上海英语中高级口译历届真题 听力

2013年9月上海中级口译听力真题及解析Spot dictationNext, let’s talk about earthquakes on our planet. Some countries have large numbers of earthquakes. Japan is one of them. Others do not have many. For example, there are few earthquakes in Britain. There is often a great noise during an earthquake. The ground vibrates. Houses fall down. Trains run off the lines. Sometimes, there is a heavy loss of human lives.Earthquakes often happen near volcanoes, but this is not always true. The centers of some earthquakes are under the sea. The bottom of the sea suddenly moves. The powerful forces inside the earth break the rocks. The coast is shaken and great waves appear. These waves, also known as seismic waves, or tsunamis can travel long distances and rush over the land when they reach it. They are strong enough to break down houses and other buildings. Very often fires follow the most serious earthquakes. In 1906, the great earthquake at San Francisco broke the gas pipes. The gas escaped, and soon large numbers of fires were burning in the city. The water pipes were also shaken and broken, so it was not possible to put the fires out. There was no water. The Tokyo Earthquake of 1923 happened just before noon. People were cooking meals on their fires at that time. When the ground shook, the fires shook, too. Hot materials were thrown on the different parts of the houses, some of which were made of wood. Soon 134 fires were burning in the city.What kind of building stands up best in an earthquake? A building with concrete walls is perhaps the best. A steel frame will make it even stronger. The frame holds the different parts together and the walls do not easily fall. There is less chance of fire because concrete and steel do not burn. Over the years, scientists carefully studied the results of the earthquake in different parts of the world, and they are convinced that this kind of building is the safest.【解析】根据文意，本文类似一段关于地震的讲座。

高级口译笔试电子试卷答案和听力文字原稿1998.31998.3上海市英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试参考答案:SECTION 1：LISTENING TESTPart A: Spot Dictation1. formal committee meetings2. several reasons3. feel more committed to4. imaginative and informed decisions5. have drawbacks6. more group pressure7. seem to be ideal sizes 8. from the floor9. the style of its leader 10. let everyone speak11. take a vote 12. seconded and discussed13. a consensus of members 14. circulated in advance15. a list of points 16. is to2speed up17. in logical order 18. the meeting’s function19. structured and planned 20. chance conversationsPart B: Listening comprehension1-5 B D C C B 6-10 C C C D B11-15 D B A C B 16-20 D A C B DSECTION 2: READING TEST1-5 B C D A C 6-10 D B B D A11-15 C B A A D 16-20 D B A C CSECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST“责任”、“荣誉”和“国家”这三个神圣的3词庄严地责成你们应成为怎样的人，能成为怎样的人，将成为怎样的人。

2001.3上海市英语中级口译资格证书第一阶段考试SECTION 1：LISTENING TEST （40 minutes）Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.Many people nowadays are concerned about violence on television. Most of them fear that it stimulates (1) to violent or aggressive acts. However, in my lecture today, I’d like to show you, from our (2), that the consequences of experiencing television’s symbolic world of violence can be much (3).We have found that television dramatically demonstrates not only the (4) in our society, but also the risks involved in breaking society’s rules. Violence-filled programs on television show us who (5) what, and against whom. These programs teach the role of victim, and help us to accept violence as (6) which we must learn to live with or (7).We have found that people who watch a lot of television see the real world as more (8) than those who watch very little. Heavy TV viewers are (9) of strangers on the street and more fearful of the world. Their fear may well bring increasing demands for (10), and election of law-and-order politicians. When we asked viewers to (11) theirown chances of being involved in some type of violence during any given week, they provide (12) that television can induce fear and alertness: the heavy viewers were (13) percent more likely than the light viewers to pick such fearful estimates as 50-50 or one in 10, (14) a more plausible one in 100.We have found that violence on prime-time (15) cultivates exaggerated assumptions about the (16) in the real world. Fear is a universal emotion, and naturally, easy to (17). The exaggerated sense of risk and insecurity my lead to increasing demands for protection, and to (18) for the use of force by established authority. Therefore, instead of stimulating individual (19) and threatening the social order, television may have become our chief instrument of (20).Part B: Listening ComprehensionⅠ. StatementsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully. When you hear s statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.1.(A) I was the last to know about the MBA program.(B) I learned a great deal from the MBA program.(C) I misunderstood only the most difficult part of the program.(D) I dropped out of the program because it was difficult.2.(A) Our fall schedule will be discussed next Monday and Tuesday.(B) The Vice President has more meetings than her assistants do.(C) The Vice President and her assistants are not available on Monday andTuesday.(D) The Vice President and her assistants usually have full schedules twodays a week.3.(A) Few people did shopping at the supermarket because of the holidaybreak.(B) Most people did not like shopping during the holiday break.(C) The general manager was surprised that people paid little attention to hissupermarkets.(D) The general manager did not expect to see so many customers at hissupermarkets.4.(A) I don’t think he has the qualifications for such a post.(B) I am not sure if he has enough money to pay his college tuition.(C) He is not qualified to teach in the advanced Computing program.(D) He takes courses in Computing because he needs more qualifications.5.(A) Nothing can stop Jack from buying that projector.(B) The projector is so old that it becomes useless.(C) Repairing the projector is quite easy for Jack.(D) Jack has checked and found nothing in the projector.6.(A) Jenny and I do not get along because of our differences of opinion.(B) Jenny and I usually get up early most of the mornings.(C) Jenny and I can generally have a harmonious relationship.(D) Jenny and I do not get along because we make no effort to do so.7.(A) Typing the memorandum is sometimes unnecessary.(B) You will understand it if you read the memorandum a second time.(C) The first draft of the memorandum is not satisfactory.(D) The first draft of the memorandum is better than the second. one.8.(A) The study of inflation has interested both economists and governmentofficials.(B) The rate of inflation is higher than they expected.(C) Economists can not slow down the inflation rate.(D) Government officials and economists do not agree on the inflation rate.9.(A) Our company will arrange an exhibit for the Science and TechnologyWeek.(B) Our company has been upset by the city aut horities’ final decision.(C) We are displeased with the arrangement of the Science and TechnologyWeek.(D) We have dissuaded the city authorities from setting up the week’sdisplay.10.(A) Scientists have found a cure for the common cold in the past century.(B) Scientific discoveries were often misunderstood by the common people.(C) Scientists have yet to discover effective ways to conquer the cold virus.(D) Scientist have been unable to explain the cold climate in the pastcentury.Ⅱ. Talks and ConversationsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations. After each of these, you will hear a few question. Listen carefully,because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions ONLY ONCE. When you hear a question, read the four answer choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 11~1411.(A) She received an emergency call the previous day.(B) She has never been to the city before.(C) She was invited to attend a wedding ceremony.(D) She’d like to spend the weekend there.12. (A) In a minute. (B) In less than half an hour.(C) At 111:13. (D) At noon.13. (A) Someone to talk with (B) Interesting books to read.(C) Something to eat and drink. (D) Puzzles and crossword games.14. (A) Thirteen pennies. (B) Fifty pennies.(C) A pound. (D) Half price.Question 15~1815. (A) Winter. (B) Spring.(C) Summer. (D) Fall.16. (A) 150 kilometres. (B) 240 kilometres.(C) 300 kilometres.. (D) 480 kilometres.17.(A) It is cold and dry,(B) It has a variety of climates.(C) It is largely predictable.(D) It snows in winter and rains in summer.18.(A) Because they have milder and warmer climates.(B) Because they have built more holiday inns and hotels.(C) Because they are located in the tropical region.(D) Because they are abundant in cheap flowers and vegetables.Questions 19~2219.(A) They don’t like food from other countries.(B) They don’t bother much about what they eat.(C) They fell that their food is better than any other in the world.(D) They really enjoy tinned and frozen foods.20. (A) Snack. (B) Breakfast.(C) Lunch. (D) Dinner.21. (A) Eat out in a foreign restaurant. (B) Prepare a big meal at home.(C) Tour around the world (D) Give a birthday party.22.(A) Because it is full of foreign tourists.(B) Because it has got a lot of foreign restaurants.(C) Because it is an ideal place for buying frozen foods.(D) Because it has attracted many college students.Questions 23~2623.(A) It is a free meal offered by TV producers.’(B) It is an evening meal to strengthen the family relationship.(C) It is a kind of snack food, especially for TV viewers.(D) It can be prepared by children, regardless of their age.24.(A) The preparation stage and the eating stage.(B) The preparation stage and the clean-up stage.(C) The eating stage and the clean-up stage.(D) The watch-TV stage and the talking stage.25.(A) They helped with setting the dinner table.(B) They washed and cut the vegetables and meats.(C) They watched TV programs in the sitting room.(D) They went out to buy TV dinners for the family.26. (A) Just a few minutes. (B) About 20 minutes.(C) Over 30 minutes. (D) As long as the commercial break lastsQuestions 27~3027. (A) A wine-bar attendant. (B) A musical artist.(C) A computer programmer. (D) An accountant.28. (A) Central London. (B) North London.(C) South-east London. (D) West London.29. (A) Playing the piano. (B) Teaching music.(C) Managing concerts. (D) Helping to run a charity.30.(A) Doing a home concert.(B) Finding a part-time job.(C) Giving piano recitals in the North.(D) Entering for a competition.Part C: Listening and TranslationⅠ. Sentence TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You willhear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)Ⅱ. Passage TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages, you will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.(1)(2)SECTION 2: STUDY SKLLS (50 minutes)Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer your have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1~5Some children do not like school. So what else is new? But in Japan that familiar aversion has reached alarming proportions. About 50,000 unhappy youngsters a year (out of a total school-age population of 20 million) suffer what Japanese behavioral experts call school phobia. School phobia is distinguished from other common childhood and adolescent psychological and emotional disorders by the patient’s reaction to, and fear of, the idea of going to school.Typically, it begins with fever, sweating, headaches, and diarrhoea; it often progresses to complete physical inertia, depression, and even autism.A doctor on a house call found a thirteen-year-old Tokyo boy who had not been to school in more than a year. He lives in a darkened room, receiving his food through a slot under the door and lashing out violently at his parents if they came too close. Once the boy was placed in a psychiatric ward treatment, he again became an open, seemingly healthy youngster. When he was sent home, however, his symptoms returned, and he was never able to go back to school.School phobia can be cured, usually with tranquilizers and psychotherapy. Rehabilitation takes about two years. Yet victims who are put in clinics or mental wards often prefer to stay there. Their day is filled with activities like knitting, painting, music, free time, and sports. Nurses try to create a familiar environment in which the children can feel that they are taking a certain amount of responsibility for their lives and can find some sense of self-worth.The causes of school phobia are not precisely known. In a few severe cases brain disorders have been diagnosed. A more common factor may be the overprotective Japanese mother who, some psychiatrists say, leaves her children ill-prepared to face the real world. Many researchers point to the unrelenting pressures for success faced by both children and adults in Japan, where stress-related disorders of all sorts are common. In addition, the Japanese educational system is one of the world’s most rigid, suppressing a child’s individual creative and analytical development. Says Dr. Hitoshi Ishikawa, head of the department of psychosomatic medicine at Tokyo University, “The problem won’t be cured until Japanese society as a whole is cured of its deep-rooted social ills.”1. The author chooses to write about school phobia because .(A)it is something new in Japan.(B)Most children have developed the disease(C)Its symptoms are not easily perceptible(D)A n alarming proportion of Japanese children suffer from it2. Which of the following is the purpose of the second paragraph?(A)To show that school phobia can be cured.(B)To suggest a way to deal with school phobia.(C)To describe the cause of school phobia.(D)T o present a typical case of school phobia.3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?(A)School phobia, which is widespread in many countries, is no cause foralarm.(B)The problem of school phobia in Japan can not be solved unless it getsrid of its social evils.(C)Despite school phobia the Japanese educational system remains on ofthe best in the world.(D)U nrelenting pressures in the Japanese society contribute greatly tosuccess.4. From the last paragraph, we know that the causes of school phobia .(A)can be easily determined(B)are complex and manifold(C)lie exclusively in the Japanese educational system(D)o riginate from the Japanese way of bringing up children5. Th e world “unrelenting” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to .(A) unreasoning (B) continuous(C) limitless (D) unpleasantQuestions 6~10I left hospital in a taxi on the tenth day with Octavia in my arms and Lydia by my side. I was excited at the thought of getting home and having my baby to myself, but the cold of the outside air must have startled her, for she began to scream and screech violently in the taxi, and when we got home I did not quite know what to do. In hospital she had always been so quiet and sweet. I laid her down in her basket, but the mattress was a different shape from the hospital cot, and she looked strange and uncomfortable and screamed all the more fiercely. She looked odd, too, in her own Viyella nighties, after the regulation garments she had worn all her life until that afternoon. She went on and on crying, and I began to think that she would never adapt to real life. Lydia was getting almost as worried as I was, and after a while she said, as we both sate miserably and watched this small furious person, “Why don’t you feed her? That would shut her up, wouldn’t it?”I looked at my watch; it was half past four.“It’s not time to feed her yet,” I said. “In hospital, we had to feed them on the dot at five.”“Oh,” said Lydia, “half an hour one way or the other can’t make much difference.”“Don’t you think so?” I said. “But then she’ll wake half an hour early at thenext feed, and the next, and the next, and then what will I do?”“It wouldn’t matter, would it?”“I don’t know. I somehow feel thins would get all muddled and never get straight again. She was good and reasonable in hospital. And then she’ll get confused, and how will she ever know when it’s night time? How will she ever learn that it’s night?”“I should feed her,” said Lydia. “It looks to me as though she’s going to have a fit.”I didn’t think she would have a fit, but I couldn’t stand the sound of her crying, so I picked her out and fed her, and she became quiet at once, and fell asleep afterwards looking as though her mattress and nightdress were very comfortable after all. On the other hand, she did wake half an hour early at the next feed, and went on and on waking earlier, until we worked right back round the clock, for the truth was that she never went four hours but only three and a half. Looking back on it, it doesn’t seem to matter at all, but it seemed very important at the time. I remember. It took her ages, moreover, to learn about night and day, and in the end I concluded that they and been giving her secret bottles in the night at the hospital.However, on the whole, things worked out very well. I had a subsidized home help to begin with, and after a fortnight or so this woman whom Lydia had discovered, an amiable fat lady named Mrs Jennings, came in two days a week while dashed off to the library between feeds. Mrs Jennings adored babies, and I found that all her chat little darling tiny things, and where’s here little tootsie, fell quite naturally and indeed gratefully upon my ears.6. Octavia looked odd to her mother because .(A)the Viyella nighties were newly bought(B)her nightie was the wrong size(C)her clothes weren’t her usual ones(D)t he mattress was bigger than the one in the cot7. Why did Lydia suggest feeding the baby?(A)She found it was almost feeding time.(B)She obviously didn’t like the noise.(C)She could see Octavia was hungry.(D)S he believed it was better to feed her more.8. The mother didn’t want to feed the crying baby because the thought .(A)it was too early to feed her(B)the baby wanted to be fed at five(C)the baby couldn’t be hungry at the moment(D)i t would stop the baby sleeping at night9. The mother believed that in the hospital .(A)they had told her all the truth(B)they had confused the baby(C)the baby had been underfed at night(D)t here were things she hadn’t been told10. We learn from the passage that Mrs. Jennings .