[2018英语翻译资格高级口译指导名篇名译]2018上海高级口译取消

2018年11月翻译资格三级英语口译实务真题英译汉对话口译主题：开车时看手机的危害大概内容：Speaker22岁的朋友不久前车祸去世，因为他试图看手机信息。

这种行为很危险，不仅会毁灭自己的未来，还会影响到他人。

事实上，这在很多国家是违法的。

在中国甚至要罚款和扣驾照分数。

现在，不止汽车司机，还有骑自行车的和行人在路上都十分关注他们的手机。

司机开车应该把手机放在一边，或者不使用手机。

英译汉主题：中巴友谊I was once part of a government delegation to Italy to partake in a conference being held by energy industries world wide. Most of the conference was dedicated to the exhibitions where different industries set up their booths which would offer company products and services to prospective clients.However, the company employees knew Pakistan, short of resources, was “small fry”. So we Pakistanis were largely ignored by the American and European executives who were more interested in the big fish like Saudis, India, China, Brazil etc. We just mostly meandered about.During one of our strolls, we passed the Chinese delegation. All serious, taking notes, being engaged by an Italian woman who was explaining some kind of product to the head of the Chinese delegation.We stood a bit to the side and listened in politely, when the head of the Chinese delegation caught our eye, offered a friendly smile and handshake and asked if we were waiting for them to finish up.“Oh no, please continue.”, we replied. “Just wanted to say hi, we’re from Pakistan.”The Chinese gentleman’s face lit up instantly. “Pakistan!”He shook my hand warmly “Our brother!”he exclaimed.It was quite a moment. I remember every tiny detail from it even till today. The Italian lady’s surprise at how warmly we were being greeted. The other booth employees turning around to see what all the fuss was about. Their own looks of surprise at how the small fry, largely ignored Pakistani delegation was being treated so warmly by the most watched delegation of all, theChinese.It’s these small moments, these isolated incidents of human magic that people tend to miss out when they get confused over why China is so well liked by many of the developing world nations. Over the course of the conference, I interacted with other delegations from Africa, Eastern Europe, Central Asia and so on and they all had the same respect and positive impression for the Chinese delegation. Whether it was a delegate from Africa or Asia, no matter what their country’s size and importance, they were treated warmly and with mutual respect by the Chinese as if their country was the same as China in size, importance and power.From what I have experienced, Chinese partners came to our country and worked with us side by side through day and night, rain and snow. Together, we suffered the mosquito bite, lived, ate, played football and exchanged films in USB.Perhaps many people can not dawn on what I said because of their lack of personal experiences. Pakistan has always been associated with poverty, violence, terrorism and instability. But Chinese still consider themselves as one of us. Not imperial overlords or racial superiors or strict masters and so on. But comrades to the developing world, partners in our struggles and a developing country just like us who share in our troubles, concerns and visions for a mutually beneficial future.汉译英主题：中国游客出境旅游首先欢迎各国出席此次会旅游吹风会，向各国介绍中国人民出国旅游的一些情况，以便各国更加了解并采取措施来吸引更多的中国游客去贵国旅游。

不同点考试设立机构人事部教育部上海市委组织部、人事局、教育局考试名称（中文）全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试全国外语翻译证书考试上海外语口译证书考试考试名称（英文）China AccreditationTest for Translatorsand Interpreters －CATTINationalAccreditationExaminations forTranslators andInterpreters -NAETI无考试设立时间2003年12月2001年11月1995年6月考试主办机构国家人事部和中国外文局联合举办教育部考试中心与北京外国语大学联合举办上海市委组织部人事部、教育部联合举办出题部门中国外文局北外上海市委人事局评卷部门中国外文局北外上海市委人事局发证机构国家人事部教育部考试中心和北京外国语大学联合颁发由中共上海市委组织部、上海市人事局、上海市教育委员会和上海市成人教育委员会统一颁发考试费用北京地区2009年11月考试费用三级笔译考试费360元三级口译考试费420元二级笔译考试费500元二级口译考试费570元初级笔译考试费400元初级口译考试费500元中级笔译考试费600元中级口译考试费700元高级笔译考试费1200元高级口译考试费1200元英高210元英中180元日语200元难易程度三级笔译部分：英译汉要求600个单词；交替传译要求300个单词全；二级笔译部分：英译汉要求800个单词；口译要求1000个单词。

初级笔译考试英译汉掌握250个单词；口译考试要求400个单词左右；交替传译要求掌握250个词左右。

中级笔译要求300个单词；口译英译汉要求500-个单词左右。

对应水平三级，非外语专业本科毕业、通过大学英语六级考试或外语大专毕业生水平，并具备一定的口笔译实践经验；二级，非外语专业研究生毕业或外语专业本科毕业生水平，并具备3-5年的翻译时间经验；一级，具备8-10年的翻译实践经验，是某语种互译方面的专家初级，北外英语专业本科二年级或二年级以上水平；中级，北外英语专业本科毕业或研究生水平；高级，北外高级翻译学院毕业生或以上水平。

2018年11月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译实务真题及答案英译汉Traces of microplastics and hazardous chemicals found in majority of snow and ice samples taken earlier this year.Plastic and traces of hazardous chemicals have been found in Antarctica, one of the world’s last great wil dernesses, according to a new study.Researchers spent three months taking water and snow samples from remote areas of the continent earlier this year.These have now been analysed and researchers have confirmed the majority contained “persistent hazardous chemicals” or microplastics.The findings come amid growing concern about the extent of the plastic pollution crisis which scientists have warned risks “permanent contamination” of the planet.Earlier this week, the UN warned it is one of the world’s biggest environmental threats and said although 60 countries were taking urgent action more needed to be done.The new report by researchers at Greenpeace is part of global campaign to create the world’s biggest ocean sanctuary in the seas around Antarcti ca to protect the fragile ecosystem from industrial fishing and climate change.Frida Bengtsson, of Greenpeace’s Protect the Antarctic campaign, said the findings proved that even the most remote areas of the planet were not immune from the impact of manmade pollution.“We need action at source, to stop these pollutants ending up in the Antarctic in the first place, and we need an Antarctic ocean sanctuary to give space for penguins, whales and the entire ecosystem to recover from the pressures they’re facing,” she said.Seven of the eight sea-surface water samples tested contained microplastics such as microfibres. Seven of the nine snow samples tested contained detectable concentrations of the persistent hazardous chemicals – polyfluorinated alkylated substances, or PFAS.Researchers said the chemicals are widely used in many industrial processes and consumer products and have been linked to reproductive and developmental issues inwildlife. They said the snow samples gathered included freshly fallen snow, suggesting the hazardous chemicals had come from contaminated rain or snowfall.Prof Alex Rogers, a specialist in sustainable oceans at the Oxford Martin school, Oxford University, said the discovery of plastics and chemicals in Antarctica confirmed that manmade pollutants were now affecting ecosystems in every corner of the world.And he warned the consequences of this pervasive contamination remained largely unknown.“The big question now is what are the actual consequences of finding this stuff here? Many of these chemicals are pretty nasty and as they move up the food chain they may be having serious consequences for the health of wildlife, and ultimately humans. The effects of microplastics on marine life, likewise, are largely not understood,” h e said.There is relatively little data on the extent of microplastics in Antarctic waters, and researchers said they hoped this new study would lead to a greater understanding of the global extent of plastic and chemical pollutants.Bengtsson said: “Pla stic has now been found in all corners of our oceans, from the Antarctic to the Arctic and at the deepest point of the ocean, the Mariana trench. We need urgent action to reduce the flow of plastic into our seas and we need large-scale marine reserves –like a huge Antarctic ocean sanctuary which over 1.6m people are calling for –to protect marine life and our oceans for future generations.”参考答案：在今年早些时候采集的大部分冰雪样本中发现了微量塑料和有害化学物质。

上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第二阶段口译部分模拟题（一）Part APassage One:Thank you very much. First, I’d like to thank you, Mr. President, for your wonderful introduction. I also want to thank members of the diplomatic corps who are here and several members of the Administration.I also want you to know that I do know a good deal about Georgetown.非常感谢。

