业考研参考书科目名称书名作者出版社812英汉互译《翻译研究》TranslationStudiesBassnett,Susan.外教社,2004812英汉互译《当代翻译理论（第二版修订本）》ContemporaryTranslationTheoriesGentzler,Edwin.外教社,2004812英汉互译《当代西方翻译理论选读》马会娟、苗菊编外语教学与研究出版社,2009年四、历年北京外国语大学翻译学专业考研真题（回忆版）611英语基础测试（技能）（2014年）下面这段是考试的内容（从原文第二和第三段里挑的），划线部分是正确答案，括号里是考题里的错误（第三个想不起来了），括号括起来的两句也有考点，但是我记不清考题里把错设置在哪儿了（因为在这两句里我发现了被我认为是错的，但是其实没错的词……TAT）。

In Hardy’s fiction and poetry,letters areready sources of excitement and suspense,harbingers of loss anddisappointment.They go missing, fall into(to)the wrong hands,orarrive too late(lately),bringing home the hopes and love of a soldieralready killed in action.Most famously, Tess’s letter of confession,hastilypushed not just under the door but under the carpet too,remains unread by thepriggish Angel Clare,as Hardy delivers his most powerful attack on theVictorian sexual double standard.Hardy’s own letters were places for quiet(quite)reflection and deepening emotional ties,for occasional advice,details to visitors of the times of the Waterloo trains,and for publicprotests on (towards)the iniquity of war and【against cruelty to animals.They ensured regular contact with his friends and the publishingworld,contained correctives to readings of his work.】More than anyother form,lettersprovide(make)insight into Hardy’smany-sidedness.Writing in1907to the poet Elspeth Grahame,he expressed admiration,and not alittle(little)surprise,that she had written verses on the top of miserating with one of his American admirers,Rebekah Owen,【forhaving to get in a plumber,he suggested that she take up plumbing herself.Such solid practical advice exists】alongside Hardy the naturalmodernist,writing(write)to tell Arthur Symons that he liked his poem“Haschisch”(the world is“the phantom of a haschisch dream”),discussingtimeless reality an d the nature o f matter at the drop of a hat.812英汉互译（笔译）（2013）第一题是关于生物燃料的，没有生词，字数很少，句子结构很比较简单。

北京外国语大学2014年硕士研究生入学考试试题招生专业：翻译硕士（英语口、笔译）科目名称：英语翻译基础(考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效）I.Translate the following terms into Chinese(15points,1point each):1.UNDP-2.OECD countries3.bailout loans4.EBITA5.venture capital6.telepresence7.carbon footprint8.forensic medicine9.key encryption technology10.United Arab Emirates11.extradition treaty12.seismic monitoring13.procrastination14.flip phone'15.Mack DaddyII.Translate the following terms into English(15points,1point each):1.大部制2.石油输出国组织3.生物圈4.涨停板5.浮动汇率6.计划免疫7.学生减负8.通识教育9.B超10.自媒体11.土地承载能力12.小产权房13.土豪14.胶原蛋白15.经济适用男III.Translate the following passages into Chinese(60points)1.Never before had the world such a tremendous scientific-technical potential,sucha capacity to generate wealth and well-being.Authentic technological wonders that have made any place in the world to be always close with regard to distances and communications have not been capable of bringing well-being for everybody,but only for a meager15%living in the countries of the North.The abysm between North and South is now so huge,that the unsustainability of the current economic order and the blindness of the people who try to justify continuing to enjoy opulence and waste, are evident.The great possibilities that a globalization of solidarity and true cooperation could bring to all people in the world through the scientific-technical wonders,have been reduced by the neo-liberal model to this grotesque caricature full of exploitation and social injustice.We were asked to be ultraliberal in trade and to lift any barrier, which may obstruct the imports coming from the North,but the oral champions of free trade actually are the champions in the praxis of protectionism.The North spends one billion dollars a day in practicing what has been banned from doing,that is, subsidizing inefficient products.Today,vis-a-vis the obvious failure of neoliberalism and the great threat that the International Economic Order represents for the South,it is necessary to retake the Spirit of the South by forming an alliance among ourselves.2.After months of speculation,the final22,000-character overview of China’s“third plenum”was published on November15th.In the economic sphere the document turned out to be bolder than the initial summary suggested,but the document’s interest lies not just in the economic reforms,which were anticipated.More striking were some of the social changes the document announced,such as the relaxation of the one-child policy.A couple in which one parent is an only child will be allowed to have two children,and the policy is likely to be loosened even further.In another widely welcomed move,labour camps are to be abolished.But possibly the most important announcements were buried deep in the document and grabbed fewer headlines.Two moves in particular,namely allowing the development of“social organisations”or NGOs in essence and the separation of judicial jurisdiction systems from administrative areas,showed that the party is sensitive to the ferment in Chinese society and the demands for greater liberty and accountability that accompany it.That these two gestures towards reform were mentioned at all is encouraging,and the world is keen to know*whether Chinese leadership will honor their words in the plenary document that they u dare to gnaw through even tough bones,dare to ford dangerous rapids,break through the fetters of ideological concepts with even greater resolution.1.近年来，海淀区围绕高新技术产业的技术创新和公共科技服务需求，加速各种创新要素的聚集，不断完善科技服务业，基本形成了研发设计、成果转移转化、创新创业、科技金融和科技咨询等科技服务业的完整链条，有效的促进了科技成果的转化和产业化。