(A)first came in on a fortnight’s trial(B)helped the author with the baby(C)was found by Lydia in the library(D)w as not qualified for baby-sittingQuestions 11~15When the television is good, nothing—not the theatre, not the magazines, or newspapers—nothing is better. But when television is bad, nothing is worse. In invite you to sit down it front of your television set when your station goes on the air and stay there without a book, magazine, newspaper, or anything else to distract you and keep your eyes glued to that set until the station signs off. I can assure you that you will observe a vast wasteland. You will see a procession of game shows, violence, audience-participation shows, formula comedies about totally unbelievable families, blood and thunder, mayhem, more violence, sadism, murder, Western badmen, Western goodmen, private eyes, gangster, still more violence, and cartoons. And endlessly, commercials that scream and cajole and offend. And most of all, boredom. True, you will see a few things you will enjoy. But they will be very, very few. And if you think I exaggerate, try it.Is there no room on television to teach, to inform, to uplift, to stretch, to enlarge the capacities of our children? Is there no room for programs to deepen the children understatanding of children in other lands? Is there no room for a children’s news show explaining something about the world for them at their level of understanding？Is there no room of reading the great literature of the past, teaching them the great traditions of freedom?There are some fine children’s shows, but they are drowned out in the massive doses of cartoons, violence, and more violence. Must these be your trademarks? Search your conscience and see whether you cannot offer more to your young beneficiaries whose future you guard so many hours each and every day.There are many people in this great country, and you must serve all of us. You will get no argument from me if you say that, given a choice between a Western and a symphony, more people will watch the Western. I like Westerns and private eyes, too—but a steady diet for the whole country is obviously not in the public interest. We all know that people would more often prefer to be entertained than stimulated or informed. But your obligations are not satisfied if you look only to popularity as a test of what to broadcast. You are not only in show business; you are free to communicate ideas as well as to give relaxation. You must provide a wider range of choices, more diversity, more alternatives. It is not enough to cater to the nation’s whims—you must also serve the nation’s needs. The people own the air. They own it as much in prime evening time as they do at six o’clock in the morning. For every hour that the people give you—you owe them something. I intend to see that your debt is paid with service.11. The word “wasteland” (para.1) is used to describe .(A) western badlands (B) average television programs(C) TV film studios (D) theatrical plays12.C oncerning programs for children, it may be inferred that the authorbelieves that suchprograms should .(A) include no cartoons at all(B) include cultural and educational elements(C) be presented without commercial interruption(D) not deal with the Old West13. The statement “The people own the air.” (para. 4) implies .(A)Since they pay for watching television, they have a right to choose theirfavorite programs(B)They want to enjoy fresh air, because the air in the TV studio is polluted(C)They have the right to insist on worthwhile TV programs(D)They are obliged to air their views on public affairs14. Which of the following is NOT suggested in the passage(A)The needs of minorities must be met by television.(B)TV programs should be not only entertaining but also informative.(C)Violence is not a good ingredient for children’s television show.(D)C hildren’s television programs are uniformly terrible.15. The passage is most probably part of .(A) a scientific report (B) a newspaper editorial(C) a public speech (D) an academic paperQuestions 16~20With rapid growth identified as the most pressing of global population problems, the scene shifts immediately to villages in rural Kenya or urban slums in Karaas or bedrooms in Sedale where couples are making decisions about their reproductive behavior. Unlike other global issues which can be shaped directly by the actions of national and international power brokers, resolution of the problems posed by the magnitude and pace of contemporary population growth in the world ultimately depends upon the actions and behavior of a very large number of individual actors. Rapid population growth is the direct result of regular decistions made in private by literally many millions of persons throughout the world.Hence, we are all actors in the population drama. Each of us has the potential to aggravate the problem of rapid growth just as each of us can change the distribution of populations simply by moving. Population trends therefore represent nothing more than the combined decisions of many individuals, couples, and families. And, because these decisions are shaped and conditioned by commonly held values, goals, and aspirations, there are patterns to them and the actors appear to follow the broad outlines of a script.It is then evident that efforts to decrease the rate of population growth must eventually influence the decisions and behavior of many millions of couples if they are to be successful. Values and attitudes—the script that guides this behavior—must be a altered. To be even more specific, it means that couples, overwhelmingly poor and predominantly rural, in Africa, Asia, and Latin America where population growth is so high, must choose to limit the number of their children to fewer than three and must have the means to accomplish their goal. Similarly, couples in Europe, North America, and other low-fertility regions must continue to maintain their present patterns of having small families. Each couple must stick to its decision for some twenty to thirty years, or throughout their reproductive life span. In the economically less-developed world, this decision will be one that stands in stark contrast to those made by their parents and to the weight of cultural tradition.16. It can be concluded from the passage that .(A)large families may be considered as a heavy burden by the rural poor(B)the actions of national and international power brokers have animportant effect upon the decision made by the rural poor(C)the actions of those with the highest fertility, the rural poor, ultimatelydetermine the rate of population growth(D)h aving large families had more advantages than disadvantages in thosepoor areas17. The word “aggravate” (para 2) is closest in meaning to “”.(A) make clear (B) encounter(C) settle (D) make serious18. According to the author, the most effective way to decrease the rate ofpopulation growth is .(A)by making it a national policy that each couple must not give birth tomore than three children(B)by exerting more international pressure upon those high-fertility regions(C)by modifying the widely held values which guide the actions of manyindividuals and couples(D)b y providing the rural poor with means for limiting the family size19. It is obvious that the author of the passage .(A)shows indifference to the situation in the developed countries(B)is very concerned about global population problems(C)feels confident that the problem of population growth can be soonresolved(D)i s pessimistic about the future of those high-fertility20. The author has written the passage mainly for .(A) general readers (B) power brokers(C) economists (D) decision makersQuestions 21~25Sixty percent of all ethnic minorities in Britain live in London. Ethnic minorities only make up a small fraction of Britain’s population as a whole, but coming to London you could quite easily be mistaken for thinking there were many more. I have taken this for granted having grown up with this fantastic diversity of culture, background and influence. I have people all around me who talk with varying accents, speak different languages, share distinct foods and celebrate special festivals. However, London is far from being without its racial problems.The Campaign Against Racism and Fascism (CARF), a London based group, tells me that there is little doubt that, with the massive upsurge of xenophobia against asylum-seekers too, the fallout is affecting anyone perceived to be foreign or different. Recent attacks on black people have a ferocity that appalls police and community organizers a like. On March 4th this year, a 19-year-old Sudanese student, unconcernedly chatting to his white friend on a bus traveling through Wardsworth in south London, was suddenly stabbed in the stomach three times by a white youth brandishing a knife.Police investigations on this and other racist attacks have left many doubting the police’s supposed commitment to tackling r acial crime. Some say it has all been talk about target indicators with few results on the ground. But on March 24th this year, the Met. Police’s Racial and Violent Crimes T ask Force, drawing on the slow, painstaking intelligence on racial harassment gathered by their 32 Community Safety Units, carried out its first large-scale operation. In dawn raids on homes in all over London, one hundred people were arrested for offenses including racially aggravated criminal damage, grievous bodily harm,distributing racist literature and threats to kill. Over thirty people have been charged with racial offenses.Every year on our August public holiday, London, especially Notting Hill, comes alive for the Carnival. This celebration of variety, difference and the end of slavery—where I have seen people of all backgrounds, mixing, laughing and dancing together—is, I hope, the future of inter-racial relations in London. 20.The word “this” in “I have taken this for granted” (para. 1) refers to which ofthe following?(A) Sixty percent of all ethnic minorities in UK live in London.(B) Minorities only constitute a small part of UK’s population.(C) There are more minority people in Britain than it appears.(E)It is unwise for many more to come to London.21. The killing of the Sudanese student is to illustrate .(A)the brutality of attacks on black people(B)the fallout affecting anyone in poverty(C)the traffic problems in south London(D)t he unconcerned attitude of police23. The word “xenophobia” (para. 2) means “.”(A) partiality (B) arbitariness(C) discrimination (D) antipathy24. The word “intelligence” (para. 3) is closest in meaning to “.”(A) mentality (B) aptitude(C) information (D) interpretation25. What is the main topic of this passage?(A)The increasing rate of crime in London.。

2009年3月上海高级口译考试听力试题原文及答案Spot-DictationWhen Americans think about hunger, we usually think in terms of mass-starvation in far-away countries, but hunger too often lurks in our backyards. In 2006, 35.1million people, including 12.4million children in the United States did not have access to enough food for an active healthy life. Some of these individuals relied on emergency food sources and some experienced hunger. Although most people think of hungry people and homeless people as the same, the problem of hunger reaches far beyond homelessness. While the number of people being hungry or at the risk of hunger may be surprising, it is the faces of those hungry individuals that would probably most shock you. The face of hunger is the older couple who has worked hard for their entire lives, only to find their savings wiped out by unavoidable medical bills, or a single mother who has to choose whether the salary from her minimum wage job will go to buy food or pay rent, or a child who struggles to concentrat e on his schoolwork because his family couldn’t afford dinner the night before. At December 2006 survey estimated that 48 percent of those requesting emergency food assistance, were either children or their parents. Children are twice as likely to live in households where someone experiences hunger and food insecurity than adults. One in ten adults compared to one in five children live in households where someone suffers from hunger and some food insecurity. Child poverty is more wide spread in the United States than in any other industrialized country. At the same time, the US government spends less than any industrialized country to pull its children out of poverty. We have long known that the minds and bodies of small children need adequate food to develop properly. But science is just beginning to understand the full extent of this relationship. As late as the 1980s, conventional wisdom held that only the most severe forms of malnutrition actually alter brain development. The latest empirical evidence however shows that even relatively mild under-nutrition produces cognitive impairments in children which can last a life time.Talks and conversations：Q1-5M: Emily I know you’ve been the victim of a crime.F: Unfortunately, yes. Once I was mugged by some young kids.M: What happened?F: I was going home late at night, and I couldn’t see a single person on the street. And it was winter, oh, it was so cold , so I had my scarf wrapped around my face. And suddenly I walked straight into three guys, they looked about 14 or 15. and they said something threatening, like give us all your money or I’m going to kill you. I’m looking at them, because they look so young, and I’m thinking what on earth are you doing? They said blablabla, and I said, “listen, it’s very col d, give me a second, I have to take off my gloves.”M: You must be really scared.F: Well I opened my purse and all I have got is few dollars. I was so nervous and I say, “ here it is”, and they say “four dollars?” Yeah, it’s 4 dollars and they say “that’s all you have?”M: So, so then what happened?F: Well I gave them money, and i just went home, But I felt so bad when I was walking down the street. You know I really had mixed feelings about it. I wanted to say Guys what are you doing? You know, go home, you asre ruining your lifes. And I think why are those kids on the street doing things they are not supposed to do? Something stupid, really stupid. That could lead to something worse.M: Why do you think Kids get involved in stealing?F: I don’t know , I mean it was only four dollars, you look at kids getting involved in this kind of small crime , and you think who is responsible? I don’t know what they were doing out on the street at that time of night.M: Did you report the crime?F: No, I didn’t. Kids l ike that don't need prosecuting, they need parenting. They need someone to Put them on the right path, these kids really need, you know, help. M: In what way?F: Well, kids are so vulnerable. They have to have a lot of supervision. There are these kids hanging on the street doing things they are not supposed to do.I think if these kids have more self –esteem, they wouldn’t behave in that way. We have to find ways to help these kind of kids have good futures, then they wouldn’t commit crimes.1.In what way has Emily been the victim of a crime?2.At which of the following times did the crime occur?3.What amount of loss did she suffer in the crime?4.What did she do after the crime occurred?5.What did she think about those who committed the crime?Q6-10European UnionA European Union flotilla will begin anti-piracy operations off the coast of Somalia next week, EU Foreign Policy Chief Javier Solana said on Tuesday. The six warships and three maritime reconnaissance aircraft will replace a NATO naval force that has been patrolling the region and escorting cargo ships carrying relief aid to Somalia since the end of October. Although the NATO ships have successfully delivered nearly 30,000 tons of humanitarian supplies to the impoverished nation, they have not been able to stem the upsurge in pirate attacks on foreign shipping in one of the most important shipping lanes in the world.New Delhi, IndiaUS Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice urged Pakistan yesterday to cooperate "fully and transparently" in investigations into the Mumbai attacks that have upset India-Pakistan relations. India has said the 10 militants who rampaged through its financial capital killing 171 people were from Pakistan, including one surviving gunman. If Pakistan fails to act swiftly against those responsible, India has threatened to pull out of a nearly five-year-old peace process between the nuclear rivals. "This is the time for everybody to cooperate and to do so transparently, and this is especially a time for Pakistan to do so," Rice told a press conference in New Delhi.Ottawa, CanadaCanada's minority Conservative government may seek the temporary suspension of Parliament to stop opposition parties from voting it out and taking power, an aide to Prime Minister Stephen Harper said on Tuesday. The Liberals, New Democrats and Bloc Quebecois signed a deal on Monday committing them to bringing down the government, just seven weeks after it won re-election with a strengthened minority, and forming a coalition government to replace the Conservatives. The opposition says Harper is not doing enough to tackle the fallout from the financial crisis, so they proposed forging a coalition of Liberals and New Democrats, with the separatist Bloc promising its support.Manila, the PhilippinesPhilippine lawmakers allied to President Gloria Arroyo quashed an impeachment motion against her yesterday, shielding her from opposition moves to unseat her for the fourth time in as many years. Eleven opposition lawmakers walked out of the chamber when it became apparent that an overwhelming majority of the 238-member House of Representatives would throw out the impeachment complaint. Voting 183-21, with three abstaining, the House of Representatives adopted a report by a congressional justice panel dismissing the impeachment complaint for lack of substance, blocking a possible trial in the Senate. The complaint against Arroyo, due to serve until mid-2010, were based on charges of corruption, bribery and human rights abuses. Apart from surviving four impeachments, she has also escaped three attempts by troops since 2003 to seize power.Cambridge, United StatesHarvard University says its endowment has tumbled $8 billion in the four months since the end of the last fiscal year. The school’s endowment is the largest in higher education. The estimated 22 percent decline is the school's sharpest endowment drop in modern history. The endowment was valued at $36.9 billion on June 3. The school has said its U.S. stock portfolio and foreign equity portfolio had taken hard hits recently. The university's president warned that the estimated drop may be conservative because some money managers have yet to report figures.Question 6: What can we know about the world’s efforts to fight pirate attacks? Question 7: At a press conference in New Delhi, what did US Secretary of State Rice urge Pakistan to do?Question 8: What is Canada’s Minority Conservative Government likely to do according to the news?Question 