文献2翻译

知云文献翻译使用教程知云文献翻译是一款能够帮助用户进行文献翻译的工具，以下是使用教程：1. 登录注册：首先，打开知云文献翻译的官方网站，点击注册按钮进行账号注册。

如果已经有账号，直接登录即可。

2. 选择文献：登录后，进入工具主页，点击"上传文献"按钮选择需要翻译的文献。

支持的文献格式包括PDF、Word、TXT 等常见格式。

3. 翻译设置：选择文献后，进入翻译设置页面。

在此页面，你可以选择源语言和目标语言，以及其他翻译参数。

根据需要进行相应的设置。

4. 开始翻译：设置完成后，点击"开始翻译"按钮即可启动翻译过程。

系统会自动将文献进行翻译，并将翻译结果以文件的形式保存在你的账号中。

5. 下载翻译结果：翻译完成后，你可以在"我的文献"页面找到已经翻译的文献。

点击文献名称，即可下载翻译结果。

6. 优化翻译结果：如果翻译结果不够满意，你可以进入编辑页面，对翻译结果进行进一步的优化和修改。

在编辑页面，你可以修改文本内容，更改翻译术语等。

7. 文献管理：在"我的文献"页面，你可以查看你上传的文献列表，并进行文献的管理操作，如删除、重命名等。

8. 统计和报告：知云文献翻译还提供统计和报告功能，可以统计你的翻译记录，提供翻译质量评估和分析。

总结：知云文献翻译提供了简单易用的在线文献翻译服务。

通过上传文献，设置翻译参数，启动翻译过程，下载翻译结果等步骤，用户可以方便快捷地完成文献的翻译工作。

同时，还提供了优化翻译结果、文献管理、统计和报告等功能，帮助用户更好地掌控和管理翻译工作。

人员流失问题及对策外文文献翻译2.5万字符人员流失问题及对策外文文献翻译：Title: Employee Turnover Issues and StrategiesAbstract:Employee turnover is a significant concern for organizations as it increases costs and disrupts the workflow. This paper aims to explore the causes of employee turnover and propose strategies to reduce turnover rates. The study identified several factors contributing to turnover, including job dissatisfaction, lack of career growth opportunities, and poor management. To address these issues, organizations can implement various strategies, such as improving employee job satisfaction through fair compensation and recognition programs, providing employees with development opportunities, and enhancing management practices. Additionally, fostering a positive work environment and promoting work-life balance can also help reduce turnover rates. The findings suggest that a proactive approach should be taken by organizations to retain valuable employees and minimize turnover. Introduction:Employee turnover refers to the rate at which employees leave an organization and are replaced by new hires. High turnover rates pose challenges for organizations, including increased costs associated with recruitment and training, reduced productivity due to constant turnover, and potential loss of valuable employees. This paper aims to examine the causes of employee turnover and propose strategies that organizations can adopt to reduce turnover rates and retain valuable talent.Causes of Employee Turnover:There are various factors that contribute to employee turnover. One major factor is job dissatisfaction. When employees are dissatisfied with their job, they may seek better opportunities elsewhere. This dissatisfaction can arise from several sources, such as low compensation, lack of recognition, limited growth prospects, and poor work-life balance.Another significant factor is the lack of career growth opportunities. Employees who feel that their career is stagnating may be more likely to look for advancement opportunities in other organizations. This is especially true for early-career professionals who seek growth and development.Poor management practices also contribute to employee turnover. When employees have ineffective or unsupportive managers, they may become disengaged and unhappy in their roles. In such cases, employees are more likely to leave the organization in search of better management practices and a healthier work environment.Additionally, lack of work-life balance and high levels of stress can result in employee turnover. When employees feel overwhelmed with work and have minimal time for personal and family-related activities, their job satisfaction and overall well-being may be affected, leading to higher turnover rates.Strategies to Reduce Turnover:Organizations can adopt several strategies to reduce employee turnover rates. Firstly, they can focus on improving employee jobsatisfaction. This can be achieved through fair and competitive compensation packages, recognition and rewards programs, and fostering a positive work environment. Regularly seeking employee feedback and addressing their concerns can also contribute to higher job satisfaction.Providing employees with growth and development opportunities is another effective strategy. Organizations can offer training programs, mentorship opportunities, and clear career paths to help employees progress in their careers. This not only fulfills employee aspirations but also enhances employee engagement and loyalty.Enhancing management practices is crucial in reducing turnover rates. Organizations should invest in training programs for managers to improve their leadership skills, communication abilities, and ability to support and motivate employees. Regular performance evaluations and constructive feedback can also contribute to better managerial practices.Finally, promoting work-life balance is essential in retaining valuable employees. This can be achieved by offering flexible work schedules, remote work options, and providing support for personal and family-related commitments. Organizations should create a culture that values work-life balance and encourages employees to maintain a healthy work-life integration. Conclusion:Employee turnover is a significant challenge for organizations globally. Understanding the causes of turnover and implementing effective strategies can help organizations retain valuable talentand reduce turnover rates. By focusing on improving job satisfaction, providing growth opportunities, enhancing management practices, and promoting work-life balance, organizations can create a supportive work environment that fosters employee engagement and loyalty.。