首先，我想对校长精彩的介绍道声谢。

其次我还想感谢众位外交使节和几位政府官员莅临现场。

我也想告诉各位，对于乔治敦大学，我还是知之甚多的。

It is because this is a fine school of foreign service for which we all owe a debt of gratitude for the people that you have trained, for the people who have come to us in government, for the people from whom I have learned as an academic. This is also a fine university in general, a university that is well known for its dedication to learning, but also its dedication to universal values and to social justice.究其原因，其一是因为这是一所在外交方面著名学府，从这里走出了服务政府的济济人才，也走出了我本人在学术上十分景仰的专业人士。

2018年3月英语高级口译第一阶段笔试真题及答案解析(1~20/共20题)Part A Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.Play00:0003:03VolumeCigarette smoking is the greatest preventable cause of illness and death in Britain. It is associated with around 110,000__1__and an estimated 50 million lost working days each year, and costs the National Health Service an estimated__2__for the treatment of related diseases, for example, heart disease,__3__. In addition, smoking by pregnant women can cause__4__in infants and other natal problems. The Government is following an active__5__supported by voluntary agreements with the tobacco industry aimed at__6__.The Government also supports the work of the voluntary organization Action on Smoking and Health whose services include__7__, offering advice and help to employers in formulating anti-smoking policies. The Government__8_a smoke-free environment, with facilities where appropriate for those who wish to smoke, and has published__9_on smoking in public places. Health authorities have been asked to__10_as the normal practice in health service buildings and to give help and advice to people who want__11__. The Independent Scientific Committee on Smoking and Health estimated that passive smoking, especially__12__, may cause several hundred deaths through lung cancer every year.Passive smoking, the inhalation of second-hand smoke, can increase a non-smoker´s risk of getting lung cancer__13__, and may also increase the risk of cancers of the larynx (voice box) and pharynx (upper throat). Second-hand smoke can__14__. Every year, second-hand smoke kills thousands of people in Britain from lung cancer, heart disease,__15_—Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Second-hand smoke is particularly__16__. Children exposed to passive smoking are at a higher risk of__17__, asthma, bacterial meningitis and cot death. Second-hand smoke has been linked to around__18_new cases of disease among children in Britain each year. Almost__19_of tobacco smoke is invisible and smoke particles might also__20__.第1题第2题第3题第4题第5题第6题第7题第8题第9题第10题第11题第12题第13题第14题第15题第16题第17题第18题第19题第20题下一题(21~25/共20题)Part B Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Play00:0003:18Volume第21题A.She is stressed and overweight.B.She could only write email letters to her friends.C.Things seem to become more complicated.D.There are too many traffic jams and accidents.第22题A.By making phone calls.B.By paying regular visits.C.By writing email letters.D.By texting them via her smart phone.第23题A.He can use it for cosy chats with his friends and colleagues.B.He can have close contacts with his friends and colleagues.C.He can keep up with the latest trend in auto designing.D.He can show his friends and colleagues newly-arrived products.第24题A.They are stressed and overweight.B.Time can be saved for healthy activities.C.Everyone is irritated by the traffic jam.D.There is smog everywhere in the city proper.第25题A.You need to purchase a new mobile phone.B.You need to apply for a permit to use the smart phone.C.You need to go through certain professional training.D.You need a suitable smart phone with app installed.上一题下一题(26~30/共20题)Part B Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After eachone, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Play00:0006:09Volume第26题A.Melbourne has suffered from an "unprecedented" deluge.B.150 millimetres of rain have been expected to fall in three days.C.Heavy rain has brought major flooding to its north-east part.D.Its State Emergency Service has evacuated over 1,500 families.第27题A.An abandoned lorry with explosives.B.A sealed box with explosives.C.A detonator with batteries and wires.D.A wired device filled with nails.第28题A.It returned for retrofitting.B.It had a fatal accident.C.It was cut in half.D.It had a tiny leak at the bottom.第29题A.In 1974.B.In 1983.C.In 1993.D.Unknown.第30题A.$10 billion.B.$17 billion.C.$19.5 billion.D.$22.5 billion.上一题下一题(31~35/共20题)Part B Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Play00:0005:24Volume第31题A.To have someone invest in your future business.B.To come up with the right idea for your products.C.To incorporate or form a limited liability company.D.To go through the incorporation process.第32题A.You can sell your products in a legitimate way.B.You have an entity so that people can invest in your business.C.You want to open a bank account and start accepting money.D.You will feel like getting more than just the incorporation.第33题A.More investors are coming in to buy ownership or trust from your company.B.You start getting more checks for your new product or service.C.The bank requires incorporation papers to open an account.D.It is becoming more full-time than you had anticipated.第34题A.Make all of the decisions right from the beginning.B.Choose the type of entity that generates the best revenue.C.Open the bank account in the business name.D.File a conversion from a corporation to an LLC.第35题A.Make sure that it´s either an S corporation or a C corporation.B.Incorporate to protect their personal assets and save on taxes.C.Discuss with their accountants for the best incorporation strategy.D.Make adjustments based on tax situation and economic situation.上一题下一题(36~40/共20题)Part B Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Play00:0004:09Volume第36题A.Gain and loss in the financial markets.B.Merits and demerits of information overload.C.Benchmarking as a knowledge-sharing exercise.D.Cost-effectiveness in the information and digital age.第37题A.They all had ´information anxiety syndrome´.B.They often worked overtime surfing the Internet.C.They were too hard-working to take regular exercise.D.They had stage-fright before the Reuter correspondent.第38题A.Salomon Brothers went bankrupt back in the late 90s.B.Some guy leaned on his computer keyboard and lost ￡300 million.C.A trader typed ￡300 million into his computer instead of ￡30 million.lions of pounds´ worth of government bonds were sold by mistake.第39题paring individuals´ performance, according to different criteria.B.Managing expertise knowledge for employees´ career development.C.Investing in a company´s intellectual capital.D.Soliciting the information in the managers´ heads.第40题A.It is 20% material.B.It is 30% know-how.C.It is 70% know-how.D.It is 80% material.上一题下一题(41~45/共20题)SECTION 2 READING TESTDirections: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write tile letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.It was the frog that pushed me over the edge. I´ve never been a Harry Potter fan myself—I was already out of kids´ books when they first came out, and those clever grown-up covers weren´t enough to tempt me back—but I´d always admired JK Rowling from afar. Who wouldn´t? A writer whose imagination transfixed the world, whose riches now exceed those of the Queen, but who has founded a children´s charity, and remains both poised and politically engaged: as role models go, it is hard to think of a better one.So I was pleased when my seven-year-old son went Harry Potter crazy. Having never read to himself before, he was suddenly racing through book after book, his bedside light on late into the night. His brother and several of his friends caught the hug. They dashed about on broomsticks, casting spells and looking for snitches. It was impressive to see the "Harry Potter effect" in action. the magical power that, since its publication, has revitalised the children´s publishing industry, encouraged millions of children to read, sold more than 400m copies, and generated a cultural empire worth ￡20bn.Less pleasant was the realisation that there was a marketing juggernaut poised to capitalise on my son´s enthusiasm. Unlike those first readers 20 years ago, the children discovering Harry Potter now are immediately faced with a multibillion-pound industry trading in Potter-themed "experiences" and paraphernalia. The prices of this stuff are hardly childsized: ￡35 for a plastic wand—and ￡4.50 for a chocolate frog. In the gift shop at the British Library´s exhibition, Harry Potter: A History of Magic, I watched my son deliberate anxiously about whether to spend nine weeks´ pocket money on the chocolate, and couldn´t avoid feeling that he was being fleeced by the Harry Potter industry.Rowling´s approach to commerce appears to have shifted in recent years. In the early days, the marketing around Harry Potter relied upon scarcity. Total secrecy surrounded the books before publication, and Rowling insisted that Warner Bros, which bought the merchandising rights in 1998, issued relatively few licences to manufacturers. She refused profitable partnerships with fast-food chains. The idea was to play the long game, and avoid over-saturatingthe market. More recently, it has become clear that the thirst for Potter-related products is nigh on unquenchable. It is estimated that when you include the income generated by tourism to Harry Potter-related attractions, the boy wizard is worth ￡4bn to the UK economy. It was reported that 10 wands are sold on eBay every minute, and three Harry Potter costumes every hour. There are now four Wizarding World of Harry Potter theme parks (two in Florida, one in Hollywood and one in Osaka, Japan).The Warner Bros studio tour The Making of Harry Potter has attracted more than 8 million visitors since it opened outside London in March 2012, and official themed shops have opened in King´s Cross railway station and Heathrow airport, with smaller independent tribute shops around the country. When a Harry Potter-themed wand shop opened in Brighton recently there were queues around the block. "My feeling is that Rowling, who once vowed to resist the commercialisation of her creation, has decided to ´give the customers what they want´," says Stephen Brown, a marketing expert who has studied the Harry Potter phenomenon. "You can hardly blame her. If she didn´t, all sorts of fakes and counterfeits and so on would crawl out of the woodwork."This may be true, but I still feel sorry for the young readers whose experience of Harry will be forever shaped by these commercial forces. One can only hope that they pay close attention to the books themselves, in which Rowling satirises marketing mumbo-jumbo. The books are careful to show us that what we want may not be, in fact, what we need. In The Philosopher´s Stone, the Mirror of Erised reflects each viewer´s deepest desires, but as Dumbledore observes, "This mirror will give us neither knowledge nor truth. Men have wasted away before it, entranced by what they have seen, or been driven mad, not knowing if what it shows is real or even possible."第41题What is the passage mainly about? ______A."Harry Potter effect" and its inevitable consequences.B.Harry Potter: A History of Magic, a successful exhibition.C.The over-commercialisation of JK Rowling´s Harry Potter.D.Rowling´s consistent approach to the marketing of Harry Potter.第42题The author uses her 7-year-old son´s story as an introduction mainly to tell us ______.A.how successful the creation of the magic story of Harry Potter isB.how the world changes in the two decades of Harry Potter´s publicationC.how Harry Potter-related attractions have become a multimillion-pound industryD.how the readers´ enthusiasm has been capitalised by the marketing strategy第43题Which of the following CANNOT be true according to the passage? ______A.Harry Potter theme parks have generated a culture empire worth ￡20bn.B.The studio tour of Harry Potter has attracted millions of visitors since 2012.C.Harry Potter: A History of Magic exhibition was held in the British Library.D.Warner Bros bought the merchandising rights of Harry Potter.