过去分词做前置定语、后置定语和表语

过去分词做定语和表语过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。

它在句子中可以充当表语、定语，状语等多种成份。

一、过去分词作定语：过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。

1、前置定语：单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。

A类:被动意义:an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。

B类:完成意义:a retired teacher 一位退休的教师They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。

2、后置定语：过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。

如: This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written).这将是这类小说中写得最好的。

Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?二、过去分词作表语1、作表语的过去分词主要来自及物动词,在主-系-表句型中,说明主语所处的一种状态。

其中系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。

如:Y ou seem frightened.你看样子受了惊吓。

2、少数不及物动词(如go, come, set)的过去分词也能作表语,但它们不表示被动意义,只是表示动作完成。

如:They are gone for vacation.他们度假去了。

注意:要区别“系动词+过去分词(系表结构)” 和“系动词+过去分词(被动语态)”。

过去分词作定语过去分词是非谓语动词的一种。

从语法功能分析，过去分词兼有动词，形容词或副词的特性，可在句中充当定语，表语，宾语补足语或状语。

考点1. 过去分词作定语1.过去分词作定语的位置1）单个过去分词：一般情况下。

单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。

有时为了表示强调，也可放在所修饰词之后。

A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。

（谚语）Money spent is more than money earned。

花的钱比挣的钱多。

2）过去分词短语：过去分词短语往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后。

This will be the best novel of its kind of ever written. 这部小说将是这类小说中写得最好的。

This is the soldier wounded in the battle. 这就是战斗中受伤的战士。

真题链接After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _______.A. providingB. providedC. have providedD. provide2.过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义1）及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成，即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受着，且该动作已经完成。

The question discussed yesterday. 昨天讨论的那个问题。

The person killed last year. 去年被杀的那个人。

2）不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成，不表示被动。

Autumn comes, and there are many fallen leaves in the yard. 秋天来了，院子里有许多落叶。

When I got up and went into the yard, I saw the risen sun. 当我起床并走进院子时，我看到太阳已经升起来了。

Grammar——过去分词作定语和表语[思维导图]过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式。

从语法功能分析，过去分词兼有动词、形容词或副词的特性，可在句中充当定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语等。

一、过去分词作定语1.过去分词作定语时的位置(1)作前置定语：一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。

The broken clock should be repaired as soon as possible.这个坏了的钟表应该尽快修好。

Many used computers will be sold in this market.很多二手电脑将在这个市场出售。

【名师指津】有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也可放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，gi v en(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。

There’s little time left.Let’s hurry up.剩余的时间不多了，我们快点吧。

(2)作后置定语：过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。

I can’t understand the language spoken in that country.＝I can’t understand the language which/that is spoken in that country.我听不懂那个国家讲的语言。

【名师指津】过去分词短语可作非限制性定语，用来补充说明被修饰词的情况，常用逗号与被修饰的成分隔开，此时相当于非限制性定语从句。

A girl，dressed like a student，came in and sat beside me.＝A girl，who was dressed like a student，came in and sat beside me.一位学生打扮的女孩走进来，坐在我的旁边。

2.过去分词作定语时的意义(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。

现在分词与过去分词作定语比较由于现在分词和过去分词具有形容词或副词的特点，在句中可作表语、状语、宾语补足语和定语。

作定语时，既可作前置定语，又可作后置定语。

现将其用法归纳如下，供大家参考。

一、前置定语：单独一个分词作定语时，一般情况下被放在被修饰的名词前面，例如：1.现在分词：几乎所有的现在分词都可以作前置定语，现在分词表示它所修饰名词的动作，二者有逻辑上的主谓关系，并且表示所修饰词的特点、性质等。

（可以转换成定语从）。

例如：Barking dogs seldom bit.=Dogs which barks seldom bit.爱叫的狗很少咬人。

（注意）作前置定语的现在分词前面可有状语修饰，有两种情况：一是已经转化为形容词的现在分词，状语多用very, rather等加强词，如：This is a rather boring film.这是部令人厌烦的影片。

二是一般的现在分词不能用加强词作状语，但可用其他副词，例如：不能说：rather moving vehicles但可以说：fast moving vehicles 飞快行驶的车辆2.过去分词：所有的及物动词的过去分词都可以做前置定语,不及物动词过去分词做前置定语时，一般过去分词前有副词修饰，但也有小数几个可以单独作前置定语。

过去分词与已经完全变成了形容词的过去分词做前置定语的区别是：前者表示中心词承受动作的结果或状态；而后者表示中心词的特点。

例如：a newly arrived student新到的学生（arrived是不及物动词，但前有newly修饰）an escaped convict逃犯（escaped不及物）a retired worker退休工人（retired不及物）a locked door上锁的门（locked表示中心词door锁后的状态）an experienced doctor有经验的医生（experienced表示中心词doctor的特点）二、后置定语：1）当被修饰的词是由some/any/no ＋thing/body/one所构成的不定代词或指示代词those等时，虽然是一个单一的分词作形容词用，但也要放在其后。