9: Which of the following statements is true about the political situation in the Philippines according to the news?Question 10: At least how much has Harvard University’s endowment dropped since the end of the last fiscal year?Q11-15M: So you really believe that cloths carry a kind of message for other people and that what we put on is in some way a reflection of what we feel?W: oh, yes, very much so. People are beginning now to take seriously the idea of a kind of psychology of clothing to believe that there is not only individual taste in our cloth, but also a thinking behind what we wear, which is something we may not even be aware of ourselves.M: But truly this has been the case. We all dress up when we want to impress someone, such as for a job interview with the prospective employer. We tend to make an effort and put on something smart.W: True, but that is a conscious act. What I’m talking about is more of a subconscious thing. Take for example the student who is away from home at college or university, if he tends to wrap him self up more than the others, this is because he is probably feeling homesick. Similarly, a general feeling of insecurity can sometimes take the form of overdressing in warmer than are necessary.M: Can you give any other example of this kind?W: Yes. I think people who are sociable and outgoing tend to dress in an extrovert way, preferring brighter or more dazzling colours-----yellows, bright reds and so on. In the same way, aggressive cloth might indicate an aggressive personality or attitude toward life.M: Do you think the care or lack of it over the way we actually wear our cloth has anything to tell us?W: Yes, indeed. The ranks of a man’s trousers speaks volumes about his awareness his own image. Or if his trousers are at half messed, or sort of hanging down, this probably means he is absorbed by other things.M: Really?W: Or, to give you other examples, often minority groups who have perhaps failed to persuade with words tend to express themselves by wearing unconventional or what some might consider outrageous clothing as a way of showing their thoughts and feelings are different from the rest. And so they find an outlet in this way. M: That surely spills over into other things as well.W: Oh, yes, indeed. Hair cuts, music and songs can all be a form of rebellion. But to get to back to cloth, I would add that a whole lot about our personality is conveyed in our cloth and the way we look-------aggressiveness, rebelliousness, happiness, sadness and so on. This can all be interpreted. Think of the aging pop star who may be pushing middle age, he’ll keep on dressing up like a rebel to try to prove he is with it still and in touch with his young fans and current trends.11.About which of the following topics is the woman being interviewed?12. What does it probably show if an individual overdresses in warmer cloth than are necessary?13.According to the interviewee, what kind of people tend to dress in an extrovert manner?14. According to the interviewe, which of the following speaks a lot about man’s awarness of his own image?15. According to the interview, who tend to wear unconventional clothing?Q16-20Computers may never offer a perfect system for work and communications. Yet, in spite of the bugs that need to be worked out, there is no question that computers now shape the pattern of our activities. Almost everyone has felt the tremors and change as the internet has revolutionized the way we do things. From the way we run our daily errands to the way we relate to other human beings, with the internet, we can now get information, products and friends more quickly. With a few clicks of the mouse, we can do research on specific subjects that might have taken hours or days in a library. With online shopping, we can purchase what we need more quickly and efficiently. We can now deal with retailers over the internet, instead of waiting in lines at shopping malls. With email we can maintain friendships as well as create new ones without ever sitting down to write or post a letter. But not everyone feels the internet is improving our lives. The web is messy and that it cannot always provide clear directions on how to get where we want to go. The hyperlinks that exist among different websites often send people on a trip to nowhere or somewhere totally unexpected. The web is not an organized database. Rather, it is a brier patch where people can get stuck or lost. Online shopping is an example of this mass. Although shopping from home is appealing, e-commerce is not always as convenient as one might think. Sometimes it takes a long time to order on the internet. People can waste time or get confused filling out the information on all the different screens to place an order. In fact, anywhere from 33% to 75% of people who shop online drop out before ever placing an order. Most importantly, many people are concerned about privacy issues. They are reluctant to put their personal information on the web. Filling in information such as one’s name, address, phone number and credit card information can shake the confidence of an online shopper. Some even fear that theirs conspiracy among businesses to use consumer information for their own benefit. Perhaps even more troubling is the belief that as people spend more time surfing the web, they are becoming socially isolated.A recent survey indicated that 16% of internet users spend less time with family and friends. The amount of time a husband or wife spends on the web is frequently cited as one cause for divorce. Then the young people say that their closest friends are those they have corresponded with on the internet. That is, their closest friends are people they have never even met. Whether the internet will continue to be a driving force for change is still unknown. And whether the effects of the internet on our lives will be more positive or negative is still debatable.16. Computers and the internet have revolutionized the way we do things, which of the following things is not mentioned in the talk?17. Why is it that not everyone feels the internet is improving our lives?18. Which of the following is the primary concern of online shoppers?19. What can we know from the talk that people spending more time surfing the web?20. What is the main argument of this talk?Note-taking and Gap-fillingHow is urbanization negatively affecting our society? The answer to this question is not a simple one. When answering this question, one must understand that urbanization cannot be stopped but only contained in a manner that will help the United States to function better as a country.The more densely populated and more heterogeneous a community is, the more accentuated characteristics can be associated with urbanism. Urbanism promotes urban violence, political instability, crime and aggressive behavior. Rapid population growth in urban areas also perpetuates poverty. Another major issue being created by this social problem is the breaking of the traditional family structure. Our cities are not working well---sanitation, safety, transportation, housing, education, and even electricity are failing. These are all responsibilities of the government, or it is at least their job to regulate these services deemed to be monopolies. And it is a known fact that monopolies deem toward inefficiency. Functionalists look at our cities as a means to profit. Cities are a place where everybody visits. And therefore vendors can raise their prices and profit more on their products. For example, from my own personal experience, I bought a pack of cigarettes for three dollars at my local gas station. And when I visited inner city Orlando, I bought the same brand of cigarettes for four dollars.In the United States, the breaking of the traditional family structure is an issue that has become increasingly noticeable in recent years, particularly in urbanized areas. The traditional mom-and-dad-and-children are rarely seen in the inner cities any more. There is a weakened bond of kinship and declining social family significance as America has transferred industrial, educational and recreational activities to specialized institutions outside of the home. It is depriving families of their most characteristic, historical functions. With divorce rates rising, delinquency is also becoming more of a problem than before. In single-parent families, parents spend less time with children. These specialized institutions often help, but cannot replace the role of a child guardian. As long as the divorce rate continues to increase, delinquency will continue to increase in these areas as well.The variations of people give rise to segregation of people by race, religious practices, ethnic heritage as well as economic and social status. Segregation often creates much tension and prejudice between social groups. This can cause physical or mental damage to individuals or society. As for racism and segregation, there is not much that can be done to fix these problems. Individuals will always have their own opinions, no matter how ignorant. And the only thing we can do is to hope that these problems die out as we desegregate our community. People will choose their destination or place of residence according to many different ideals and needs, for example, what fits their budget? The government assumes major responsibility for development attempting to meet rapid and increasing demands for education, housing, agriculture and industrial development, transportation and employment. The government budget is not distributed equally mainly due to differentiation in areas. Areas with higher income will obviously have a higher budget to work with.Urban areas are usually lacking in financial resources, therefore they are not able to repair all the problems in these areas, such as sanitation, education and many other categories. America has hired 50% more teachers in the last few years than have been hired in the past, but the increase in population keeps the classrooms just as large. The effort does not meet the need, thus the problem remains as strong as ever. Due to the overpopulation in urban areas and the lack of employment opportunity, the crime rate is still a huge problem in which they are faced with. Also, the lack of the traditional family structure and weakened bonds of kinship weaken the moral of the children growing up in the urban areas. These children grow up in poverty, and usually look at crime as a quick and easy way out. Problems in urban areas are far more serious than can be handled in any short-term efforts. We can only hope to contain them and attempt to make sure that no more problems arise from the already existing ones.Listening and TranslationSentence translation1. I think my parents influenced me the most, material wealth, status and power were never revered in our family. I was taught to value honesty, fairness and consideration of others.我认为父母对我的影响是最大的，在我家里不崇拜物质财富、地位和权利。

2002.9上海市英语中级口译资格证书第一阶段考试SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (40 minutes)Prt: Spot DicttionDirections: In this prt of the test, you will her pssge nd red the sme pssge with blnks in it. Fill in ech of the blnks with the words you hve herd on the tpe. Write your nswer in the corresponding spec in your NSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will her the pssge ONLY ONCE.s long s we re in reltionship, there is the potentil for lsting hppiness s well s for serious conflict. This pplies t work, ______________________ (1)，nd t home・ The simple fct is tht reltionships re not lwys ________________ (2) siling. Conflict cn led to nger, hostility, nd further conflicts・ On the other hnd, it cn be used d ___________________ (3) for solving problems.For exmple, you cn hndle conflict by _____________________ (4) tht the problem exists, smoothing it over, or trying to overpower the other person. These, of course, will ________________ (5) win or lose situtions. But when you resolve conflict through collbortion nd compromise, you cn chieve _______________________ (6) situtions. In tody's lecture, I shll outline few steps on________________(7) trnsform conflict into solution in which both prties win.First ________________ (8). Explin the problem to the other prty. You should__________ (9) the conflict. It\ hrd to fix something before ___________________ (10) on wht is broken.Second, understnd 11 points of view・ Ste side your own opinions for moment nd (11) to understnd the other points of view. When people feel tht they hve been herd, they5re often more ________ (12).Third, brinstorm. Drem up s mny solutions s you cn nd __________________ (13) them one by one・ This step will require ________________ (14). Tlk bout which solutions will work nd______________ (15) they will be to implement. Your solutions need to be cceptble by both prties, so you should be prepred to _______________________ (16)・ Lter, you'11 need to review the(17) of the ccepted solution. If it (18), be open to mking chnges or (19) to bring bout new solution.Finlly, implement. When you hve both ____________ (20), decide who is going to do wht by when. Then keep your greements・Prt B: Listening ComprehensionL SttementsDirections: In this prt of the test, you will her severl short sttements. These sttements will be spokenONLY ONCE, nd you will not find them written on the pper; so you must listen crefully. When you her sttement, red the nswer choices nd decide which one is closest in mening to the sttement you hve herd・ Then write the letter of the nswer you hve chosen in the corresponding spec in your NSWER BOOKLET.1.() Mr. Bker doesn't like to go to the meeting 1st night・(B)Lst night M匚Bker decided to cncel this morning’s meeting.(C)Mr. Bker mde up his mind not to go to this morning^ meeting.(A)M匚Bker mde lst- minute decision to hold the meeting this morning・2.() Hrd work often brings bout discomfort in prts of the humn body.(B)If you re nervous, you my hurt yourself in performing this kind of tsk・(C)Those stff members who work bek to bek re hrd on ech other.(A)This exercise is to relx your muscles in the neck, the shoulders nd the bek・3.() We hve been working on this mchine for two yers.(B)Free mintennee work is for period of two yers.(C)You don^t hve to do repir work on this mchine in two yers.(A)With monthly clening, the oil in this mchine cn run for two yers.4.() Only those high school grdutes with excellent skills cn be dmitted into colleges•(B)No mtter how difficult it is, high school grdutes should t lest try twice to get themselvesinto colleges・(C)Students should consider wht they wnt to lern in the university.(A)Once in the university, you will feel superior to those drop- out students.5.() 11 the bord members voted for the Chirmn’s proposl to open the brnch office・(B)The Chirmn ws not in fvor of the opening of brnch office in the suburbs・(C)the bord members re expecting new Chirmn from the downtown office.(D)The Chirmn^ proposl to set up brnch office ws turned down by the bord members.6.() Mry hd mde n ppointment to see the personnel mngcr lst Tucsdy・(B)Mry hs been pplying for job nd is going to see the personnel mnger next week.(C)Mry is shortsighted nd ennot see tht personnel mnger in the next office.(D)Mry didn't get tht job since she ws me to the personnel mnger on Tuesdy.7.() The supermrket will be finished in sixty dys.(B)It took us more thn sixty dys to finish building the supermrket.(C)Thc supermrket should hvc been finished sixty dys go.(D)The supermrket hd been built sixty dys erlie匚8.() Her ttendnee record ws severely dmged.(B)Her ttendnee record ws never perfect.(C)She hd once ssisted in keeping the ttendnee record・(D)She hd kept ner- perfect ttendnee record・9.()He didn't know wht would hppen if he mde the suggestion.(B)He didn't feel nervous fter he hd put forwrd the suggestion.(C)He relized tht the committee members would not dopt his suggestion.(D)He considered it importnt to the committee members first.10.() The Expo will be open the dy fter tomorrow・(B)The Expo is rescheduled to open on Fridy.(C)The Expo's opening is delyed until tomorrow・(D)T he Expo is not likely to open on Fridy・11.Tlks nd ConversionsDirections: In this prt of the test, you will her severl short sttements. These sttements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, nd you will not find them written on the pper; so you must listen crefully. When you her sttement, red the nswer choices nd decide which one is closest in mening to the sttement you hve herd・ Then write the letter of the nswer you hve chosen in the corresponding spee in your NSWER BOOKLET.Questions 11-1411.() Mi; Powell telephoned. (B) The womn cited Mr. Powell.(C) Someone cme to see him. (D) There ws trffic jm.12.() Becuse she hsn't recorded the phone messge.(B)Becuse she hsn^t let Mr. Powell in.(C)Becuse she hsn5t invited him to lunch・(D)Becuse she hsn't phoned him.13.() Mr. Powelfs nme crd.(B)The resturnt^s phone number.(C)Some money to mke phone ell.(D)The nmc of well- known deprtment store.14.() the womn ws not creful bout the mn's nme crd.(B)The mn ws expecting someone to bring some importnt informtion.(C)The mn ws not vilble when M匚Powell cme in.(D)The womn ccepted the mn's pology for his mistke.(B)In 1963. Questions 23-2623. () studying socio- linguistics.(C) Sying hullo to ech othe 匚() Linguists. (C) Techers. 25. () He is probbly trying to beginQuestions 15-1815. () In 1961.(C) In 1970.16. () Lcrning mtcrils. (C) Summer course.(D) In 1971.(B) Lbortory fcilitics.(D) Prty invittions.17. () Some lbortory tests cn be done t home.(B) 11 the college course re vilble ・(C) registrtions re 11 the yer round.(D) Invittions to prties re free to 11 the students.18. () prt- time students my get cheper sncks ・(B) Students re ble to get TV study progrmmes.(C) Students cn ttend lectures once week.(D) Students my prticipte in summer school courses.Questions 19-2219. () lwye 匚(B)nrtist. (C) student. (D) physicin.20. () She thinks tht it is well- pid profession.(B) She considers herself to be fit for i 匚(C) She is unble to find other jobs for some time.(D) She wnts to live independently of other people ・21. () She cn spek severl lnguges ・ (B) She is more creful nd kinder.(C) She cn serve women clients better.(D) She is likely to get more sympthy. 22. () Becuse it is well known for its eduction! excellence ・(B) Becuse it is inexpensive in terms of school tuition fees.(C) Becuse it offers mrried students' prtments.(D) Becuse it Hows students to prctice during the schoolterms.(B) Tlking bout the wether. (D) Listening to wether forecsts.(B) Drivers.(D) Students.converstio n.(B)He is ernestly requesting n nswe匚(C)He is crefully pinning n out- door excursion.Questions 27〜3027.() 20,000.