第44题When Rowling has decided to "give the customers what they want" (para. 5), her implication is that she will ______.A.serve the young customers whole-heartedlyB.write more books for childrenC.cater to the marketing demandD.refuse profitable partnerships with fast food chains第45题At the end of the passage, the author introduces Dumbledore´s observation ______.A.to reveal that JK Rowling´s real intention is to satirise marketing propagandaB.to demonstrate that Rowling is paradoxical in what she preaches and acts.C.to show that what we want is often not what we needD.to indicate that Harry Porter books are a best example of commercialisation上一题下一题(46~50/共20题)SECTION 2 READING TESTDirections: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write tile letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Coventry has been named the UK´s city of culture for 2021, a one-off opportunity to boost the economy, tourism, civic pride and access to the arts but also, its backers hope, a chance to be in the limelight and have some fun. It follows Derry and Hull as the third UK city of culture, a programme modelled on the European capital of culture concept, which had such a dramatic effect on the fortunes of Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in 2008. The winner was announced live on television by the arts minister John Glen at BBC´s The One Show. Coventry beat Swansea, Stoke-on-Trent, Sunderland and the town of Paisley.David Burbidge, the chair of the bid team, said: "It´s huge and just an incredible result. Most importantly, we are bringing this to the people of Coventry and they deserve this, so we are thrilled that we have been selected." He said one early survey showed 80% of Coventry residents supported the bid. About 150 businesses have also given the bid financial support, which may have set Coventry apart from other bidders. "Coventry has taken a lot of knocks over the years and this is the time for us to spring back and to show the world what we are made of. We have the advantage of being a very young city, seven years below the national average, which means more time to enjoy the success. We will make the most of this title and make everybody proud of Coventry," Burbidge said.Glen said the title was "an incredible opportunity for Coventry to boost investment in the local economy, grow tourism and put arts and culture centre stage". Each of the bidders had made spirited pitches reflecting on their cultural pasts and future ambitions. Coventry is the birthplace of the poet Philip Larkin, the thriller writer Lee Child, the singer Hazel O´Connor and the band The Specials, whose anthem to 1980s urban decay and rising unemployment, Ghost Town, was inspired by the city. The "Our Coy" promotional film reflected on the city´s rebuilding and reinvention after the Blitz, the steeliness of its people and the boast "we shape, we make, we give more than we take".While Coventry celebrated, others reflected on what might have been. Paisley, with a population of 77,000, was easily the smallest bidder and had been one of the favourites. It was the first town to be shortlisted after the contest began in 2009. Its promotional film rifled on it being the birthplace of Paisley print, the musicians Kelly Marie, Gerry Rafferty and Paolo Nutini,the actors David Tennant and Gerard Butler, and Robertson´s marmalade. The Scottish culture secretary, Fiona Hyslop, said Paisley´s bid had been inspiring. "Despite just missing out they can all be immensely proud of their efforts, they have done Paisley and Scotland proud." Swansea, a city summed up by its most famous son, Dylan Thomas, as an "ugly, lovely town", was also shortlisted last time around. The winner gets ￡3m from the Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) but government money is also expected to be forthcoming. Hull was said to have received ￡15m in government funding as well as ￡3m from Arts Council England and ￡3m from the HLF. Importantly, the city of culture status gives leverage and access to other pots of money, public and private. It has been estimated that Hull has had ￡1bn of investment since it won four years ago, with an economic boost in 2017 alone of ￡60m. Hotel occupancy has been up 14% and train journeys up 17%.But more than bald economic figures, the status has given Hull a spiritual lift and changed perceptions of the city. The blizzard of cultural highlights over the year included a visit by the Royal Ballet, the first Prom outside London since the 1930s, the Turner prize, 3,000 residents getting naked and blue for a Spencer Tunick photograph, and the world premiere of a new Richard Bean play, The Hypocrite. The lure of the prize has intensified since the EU, post-Brexit, cancelled Britain´s turn for a European city of culture award in 2023. That came after much time, effort and money had gone into formal bids from Dundee, Nottingham, Leeds, Milton Keynes and Belfast-Derry.The five competing UK cities of culture were visited by a panel of judges chaired by Phil Redmond, the creator of Brookside and Grange Hill, who headed Liverpool´s European capital of culture year. He said: "The process has highlighted the depth and strength of culture across the UK. That made it difficult choosing a winner, but I would like to congratulate Coventry and I am sure they will build on the legacy of Derry-Londonderry and Hull and bring about a transformational change in 2021." The UK city of culture programme was introduced by the then Labour culture secretary, Andy Burnham, and has spawned a London version with the mayor, Sadiq Khan, launching a contest to choose a London borough of culture, the first in 2019.第46题According to the passage, the UK city of culture programme ______.A.has had a history of thirty yearsB.was first initiated by a non-governmental organisationC.has been followed by the European capital of culture programmeD.was established when the Labour Party was in power第47题It can be inferred from the passage that Coventry ______.A.is the youngest city in Great BritainB.is a glorious city full of art and cultural traditionsC.has undergone huge reconstruction after World War ⅡD.has produced the most famous poet Dylan Thomas第48题Which of the following is true according to the passage? ______A.Coventry has won the UK city of culture after Glasgow and Liverpool.B.Three cities of Derry, Hull and Coventry have won the UK city of culture.C.Eight cities have joined the bidding for the UK city of culture for 2021.D.Most businesses in Coventry have given the bid financial support.第49题All of the following about Paisley is true EXCEPT that ______.A.it is the town with the smallest population among the biddersB.it is the town located in ScotlandC.it was shortlisted in the first contest for the UK city of cultureD.it has been bidding for the UK city of culture three times running第50题It can he concluded from the last paragraph that ______.A.Britain will join the contest for a European city of culture award in 2023B.the five UK cities spent much time, effort and money to win the bidding with much hopeC.the London borough of culture contest follows the UK city of culture programmeD.Brexit will lead to the cancellation of the European city of culture programme上一题下一题(51~55/共20题)SECTION 2 READING TESTDirections: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write tile letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.American workers without college degrees have suffered financially for decades. More recent is the discovery that their woes might be deadly, in 2015 Anne Case and Angus Deaton reported that in the 20 years to 1998, the mortality rate of middle-aged white Americans fell by about 2% a year. But between 1999 and 2013, deaths rose. Thereversal was all the more striking because, in Europe, overall middle-age mortality fell at the same 2% pace. By 2013 middle-aged white Americans were dying at twice the rate of similarly aged Swedes. Suicide, drug overdoses and alcohol abuse were to blame.Ms Case and Mr Deaton have now updated their work on the issue. The results are no happier. White middle-age mortality continued to rise in 2014 and 2015. The trend transcends geography. It is found in almost every state, and in both cities and rural areas. The problem seems to be getting worse over time. Deaths from drugs, suicide and alcohol have risen in every five-year cohort of whites born since the 1940s. You might think that rising mortality is the flipside of falling incomes. Recent trends in median per-person income for households headed by white 50- to 54-year-olds mirror their mortality rate. Income rises in the 1990s and then falls in the 2000s. But split people out by education, and the reflection fades. The income of college graduates has followed a similar pattern. But their mortality has steadily fallen. And deaths of despair are much rarer among blacks and Hispanics, whose incomes have been on similar paths.The authors suspect more amorphous forces are at work. The fundamental cause is still a familiar tale of economic malaise: trade and technological progress have snuffed out opportunities for the low-skilled. But social changes are also in play. As economic life has become less secure, low-skilled white men have tended towards unstable cohabiting relationships. They have abandoned traditional communal religion in favour of churches that emphasise personal identity. And they have become more likely to stop working entirely. The breakdown of family, community and clear structures of life, has liberated many but left others who fail blamingthemselves and feeling helpless and desperate.Why are whites the worst affected? The authors speculate that their misery flows from their crushed aspirations. Blacks and Hispanics face worse economic circumstances, but may have had lower expectations. Or they may have taken hope from progress against discrimination. Low-skilled whites, by contrast, may find many aspects of their lives perennially disappointing. That may Push them towards depression, drugs and alcohol. The theory does not explain why misfortune is so lethal in America. It is hardly the only place where manufacturing jobs have disappeared and the social fabric has frayed. In other English-speaking countries deaths of despair have risen, but not by as much. But it is not hard to see ways in which Americans are particularly vulnerable.One example is the easy availability of opioid painkillers. Deaths from opioids more than doubled between 2002 and 2015. The epidemic is primarily found in North America. Another is access to guns, which are used in around half of suicides. However, although both these factors probably increase deaths, they cannot fully explain them. Alcohol, which kills many of those who despair, is readily available across the West. A more likely root cause for despair is the absence of a safety net for swathes of Americans. Before Obamacare financed an expansion of Medicaid, few states provide any coverage at all for adults without dependent children. A lack of health insurance has obvious implications for mortality when illness strikes. But it causes the healthy anguish, too. A randomised trial in Oregon found that Medicaid reduces depression rates by a third. In other rich countries, people in dire straits need not worry about paying for health care.Broader social insurance is also lacking. The help available for workers who lose their jobs is paltry compared with their lifetime income losses. As a percentage of GDP, America spends only one-fifth of the average in the OECD, a club of mostly rich countries, on training workers: It spends only a quarter of the average on financial help for the jobless. Yet Americans do not seem to build their own safety nets; 46% say they could not cover an unexpected $400 expense and would have to sell something or borrow to pay for it. A perilous economic existence and a culture which almost indiscriminately holds people responsible for their circumstances are toxic for mental well-being.Life is unlikely to become more secure for the low-skilled. In fact, policy may soon make it more perilous. The health-care bill that lawmakers were due to vote on as The Economist went to press would vastly increase costs for the older, poorer people who are suffering the most. One avenue for reducing despair may lie in future generations of low-skilled Americans curbing their aspirations. Indeed, some of the jobless young already seem content to spend much of their leisure time playing video games. But America can surely do better than to hope for less hope.第51题What did Anne Case and Angus Deaton tell us about the issue of mortality rate? ______A.The mortality of middle-aged white Americans rose at 2% pace for four decades.B.The mortality rate of middle-aged white Americans rose without stop from 1999 to 2015.C.The overall middle-age mortality in Europe also rose at 2% between 1999 and 2013.D.The mortality rate varies from each other in every five-year group of white Americans.第52题Why are the deaths of despair much rarer among blacks and Hispanics in America? ______A.They have been liberated largely from progress against racial discrimination.。