News surprises listeners Movie excited children Grammar(一) 过去分词做定语和表语一、过去分词的含义过去分词有过去分词有“被动”“被动”或“完成”的意思，及物动词的过去分词既表被动也表示完成，但有时只表被动；不及物动词的过去分词只表完成。

如：但有时只表被动；不及物动词的过去分词只表完成。

如：a broken heart 一颗破碎的心（被动和完成）一颗破碎的心（被动和完成）a ploughed field 犁过的田地（被动和完成）犁过的田地（被动和完成）a risen sun 已升起的太阳（完成）fallen leaves （落叶）（完成）（完成）二、过去分词做定语1、单个的过去分词一般作前置定语，即通常放在所修饰的名词前，过去分词短语一般做后置定语，即通常放在所修饰的名词后。

如：一般做后置定语，即通常放在所修饰的名词后。

如：tenified people.; the affected person ; ordinary people exposed to cholera. the river polluted by the dirty water from London ★[注意]：★1.有些单个的过去分词，像left（剩余的（剩余的 given（所给予的）concerned（有关的）等，习惯上用作后置定语。

如：等，习惯上用作后置定语。

如：the money left （剩余的钱）（剩余的钱） the people concerned 有关人士有关人士the time given 给出的时间给出的时间[高考点击] For breadfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _______ on his own farm.（2009年北京）A. grown B.being grown C.to be grown D.to grow ★2.过去分词作定语和现在分词做定语的区别，现在分词和过去分词作定语来修饰名词，区别主要表现在语态和时间关系上。

过去分词用法总结过去分词是动词的另一种非限定形式，在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。

一、过去分词作定语1. 一般情况下，单个分词作前置定语，过去分词短语作后置定语。

如：a used car旧车，a playground built last year去年修建的一个操场。

2. 及物动词的过去分词表示“被动”和完成”。

Many people questioned refused to answer. 被问的许多人都拒绝回答。

Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title given to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. 五人获得了“中国绿色人物奖”，这是一个颁给对环保有贡献的普通人物的奖项。

3. 不及物动词的过去分词作前置定语，只表示“完成”，不表示被动。

如：the risen sun已升起的太阳，fallen leaves落叶。

4. astonish, disappoint, encourage, excite, frighten, interest, move, please, puzzle, satisfy, surprise, tire等表示心理状态的动词的过去分词作定语，表示被修饰的词所具有的特征，意为“感到……的”。

（其现在分词表示所修饰的词本身所处的状态，意为“令人……的”）。

Mr. Smith, tired of the tiring speech, started to read a novel. 史米斯先生厌倦了乏味的演讲,开始读小说。

This is a boring lecture. 这是一个令人厌烦的报告。

The excited children couldn't go to sleep all night long.这些兴奋的孩子整个晚上无法入睡。

过去分词作表语和作定语的用法区别过去分词作表语和作定语的用法区别一、注意分清过去分词应前置还是后置一般情况下，单个过去分词作定语通常应该放在被修饰名词之前。

比如This part of the exam requires a written answer. 这部份考题需要书面作答。

Women are limited to the more poorly paid jobs. 女性仅限于做一些薪水较低的工作。

但过去分词短语作定语的话，要放在被修饰名词之后。

比如There is a red car parked outside the house. 房子外边停着一辆红色汽车。

The system used in this school is very successful. 这学校使用的系统很成功。

注意，有时一个过去分词可以在它修饰的词后作定语。

这种情况多是由于特殊原因，比如过去分词修饰的名词或代词可能不适合被介词定语修饰，或者说话人是为了强调动作的时间性，平衡句子结构。

比如The experience gained will be of great value to us. 取得的经验对我们将很有价值。

We couldn’t agree on any of the problems discussed. 我们未能就所讨论的任何问题达成协议。

二、注意分清用过去分词还是现在分词有些成对使用的过去分词和现在分词（如interested与interesting），从用法上看，它们虽然是分词的形式，但具有形容词的特点，都可用作表语和定语，注意它们在用法上的区别：过去分词通常用于说明人自身的感受，通常译为“（人）感到……的”；而现在分词则通常用于说明事物给人的感受，通常译为“令人感到……的”。