(C)2,000,000.2& () The fmily owners.The government nd the councils. (B) 200,000.(D)2,500,000.(B) The pressure groups・(D) The loci housing committees.(D)He is tenttively prepring composition on socil conventions・26.() English people like to begin converstion when the climte is fvorble.(B)Foreign visitors re sometimes nnoyed by the vribility of the wether in Englnd.(C)Englnd is sid to hvc the most effective trnsporttion system in the world・(D)The wether conditions in Englnd re not s bd s some people hve imgined・29.() Bccusc the rents rc too high.(B)Becuse there re not enough hostels.(C)Becuse the loci councils re inefficient nd indifferent.(D)Becuse some stte- run homes re less comfortble thn prisons.30.() stte- run prtment building for the homeless・(B)n efficient loci housing committee in the metropolis・(C)southern city tht hs solved the housing problem・(D)chrity orgniztion tht offers help to the homeless・Prt C: Listening nd TrnsltionL Sentence TrnsltionDirections: In this prt of the test, you will her 5 English sentences- You will her the sentences ONLY ONCE, fter you hve herd ech sentence, trnslte it into Chinese nd write your version in the corresponding spee in your NWER BOOKLET.(1) ______________________________________________________________________________⑵ ______________________________________________________________________________⑶ ______________________________________________________________________________ II.Pssge TrnsltionDirections: In this prt of the test, you will her 2 pssges. You will her the pssges ONLY ONCE, fter you hve herd ech pssge, trnslte it into Chinese nd write your version in the corresponding spce in your NSWER BOOKLET. You my tke notes while you re listening.⑴ ______________________________________________________________________________⑵ ______________________________________________________________________________SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS (50 minutes)Directions: In this section, you will red severl pssges・ Ech pssge is followed by severl questions bsed on its content. You re to choose ONE best nswer, (), (B), (C) or (D), to ech question. nswer 11 the questions following ech pssge on the bsis of wht is stted or implied in tht pssge nd write the letter of the nswer you hve chosen in the coiTesponding spce in your NSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1 〜5In by ner lmeri in Southern Spin will be built the worlds first underwter residence for tourists. The hotel will be 40 feet down in the Mediterrnen. s 11 the world opened to tour opertors, there ws still frontier behind which ly three qurters of the globe's surfee, the sc; in whose cool depths light fdes; no winds blow; there re no strs. There even the most bored trvelers could reepture their sense of romnee, terror or beuty. For submerged hotel is such beutiful ide・The hotel will cost 170,000 nd will be ble to ccommodte up to ten people night. Up untilnow only scientists nd professionl divers hve lived under the se, but soon, for the first time, the public will be ble to go down into the drkness・ They will hve to swim down in diving suits, but t 40 feet there would be no problem bout decompression.Design of the hotel ws crucil・ Most of the underwter structures used before hd been in the shpc of diving bell or submrinc. Professionl divers could copc with such things but ordinry people would run the risk of violent clustrophobi. Then n ustrin rchitect hd the ide of mking three interconnecting circulr structures, 18 feet in dimeter, nd looking much like flying sucers. They would be cst in concrete nd lunched from the shore. Towed into position they would then be sunk. foundtion of cst concrete would lrecly be in pice on the se- bed. Pylons would ttch the structures to this. Once in position the structures would be pumped dry. The pylons mde to withstnd n uplift pressure of 350 tons, would then tke the strin.Cbles linking the underwter structures to the hotel on shore would connect it with electricity, fresh wter, television, nd n ir pump, nd Iso dispose of sewge・ Entry would be from underneth, up ldder; becuse of the pressure inside there would be no need of irlocks or doors.The first structure would include chnging room nd shower rc, where the divers would get out of their ger. There would Iso be kitchen nd lvtory. The second structure would contin dining room/ lecture thetre, nd sleeping ccommodtion for eight people・The third structure would contin two suites, stewrd would come down with the ten customers, to cook nd look fter (hem. Television monitors would rely 11 tht went on to the shore so tht discussions on the se bed could be tmsmitted to 11 the world.1.From the pssge we understnd tht tour opertors nd trvelers will be interested in the submerged hotel s________________ ・()it is quiet pice for reserch work (B) it is n idel se- food resturnt(C)it will offer new possibilities (D) it will hve unchnging wether2.Wht design ws finlly considered most suitble for the new hotel?()Three seprted circles・(B) Three linked discs・(C)Three connected globes- (D) Three interlocked cylinders.3.The hotel would be ble to flot under wter becuse it would be ___________________ ・()mde of light mteril (B) 350 tons in weight(C) filled with ir (D) ttchcd to pylons4.It is pinned tht sleeping qurters will be provided for the guests in the ____________ ・()second structure(B)second nd third structures(C)first nd third structures (D) third structure5.The purpose of television monitors under the se would be to rely ______________ ・().instructions from the se bed to the shore(B). news from the shore to the sc bed(C).informtion from the world to the se bed(D). informtion to the world from the se bedQuestions 6〜1()For most people, hosting bout oneself does not come nturlly. It is not esy or comfortble to tell someone II the wonderful things you hve ccomplished. But tht is exctly wht you need to do 讦you re seeking new job, or trying to hold on to the one you hve・Of course, there is fine line between self- confidence nd rrognee, so to be successful in winning over the interviewer you must lern to mximize your ccomplishments nd ttributes without ntgonizing the interviewer.The nturl tendency for most job seekers is to bchvc modestly in job interview. To do the best job of selling yourself in n interview, you hve to be prepred in dvnee・ s prt of your jobhunting check list, write down on piece of pper your mjor job- relted ccomplishments. Commit them to memory. You will probbly be plesntly surprised to see in writing 11 tht you hve done・By developing this list, you will hve ccomplished two things: the first is you will impress the interviewer by being ble to tlk confidently nd succinctly bout your ccomplishments. You will not hve to sit uncomfortbly while you think of your successes・ They will be t the tip of your tongue. Secondly, rther thn dwell on your own personlity chrcteristics, such s how hrdworking or cretive you re, you cn discuss hrd fets, such s how you sved your employer money or n ide you developed tht helped customer mn more money・ When chronicling your ccomplishments for the interviewer, tke s much credit s you honestly cn. If you developed specific ide without help from your supervisor, it is cceptble to sy tht. Remember, you re t tht interview to sell yourself, not your former co・ workers・However, never criticize your fonner employer. Shring your negtive thoughts with the interviewer is n immedite turn- off nd will only bmd you s compliner nd gossip, whom no one likes or will hie Keep in mind tht the most importnt prt of job interview is inking the employer like you nd presenting yourself s the person he or she wnts you to be. Consciously or not most employers tend to hire people who reflect their own vlues nd stndrds.Once you get the job you wnt, hosting bout your ccomplishments docs not stop. lthough you my think 11 your successes nd chievements re highly visible, remember tht you re only one If mny people in compny. Lek of recognition is cited by mjority of dischrged mngers s the most frequent complint ginst the former employe匚To help mke yourself more visible in the compny, volunteer for dditionl ssignments一both job- relted nd non- business- relted. These could include community reltions or chritble ctivities in whichyour compny is involved. These types of ctivities my enble you to hve more time nd ccess to top executives of the compny to whom you my ender yourself. You might even hve the opportunity to tell them wht you re doing for the compny, which cn never hurt.6.This rticle is mostly bout how to __________________ ・()interview for job (B) plese your boss(C) get long with co- workers (D) get nd keep job7.In Prgrph 2, the word "mximi zc” mens to ____________ ・()tlk bout (B) mke the most of(C) be modest bout (D) ply down8.The uthor sttes tht the one thing you should never do during n interview is ____________ ・()list your successes in previous jobs(B)promote your qulifictions for the job(C)tell your potcntil boss bout the projects you've worked on(D)mke negtive comments bout your former employer9.The uthor provides his views on winning nd holding new job by __________________ ・()offering suggestions (B) presenting fets nd sttistics(C) describing extreme situtions (D) telling stories10.In the pssge, the uthor recommends 11 of the following EXCEPT ______________ ・()mking point of telling your supervisor wht you hve done(B)tking prt in non- business- relted ctivities(C)going on hosting bout your successes nd chievements(D)giving the employer n ide on how to run his other businessQuestions 11 〜155 Steps to Living Longer1Wtch Your TemperScientists hve long believed tht Type's——those people driven by mbition, hrd work nd tight dedlines一were most prone to hert tteks. But it's not striving for gols tht leds to disese; rther, it's being hostile, ngry nd cynicl.Suggests Mittlcmn: if stress mounts so high tht you begin snpping t people, "sk yourself, "Is it worth hving hert ttek over this?"2Lighten Your Drk Moodsfor yers, evidence linking depression to n incresed risk of hert ttek hs been growing・ Johns Hopkins reserchers interviewed 1551 people who were free of hert disese in the erly 1980s nd gin 14 yers Iter. Those who reported hving experienced mjor depression were four times s likely to hve hert ttck sthose who hd not been depressed・Exercise is n often overlooked ntidepressnt. In study t Duke University, 60 percent of cliniclly depressed people who took brisk 30- minute wlk or jog t lest three times week were no longer depressed ftcr 16 weeks.3Fltten Tht BellyMore thn 50 yers go French scientist Jen Vgue noted tht people with lot of upper- body ft (those who looked like pples rther thn pers) often developed hert disese, dibetes nd other ilments. But it wsn't until the introduction of CT nd MRI sens tht doctors discovered tht specil kind of ft, viscerl ft, locted within the bdomen, ws strongly linked to these diseses.ccording to the Ntionl Institutes of Helth, there^s trouble brewing when your wist mesures 35 inches or more if you5re womn, nd 40 inches or more if youre mn. nd tht's regrdless of height •4Limit Your Bd HbitsHevy drinking・Moderte drinkers my be the lest likely to develop Metbolic Syndrome, while lcoholics rc the most likcly. In prt tht's bccusc, pound for pound, they erry more bdominl ft. In one Swedish study, reserchers found tht mle lcoholics erried 48 percent of their body ft within the bdomen，compred with 38 percent for teetotlers・Cigrette smoking・ Smoking is dngerous for resons besides lung cncer or emphysem・ Some 60 minutes fter smoking cigrette, one study reveled, smokers still showed elevted levels of cortisol, which promotes bdominl ft storge・ Over- effeinting. Moderte effeine consumption doesn't seem to be hrmful for most people・ But recent studies suggest tht when men who hve both high blood pressure nd fmily history of hypertension drink lot of effeinted coffee while under job stress, they my experience dngerous rise in blood pressure・5Rev Up Your Metbolismnew understnding of how disese sets up shop in your body focuses on metbolism一the sum of physicl nd chemicl rections necessry to mintin life. This pproch revels tht helthy metbolic profile counts for more thn crdiovsculr fitness or weight lone・s Glenn ・ Gsser, professor of exercise physiology t the University of Virgini, notes, "Metbolic fitness is one of the best sfegurds ginst hert disese, stroke nd dibetes."11.The phrse "snpping t" (Step 1: Wtch Your Temper) is closest in mening to _____________ ・()judging severely (B) decking publicly(C) nswering rudely (D) understnding wronglyording to the pssge, which of the following people rc liblc to incur nd suffer from hert tteks?()Those whose wist mesures 35 inches or less・(B)Those who tke brisk 20- minute wlk twice week.(C)Those who hve experienced mjor depression.14. ccording to the pssgc, wht kind of people rc tcctotlcrs (Step 4: Limit Your Bd Hbits)?(B) Hevy drinkers.(D) Non- smokers.15. Which of the following sttements is TRUE ccording to the pssge?()There is trouble brewing when your wist mesures 35 inches or less.(B) Metbolic fitness might prevent people from hving hert disese ・(C) Moderte drinkers my be the most likely to develop Metbolic Syndrome.(D) Moderte clfeine consumption seems to be hrmful for most people ・Questions 16-20World prehistory is written from dt recovered from thousnds of rcheologicl sites, pices where trees of humn ctivity re to be found. Sites re normlly identified through the presence of mnufetured tools.rcheologicl sites re most commonly clssified by the ctivity tht occurred there ・ Hbittion sites re pices where people lived nd erried out wide rnge of different ctivities. Most prehistoric sites come under this ctegory, but hbittion sites cn vry from smll open empsite through rockshelters nd eves, to lrge ccumultions of shellfish remins (shell middens). Villge hbittion sites my consist of smll ccumultion of occuption deposit nd mud hut frgments, huge erthen mounds, or communes of stone buildings or entire buried cities. Ech presents its own specil exevtion problems.Buril sites provide welth of informtion on the prehistoric pst. Grinning skeletons re very much prt of populr rcheologicl legend, nd humn remins re common finds in the rcheologicl record. The erliest deliberte humn burils re between fifty nd seventy thousnd yers old. Individul burils re found in hbittion sites, but often the inhbitnts designted specil re for cemetery. This cemetery could be communi buril pice where everyone ws buried regrdless of socil sttus. Other buril sites, like the Shng royl cemeteries in Chin, were reserved for nobility lone. Prts of cemetery were sometimes reserved for certin specil individuls in society such s cln leders or priests. The ptterning of grve goods in cemetery cn provide informtion bout intngible spects of humn society such s religious beliefs or socil orgniztion ・ So cn the pttem of deposition of the burils, their orienttion in their grves, even fmily grouping ・ Sometimes physicl nthropologists cn detect biologicl similrities between different skeletons tht my reflect close fmily, or other, ties.Qurry sites re pices where people mined prized rw mterils such s obsidin ( volcnic glss used for (D) Those who hve been striving for gols.(C) Chin smokers.fine knives nd mirrors) or copper. Excvtions t such sites yield roughed out blnks of stone, or metl ingots, s well s finished products redy for trding elsewhere. Such objects were brtered widely in prehistoric times・rt Sites such s the eve of ltmir in northern Spin, or Lscux in southwestern Frnce, re commonpice in some res of the world, noticebly southern fric nd prts of North meric. Mny re eves nd rockshcltcrs where prehistoric people pinted or engrved gme nimls, scenes of dily life, or religious symbols・ Some French rt sites re t lest fifteen thousnd yers old.Ech of these site types represents prticulr form of humn ctivity, one tht is represented in the rcheologicl record by specific rtifet nd surfee indictions found nd recorded by the rcheologist.16.n rcheologicl site is defined s pice where _____________ ・()some record of humn ctivity is found(B)humns bury beloved nimls(C)evidence of pint or niml life exists(D)prticulr rock formtions suggest the ptterns of history17.Generlly speking, rcheologicl sites re clssified ccording to _____________ ・()the people who lived there(B)the historicl period during which they were occupied(C)the type of ctivity for which they were used(D)the degree of civiliztion of those who lived there18.The uthor mentions 11 of the following fetures of grves which my provide rcheologists withinformtion bout prticulr society EXCEPT _________ ・()the loction of the grve (B) the goods buried with the person(C) The degree of preservtion of the body (D) The orienttion of the body in the grve19.Qurry sites re pices where _________________ .()pintings showing scenes of dily life(B)engrvings of fmous people(C)pintings recording the loction of buril sites(D)tools nd primitive devices used for engrvingording to the pssge, rt sites often contin __________ .(A)pintings showing scenes of dily life(B)engrvings of fmous people(C)pintings recording the loction of buril sites(D)tools nd primitive devices used for engrvingQuestions 21-25I got used, too, to my employer's violent chnges of front. There ws one morning when Siegfriedcme down to brekfst, rubbing hnd werily over red- rimmed eyes・"Out t 2 ・m.he groned, buttering his tost listlessly, “nd I don't like to hve to sy this, Jmes, but it's 11 your“My fultr I sid, strtled."Yes Id, your fult. The frmer hs sick cow for severl dys nd t 2 (/clock this morning he finlly decided to ell the vet. When I pointed out it could hvc wited few hours more he sid Mr. Herriot told him never to hesitte to ring一he'd come out ny hour of the dy or night."He tpped the top of his egg s though the effort ws lmost too much for him. "Well，it's 11 very well being conscientious nd 11 tht, but if thing hs wited severl dys it cn wit till morning. You9re spoiling these chps, Jmes, nd Fm getting the bckwsh of ii・ Fm sick nd tired of being drgged out of bed for trifles.,^“I'm truly sorry, Siegfried・I honestly hd no wish to do tht to you. Mybe it's just my inexperience・ If I didn't go out, I'd be worried the ninil might die. If I left it till morning nd it died, how would I feel?^^"Tht's 11 right, v snpped Siegfried. "There's nothing like ded niml to bring them to their senses. They'll ell us out bit crlicr next time：I bsorbed this bit of dvice nd tried to ct on it. week Iter, Siegfried sid he wnted work with me.“Jmes, I know you won't mind my sying this, but old Sumner ws co mplining to me tody. He sys he mg you the other night nd you refused to come out to his cow. He's good client, you know, nd very nice fellow, but he ws quite shirty bout it. We don't wnt to lose chp like tht：u But it ws just chronic mstitis^ 1 sid' bit of thickening in the milk, tht's 11. He'd been dosing it himself for nerly week with some quck remedy・ The cow ws eting 11 right, so I thought it would be quite sfe to leve it till next dy.”Siegfried put hnd on my shoulder nd n excessively ptient look spred over his fee. I steeled myself.I didn't mind his imprtience, I ws used to it nd could stnd it. But the ptience ws hrd to tke."Jmes, 5,he sid in gentle voice, "there is one fundmentl rule in our job which trnscends 11 others, nd F 11 tell you wht it is. YOU MUST TTEND. Tht is it nd it ought to be written on your on your soul in letters of fire/'21.Siegfried ws not t his best on one morning becuse _______________ ・()his brekfst ws not to his liking(B)he hd been died out during the night(C)he hd been woken up erly for brekfst(D)the frmer hdn5t tried to cure the cow himselfording to the pssge, who ws the young vet?()Jmes. (B) Siegfried.(C) Sumner (D) M匚Herrioson23・ Jmes thought it ws 11 right to leve Summer's cow till next dy becuse _________________ ・。