Unit11.欢迎希尔博士和夫人来访上海。

Welcome to Shanghai, Dr. and Mrs. Hill.2.请允许我做自我介绍。

Please allow me to introduce myself.3．我叫洪建信，是中美医药公司的副总经理。

My name is Jianxin Hong. I am deputy managing director of the Sino-American Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd.4.我们很荣幸能请到您，我也特别高兴能认识您。

It is a great honor to have you here with us .And I am so delighted to make your acquaintance .5.我们去取行李吧。

We wil go there and pick up the luggage .4．久闻先生大名, 我在研究生学习时期所写的两篇论文曾参考了您的研究成果。

I have long heard of you,and as a matter of fact, I referred to your researchfindings in a couple of my papers during my graduate studies.6.我为能在上海接待您和您的家人深感愉快，我很高兴我们能在今后的半年里合作共事。

It gives me such a great pleasure to meet you and your family here inShanghai and I am very glad that you will be working with us for the next six months.7.我们将给您配备两名实验助手。

必要时我们还想邀请您的一名同事一起参加我们的一项研究工作。

2018年下半年CATTI二级口译试题Part 1 English to Chinese InterpretingPassage 11.The torrent of innovation and entrepreneurship sweeping China has become a new engine fueling China’s economic growth, and in this process capital has played an indispensable role. Some people ask me about which areas will create new leaders, and therefore, should investors pay the most attention to? What kinds of business start-ups am I most interested in? There are indeed industrial leaders in almost every visible segment. But when it comes to the new economy, newcomers always stand a chance of defeating those first arrivals. From my point of view, opportunities exist in the following three areas.2.First, there are plenty of opportunities in a niche market利基市场. For instance, is a leading general e-commerce website, and there are many other e-commerce platforms focused on selling one particular type of product such as cosmetics or baby products. Second, opportunities exist along the industrial chain of e-commerce. Taking Amazon for example, it’s a business-to-customer (B2C) website where third-party sellers are invited to open stores. They can take part in logistics, customs, storage, and other industrial chain of commerce.3. Third, with the advent of the mobile Internet era, new location-based and social-based opportunities will pop up. For example, taxi-hailing apps Uber, Didi Dache and Kuaidi Dache are areas that Internet giants once overlooked or failed to cover. Investment opportunities on TMT (telecommunication, media and technology) area will exist in at least the above-mentioned three areas. New areas such as big data and cloud computing will churn out plenty of opportunities as well. These are all investment directions for us, with unlimited room for development.4.Personally, I favor three types of business start-ups—those with a hi-tech barrier, those with an innovative business model and those with established skills in a certain segment.The first and third types are easy to understand, but the second one could be a little tricky. Basically, a company has to create a completely new model to enter a potentially huge market. I would be really interested in this kind of business start-ups.5.People asked me when a revenue model is absent at the early stage, how can you tell whether a company is worth investing in? A sound and good revenue model is an essential issue in the investment world, however, we have found a paradox in both Chinese and U.S. markets. Many Internet giants either didn’t have one clear revenue model at the early stage, or they had one but changed to a different model as it grew. We should never rule out a project arbitrarily when its revenue model is absent or unclear.6.This is a must-have quality in the investment world. As a matter of fact, the team matters a lot at the early stage. I believe an excellent team has a strong ability to cash in what it has to offer. Whether we should invest in a company when it doesn’t have a clear revenue model is the difficult part for a venture capitalist, but is also the most attractive part in this job. That’s what sorts outstanding professional venture capitalists from lame ones.7.Some people think there are bubbles in the technology industry in China, and that the bubbles may soon burst. Personally, I think technological innovation will continue and bubbles in this area are quite obvious. It’s obvious in that the valuation of some tech firms is way too high. Meanwhile, whenever a new concept appears within a sector, it will become very crowded, intensifying competition or even resulting in cutthroat competition.8.Finally, both investors and entrepreneurs have as a result become more anxious, especially during 2014. The market, according to my observation, has restored some of its rationality since 2015. Overheating does exist in the venture capital market. It’s mostly because there’s too much hot money available in the market, but not so many investment channels.Passage 2We have come together to lend our voices to the growing global effort to combat the illegal wildlife trade –a trade that has reached such unprecedented levels of killing and related violence that it now poses a grave threat not only to the survival of some of the world’s most treasured species, but also to economic and political stability in many areas around the world.Organized bands of criminals are stealing and slaughtering elephants, rhinos and tigers, as well as large numbers of other species, in a way that has never been seen before, pushing many species to the brink of extinction. They are taking these animals using the sophisticated weapons of war –assault rifles, silencers, night vision equipment and helicopters. Unarmed park rangers are no match for these organized gangs and high-powered equipment. Tragically, many brave rangers have lost their lives while trying to save those of the animals.It is shocking that future generations may know a world without these magnificent animals and the habitat upon which they depend. This year, I have become even more devoted to protecting the resources of the Earth for not only my own son but also the other children of his generation to enjoy. I want them to be able to experience the same Africa that I did as a child. It is, of course, even more important for each child growing up in countries where these animals live. It is nothing less than immoral that they are losing their birthright to fuel the greed of international criminals.Our profound belief is that humanity is less than humanity without the rest of creation: the destruction of these endangered species will diminish us all. Allow mejust to give you some sense of the scale of the problem with a few staggering numbers: More than 30,000 elephants were killed last year-amounting to nearly 100 deaths per day. In the past ten years, sixty-two per cent of African forest elephants have been lost. If this rate continues, the forest elephant will be extinct within ten years. As recently as 100 years ago, there were as many as 100,000 wild tigers living in Asia. Today, there are believed to be fewer than 3,200 left in the wild.Despite the terrible crisis that we now face, we both continue to be optimistic that the tide can be reversed. We have been so impressed by the brilliant work already being done on the ground to improve enforcement and in consumer countries to stop the demand for wildlife products. We are also extremely encouraged that this issue is now starting to receive the attention it deserves at the highest levels of governments. It is heartening that many African leaders are proactively developing plans of action and seeking solutions.We are hopeful that this meeting will lead to tangible results on the ground, where they are so sorely needed. But even more needs to be done. Neither governments, international organizations, nor private companies, can tackle this enormous task alone. It will take action from all of us to beat back this highly organized criminal activity. In the face of such a threat, it is natural to feel powerless, but I have seen the extraordinary impact of advances in protection on the ground, and the power of social media in reducing demand for these products. Each one of us can help by raising our voices to support them. We have to be the generation that stopped the illegal wildlife trade, and secured the future of these magnificent animals, and their habitats, for if we fail, it will be too late.Part 2 Chinese to English InterpretingPassage 1现在中国经济增长放缓，因此2015年，中国政府推行了供给侧改革，国际社会对此十分关注，但是也产生了很多的误解，人们会有疑问，为什么中国政府会推行这样的改革。

上海市英语高级口译资格证书第二阶段考试INTERPRETATION TEST (Paper 24) 2000.5Part ADirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. After you have heard each paragraph, interpret in into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal… and stop it at the signal…you may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages only once. Now let’s begin Part A with the first passage.Passage 1:Since the early 1990’s, information technologies havefundamentally changed and will continue to change the world in which we live, work, study and communicate. Today, on the threshold of the21st century, the global Information Revolution has become a reality. The accelerated development of information technologies is having an increasing impact on the global economic activity and social structures. //More significantly, the nature of information technologies is undergoing a profound revolution. The multimedia information exchange has become digital, wireless, mobile, and interactive. Advanced electronic networks, particularly in the field of electronic commerce, are now allowing people to make the best use of business opportunities that are never before imagined.(参考答案)自从九十年代初以来，信息技术已经从根本上改变了并且继续改变着世界，改变着人们的居住、工作、学习和交际(方式)。

上海英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试参考答案SECTION 1：LISTENING TESTPart A: Spot Dictation1. government success2. talk about3. press conferences4. alert foreign correspondents5. local officials6. write their stories7. eye witness 8. opposition politicians9. check information 10. close to it11. inform other people 12. in an interesting way13. only one chance 14. element of repetition15. at the start of a report 16. shorten17. match the subject matter 18. royal wedding19. plane crash 20. making it difficult to understandPart B: Listening Comprehension1-5 D B D C B 6-10 C A D A D11-15 B A C A B 16-20 D A C B BSECTION 2: READING TEST1-5 A B A B C 6-10 B C C D B11-15 C D C D B 16-20 C B D C BSECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST自达尔文以来，生物学家们始终坚信，大自然的运作是没有打算的或者是没有意义的，它不会通过直接的设计途径去追求目标。

但是，今日我们知道，这一信念是个严峻错误。

为什么恰如达尔文所理解和描述的进化就该是无打算、无理性的呢？当飞机设计工程师们利用风洞对大量的、依据统计数据制造的机体模型的耐用性能进展检试，以从中选出功能的设计时，物理学家经过上万次的计算机运算，试图找出是哪些材料、以怎样的结合方式、以及什么的构造形式才最相宜用于原子核反响堆的建筑时，我们能够说这中间没有自然选择的过程么？他们也未进展事先设计的适应性调整，而是依据选择原理开展工作的。

英翻中原文：Improved human well-being is one of the greatest triumphs of the modern era. The age of plenty has also led to an unexpected global health crisis: two billion people are either overweight or obese. Developed countries have been especially susceptible to unhealthy weight gain. However developing countries are now facing a similar crisis. Obesity rates have peaked in high income countries but are accelerating elsewhere. The combined findings of the World Health Organization and the World Bank showed that in 2016 Asia was home to half the world’s overweight children. One quarter was in Africa. Residents of developing nation cities are increasingly susceptible to obesity. According to India’s National Institute of Nutrition over a quarter of urban-dwelling men and nearly half of women are overweight.译文：民生福祉之改善乃现代最伟大的功绩之一。

上海高级口译要取消了? 2018年英语翻译资格考试高级口译指导：名篇名译翻译网权威发布2016年英语翻译资格考试高级口译指导：名篇名译，更多2016年英语翻译资格考试高级口译指导相关信息请访问英语翻译资格考试网。

译事三难:信、达、雅。

求其信，已大难矣!故信矣，不达，虽译，犹不译也，则达上焉。

...易曰：“修辞立诚。

”子曰：“辞达而已!”又曰：“言而无文，行之不远。

”三者乃文章正轨，亦即为译事楷模。

故信、达而外，求其尔雅...——严复《天演论.译立言》 1. 原文：On this board,thirsty strangers deposited their cups as they stood in the road and drank,and threw the dregs on the dusty ground to the pattern of Polynesia,and wished they could have a restful seat inside.(Thomas Hardy:Tess of the d”Urbervilles)译文：患酒喝的客人，都站在路上买醉，往这块隔板上放空酒杯;他们把酒渣儿洒在满是尘土的地上，做成玻里尼西亚群岛的花样。

他们很想能在屋子里面，有一个安身落座的地方。

(张谷若译) 赏析：”thirsty”是“口渴的”的意思，用在原文中当然不是指“客人”渴了想喝水，译成“患酒喝得”恐怕是最好的选择。

“站在路上买醉”，似乎不是很忠实于原文，但转念一想，既然爱酒都爱到”thirsty”的地步，那么终于寻找到了一个喝酒的机会，不喝个半醉不醉，反而不可想象了，所以“买酒”即“买醉”。

2. 原文：No greater misfortune can befall a country than to be governed by an old tyrant. 译文：国之横祸，莫过于暴君当政。