On some of the design aspects of wind energy conversion systemsAbstractIn the overall process of utilizing wind power, two essential components of technical data, i.e. one related to the engineering or performance characteristics of commercially available wind turbine generators, and the other related to the availability of wind resources ,are need .The performance of wind energy conversion systems(WECs) depends upon subsystems like wind turbine (aaerodynamic),gears(mechanical), and generator (electrical), The availability of wind resources is governed by the climatic conditions of the region ,for which the wind survey is extremely important to exploit wind energy .In this paper, design aspects, such as factor affecting wind power, siting requirements for WECs, problems related with grid connections, classification of wind electric generation schemes, criteria for selection of equipment for WECs, choice of generators, three basic design philosophies , main considerations in wind turbine design ,choice between two and three blade rotors, weight and size considerations and environmental aspects related with WECs have been presented.1. IntroductionWind powered systems have widely used since the tenth century for water pumping, grinding and other low power application. There were several early attempts to build large scale wind powered systems to generate electricity. In 1931,the Russians built a large windmill with a 100 ft(30.5 m) diameter blade, but it had a very low conversion efficiency and was abandoned. In 1945,a Vermount utility built a large wind powered generator to produce electricity. This system costed $1.25 million and had an electrical power output of 1.25 MW. This unit lasted for 23 days before one of the blades failed due to fatigue, and the project was abandoned.The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), in conjunction with the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA), has built andtested a large number of large wind powered generators .The first machine was a100KW unit built at Sandusky, Ohio, for around a million dollars. A number of other machines with power up to 2.5 MW and rotor diameter up to 350 ft(107m) have been constructed. During the 1980s, it became popular to invest money in wind systems because of the tax benefits. Consequently, a number of wind farms were built, particularly in the mountain passes of California. In 1985 ,about half of the world’s wind generated electricity was produced in the Altamount Passe area of California. This area has 6700 turbines with a total rated capacity of 630 MW. Among the renewable sources off energy available today for generation of electrical power, wind energy stands foremost because of the relatively low capital cost involved and the short gestation period required. The world has obtained the installed wind capacity of 13400MW by the end of 1992.The design and successful operation of large scale wind powered generators face a number of formidable problems. If the system is designed to produce a.c power, a constant angular velocity and force problems. Unfortunately, the wind velocity is neither constant in magnitude or direction nor is it constant from the top to bottom of a large rotor. This imposes severe cyclic loads on the turbine blades, creating fatigue problems. This problem is compounded if a downwind rotor system is used because the shadow of the support tower unloads the blade. This effect also produces a noticeable noise, which can be objectionable.The available wind resource is governed by the climatology of the region concerned and has a large variability from one location to the other and also from season to season at any fixed location. A lot of development has taken place in the design of wind energy conversion systems. Modern wind turbines are highly sophisticated machines built, on the aerodynamic principles developed from the aerospace industry, incorporating advanced materials and electronics and are designed to deliver energy across a wide range of speeds. In this paper, WECs related aspects, such as factors affecting wind power, siting requirements for WECs, criteria for selection of equipment for WECs, choice of generators, three basic design philosophies, main considerations in wind turbine design, choice between two and three blade rotors, weight and size considerations and environmental aspects related with WECs have been presented.2. Factors affecting wind powerOne of the most important tools in working with the wind, whether designing a wind turbine or using one, is the firm understanding of the factors affecting the wind power. Following are the important factors that must be considered:2.1. Wind statisticsWind is a highly variable power source, and there are several methods of characterizing this variability. The most common method is the power duration curve. This is a good concept but is not easily used to select Vc and Vr for a given wind site, which is an important design requirement. Another method is to use a statistical representation, particularly a Weibull function.2.2. Load factorThere are at least two major objectives in wind turbine design. One is to maximize the average power output. The other is to meet the necessary load (which is the ratio of average electrical power to the rated electrical power) requirement of the load. Load factor is not of major concern if the wind electric generator (WEG) is acting as a fuel saver on the electric network. But if the generator is pumping irrigation water in asynchronous mode, for example, the load factor is very important.2.3. Seasonal and diurnal variation of wind powerSeasonal and diurnal variations have significant effects in wind. Load duration data are required to judge the appropriate effects. Diurnal variation is less with increased height. Average power may vary from about 80% of the long term annual average power in the early morning hour to about 120% of the long term average power in the early afternoon hours.2.4. Variation with timeFor most applications of wind power, it is more important to know about the continuity of supply than the total amount of energy available in a year. In practice, when the wind blows strongly, e.g. more than 12 m/s, there is no shortage if power, and often, the generated power has to be dumped. Difficulties appear, however, ifthere are extended periods of light or zero winds. A rule of thumb for electricity generation is that sites with average wind speed less than 5 m/s will have unacceptably