2010年9月上海高级口译考试真题录音及原文答案SECTION 1 LISTENING TEST 45 minutesPart A Spot dictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.We already live in an over-communicated world that will only become more so in the next tech era. We‘ve developed technology that gets us so much information that we‘ve got cell phones ringing every second.We‘ve got computers and laptops. We‘ve got personal organizers. And we‘re just being bombarded with communication and every advancing technology seems to create more and more communications at us. We are thought of over-whelmed by the information flow.Research suggests that all the multi-tasking may actually make our brains work better and faster, producing a world-wide increase in IQ up to 20 points and more in recent decades. Is there any real benefit in all these mental gymnastics we now have to go through? We are not becoming a race of global idiots, but many do think certain skills are enhanced and certain are not. You know the ability to make fast decisions, to answer a dozen emails in 5 minutes or to fill out maybe big aptitude text. That‘s enhanced.But when someone is out there with his kids laying in his little league, or something like that, he‘s got his cell phone in his pocket, he is always wondering: ―Jeez, did I get a voicemail?‖ This might have negative effects on our own brains patterns. Creativity is something that happens slowly. It happens when your brain is just noodling around, just playing. When it puts together ideas which you haven‘t thought of, or maybe you have time to read a book. You are a business person but you have time to read a book about history or about a philosopher and something that happened long ago, or something or some ideas, some default of long ago.Actually, it might occur to you that you can think of your own business in that way. And so if this mixture of unrelated ideas that feeds your productivity, feeds your creativity, and if your mind is disciplined to answer every email, then you don‘t have time for that playful noodling,you don‘t have time for those unexpected conjunctions. So I think maybe we are getting smarter in some senses, but over communication is a threat to our creativity and to our reflection.Part B Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1-5M: You know in designing this new town, we try to look backward at small town in America, and take the best of those planning elements. Houses close together, sidewalks from the porches, tree-lined streets, easynon-automobile-dependent access to the town center and to your neighbors and to the school and the other institutions that are vital. And we‘ve tried to take some of those ideas and updat e them and come out with a livable, workable place where people can go and re-kindle the sense of community that seems to be missing from suburbs all across the country.W: So give us a sense of how these new towns are designed.M: Houses are all very close together. We were just 10 feet apart from our neighbors on either side of us. And that‘s pretty much the standard for the town. So, you have houses that are close together, houses that surround open areas. They have a lot of big parks, a lot of common areas. The theory is that you are willing to sacrificial private yards base. You don‘t need a quarter of an acre or half an acre. If you have a public area where you can go and enjoy the facilities there. And, most importantly, you can interact with your neighbors. That helps to create the sense of community. That‘s so important to many of these new town developments.W: Now I see this whole sense of community. It‘s going to be a new town, but we are going to do it with the sense of nostalgia for the past, like, a lot of the houses had porches.M: yes, it would create a front-porch culture, that people would be out on their porches, talking to their neighbors next door, and to people walking down the street, or people riding their bikes. And that would be this culture that existed 40, 50 or 60 years ago. But that really has been one of the failures that we observed during our 2 years in this new town. And the people don‘t spend very much time at all on their front porches. There are a couple of things g oing on. One is this central Florida and it‘s hotter than hell a god part of the year. And sitting on your front porch, even if you have a fun going, can be a very uncomfortable thing. People prefer to be inside in the air-conditioning.W: What were some of the rules you had to live by in the new project? And did any of these rules bother you?M: well, the developer and I have different feelings about rules. His feeling is, if I can summarize these feelings for him, that you move in then knowing the rul es, and if you don‘t like them, you shouldn‘t move in. I have some problems with rules. I just sometimes like to break them. And They just bother me because of their inexistence. But the rules sometimes were silly and sometimes weren‘t. They dictated what color your curtains could be facing this street, and actually asked a woman with red curtains to remove them.W: really? Is that true?M: And they dictated where you could park your car and for how long. They dictated any sort of thing you could attach t o your house. You couldn‘t attach a satellite dish to your house, they dictated forever the color of your house. And they dictate how often you have to repaint your house. They try to go a step further and remove plastic flowers and plastic furniture from that all important front porches. Some rules seem to go a little too far.Questions:1. What are the two speakers talking about?2. There are several planning elements for recreating a sense of community. Which of the following is not one of these elements?3. According to the conversation, what can we learn about the so-called front porch culture?4. Which of the following is not one of the rules that the residents have to live by?5. What does the man think of these rules according to the conversation?Questions 6-10 NewsNew York, USThe biggest Wall Street banks slashed their small business loan portfolios by 9% between 2008 and 2009,more than double the rate at which they cut their overall lending, according to a government report released Thursday.The Congressional Oversight Panel report spotlights the role banks, especially the largest ones, played in the credit crunch that has plagued small companies throughout the recession."Big banks pulled back on everyone, but they pulled back harder on small businesses," Elizabeth Warren, the panel's chairwoman.Warren's oversight committee was established to keep tabs on the federal government's financial stabilization effort. The committee's May report focuses on the role her committee played in improving credit access for small companies.Madrid, SpainThe European Union eases trade with Latin America at Madrid summitThe EU plans to boost trade with Latin America despite warnings from some European ministers and farmers, who fear unfair competition.EU negotiations with the Mercosur trade bloc, frozen since 2004, will reopen. The Mercosur group embraces Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.Trade deals were also reached with Central America, Peru and Colombia, following marathon talks in Madrid. EU Commission president Jose Manuel Barroso said, ―We have opened a ground-breaking chapter in the EU relationship with our Latin America and Caribbean partners.‖ The EU is pursuing regional trade agreements while global trade talks - the so-called Doha Round - have failed to make progress.Tripoli, LibyaMembers of a Dutch family are on their way to Libya after being told that the sole survivor of the plane crash that killed 103 people might be their relative. A member of the Dutch family told the media that officials had told her family the child being treated at a hospital in Tripoli might be her grandson, 9-year-old Ruben van Assouw.The Dutch foreign ministry confirmed that two presumed family members of the injured child were on their way to Tripoli.Ruben had been on safari in South Africa with his brother, mother and father. All of whom perished in the crash, said the newspaper.Sixty-one Dutch citizens were believed killed when the MA Flight 230 from Johannesburg to Tripoli crashed on landing in clear weather at 6am. The Times understands that seven passengers had been due to fly on to London. Two of the dead were Britons and one was Irish.London, the United KingdomTarget Corp posted a higher quarterly profit as consumers loosened their wallets to spend on items including clothing and electronics.The discount retailer said profit was $671 million in the first fiscal quarter that ended May 1, compared with $522 million a year earlier.Target has benefited from consumers becoming a bit more willing to spend on discretionary items such as clothing and home furnishings.The company previously said that sales at stores open at least a year rose 2.8 percent in the first quarter.Bonn, GermanyFears of greater financial regulation across Europe hammered stocks after German measures aimed at limiting speculation were taken to smack of desperation.Stock markets were unnerved by Germany's unilateral ban on certain naked shorts announced late on Tuesday. And the euro suffered a kneejerk reaction, falling more than 1 percent against the yen, as investors saw foreign exchange as the only way to bet against the euro zone.World stocks were down 1.43 percent whilst the more volatile emerging markets index fell 2.64 percent.There were also fears that the debt crisis was about to worsen as some believed Germany's move smacked of desperation.Questions:6. What did the Wall Street banks do between 2008 and 2009 as reported in the news?7. What did the European Union plan to do at the Madrid Summit?8. How many people were killed when the passenger plane from Johannesburg to Tripoli crashed on landing?9. How much profit did Target Corp make in the first quarter of the year?10. What did Germany‘s recent financial measures aim at?Questions 11-15Man: When most couples married, they may discuss some things in advance like how many children they want or where they want to live. But most of the day-to-day details or problems of married life work out after marriage. Not so with Steven Karen Parsons who have a 15-page prenuptial agreement that states the rules they must follow in almost every aspect of their married life. Today, Karen is here with us.Man: Karen, first I‘d like to ask you why you decided to write this agreement. You‘ve both been married before. Am I right?Woman: Yes, I‘ve been married twice and Steve was married once before. So we have some experience about what goes wrong in a marriage.Man: And that‘s why you wrote this agreement.Woman: Yes, we found that many problems happen when a person has different expectations from his or her spouse. We want to talk about everything openly and honestly before we start living together. Also, we both know how important it is to respect each other‘s quotes. We‘re all bothe red by things that seems small tosomeone else, like it used to really bother me when my ex-husband let his dirty clothes on the floor. So we put that in the agreement: dirty clothing must be put in a laundry bag. Now Steve knows what my expectations are.Man: I‘m sure that some people hearing this report will think this contract isn‘t very romantic.Woman: Well, we disagree. We think it‘s very romantic. Disagreement shows that we set down and talked and really try to understand the other person. A lot of problems occur in a marriage because people don‘t talk about what they want. That‘s right. When we disagree about something, we work out solution. That‘s good for both of us. I‘d much rather do that than get some romantic gifts like flowers or candy.Man: Some of these rules sound like, well, a business agreement. Many of your rules concern money in some way, even the rules about having children.Woman: In our experience, disagreements about money can cause a lot of problems, so we talked about how we want to spend our money and put that in the agreement as well.Man: So do you spend a lot of time checking on each other to see if the rules are being followed?Woman: No, not at all. And we don‘t argue about them, either. As a matter of fact I think we spend less time arguing than most couples. Because we both know what the other person expects. We can spend our time doing things we enjoy and just being with each other.Man: What happens if one of you breaks the rule.？Woman: We don‘t think that wil l be a problem. No, because we do agree on these rules.Man: But what if, say, you don‘t want to cook dinner one night, what happens?Woman: Well, we talk about it and reach a compromise. Maybe there‘s a good reason.Man: But if you break a lot of rules all the time?Woman: Then we have to ask ‗Is this marriage really working?‘ Because if we can‘t follow all our own agreement. There‘s no point making it.Man: So it sounds like you two are happy with this agreement. Do you think other couples should follow your example and write the prenuptial agreement of their own?Woman: ―So a lot of work to write an agreement, but I think it could be useful to a lot of people. Maybe there would be fewer divorces if everyone did this.Questions:11. About which of the following topics is the woman been interviewed?12. What can we learn about the man and the woman from the interview?13. According to the woman, why did so many problems happen in a marriage?14. What does the woman think of this contract?15. What happens if one of the couple sometimes breaks a rule of the contract?Questions 16-20Today we are going to talk about cross-cultural perceptions of time.Different cultures often have entirely different perceptions of time. The cultural anthropologist Edward T Hall popularized the idea that cultures use time and view time in very different ways. The idea of the past, present and future and the whole concept of scheduling or managing time can be so different that it leads tocross-cultural miscommunications. In his 1990 book，The Dance of Life, Hall writes time is one of the fundamental bases, on which all cultures rest, and around which all activities revolve. Understanding the difference between monochronic time and polychronic time is essential to success. Hall's notion of monochronism and polychronism can be understood as follows: monochronic time is linear, events scheduled one at a time, one event following another. To a monochronic culture, this type of schedule is valued over interpersonal relationships.On the other hand, polychronic time is characterized by many things happening simultaneously. In addition, interpersonal relationships are highly valued in polychronic cultures. Hall's theory is that monochronic time can be found primarily in North American and northern European cultures. These cultures emphasize schedules, punctuality and preciseness. They also emphasize doing things. They are cultures that value productivity, that value getting things done on time. They view time as something that can be lost, killed or wasted. Or conversely, they view as something that can or should be managed, planed and used efficiently. Polychronic time, on the other hand, can be found primarily in Latin American, African, and Native American cultures. Their conception of time is more connected to natural rhythms. It is connected to the earth, to the seasons. This makes sense when we consider that natural events can occur spontaneously, sporadically or concurrently. Polychronic cultures view time as being somewhat flexible. Since life isn't so predictable, scheduling and being processed simply isn't that important. In addition, relationships with people are valued more than making schedules. There is more value placed on being than on doing.Different cultural perceptions of time can lead to conflict, especially in the business world. The idea of being late versus on time for a meeting, for example, might differ widely between an American business person and a Brazilian. The American business person might be far less tolerant of a Brazilian's late arrival. However, the Brazilian business person might be offended by an American's insistence on punctuality, or on getting right down to business. The Brazilian would generally prefer to finish talking with colleagues first and would not want to cut conversation short in order to make an appointment. Some traditional time management programs used in the business world might not translate well in another culture. Traditional time management programs in the business world emphasize to-do-list and careful scheduling. They are monochronic. However, a business in a polychronic culture might not adjust well to that system. Companies, who impose those monochronic systems on places of business in polychronic cultures, might be guilty of ethno-centrism, which means making their own ethnical cultural values central and not valuing other values. Edward Hall's theory of monochronic and polychronic cultures has been challenged by some critics. Some people think it is overly general. They argue that within any culture group we might find people who think of time differently.In other words, a primarily polychronic culture might have both monochronic and polychronic types of people. The same diversity among individuals might be found in a primarily monochronic culture. Critics of anthropologist like Edward Hall feel that it is more useful to think of time differences among individuals, not just between culture groups.Questions:16. Which of the following topics is the person talking about?17. What can we learn about Monochronism from the cultural