上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题2018年09月(总分300, 做题时间180分钟)SECTION 1: LISTENING TESTPart A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard. Write your answer in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet. Remember you will hear the passage only once.Last week, we discussed the concept of joint legal custody. Today, let's turn to 1 . In recent years, shared or joint physical custody has gained tremendous popularity as a meansof 2 after a divorce. While the court has the final word on custody decisions, the judge upholds 3 .Physical custody refers to the parent's right to have the children actually reside 4 . Shared physical custody can take many forms, from summers at father's and the school year with mother, 5 every other day. Children have two primary residences, even if 6 is not equal. As we have learned last week, joint legal custody refers to 7 for making major decisions about a child's welfare includingeducation, 8 , regardless of where the children are living. Frequently divorcing couples 9 without sharing physical custody.We may ask: Why has joint physical custody 10 ? One positive reason is that women and men are realizingmore 11 , and more men want to have a primary role in their lives. Many fathers are no longer content tobe 12 while Mom retains sole custody. As traditional marital roles change, so are our concepts of the best wayto 13 .Another reason for the increase in popularity relates to the increase in mothers who must work full-time. 14 becomes quite difficult for a mother if she has a demanding full-time job, especially one 15 . Many couples, whose pre-separation lives were already stretched thin, find they must 16 to manage the childcare needs.In some cases, the choice of shared physical custody may help avoid a prolonged, bitter custody battle which is 17 . Because of the very nature of the adversarial process in a divorce, conflict is often exacerbated and 18 . In most cases, ajudge will rule in favor of what is 19 of the child. Therefore, when there are 20 , joint physical custody is an obvious solution.SSS_FILL1.SSS_FILL2.SSS_FILL3.SSS_FILL4.SSS_FILL5.SSS_FILL6.SSS_FILL7.SSS_FILL8.SSS_FILL9.SSS_FILL10.SSS_FILL11.SSS_FILL12.SSS_FILL13.SSS_FILL14.SSS_FILL15.SSS_FILL16.SSS_FILL17.SSS_FILL18.SSS_FILL19.SSS_FILL20.Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will hear some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken only once. Now listen carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet with a thick line through the centre.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following telephone conversation.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.•** enquire about some specialties of the Hotel's restaurant.•** confirm the Conference Wifi of the Radisson Hotel.•** reserve an extra dinner table for the new people from the States.** make some last-minute changes to the hotel arrangements.AABBCCDDSSS_SINGLE_SEL2.•**.•**.•**.**.AABBCCDSSS_SINGLE_SEL3.•** night.•** nights.•** nights.** the weekend.AABBCCDDSSS_SINGLE_SEL4.•** are satisfied with the hotel service.•** are attending an auto exhibition.•** will stay in the hotel for some nights. ** will have some conferences in the hotel.AABBCCDDSSS_SINGLE_SEL5.•** the conference hall.•** the exhibition room.•** the hotel rooms.** the main hall.ABBCCDDQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.SSS_SINGLE_SEL6.•** will ban plastic items across all its global stores.•** will stop selling single-use plastic products.•** will achieve the goal of zero-emission in all its products. ** will serve more than one billion people around the world.AABBCCDDSSS_SINGLE_SEL7.•** offered the free download of Hans Rosling's book for US college graduates.•** urged US college students to buy a book in memory of the author, Hans Rosling.•** set up a fund to help the family of the author who wrote the book "Factfulness".** encouraged US college graduates to learn more about the world.AABBCCDDSSS_SINGLE_SEL 8.•** iconic islands.•** flooded areas.•** turkey.** turtle.AABBCCDDSSS_SINGLE_SEL 9.•**%.•**%.•**%.**%.AABBCCDDSSS_SINGLE_SEL 10.• A.$1,400.• B.$50,000.• C.$100,000.• D.$250,000.AABBCCDDQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.SSS_SINGLE_SEL11.•** world-s oil reserves would be used up by the beginning of the 21st century.•** cars would be developed in the US by 2038.•** world-s oil reserves would not be exhausted for another hundred years.** of all vehicles would be running on electricity by 2024.AABBCCDDSSS_SINGLE_SEL12.•**.•**.•** hydrogen and part gasoline.** electricity and part gasoline.AABBCCDDSSS_SINGLE_SEL13.•** emits only heat and water in the generating process.•** can be stored safely in the hydrogen cells.•** is durable, powerful, and low cost.** is a kind of odorless gas.AABBCCDDSSS_SINGLE_SEL14.•** ability to store hydrogen safely in automobiles.•** cost-effective way to produce hydrogen.•** campaign to raise people's environmental awareness.** infrastructure for distributing hydrogen to vehicles for refueling options.AABBCCDDSSS_SINGLE_SEL15.•** was not necessarily a bad thing to cut funding for making hydrogen fuel-cell cars.•** was unlikely to achieve all four breakthroughs for hydrogen fuel-cell transportation.** electric car would replace the **bustion engine in the near future.** electric car had met the same problems for hydrogen-powered vehicles.AABBCCDDQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.SSS_SINGLE_SEL16.•**.•**.•**.**.AABBCCDDSSS_SINGLE_SEL17.•** limbs of a dinosaur were adapted for moving fast for long periods of time.•** limbs of a dinosaur resembled those of an African lion or tiger.•** cold-blooded animal could not run as fast as a warm-blooded one.** warm-blooded animal was superior to a cold-blooded one despite its size.AABBCCDDSSS_SINGLE_SEL18.•** could escape from its predator.•** could run very fast for 10 seconds.•** was made to be a predator.** was an endurance runner.AABBCCDDSSS_SINGLE_SEL19.•** and plant kinship.•** animals in Africa.•** relationships.** of reptiles.AABBCCDDSSS_SINGLE_SEL20.•** were real gigantic monsters that fascinated young people.•** were fundamentally better than rhinos and elephants.•** were either meat eaters or plant eaters.** were in fact warm-blooded animals.AABBCCDDSECTION 2: READING TESTDirections: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose One best answer, A, B, C or D, to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet with a thick line through the centre.. We are living in a world defined by digital transformation. The ongoing evolution of analytics and business intelligence, the explosion in big data and world-changing innovations acrossartificial intelligence, machine-learning and deep-learning are all converging to provide businesses with unparalleled insight and a new understanding of their customers, competitors, challenges and future potential. It is this enhanced understanding of the future business landscape, the power of predictive analytics, which is driving real change across the energy industry.Twenty years ago, if a plant shut down, maintenance was a "necessary evil" with the bottom line taking a hit from the resulting days of unforeseen downtime. Executives of energy firms were making decisions without the power to predict. Like a seismologist tracking the next big earthquake, there was no sure way of knowing when thenext shutdown would happen, causing profits to plunge. It was a huge and seemingly intractable problem for industry to address. Nothing hurts a capital-intensive business like unplanned downtime. As an example, one large mid-stream oil and **pany was recently reported to be losing close to $1 million for each failure of an oil well pump.Companies have spent millions in the past trying to address the unplanned downtime issue, but until now they have only been able to address wear and age-based failures because they lacked insight into the process-induced failures that are estimated to cause more than 80% of unplanned downtime. Today, however, through advances in machine-learning and the science of maintenance, energy firms are empowered with technology and real-time operational data that can detect breakdowns before they occur. With a stable plant and active assets, business leaders Can plan, increase performance of their business and raise profitability, safe in the knowledge that plant maintenance is seen as a way of delivering value to the organisation, and not as a cost centre and burden. It's a complete transformation, but how exactly has it come about?Digitalisation is far from new to the energy industry, after all. Asset-intensive industries have been capturing reams of data, much of it from internet-enabled sensors, but also from data historians and other information sources, since the late-1970s. That process has accelerated significantly in recent years. Energy and**panies in capital-intensive industries now have access to growing volumes of real-time data, as sensors become more pervasive and less expensive, and as advanced analytics are fed through increased connectivity. But this high-speed access to more and more data is not by itself giving decision-makers the time or the insights they