如：Interested members will meet at two. 感兴趣的会员两点钟碰头。

The English language has an interesting history. 英语有一段有趣的历史。

过去分词的用法一、构成：规则动词的过去分词是有动词原形+ed构成的,不规则动词则有各自构成;二、基本特点：过去分词在句子中的基本用法有两点：1.与逻辑主语之间是被动关系 2.表示完成的动作三、过去分词的用法：1.作表语：过去分词作表语时,一般同时具备被动与完成的含义例如：1The cup is broken.2He is retired. 3After running,he is tired. 注意过去分词作表语时,已经变成形容词性质,主要表示主语的状态被动完成,而被动语态则表示动作.例如：1 The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.是被动语态,表示动作2The cup is now broken. 茶杯碎了.过去分词作表语,表示状态注意有些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,表示“感到……”用 -ing 形式来修饰物,表示“令人……”例如：The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣.2.做定语作定语用的过去分词其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成.1单一过去分词作定语,常置于其所修饰的名词之前,称作前置定语;例如：We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况.2过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句,称作后置定语;例如：The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功.3过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号.例如：The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero.4 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以修饰与人有关的表情,面貌,举止行为以及感觉等,这时不能用v-ing形式例如：The boy looked up with a pleased expression. His satisfied look showed that he had passed this exam.3.作状语作状语的过去分词在句子中多表示被动和完成两重含义;1）时间状语：A.当和谓语动词动作同时发生时,一般仅表示被动,可以用when从句代替;例如：Faced with difficulties,we shouldn’t withdraw for any excuse.B.当表示动作发生在谓语动词之前时,通常既表被动又表完成,可用after从句代替,也可用现在分词的被动完成形式代替;例如：Caught by the police,the thief lay on the ground,crying and shouting. 2原因状语：过去分词所表示的动作多有被动和完成两重含义;例如：Written in a hurry, this article was not so good 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好.Welcomed by all the students,we expressed own true thanks to them.被全体同学欢迎,我们表达真挚的感激注意有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:lost 迷路; seated 坐; hidden 躲; stationed 驻扎; lost / absorbed in 沉溺于; born 出身于; dressed in 穿着; tired of 厌烦. 等,这种结构可以改写成一个because引导的主系表结构句子;例如：Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音.Tired of the noise,he decided to move to the country.因厌倦了噪音,他决定搬到农村去;Dressed in an orange dress,she looked more beautiful than before.穿上橘红色连衣裙,她看起来比以前更美3条件状语：作条件状语时,一般只表被动含义;相当于if引导的条件状语从句; 例如：Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快.4伴随情况：表示伴随谓语动词发生的另外动作,位于主语之后,用逗号隔开,可以同时表示被动与完成,例如：The mother ran across the street,followed by her little son.5结果状语：表示发生在谓语动词后的动作,位于主句后用都逗号分开,也可以同时表示被动与完成;例如：He listened to the hero’s story,moved to tears.注意状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语.例如：When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.After seated in the sofa,he bagan to feel comfortable. If permitted,he was sure to come with us.4.作宾语补足语：常见的带过去分词作宾补的动词有两类：1感官动词.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等.例如：I heard the song sung in English. He found his hometown greatly changed.2使役动词.如:have, make, get, keep, leave等.例如： I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发. Don't leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完.注意：使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况.1 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成. 例如： He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了.被别人偷去了2 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历.如: He had his leg broken.他的腿断了. 自己的经历5."with +宾语+过去分词"结构"with +宾语+过去分词"结构中,过去分词用作介词 with的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间,方式,条件,原因等状语.例如:1 The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来,他的双手被绑在背后.表方式2 With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.表条件3 With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决,我们都回家了.表原因4 She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他.表伴随5 He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿. 表伴随分词使用技巧一、现在分词和过去分词的两大区别：1. 现在分词与过去分词的最大差别在语态上：现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动;2. 现在分词与过去分词的第二大差别在时态上：现在分词表进行,过去分词表完成;二、现在分词和过去分词的逻辑主语逻辑主语就是与分词具有主、被动关系的名词或代词;它既可能是句子主语,又可能是句中宾语,或者是句中的表语不要理解成句子主语；它既可能是动作行为的发出者,也有可能是动作行为的承受者;如果是动作的发出者,与分词构成主谓关系;如果是动作的承受者,与分词构成动宾关系;1作状语时Seeing the teacher come in, all the students stood up. the students 是seeing的逻辑主语,主谓主动关系Heated, the metal expands. the metal是 heated的逻辑主语,动宾被动关系结论：分词作状语,其逻辑主语是句子主语;2作宾补时I saw him reading last night. him 是reading的逻辑主语,主谓主动关系 His wife found his hair dyed black. hair是 dyed的逻辑主语,动宾被动关系结论：分词作宾补,其逻辑主语是句子宾语;3作表语时The film is moving. the film是 moving的逻辑主语,主谓主动关系The visitors looked surprised. the visitors是surprised的逻辑主语,动宾被动关系结论：分词作表语,其逻辑主语是句子主语;4作定语时This is an interesting book. book是 interesting的逻辑主语,主谓主动关系The moved children looked serious. children是 moved的逻辑主语,动宾被动关系结论：分词作定语,其逻辑主语是被修饰词即中心词;5用于复合结构中时即在独立主格中与with复合结构中With the task completed, we went out to take some fresh air. task 是completed的逻辑主语,动宾被动关系Weather permitted,we’ll go skiing this Sunday. Weather是permitted 的逻辑主语,动宾被动关系结论：分词用于复合结构,逻辑主语是复合结构中的逻辑主语三、确定分词的使用的具体步骤:1、确定分词的语法成分2、找准逻辑主语3、判断主、被动关系4、选定现在或过去分词一、分词选择填空练习1. All things ____, the planned trip will have to be called off.A consideredB be consideredC consideringD having considered2. The house was very quiet, ____as it was on the side of a mountain.A isolatedB isolatingC being isolatedD having been isolated crop has similar qualities to the previous