anthropologist Edward T Hall?18. Which of the following statements apply to Polychronism according to Edward Hall?19. In the business world, who would prefer to finish talking with colleagues before keeping an appointment?20. Edward Hall's theory has been challenged by some critics. What do these critics think of his theory? SECTION 2 READING TEST 30 minutesDirections: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1-5Congress began 2010 with a bad case of legislative déjà vu. Last year, it approved a $787 billion stimulus package meant to "create or save" millions of jobs. President Obama says the stimulus has saved or created as many as 2 million jobs so far. But even if that highly optimistic figure is true, in the real world, over 3 million jobs have been lost since the stimulus was signed into law – a dismal feat all financed with enormous debt. Now Congress is working on another stimulus package, but they're calling it a jobs bill. In December, the House passed a $174 billion "Jobs for Main Street Bill" that would use federal dollars to fund job-creating infrastructure projects, while extending unemployment benefits. Sound familiar?Unemployment remains at about 10 percent and state unemployment insurance funds are running out of money. While the Obama administration works to artificially inflate the number of jobs, the unemployed face diminished opportunities and income security. By 2012, 40 state unemployment trust funds are projected to be empty, requiring $90 billion in federal loans to continue operating. Normally, state unemployment benefits pay jobless workers between 50 and 70 percent of their salaries for up to 26 weeks. But during this recession, Congress has extended those benefits four times. The result is that some workers can now claim benefits for 99 weeks. Now Congress may enact a record fifth extension. What would be wrong with that? Everything. The state-federal unemployment insurance program (UI) is an economic drag on businesses and states. And it's a poor safety net for the unemployed.UI, a relic of the Great Depression, fails workers when they need it most. UI trust funds depend on astate-levied payroll tax on employers. During boom years, these funds are generally flush. But during recessions, they can get depleted quickly. The bind is that to replenish their UI fund, states have to raise payroll taxes. That hurts the bottom line for businesses both large and small. Passed on to workers as a lower salary, high payroll taxes discourage businesses from hiring. During steep recessions, states face a fiscal Catch-22: Reduce benefits or raise taxes. To date, 27 states have depleted their UI funds and are using $29 billion in federal loans they'll have to start repaying in 2011. Other states are slashing benefits. While federal guidelines recommend that states keep one year's worth of unemployment reserves, many states entered the recession already insolvent. When federal loans are exhausted, the only option left is higher payroll taxes – a move sure to discourage hiring and depress salaries.The increasingly small and uncertain payouts of UI are the opposite of income security. The effect of UI's eight-decade experiment has been to condition workers to save less for a "rainy day" and instead rely on a system that provides no guarantee. UI limits personal responsibility to save; gradually, individuals find themselves in financial peril. Real reform requires putting employees in charge with individual private accounts and getting the government out of the business of creating illusionary safety nets.Unemployment Insurance Savings Accounts (UISA), by contrast, give workers control of their own income,eliminating the negative effects of the UI program on businesses and budgets. Adopted by Chile in 2003, UISAs are also financed via a payroll tax on individual workers and employers. The difference is the money is directly deposited into the individual worker's account. Basically a form of forced savings, UISAs allow individuals to draw on their own accounts during periods of unemployment and roll unused funds into their savings upon retirement. With the burden reduced on employers, wages rise, leading to greater contributions to the individual's fund. The federal government is removed from the picture, and all workers are guaranteed a savings account upon retirement.UISAs liberate workers from uncertainty and improve incentives. When unemployed workers must rely on their own funds rather than the common fiscal pool, they find jobs faster. Congress's repeated extensions of the current UI program may be well intended, but they may also be counterproductive. Like any deadline extension, additional jobless benefits diminish the job seeker's urgency, all at taxpayers' expense.Today, expanded UI benefits mean higher state payroll taxes, which make it harder for employers to expand hiring or raise wages. UISAs, on the other hand, make the payroll tax on business part of the employer's investment in an individual worker, rather than a penalty for doing business. In 2010, it's time to say goodbye to the problems created by broken policies. Congress should start this decade with a promise for true economic freedom: Let businesses create jobs and let workers keep what they've earned.Questions 11-15LIKE the space telescope he championed, astronomer Lyman Spitzer faced some perilous moments in his career. Most notably, on a July day in 1945, he happened to be in the Empire State building when a B-25 Mitchell bomber lost its way in fog and crashed into the skyscraper 14 floors above him. Seeing debris falling past the window, his curiosity got the better of him, as Robert Zimmerman recounts in his Hubble history, The Universe in a Mirror. Spitzer tried to poke his head out the window to see what was going on, but others quickly convinced him it was too dangerous.Spitzer was not the first astronomer to dream of sending a telescope above the distorting effects of the atmosphere, but it was his tireless advocacy, in part, that led NASA to launch the Hubble Space Telescope in 1990. Initially jubilant, astronomers were soon horrified to discover that Hubble's 2.4-metre main mirror had been ground to the wrong shape. Although it was only off by 2.2 micrometres, this badly blurred the telescope's vision and made the scientists who had promised the world new images and science in exchange for $1.5 billion of public money the butt of jokes. The fiasco, inevitably dubbed "Hubble Trouble" by the press, wasn't helped when even the limited science the crippled Hubble could do was threatened as its gyroscopes, needed to control the orientation of the telescope, started to fail one by one.By 1993, as NASA prepared to launch a rescue mission, the situation looked bleak. The telescope "probably wouldn't have gone on for more than a year or two" without repairs, says John Grunsfeld, an astronaut who flew on the most recent Hubble servicing mission. Happily, the rescue mission was a success. Shuttle astronauts installed new instruments that corrected for the flawed mirror, and replaced the gyroscopes. Two years later, Hubble gave us the deepest ever view of the universe, peering back to an era just 1 billion years after the big bang to see the primordial building blocks that aggregated to form galaxies like our own.The success of the 1993 servicing mission encouraged NASA to mount three more (in 1997, 1999 and 2002). Far from merely keeping the observatory alive, astronauts installed updated instruments on these missions that dramatically improved Hubble's power. It was "as if you took in your Chevy Nova [for repairs] and they gave you back a Lear jet," says Steven Beckwith, who from 1998 to 2005 headed the Space TelescopeScience Institute (STScI) in Baltimore, Maryland, where Hubble's observations are planned. Along the way, in 1998, Hubble's measurements of supernovas in distant galaxies unexpectedly revealed that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing pace, propelled by a mysterious entity now known as dark energy. In 2001 the space observatory also managed to make the first measurement of a chemical in the atmosphere of a planet in an alien solar system.Despite its successes, Hubble's life looked like it would be cut short when in 2004, NASA's then administrator Sean O'Keefe announced the agency would send no more servicing missions to Hubble, citing unacceptable risks to astronauts in the wake of the Columbia shuttle disaster of 2003, in which the craft exploded on re-entry, killing its crew. By this time, three of Hubble's gyroscopes were already broken or ailing and no one was sure how long the other three would last. Citizen petitions and an outcry among astronomers put pressure on NASA, and after a high-level panel of experts declared that another mission to Hubble would not be exceptionally risky, the agency reversed course, leading to the most recent servicing mission, in May 2009.No more are planned. The remainder of the shuttle fleet that astronauts used to reach Hubble is scheduled to retire by the year's end. And in 2014, NASA plans to launch Hubble's successor, an infrared observatory called the James Webb Space Telescope, which will probe galaxies even further away and make more measurements of exoplanet atmospheres.According to Grunsfeld, now STScI's deputy director, plans are afoot for a robotic mission to grab Hubble when it reaches the end of its useful life, nudging it into Earth's atmosphere where most of it would be incinerated. Only the mirror is sturdy enough to survive the fall into an empty patch of ocean.But let's not get ahead of ourselves - Hubble is far from finished. The instruments installed in May 2009, including the Wide Field Camera 3, which took this image of the Butterfly nebula, 3800 light years away, have boosted its powers yet again. It might have as much as a decade of life left even without more servicing. "It really is only reaching its full stride now, after 20 years," says Grunsfeld.A key priority for Hubble will be to explore the origin of dark energy by probing for it at earlier times in the universe's history. Hubble scientist Malcolm Niedner of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, is not willing to bet on what its most important discovery will be. "More than half of the most amazing textbook-changing science to emerge from this telescope occurred in areas we couldn't even have dreamed of," he says. "Expect the unexpected."Questions 16-20The month of January offered those who track the ups and downs of the U.S. economy 92 significant data releases and announcements to digest. That's according to a calendar compiled by the investment bank UBS. The number doesn't include corporate earnings, data from abroad or informal indicators like, say, cardboard prices (a favorite of Alan Greenspan's back in the day).It was not always thus. "One reads with dismay of Presidents Hoover and then Roosevelt designing policies to combat the Great Depression of the 1930s on the basis of such sketchy data as stock price indices, freight car loadings, and incomplete indices of industrial production," writes the University of North Carolina's Richard Froyen in his macroeconomics textbook.But that was then. The Depression inspired the creation of new measures like gross domestic product. (It was gross national product back in those days, but the basic idea is the same.) Wartime planning needs and。

9月上海英语翻译资格高级口译听力真题完整版Part A: Spot DictationWas it envisioned for the euro to eventually become such a strong currency that it could compete with the dollar on a global level? Or was that a dream then and is it still a dream now?I think it was an attainable dream, and it is becoming actually, in some ways, less attainable right now.You may ask why?Well, the dream to give credit where credit is due was not only advocated by some European officials but by some American economists, including our Institute’s director, Fred Bergsten, who was way out in the front with that. Richard Portes, who teaches at London Business School, also was way out in front with that. And they were very much against the tide of people like Martin Feldstein and others in London and the United States who were very skeptical towards the euro.At face value, the euro area is the same size in GDP as the United States, roughly speaking. The euro area does have very large and deep financial markets, although the more you look in detail, there are still some things there that differentiate it from the United States. And the euro area has delivered price stability. They have a very low rate of inflation pretty consistently. So you put those three things together, on paper it looks like the euro should be at least a very clear second to the dollar in investor’s portfolios, in government reserve holdings, in how much you invoice trade like oil or planes or things like that.But what our research finds in this book -- in particular in good chapters by Kristin Forbes and Linda Goldberg -- is the fact that if you look under the hood a bit, there is ahuge shortfall between what you would expect just based on size and how much the euro is used. So there’s an awful lot of trade that’s still invoiced in dollars, not in euros, even between countries that are not dollar countries. There are huge amounts of financial flows that come to the United States, and the depth of European assets and financial flows is not commensurate with the size.【解析】本文节选自Growing Pains for the Euro。

2021年9月上海高级口译笔试真题答案与听力原文2021年9月上海高级口译笔试听力原文Spot DictationFor more than two centuries, American's colleges and universities have been the backbone of the country's progress. They have educated their technical, managerial and professional work force, and provided generation after generation of national leaders.Today, educators from around the country are up to find many reasons for the excellence of the American universities.But four historic acts stand out as watersheds.First, education for the mass. In 1862, congress enacted the Land-Grand College Act, which essentially extended the opportunity of higher education to all Americans, including women and minorities.Each state was permitted to sell large tracts of federal land, and use the proceeds to endow at least one public college.Second, competition breeds success. Over the years, the decentralization and diversity of the America's colleges and universities have promoted competition for students and resources.Competitive pressure first arose during the Civil War, when President Lincoln created the National Academy of Science, to advice congress on any subject of science and art.The academy's impact really grew after World War 2, when alandmark report commissioned by the then president, argue that it was the Federal government's responsibility to provide adequate funds for basic research.Instead of been centralized in government's laboratories, scientific researches became decentralized in the American universities, and generated increasing investment.It also gave graduate students research opportunities, and help spread scientific discoveries far and wide, to the benefit of industry, medicine, and society as a whole.Thirdly, investing in the future. The end of World War 2, saw the passage of Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944.The law, which provided for college or vocational education for returning veterans, made the higher education system accessible in ways that were inconceivable in Europe, opening the door of the best universities to men and women who had never dreamed of going to college.Finally, promoting diversity. The creation of federal loan and subsidy programs, as well as outright grand for college students, brought much needed diversity to higher education, and further help to democratize access.Since it's funded in 1965, Federal Family Education Loan Program has funded more than 74 million student loans, worth more than 180billion dollars.Listening ComprehensionQuestions 1-5A: Grace, what's interesting to you about living in the city? Why do you like it?B: Well, I'm just a city girl. One time I bought a house in the country to escape from the urban ills, and then found myself totally bored with country life. Because you have to drive everywhere, and there's not much to do. I'm used to the fast pace of the city. There's a whole variety of museums, movies, coffee shops, and places to interact with people. But sitting alone in the country, you know, unless you like to grow a garden, or patter around and build things with your hands.A: Okay, but what about your vacation? I mean, a lot of city people rent vacation houses in the country.B: But to me, going to the country for a vacation makes no sense at all. There's so much work to do. First you have to get there, and then, I don't know. I think I can relax better in the city. Besides, the country has bugs. There you are supposedly enjoying yourself in the fresh country air, but you are been eaten alive by a variety of different bugs. You can't enjoy yourself. You are been stung and eaten to death. You can't relax. Let's putit this way. If you like boredom, you'll like the country. People who like a lot of stimulation, you know, can't hack it. And then there's the transportation thing, I mean, to get a carton of milk, you have to drive three miles. So the whole car culture thing kicks in. Gives me the city any time.A: Well, what would you say is the one thing you like most about the city?B: The interactive social life. People get together. I like it when you call up and people say "come on over", and you hang out together. And it's just fun.A: Yah, and what about the suburbs?B: Well, that's even more hateful than the country to me.A: Why?B: Well, the suburbs don't even have any of the good country air. There's nothing to do. You just stuck there. And for young people, there are all sorts of problems, alcohol, drugs, you have to drive everywhere... Look, I go to my friend's house in the suburbs. Do you ever see anyone walking in the street? No, it's totally zero. There's nothing going on. What can I say?! You know, it's not for me. I do have one or two suburban friends who like it, because they make a barbeque and the birds are chirping, but not me. And then there's another thing I really hate, in the city, you can make mistakes but you always get a second chance; But in the countryand the suburbs, you are labeled. You feel like "wow, that's it!" you are labeled. And that label doesn't come off easily.A: Well, do you think the city is lonely, or dangerous?B: NO! In the city, people live in little communities, they have interactive social lives. And I don't think the city is particularly dangerous.Q1 There are several reasons why the woman