need to break through operational excellence barriers.The tipping **es with the practical and reliable application of machine-learning. Asset performance management (APM) has always been key in this industry in keeping assets up and running, but it had previously relied on statistical projections and rule-of-thumb estimates to define likely future performance. APM is evolving fast, driven by the catalyst of low-touch machine-learning. This represents a breakthrough in automating data collection, cleansing and analysis to provide prescriptive maintenance, protection for equipment. The integration of the two marks a transition from estimated engineering and statistical models towards measuring patterns of asset behaviour.Deployed coherently, with appropriate automation, low-touch machine-learning enables greater agility and flexibility to incorporate current, historical and projected conditions from process sensors, and mechanical and process events. Systems become more agileand are able to adapt to real data conditions—and incorporate the nuances of asset behaviour. Now previous maintenance practices can be improved to recognise issues affecting asset degradation. Operational integrity improves when organisations implement strategies to detect root causes early and avoid unplanned downtime. The latest breed of APM solutions is ready to improve reliability, lift net product output and increase profitability, marking it clear that the power to predict is driving positive change across the energy sector.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1. According to the author, what is the driving force for change across the energy industry? ______•** new understanding of one's customers **petitors.** profitability of businesses.•** explosion in big data.** power of predictive analytics.AABBCCDDSSS_SINGLE_SEL2. What is the main cause for the unplanned downtime of companies? ______•** wear and age-based failures.•** problems related to asset behaviour.•** process-induced failures.** problem of asset-degradation.AABBCCDDSSS_SINGLE_SEL3. For decision-makers of today, what is the most important to gain insights to break through operational excellence barriers? ______•** application of machine-learning.•** collection of real time data.•** projections.** estimates.AABBCCDDSSS_SINGLE_SEL4. All of the following statements about asset performance management are true EXCEPT that ______.•** has always been important in keeping assets up and running •** **panies access to growing volumes of real-time data** rapid development is attributable to the catalyst of machine learning** is ready to improve reliability and lift net product outputAABBCCDDSSS_SINGLE_SEL5. Which of the following can best serve as the title for the passage? ______•** to predict.•** to compete.•** to increase performance.** to address failures.AABBCCDD. "I've always kind of felt like eventually it was going to happen here too." That was what one student said at Santa Fe High School in Texas after the latest school shooting. An understandable sentiment, given how often such shootings are in the news, but mistaken statistically: With more than 55 million students in our schools, the odds of one of them becoming the victim of a mass shooting are vanishingly small. Still, mass school shootings **mon enough that the responses have become routinized, even ritualized: paramilitary police, armored vehicles, news conferences, thoughts and prayers—and more precautions.Preparation is already the norm. Two-thirds of American school districts conduct "active shooter" drills. Most of America's students know exactly what to do: Move to designated safe spaces, lock doors, turn off lights, silence phones, hide in closets, make the space appear empty. Then, when instructed, evacuate single-file, hands over head. Santa Fe High School had such drills, as well as armed officers and security cameras. Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Fla: had drills too. "I don't think we could have been more prepared." one Stoneman Douglas teacher said.Nevertheless, 17 students and teachers died in Parkland, and 10 more died in Texas last week. All that preparation wasn't enough. So, predictably, there are calls for more precautions—for controlled entry, locked doors, bag searches—just as there were calls for more after Parkland, when Sen. Mike Rounds of South Dokota prescribed "multiple lines of defense" at every school in the country. Every precaution, that is, except for one: limiting access to guns. It's the single line of defense that we as a nation are unwilling to contemplate, even though guns create the need for all those defenses.When I was a child in Los Angeles, we held earthquake drills. But the adults organizing those drills weren't operating a machine to generate earthquakes. The fact that guns are widely available is notsome biblical plague. It's a policy choice we make. But rather than confront that choice, we circle its symptoms, and many of our responses are as unnecessary as they are useless. Terrible as this latest mass shooting is, most American students will never be touched directly by one. Few of the hundreds of thousands of students who joined the March for Our Lives will ever confront an actual shooter.Instead of treating our schools as "hardened targets," we might consider keeping them open and unguarded. We could let our kids spend their time studying math, writing and geography rather thanpracticing how to hide in a closet. They might be safer this way, because the alternative presents a more insidious danger: Being slowly, subtly nudged into a state of continuous fear. We are becoming a nation not of free people, but of first responders, sacrificing open space and minds for ever-multiplying lines of defense. And we are teaching our children to be the same.We are conditioning them to run from danger instead of seeking its source. We are teaching them that violence is normal, that the implements of violence are a given instead of a choice. In our idolatry of the 2nd Amendment we proclaim that guns protect our freedom, but we are purchasing that freedom by chaining ourselves to an altar of fear. And so we all become victims.We are also participants. Every time you enter a secured building, every time **pany or your school organizes a shooter drill, you are being trained. Trained to walk through metal detectors instead of asking why metal detectors are needed; to supply students with transparent backpacks or ban trench coats instead of creating an environment in which a backpack isn't a threat and a trench coat is just an eccentric fashion choice; to praise heroic teachers for saving their students. But as a participant, you can also choose to ask your human resources department, your legislator, yourself: Why are these measures necessary? Why is there one thing we have never tried? We are the ones making the earthquake.Our children should not be slaughtered in their schools, but neither should they have to train not to get slaughtered. They should not have to learn to lock doors when their friends are screaming in the hallway, to obey the rituals so that the shooter might pass by, like the angel of death. There's an idea: Perhaps we should mark the doorposts with blood. Would that keep us safe? In Parkland and in Santa Fe, despite their preparations, they ended up doing that too. And soon, in a school that almost surely won't be your child's,they'll be marking the doors again.SSS_SINGLE_SEL6. Which of the following is the routinized response to mass school shootings? ______•** access to guns across the country.•** easy access of guns to teachers.•** marking of the doorposts of a school with blood.** of police forces and armored vehicles.AABBCCDDSSS_SINGLE_SEL7. The expression "biblical plague'(para. 4) can most probably be replaced by ______.•** epidemic•** pandemic•** disaster** catastropheAABBCCDDSSS_SINGLE_SEL8. Which of the following is NOT the author's opinion on mass school shootings? ______•** of our responses are both unnecessary and useless.•** should not treat our schools as "hardened targets".•** should be more bag searches at the school entrance.** is important to find the source of such shootings.AABBCCDDSSS_SINGLE_SEL9. What is the implied meaning of the sentence "We are the ones making the earthquake" (para. 7)? ______•** earthquakes in the world are caused by humans.•** are supposed to be responsible for the environmental problems.•** are in urgent need of earthquake drills.** policy choice we make leads to more school shootings.AABBCCDDSSS_SINGLE_SEL10. In this article, the author is trying to ______.