one, ____both wind-resistant and adapted to the same type of soil.A beingB beenC to beD having beenoriginated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it ____ in Cuba.A being cultivatedB been cultivatedC having cultivatedD cultivating5. ____in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing.A To lookB Looking atC Looked atD To be looked at6. You will see this product ____ wherever you go. A to be advertised B advertised C advertise D advertising7. ____in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarship totaling 21,000 dollars.A To be judged the bestB having judged the bestC Judged the bestD Judging the best8. From the dates ____ on the plates, we decided that they were made in Song Dynasty.A markingB having been markedC markedD to be marked9. ____ to meet anybody, he went in from the back Not wishing B WishingC Not wishedD No wishing10. The editorial ____ now will appear in tomorrow's newspaper.A writingB to writeC being writtenD write11. ____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A When comparedB While comparingC CompareD Comparing12. The old man came upstairs with great strength, his right hand ____ a stick for support.A heldB holdingC being holdingD was holding13. ____ three times in a row, the boxer decide to give up fighting.A having defeatedB To have defeatedC having been defeatedD To have been defeated14. ____neglecting our education, my father sent me to school.A Accused ofB Accusing ofC To be accused ofD That he was accused of15. ___ mainly for the invention of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell devoted his life to helping the deaf.A He is rememberedB While being rememberedC To be rememberedD Though remembered16. ___ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give hima sense of infinite peace.A If walkingB While walkingC WalkingD When one is walking17. A cool rain was falling, ___ with snow. A mixed B mixing C to mix D having mixed18. ____ by the police, the kidnappers had no choice but to surrender.A SurroundedB SurroundingC having surroundedD To be surrounded19. All the exam papers ____, the teacher sent the class home.A having been handed inB having hands inC handing inD being handed in20. ____ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A FoundingB It was foundedC Being foundedD Founded21. There ____ no fresh drinking water and no good farm land, it was nota comfortable place in which to live.A beB wasC wereD being22. ___ in Beijing for quite a few years, Mr. Park had little difficulty understanding Chinese.A having livedB LivedC LivingD To live23. Any packet ____ properly will not be accepted by the post office.A not to be wrappedB not being wrappedC not wrappedD not having been wrapped24. The lab ____ next year will be more advanced than the old one.A builtB to be builtC being builtD to build25. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely ____ to the outside world.A being lostB losingC having lostD lost二、翻译句子练习：根据过去分词的用法翻译下列句子1.你认识那个穿着红衣服的妇女吗______________________________________________________________________ ____________________2.舒服地坐在椅子上,他在沉思.______________________________________________________________________ ___________________3.对于昨天发生的事故,我很震惊._________________________________________________________________________________________4.给予更多的关心的话,这些树会长得更好.______________________________________________________________________ ___________________5.他作了自我介绍,以便使自己被大家认识.______________________________________________________________________ ___________________6.昨天,我把衣服让人洗了.______________________________________________________________________ ___________________7.上周一,我看到你兄弟被一个陌生人打了.______________________________________________________________________ ___________________8.将书合上背诵这篇课文.______________________________________________________________________ ___________________9.我提高了声音以便使自己被听见.______________________________________________________________________ ___________________10.如果被问及,你不要说我在家里.______________________________________________________________________ ___________________11.你参加了昨天举行的会议吗______________________________________________________________________ ___________________12.从日本引进的这些种子已经坏了.______________________________________________________________________ ___________________13.我想把这封信寄出去.______________________________________________________________________ ___________________14.女工人将头发扎在后面来上班.______________________________________________________________________ ___________________15.我们没有足够的食物吃的日子一去部复返了.______________________________________________________________________ ___________________16.我们必须适应改变了的形式.______________________________________________________________________ ___________________17.用所给的动词写出两个句子.______________________________________________________________________ ___________________18.他们在看足球比赛,兴奋而又满意.______________________________________________________________________ ___________________19.他说爬山很累.但是我一点也不累.______________________________________________________________________ ___________________20.即使在森林里迷路了,他也不担心.______________________________________________________________________ ___________________。