likes living in the city, which of the following is NOT one of the reasons?Q2 What does the woman think of vacation in the country?Q3 What does the woman like most about the city?Q4 Which of the following is true about living in the suburbs according to the woman?Q5 How does the woman describe the city life?Questions 6-10London, the United KingdomThe Left-Leaning Think Tank, the institute for public policy research (IPPR), has warned UK chancellor not to use green taxes to plug the hole in government finances. Its new research shows that the government could gain 3.5 billion pounds a year through a carbon tax on homes and vehicles. But IPPR says this would harm the poor, unless ministers give back all the cash in the form of benefits, tax breaks and home insulation. IPPR has developed a computer model to assess the benefits and drawbacks of environmental taxes. The preliminary findings suggest thattaxes can prove a useful tool and achieving environmental objectives. But IPPR says it would be a mistake to use them to raise money because unless they are counter-balanced, they inevitably hit the poorest hardest and are mistrusted by the public.Munich, GermanyGerman business confidence rose less than expected in May, as sluggish demand weighed on construction and manufacturing. Go out look for the six-month ahead improved, a closely watched survey showed.The Munich-based IFO institute's business climate index increased to 84.2 points in May from 83.7 points in April. That’s a steady increase from 82.2 points in March, the lowest level in 26 years. IFO said in a release that manufacturers reported a poorer business situation this month than in April, but expecting improvement in the next 6 months. Germany’s economy went into recession last fall as the global economic crisis sapped demand for its exports.Washington, the United StatesPresident Obama’s tougher new fuel efficiency standards bring industry, environmentalists and states together to start cutting green house gas emissions from cards. But the reductions would represent only a drop in the bucket of what’s needed to address global warming. White House officials say the proposal would cut green house gas emissions by about9oo million metro tons, as the total reduction of pollution from the 5 model years of cars and trucks covered by the proposal. Environmental protection agency chief Lisa Jackson notes that even though the pollution reductions are big, they are dwarfed by the massive challenge of global warming, "This action alone, I don’t want to mislead anyone, is not going to change global temperatures. " Obviously, it is one step on the long road.OPEC, AsiaAlthough it adds lower last week, oil price rose to 61 dollars a barrel Monday in Asia, as investors add an OPEC meeting this week and wait evidence of a global economic recovery. Trading was light because US markets are closed Monday for Memorial Day. Benchmark crude for July delivery was 61 dollars 32 cents a barrel by midday on the New York Mercantile exchange. On Friday, the contract rose to settle at 61 dollars 67 cents. Oil has rallied on investor optimism that the worst of the global economic downturn is over. In Asia, there are signs that the drop in exports has bottomed, although the outlook remains murky.L‘Aquila, ItalyScores of people were killed and tens of thousands left homeless in central Italy today after a powerful earthquake shook a mountain region, severely damaging a historic city ad leaving hundreds feared trapped in rubble. At least 92 people were known to have died, and more than 1,500people had been injured, the Italian Prime Minister, Silvio Berlusconi, told a press conference in L’aquila, the badly damaged capital of the Abruzzo region, close to the epicenter. The 6.3-magnitude tremor was the country’s deadliest since the Irpinia quake in the south in November 1980, which killed more than 2,500 people.Q6 Why has the left-leaning IPPR warned the government not to use green taxes to raise money?Q7 Which of the following best describes Germany’s current economy? Q8 Which of the following statement is true about President Obama’s proposal about new fuel efficiency standards?Q9 What price was oil on Monday in Asia?Q10 At least how many people were known to have died in the recent earthquake in central Italy?Questions 11-15A: BMW, STARBUCKS and NOKIA, they are all brands easily recognizable around the world and getting even more so, according to a new survey of the top 100 global brands. Of all, Tech. company seem to beginning dominants. Coca Cola still holds the No.1 spot. Microsoft is No. 2. And IBM comes in at No. 3. Business week and Inter-brands team up annually to determine these rankings. And joining us now to discuss them is Inter-brand's chief executive John Albert. John, thanks for being here. Very briefly, what is the criteria?B: The criteria is that we need brands that have strong franchise with consumers, but importantly, businesses underline those brands that have very large amounts of revenue.A: Large amounts of revenue, so basically you look at the matter numerically?B: Well, it's a combination of numerical factors, and more soft marketing factors. So we look at the degree of resilience that the consumers have with a particular brand proposition, and that allows us to actually discount from an entire group of earnings. How many of those earnings are attributable to the brand?A: Let's take a look at some of these. Coca Cola, for instance, because it's more than just a brand, I think for a lot of people, it almost has certain nostalgia.B: Yeah, look, Coke is obviously famous for a proposition around refreshment. What Coke's been able to do cleverly is to take that through generations, but also take it through different ethnographies, and through different market demographics. So people around the world buy into the Coke proposition.A: Microsoft. A lot of people hate Microsoft, you know? Because they feel that it's monopolistic, and so on and so forth. Yeah, it runs most of the software for computers, or has the software that runs most of computers.B: Microsoft is a good lesson. And I'm not sure whether people hate Microsoft. I mean Microsoft is great.A: Well, a percentage of people do. I mean, you know, a lot of anti-competitive practices and so forth. I'm not expressing an opinion here. But you know, talk to somebody who has an APPLE computer, for instance.B: Sure, as I have had. Microsoft actually has a fantastic product underneath its brand. And of course, without a fantastic product, you can't build a valuable brand. And we've seen that, through some of the great rises in the table this year, with the likes of E-bay, which has a fantastic product; the likes of Google, which has a fantastic product.A: It really does come down to the functionality of the product.B: Well, it's not just a functionality. It's about delivering on the promise and brands obviously are promoted to build a promise to consumers. And if they continuously deliver on that promise, people will go back again and again, and build loyalty with those brands.A: Why do you think some companies have been so successful at building a brand while some aren't able to do it?B: Well, I guess the product is critical, but a number of these brand market has been around for a long time.A: Let me just go back. You say the product is critical. Now Starbucks would say their coffee is certainly different than what you'll get from one of the competitors, but the basic coffee is not that different. So there's some atmosphere that's also created that makes people want to buy this brand.B: Sure, what I mean is product is an entry level criteria. If you don't have a good product, you can't build a strong brand. So in the case of Starbucks, what they have been able to do is to build a motional place on top of that product that people have bought into, and understand that Starbucks has been something more than just functional coffee.Q11 According to the new survey, at the top of 100 global brands, which of the following brands holds the number 1 spot?Q12 There are several factors involved in ranking the brands. Which of the following is NOT one of the factors?Q13 According to the woman, why do a lot of people hate Microsoft?Q14 Which of the following best explains the huge success of Starbucks? Q15 What do top global brands have in common according to the interview?Questions 16-20Today I'd like to talk about the work of Pedal Power, a small charity based mainly in the UK. I'll be giving our contact details at the end, if anyone would like to find out more about how to support us. The first,how the charity began. I got the idea of exporting bicycles to developing countries while I was in Ecuador. I went there in 2001, just after graduating from university. After three years of studying, I wanted adventure. I love travelling, so I decided to join a voluntary organisation and we were sent to Ecuador to carry out land service. The project came to an end after 5 years and when I returned to the UK in 2006, I started planning Pedal Power. Where I lived in Ecuador was a very rural area. My neighbour had the only bicycle in the village. Whereas anyone else walked to anywhere, my neighbour's business was usually successful. And for years I couldn't understand why. Then I realised having a bike meant he could get wherever he wanted to go without much trouble. Other local carpenters could only accept jobs in a three-kilometre radius. So no matter how skilled they were, they could never do as many jobs as my neighbour. At Pedal Power, we collect second hand bikes in the UK and send them to some of the poorest regions of the world. When we distribute bikes overseas, we don't give them away for free. We'd like to. But long term that doesn't help the local ecomony. The demand for bikes is enomours, which makes them very expensive locally. So we sell them for 5% of the normal price. But in order to continue operating, we need to have a constant supply of bikes which we send out very six months. One example of a town that perceived bicycles from Pedal Power is Rivers. It was the first place I sent a full container of bicycles to. Most people therenow own a bicycle. The local economy has developed so much, you wouldn't recognise it as the same place. In fact, there are more bikes than on the streets of Amsterdam, if you've ever been there. But Pedal Power still needs your help. You may have read about some of our recent problems in the British media. In August 2007, we simply run out of money. We have containers of bikes ready to sent, but no money to pay the bills. It was a terrible situation. We managed to ensure the bikes went out on time, but the other problems carried on for several months. Fortunately in October 2007, we won an enterprise award which helped us enormously. We invested 15 of the 75,000-pound-prize money to help secure our future. Winning the award helped rise our profile, and the money enabled us to pay all our shipping cost which represent our greatest expense. Pedal Power changes lives when someone gets a bicycle from us. They see a 14% increase in their income. We are currently looking to investing computers so that our office staff can do an even better job. Because of our work, people in a number of countries now have a better standard of living. So far we have provided 46,000 people with bikes. But we'd like to send more, at least 50,000 by the end of the year. Now there are many ways in which you can support the work of Pedal Power, not just by taking a bike to a collection in your area. I should also like to say, if you do have a bike to donate, it doesn't matter what condition it's in. If we can't repair it, we'll strip it down for spareparts. Of course to do that we also need tools which are expensive to buy. So we welcome any that you can give. Also, you could organise to bring in funds for us. People do all kinds of things, including of course sponsored bike rides. Also, we are always interested to hear of other places that would benefit from receiving a consignment of bikes. And welcome suggestions from people who've been to developing regions on their travels. We hope by talking on radio programmes like this, we will be able to raise public awareness, which will lead to government organisations also giving us regular financial support, something that we really need.Q16 What type of institution is Pedal Power?Q17 What's the work of Pedal Power?Q18 How does Pedal Power distribute the bikes they collect in the UK? Q19 How many people has Pedal Power provided with bicycles so far?Q20 The speaker mentions several ways people can support the work of Pedal Power, which of the following is not one of these ways?Note-taking & Gap-fillingMany employees complain that they are being watched while they work during the day. The majority of US companies keep watch on their workers with video cameras, tape recorders, computer surveillance. If you send personal e-mail on your office computer, there's a good chance theboss is keeping an eye on you.In a new survey of more than 900 major US companies, nearly 2/3 of them acknowledged using a range of surveillance methods to monitor their employees. Some employers issue that warning, but others do not. In the most worrisome findings of the survey, up to a quarter of the companies that monitor their work force do it secretly, and the practice is on the rise. According to the ACLU workplace rights project, the number of employees been monitored has doubled in the last five years.What's driving this increase? Partly it’s competition. If everyone else in an industry is keeping tags on their workers, there's pressure to join in. But to a large extend, companies have stepped up monitoring, simply because it could be done cheaply and efficiently. Most employers insist that these are legitimate and even necessary business practices. According to these employers, even as surveillance becomes more wide spread, there's nothing sinister about the practice itself.They claim that these practices we are talking about for the most part are very legitimate forms of performance monitoring. They say employers have a right to know how equipment they provide is been used on the job, if rules are being obeyed, if employees are getting the job done.That helps explain why banks routinely take customer service calls, and why the US postal service is testing a satellite system to track howlong it takes to get the mail delivered.The National Association of Manufactures says companies are using technology to accomplish other important goals. Video cameras were recently installed in his building to deter theft. And the association keeps a log of all phone calls, so employees can pay the company for their personal calls. According to the association, monitoring can be used for the worker's own protection. If an employee is sending pornography from an employer's computer, obviously the employer will be expected to go through there.If somebody complains about sexual harassment, that somebody sending out visual slurs over the e-mail, the employer has a right to take action. In fact, the Chevron cooperation which sued by female employees who said they were sexually harassed through company e-mail. But many attorneys are arguing that employees do not give up their privacy rights when they show up for work. Rebecca Lock, the legal director of the ACLU’s work place rights project doesn't agree.She concedes there are legitimate uses of monitoring programs. But too often surveillance practices demean workers for no good reason. Lock argues that employee should not have to leave their human dignity at the work place door. And she says they’re entitled to a few safe guards in this area. Employees should always been informed when they are monitored. Some employees even emphasize that there should be no monitoringwhatsoever in purely private areas.Yet so far, there's only one state—Connecticut—that forbids surveillance in areas such as locker rooms, or the employee lounge. In other states, employers do secretly video tape private places if faces theft or criminal activities such as drug dealing.There's only one federal statute, in 1986, Electronic Communication's Privacy Act that safeguard employee privacy. But according to the National Association of Manufacturers, the scope of the Act is limited to eavesdropping on private telephone calls.Employee rights' attorney Penny Nathan Keen isn't involved in the case over this very issue. She says as the companies continue to expand employee monitoring, workers are turning to the court to protect their rights. There may even be good business reasons for companies to think twice about increase surveillance.Studies link electronic monitoring to higher levels of worker stress which can lead to lower productivity.Sentence Translation1. We have limited our production to certain medicines which are prescribed in large quantities. At the same time, we have been expanding our marketing activities abroad, including Asia, North America, and Australia.2. I really must insist that it’s impossible to view the performance of the company solely from the point of view of Europe. We have nearly 2/3 of our workforce and subsidiaries and associated companies overseas.3. Every business, no matter how large or small, depends on advertising to attract and keep customers, advertisements are everywhere because the media are everywhere, we cannot escape their influence, they effect us everyday of our lives.4. We have a message for divers traveling south, and accident on a southbound carriage way of the M6 in Lancashire is causing congestion and delays. The road should be clear in about an hour’s time.5. As rescue work continues in wide areas of southern Mexico, it is becoming increasingly more likely that the present toll of 650 dead will rise much higher. The worst damage appears to be in small isolated towns and villages.Passage Translation1. How to write a good news story? Unless the correspondent is an eye witness, it is rare to trust any single source. Rumor and gossip can confuse the situation. So you have to check information as much as possible. Using commonsense and experience as final checks to help establish just what is likely to be the truth or close to it. Once the information is avalable, it has to be written in an interesting and easilyunderstood way. Particularly for a radio, since while a newspaper reader can turn back and reread a sentence or two, the radio listener has only one chance. So there should be an element of repetition.2. V olvo, Sweden’s largest car-making group, has announced plans to make 500 staff redundant at its U.K. –based subsidiary in Scotland. The redundancies are part of a move by V olvo to improve productivity. But the news of redundancy has been badly received here in Scotland. I spoke to some of the workers at a V olvo subsidiary factory. They say these are unnecessary job losses. It’s devastating. It will destroy entire communities. V olvo strongly denies that communities will collapse as the result of the job losses. They say they will improve investment and business. The group’s cost-cutting measure also extends to Spain, where they will make job cuts at its other subsidiary factory, which employed 30.000 people.。