•** the effectiveness of the precautions•** limiting access to guns to prevent future shootings•** the presence of police forces in schools** the similarities between school shootings and earthquakesAABBCCDD. No wonder they are called "patients". When people enter the health-care systems of rich countries today, they know what they will get: prodding doctors, endless tests, baffling jargon, rising costsand, above all, long waits. Some stoicism will always be needed, because health care is complex and diligence matters. But frustration is boiling over. This week three of the biggest names in American business—Amazon, Berkshire Hathaway and JPMorgan Chase—announced a new venture to provide better, cheaper health care for their employees. A fundamental problem with today's system is that patients lack knowledge and control. Access to data can bestow both.The internet already enables patients to seek online consultations when and where it suits them. Yet radical change demands a shift in emphasis, from providers to patients and from doctors to data. That shift is happening. Technologies such as the smartphone allow people to monitor their own health. You can enhance your own care and everyone else's, too.Medical data may not seem like the type of kindling to spark a revolution. But the flow of information is likely to bear fruit in several ways. One is better diagnosis. Someone worried about their heart can now buy a watch strap containing a medical-grade monitor that will detect arrhythmias. Apps are vying to see if they can diagnose everything from skin cancer and concussion to Parkinson's disease. Research is under way to see whether sweat can be analysed for molecular biomarkers without the need for an invasive blood test. Some think that changes in how quickly a person swipes a phone's touch-screen might signal the onset of cognitive problems.A second benefit lies in the management of complex diseases. Diabetes apps can change the way patients cope, by monitoring blood-glucose levels and food intake, potentially reducing long-run harm such as blindness and gangrene. Patients can also improve the efficiency of their care. Although health records are increasingly electronic, they are often still trapped in silos. Many contain data that machines cannot read. This can lead to delays in treatment, or worse. Many of the 250,000 deaths in America attributable to medical error each year can be traced to poorly coordinated care. With data at their fingertips, common standards to enable sharing and a strong incentive to get things right, patients are more likely to spot errors.A final benefit of putting patients in charge stems from the generation and aggregation of their data. Artificial intelligence (AI) is already being trained by a unit of Alphabet, Google's **pany, to identify cancerous tissues and retinal damage. As patients' data stream from smartphones and "wearables", they will teach AIS to do ever more. Future AIS could, for instance, provide automated medical diagnosis from a description of your symptoms, spot behaviouraltraits that suggest you are depressed or identify if you are at special risk of cardiac disease.As with all new technologies, pitfalls accompany the promise. Hucksters will launch apps that do not work. But with regulators demanding oversight of apps that present risks to patients, userswill harm only their wallets. Not everyone will want to take active control of their own health care; plenty will want the professionals to manage everything. Fine. Data can be pored over by those who are interested, while those who are not can opt to share data withtrusted providers. The benefits of new technologies often flow disproportionately to the rich. Those fears are mitigated by the incentives that employers, governments and insurers have to invest in cost-efficient preventive care for all.Other risks are harder to deal with. Greater transparency may encourage the hale and hearty not to take out health insurance. They may even make it harder for the unwell to find cover. Regulations can slow that process—by requiring insurers to ignore genetic data, for example—but not stop it. Security is another worry. Almost a quarter of all data breaches in America happen in health care. Health firms should face stringent penalties if they are slapdash about security, but it is naive to expect that breaches will never happen.Will the benefits of making data more widely available outweigh such risks? The signs are that they will. Plenty of countries are now opening up their medical records, but few have gone as far as Sweden. It aims to give all its citizens electronic access to their medical records by 2020; over a third of Swedes have already set up accounts. Studies show that patients with such access have a better understanding of their illnesses, and that their treatment is more successful. Trials in America and Canada have produced not just happier patients but lower costs, as clinicians fielded fewer inquiries. That should be no surprise. No one has a greater interest in your health than you do. Trust in Doctor You.SSS_SINGLE_SEL11. The word "stoicism" (para. 1) refers one's attitude or personality characterized by ______.•** repression of prejudice•** repression of emotion•** expression of satisfaction** expression of angerAABBCCDDSSS_SINGLE_SEL12. What is the possible solution to the fundamental problem with today's health care system? ______•** shift in emphasis.•** medical-grade monitor.•** medical diagnosis.** to medical data.AABBCCDDSSS_SINGLE_SEL13. Which of the following is NOT likely to be the fruit of the flow of medical information? ______•** management of complicated diseases.•** treatment of cognitive problems.•** possibility of putting patients in charge.** improvement of the efficiency of the care of patientsAABBCCDDSSS_SINGLE_SEL14. Which of the following may be considered a pitfall accompanying the promise of many medical benefits? ______•** will launch apps that do not function.•** baffling jargon of medical examination.•** disproportionate flow of profits to insurers.** records contain data that machines cannot read.AABBCCDDSSS_SINGLE_SEL15. What is the main idea of the passage? ______•** three **panies will provide better health care for their employees.** data more available will lead to the elimination of relevant risks.•** with access to digital data are better-off in the treatment of their illnesses.** is the boldest in opening up its medical records.AABBCCDD. Google has imagined a future where it uses enormous quantities of data it collects on individuals to manipulate their behaviour and achieve "desired results" for the whole species. In a leaked video from **pany's secretive X research division, the narrator cites Richard Dawkin's book The Selfish Gene and depicts Google's data as a "selfish ledger" which treats users as "transient carriers" or "survival mechanisms" for valuable data. He says that the ledger could move beyond a passive record to actively influence people's actions, in line with Google's "values". If Google didn't have enoughdata on a particular user its algorithms would identify a suitable "smart" product to sell him or her to gather that data.Google dismissed the video as a "thought experiment" unrelated to any present or future plans. However, analysts said that the dystopian future it painted was plausible. Similar ideas can be found in some of the firm's patent applications, including one for "detecting and correcting potential errors in user behaviour". The**es at a particularly embarrassing time for Google as technology **e under pressure from politicians over their harvesting of users' data. One Times digital editor recently discovered that Google held almost a terabyte of data on him, the equivalent of 1, 024GB or tens of millions of word files, including his search and browsing history, his movements, and his photos and emails.In the eight-minute clip from 2016 the narrator says: "User-centred design principles have dominated the world of computing for many decades but what if we looked at things a little differently? What if the ledger could be given a volition or purpose rather than simply acting as a historical reference?" He says that, to begin with, users would retain control over the goals set by the ledger, with "Google...responsible for offering suitable targets". He added: "Whilst the notion of a global good is problematic, topics would likely focus on health or environmental impact to reflect Google's values as an organisation."The footage explains how, initially, people could change their phone settings to ask Google for help to "eat more healthily", "protect the environment" or "support local businesses", for example. After choosing to protect the environment, Google would use popup notifications to nudge a user to take a shared Uber, rather than a single-occupancy one, or to buy locally grown rather than imported fruit. Nevertheless, as the notion of a "goal-driven ledger" becomes more "palatable", the narrator says that behaviour-altering plans could be put into action without the user's instigation. To gain more data "which it requires to better understand the user", the ledger might attempt to sell a particular connected device that would give Google the required insights.If no existing product fits, the narrator says that Google's algorithm may investigate a "bespoke solution", using historical data on the user's tastes and "aesthetic sensibility" to create a new device that's likely to appeal and would gather the sought-after data. The narrator says that by gathering **prehensive data over multiple generations, as sensors become ubiquitous in the world around us, Google would gain powers to make "increasingly accurate predictions about decisions and future behaviours"—and ultimately to influence them.。