Unit 1PART ONE About Cambridge UniversityW : How close to the town centre of Cambridge are we here?M: Oh, I should think not much more than a quarter of a mile.W: I can't hear any traffic.M: No. That's the beauty of Cambridge, isn't it? Y ou're here in the countryside and you might be miles from anywhere.W: And there is that chapel, that famous landmark.M: That's it. The absolute symbol of Cambridge is King's College Chapel.W: It's so beautiful. And that's its land?M: This is all King's College on either side. And when we're coming into the college we impress on visitors that you do not walk on the grass. Only the fellows walk on the grass.W: "Fellows only" and you hear about "fellows" of colleges. What is a fellow? What does it mean?M: In a company, they would be the directors of a company. So they're very often at the same time lecturers and professors in the university; some are administrators, obviously, people like the treasurer of the college一usually called the "bursar".W : But they are permanently attached to that college?M: They are permanently attached to the college一they're the board of directors.W: That, then, is Clare?M: That is Clare College. That's the next college. That's the second oldest college in Cambridge. W : Is it?M: The buildings are seventeenth-century but the college itself was founded early in the fourteenth.W: This is Clare Bridge.M: This is the oldest bridge in Cambridge.W : Ah.M: Tn about 1640. This was built when they were rebuilding the college. So now we are up to Trinity College. And this is the grandest, the richest college of them all.W: That is a splendid building, isn't it?M: This is the Wren Library.W: It's all on the upstairs floor; there's nothing downstairs, except an arcade.M: It's very cunningly done, you see, because Wren's very near the river. He wanted to avoid any risk of flooding.W: Ah.M: And so he put everything up off the ground level. Now we are into John's.W : This is John's College here?M: Which is the next biggest college after Trinity.W: Marvelous! What a lovely sights. And, in spite of all this history, Cambridge is not steeped in the past. It is still a centre of learning and a centre of excellence.M: Oh, very much, very much. The Cambridge Science Park was developed here with new industries linked to the science side of the university. A growth phenomenon. "The Cambridge phenomenon" they call this.W: This is astonishing一this one with, this structure on the top.M: They sometime s call this "the Bridge of Sighs.”M: And this is one of the very earliest developments of the river.W: Ah.M: Well, there are only two colleges like this which have a choir school attached —— St John's and King's. And the choir school is over in that direction. Y ou see the little boys coming down with the top hats and black coats.PART TWO Y ou Have Been at Cornell University…Y ou have been at Cornell University for two weeks now. As usual, you need enough time to sleep and eat. Y ou also want to spend time with your new friends and get some exercise. But, after the first two weeks of classes, you have probably concluded that there isn't enough time, to do all these things, because you also have to attend classes, go to labs, do assignments and write papers.Soon you will be in a situation like this one: Y ou are going to have a quiz in your ten o'clock class. Y ou studied for it until 3 am. Y ou also have an eight o’clock class. Should you sleep late and skip the eight o'clock class?To some extent the answer depends on the professor of the course. Some instructors announce that they require attendance. In that case you really should go to class. Some don't say anything. In that case you have to decide. Once in a while it is better to stay in bed and sleep than to get so tired that you cannot think. However, it is not a good idea to skip class more than a few times.If you have to skip a class, ask another student for the class notes, announcement and the assignment. Also, come to the next class prepared. If you miss the class because you are sick, tell the instructor afterward. He or she may let you make up the work. If you have an important appointment, tell the instructor about it before you miss the class.Here is another problem. Y ou took the quiz. Even after studying very hard, you could not answer all the questions. In high school you always got every answer right. What went wrong? Nothing. High school work is easy, so a good student is supposed to get a perfect score. In college the teacher wants to challenge even the best students. Therefore, almost nobody answers every question correctly.But .maybe there were some very basic ideas in that course you don’t understand. Go to see the teacher during his or her office hours. Most teachers will gladly explain things again. Of course, they will not be pleased to repeat what they said in class to someone who skipped class.Maybe you really should get up for that eight o'clock class!PART THREE Women T eachers in Primary SchoolM: I recently read an article which said that in primary schools in particular promotion chances of women teachers are less than men, that men generally get promoted far quicker than women in primary education. Is this something you’ve noticed or is this something you feel?F: No, this is something that is so. I read that article, too. I would have written it myself, really. And we come back full circle really because it's not just teaching. I mean it's everything that men are getting promotion more quickly than women. In the primary sector there are far more women teachers than men but there are more headmasters’ than headmistresses.M: So where does that leave someone like you? I mean what, what are the possibilities of your promotion in primary education? At he moment you're in charge of a section of high school.F: Y es, I'm in charge of the infant department which goes from the children who are three to the children who are seven. And they transfer when they are seven to higher up the school which iscalled the junior department. So I'm in charge of the Lower School, if you like.M: And do you have ambition in that sense? I mean you like to be a headmistress?F: No, no, no. -I would not. I would not like to be a headmistress at all. I mean this is the next stage of my career were I ambitious…but I, basically enjoy being a classroom teacher. Now perhaps this gives a clue to why there are not more women heads. I don't know… I mean in the past it may have been that, and it may still be, that because boys are brought up to be more ambitious, that they're the ones who are going for promotion and quick promotion, I mean rapid promotion so that they are heads by the time they're thirty and they start out in their career thinking that whereas I enjoy being a class teacher, I was a deputy head before I got this post, but I prefer to be in the classroom with the children than sitting at a desk doing administration which is what being a head means if you're a head of a largish school.M: Are you pleased that you chose primary teaching as a career .and if someone came up to you at school leaving age and was wondering about what they were going to do, would you advise them to follow in your footsteps?F: I'm very pleased that I did — well, I'm pleased most of the time. Monday morning I'm not pleased. Some mornings during the week and the end of the holidays I'm not pleased. I'm a primary school teacher; I mean basically I am. I left teaching once and then went back into it, I think that shows that I am committed to be a primary school teacher.Questions:1. What has the man read recently?2. What. does the woman mean by the "Lower School"?3, According to the woman, why do men get rapid promotion?4. What does the woman want for herself?5. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the dialogue?PART FOUR When!Was'at Marrow…I was born of a working-class father and the aspiration of many self-made men is to send their children to private boarding schools, to give them the best education money can buy, and one of the best schools in the country is Harrow.Harrow is one of those institutions when I vas there which at that time were really geared to train an elite ruling class, so that everything was geared to that, and so team spirit and team games were the thing, and games were really more important than the acquisition of knowledge. If you were good at games you were considered to be one of the heroes of the school and if you were good at work then the chances are you would be derided and laughed at as a swot or somebody who worked hard and studied hard, and that was not the attribute of a gentleman. So there were some games, like tennis, golf, that were frowned on and you were not encouraged to pursue those games but you were more encouraged to play cricket and football and Harrow football and so forth because it required a team effort, you were one of a team, you were not an individual, and it seemed to me that the public school system actually ground out the individual. Y ou fitted into a mould; you learnt to accept certain standards. Y ou never showed pain, for example, you didn’t whinge about pain or discomfort and schools in my day were not comfortable places. They are now.’I think tying in with the importance of games is the fact that also you had to be a "man", and if people abroad think that the English gentleman is someone who is clean of limb, I can assure you he's not. I think most of us washed about once a week; in winter, we used to; it was a mark ofa gentleman as well that; and being tough and hard, that you didn't wear an overcoat so this meant that in winter we would pull our clothes off and the whole lot came off, shirt, several pullovers and vests and they all came off in one go. We then put our pyjamas on and if the next morning it was particularly cold we'd just put the whole damn lot on over- the pyjamas so you'd see small boys with bits of about an inch or two of pyjama trouser showing out at the bottom of their grey trousers, but you went, in the end, if it sort of dropped to minus ten you went around like little Michelin men with layers and layers of things on but no overcoat一that was the sign of weakness. PART FIVE A T ypical University Course in North AmericaSince many of you are planning to study at a college or university in this country, you may be curious to know what a typical college course is like. What can you expect to do in a typical week? How many exams will you have? Will you have to do a lot of writing? What should you do if you have any problems? These are the questions I want to discuss with you, today.First let's talk about what your weekly schedule will look like. If you're an undergraduate in any field or major, you can expect to spend between four and six hours a week for each class attending lectures, no matter what your major may be. Lectures are usually in very large rooms because undergraduate courses such as introduction to psychology or economics often have as many as two or three hundred students, especially at large universities. In lectures, it’s very important for you to take notes on what the professor says because the information in a lecture is often different from the information in your textbooks. Also, you can expect to have exam questions based on the lectures. So it isn't enough to just read your textbooks; you have to attend lectures as well. In a typical week you will also have one or two hours of discussion for every class you take. The discussion section is a small group meeting, usually with fewer than thirty students; where you can ask questions about the lectures, the reading, and the homework. In large universities, graduate students called teaching assistants or T. A. s, usually conduct discussion sections.If your major is chemistry, or physics; or another science, you will also have to spend several hours a week in the lab, or laboratory, doing experiments. This means that science majors spend more time in the classroom than non-science majors do. On the other hand, people who major in subjects like literature or anthropology usually have to read and write more than science majors do.Now I'd like to go on and say a few words about examinations. Most university courses have at least two exams: one in the middle of the quarter, called a midterm, and one at the end, called the final exam. Most courses also have occasional quizzes, which are smaller tests given every week or two: There are two basic types of exam questions. There are objective questions, such as multiple choice, true/falser matching or filling in the blank, and essay questions; where you must write an essay or a composition in response to a question. Most exams are a combination of essay and objective questions.In some courses, especially in-non-science ones, you might also have to write are search paper. A research paper is a writing project in which you choose a topic related to the course, go to the library, lead several articles and books on the topic, take notes, and then write a paper about what you have read. Y ou can see that the ability to write is extremely important in American universities.The final point that I want to cover today is what you should do if you need help in a particular class. If you're having a problem, you should make an appointment to see yourinstructor immediately. Don't be shy! Instructors plan to spend a certain amount of time each week with the students. They see the students in their offices during office hours. Instructors will almost always announce their office hours at the first class meeting. Y ou can also make a special appointment to see your instructor if you can't go to his or her regular office hours. I might add that it's a good idea to make an appointment to see your instructor even if you don’t have a particular problem. That way it will be easier if you need special help later on.So far I've talked about college course structure, about exams, about research papers, and about getting help if you need it. Let's stop here and see if there are any questions.PART SIX Listening and T ranslationA. Sentence translation(1) I wouldn't ask you if it wasn't important, but could you possibly babysit for us tomorrow evening?(2) Y ou could leave it here at reception, if it's not too big, or you could take it with you to the station and put it in one of the lockers there.(3) Shares on the London Stock Exchange traded sharply lower than Friday, undermined by turmoil on bond and currency markets.(4) Expenditure on clothing, durable consumer goods, recreation, health care and transport all increased, while housing conditions improved for city dwellers.(5) The World Bank urged Asian countries to speed the development of their domestic bond markets to meet the huge demand for public works financing.B. Passage translation(1) Well, one of the worst experiences I had was at the end of a long holiday, a very long way away from home. And I'd booked an air-flight home, and two days before the flight was about to leave, I had my passport and my airline ticket stolen. So I went to the British Embassy trying to get a new ticket and anew passport, and they said they could only give me a passport if I could prove I was leaving一and I didn't have my ticket. So I went to the airline and they said I could only have a new ticket if I could prove who I was, but I didn't have a passport. So I was in a bit of a tricky situation. But I finally did get a temporary passport from the embassy and I finally flew home.(2) AIDS is big business maybe Africa's biggest business. There's nothing else that can generate as much aid money as AIDS. AIDS is a political disease here, and we should be very skeptical, of course. Hunger should not be a problem in most of the countries south of the Sahara. In addition, there are vast natural resources: oil, gold and diamonds. Africa is always only portrayed as a continent of suffering, but most figures are vastly exaggerated. In the industrial nations, there's a sense that Africa would go under without development aid. But believe me, Africa existed before you Europeans came along. And we didn't do all that poorly either.。

9月上海高级口译听力考试真题完整版Part A: Spot DictationWas it envisioned for the euro to eventually become such a strong currency that it could compete with the dollar on a global level? Or was that a dream then and is it still a dream now?I think it was an attainable dream, and it is becoming actually, in some ways, less attainable right now.You may ask why?Well, the dream to give credit where credit is due was not only advocated by some European officials but by some American economists, including our Institute’s director, Fred Bergsten, who was way out in the front with that. Richard Portes, who teaches at London Business School, also was way out in front with that. And they were very much against the tide of people like Martin Feldstein and others in London and the United States who were very skeptical towards the euro.At face value, the euro area is the same size in GDP as the United States, roughly speaking. The euro area does have very large and deep financial markets, although the more you look in detail, there are still some things there that differentiate it from the United States. And the euro area has delivered price stability. They have a very low rate of inflation pretty consistently. So you put those three things together, on paper it looks like the euro should be at least a very clear second to the dollar in investor’s portfolios, in government reserve holdings, in how much you invoice trade like oil or planes or things like that.But what our research finds in this book -- in particular in good chapters by Kristin Forbes and Linda Goldberg -- is the fact that if you look under the hood a bit, there is ahuge shortfall between what you would expect just based on size and how much the euro is used. So there’s an awful lot of trade that’s still invoiced in dollars, not in euros, even between countries that are not dollar countries. There are huge amounts of financial flows that come to the United States, and the depth of European assets and financial flows is not commensurate with the size.【解析】本文节选自Growing Pains for the Euro。