历年高级口译考题翻译部分精解第一套英译中Since Darwin, biologists have been-firmly convinced that nature works without plan or meaning, pursuing no aim by the direct road of design. But today we see that this conviction is a fatal error. Why should evolution, exactly as Darwin knew it and described it, be planless and irrational? Do not aircraft design engineers work, at precisely that point where specific calculations and plans give out, according to the same principle of evolution, when they test the serviceability of a great number of statistically determined forms in the wind tunnel, in order to choose the one that functions best? Can we say that there is no process of natural selection when nuclear physicists, through thousands of computer operations, try to find out which materials, in which combinations and with what structural form, are best suited to the building of an atomic reactor? They also practise no designed adaptation, but work by the principle of selection. But it would never occur to anyone to call their method planless and irrational.中译英1995年10月，黄浦江上又一座大桥凌空飞架，将浦南与奉贤连接起来，成为继徐浦、南浦、杨浦三座大桥之后建成通车的第四座大桥——奉浦大桥。

上海高级口译考试英文Shanghai Advanced Interpreting Exam (English)The Shanghai Advanced Interpreting Exam in English assesses the language proficiency and interpreting skills of candidates who aspire to become professional interpreters. The exam is designed to test their ability to interpret accurately and fluently between English and Chinese.The exam consists of two parts: simultaneous interpreting and consecutive interpreting. In the simultaneous interpreting section, candidates listen to a recorded speech in English and simultaneously interpret it into Chinese. The speeches cover a range of topics, such as politics, economics, culture, and society. Candidates are assessed on their accuracy, fluency, coherence, and overall comprehension of the speech.In the consecutive interpreting section, candidates listen to a speech in Chinese and consecutively interpret it into English. The speeches in this section also cover various topics and candidates are evaluated on their ability to accurately convey the message, maintain the flow of the speech, and use appropriate vocabulary and expressions.In addition to the interpreting sections, the exam also includes a sight translation component. Candidates are given written texts in English and are required to translate them into Chinese. They are assessed on their accuracy, comprehension, and ability to convey the meaning of the text effectively.To pass the Shanghai Advanced Interpreting Exam in English, candidates must demonstrate a high level of language proficiency, excellent interpreting skills, and a thorough understanding of both the source and target languages. They should also be able to maintain a professional demeanor and effectively manage their time during the exam.Successful candidates who pass the exam will receive a certificate, indicating their achievement and ability to work as professional interpreters. This certification is highly regarded in the field and can open doors to various interpreting opportunities in Shanghai and beyond.。