long periods without generation, and the sites of average 8 m/s or above will be considered very good. In all the cases it will be necessary to match carefully the machine characteristic to the local wind regime to give the type of supply required.3. Siting requirements for WECsIn addition to adequate availability of wind resources (a minimum of 18 km/h or 5 km/h wind speed ) the following factors have to be considered while locating a WEG :a. availability of land,b. availability of power grid (for a grid connected system),c. accessibility of site,d. terrain and soil,f. frequency of lightning strokes.Once the wind resource at a particular site has been established, the next factor to be considered is the availability of land. The area of land required depends upon the size of wind farm. The optimum spacing in a row is 8-12 times the rotor diameter in the wind directions and 1.5-3 times the rotor diameter in cross wind directions. As a rule of thumb, 10 ha/MW can be taken as the land requirement of wind farms, including infrastructure. In order to optimize the power output from a given site, additional information is needed, such as wind rose, wind speeds, vegetation, topography, ground roughness etc., besides the configuration of a set of wind turbines, which can be altered for reaching best array efficiencies and highest generation. Factors such as convenient access to the wind farm site, load bearing capacity of the soil, frequency of cyclones, earthquakes etc., also require consideration before siting the wind farm.4. Choice of generatorsThere are mainly the following three classes of generators:4.1. DC generatorsDC generators are relatively unusual wind/micro-hydro turbine applications because they are expensive and require regular maintenance. Nowadays, for most d.c. applications, for example, it is more common to employ an a.c. generator to generate a.c., which is then converted to d.c. with simple solid state rectifiers.4.2. Synchronous generatorThe major advantage of synchronous generator is that its reactive power characteristic can be controlled, and therefore such machines can be used to supply reactive power to other items of power systems that require reactive power. It is normal for a stand alone wind-Diesel system to have a synchronous generator, usually connected to the Diesel engine. Synchronous generators, when fitted to a wind turbine, must be controlled carefully to prevent the rotor speed accelerating through synchronous speed especially during turbulent winds. Moreover, it requires a flexible coupling in the drive train, or to mount the gearbox assembly on springs or dampers to absorb turbulence. Synchronous generators are costlier than induction generators, particularly in smaller size ranges. Synchronous generators are more prone to failures.4.3. Induction generatorsAn induction generator offers many advantages over a conventional synchronous generator as a source of isolated power supply. Reduced unit cost, ruggedness, brushless (in squirrel cage construction), reduced size, absence of separate DC source and ease of maintenance, self-protection against severe overloads and short circuits are the main advantages. Further, induction generators are loosely coupled devices, i.e. they are heavily damped and, therefore, have the ability to absorb slight changes in rotor speed, and drive train transients to some extent, can, therefore, be absorbed, whereas synchronous generators are closely coupled devices and when used in windturbines, are subjected to turbulence and require additional damping devices, such as flexible couplings in the drive train or mounting the gearbox assembly on springs and dampers. Reactive power consumption and poor voltage regulation under varying speed are the major drawbacks of the induction generators, but the development of static power converters has facilitated control of the output of voltage of the induction generator, within limits.5. Environmental aspects5.1. Audible noiseThe wind turbine is generally quiet. It poses no objectionable noise disturbance in the surrounding area. The wind turbine manufacturers generally supply the noise level data in dB versus the distance from the tower. A typical 600 kW wind turbine may produce 55 dB noise at 50 m distance from the turbine and 40 dB at a 250 m distance. This noise is, however, a steady state noise. The wind turbine makes loud noise while yawing under changing wind direction. Local noise ordinances must be satisfied before installing wind turbines.5.2. Electromagnetic interferenceAny stationary or moving structure in the proximity of a radio or TV station interferes with the signals. The wind turbine towers can cause objectionable electromagnetic interference (EMI) on the performance of the nearby transmitters or receivers.In other aspects, the visual impact of the wind farm can be of concern to some one. The breeding and feeding patterns of birds may be disturbed. They may even be injured and even killed if they collide with the blades.6. ConclusionsThe design of wind energy conversion systems is a very complex task and requires interdisciplinary skills, e.g. civil, mechanical, electrical and electronics, geography, aerospace, environmental etc. An attempt has been made to discuss theimportant design aspects of WECs. In this paper, design aspects, such as factors affecting wind power, siting requirements for WECs, problems related with grid connections, classification of wind electric generation schemes, criteria for selection of equipment for WECs, choice of generators, three basic design philosophies, main considerations and environmentally related aspects with WECs, have been critically discussed.风能转换系统方面的设计摘要要在整个过程中利用风能,需要有两个主要的技术指标，也就是说一个在市场可以买到的符合产品设计或运行特性的风力发电机，另一个是满足要求的风力资源。

外文文献及翻译1. 文献："The Effects of Exercise on Mental Health"翻译：运动对心理健康的影响Abstract: This article explores the effects of exercise on mental health. The author discusses various studies that have been conducted on this topic, and presents evidence to support the claim that exercise can have positive impacts on mental well-being. The article also examines the mechanisms through which exercise affects mental health, such as the release of endorphins and the reduction of stress hormones. Overall, the author concludes that exercise is an effective strategy for improving mental health and recommends incorporating physical activity into daily routines.摘要：本文探讨了运动对心理健康的影响。

作者讨论了在这个主题上进行的各种研究，并提出证据支持运动对心理健康有积极影响的观点。

该文章还探讨了运动如何影响心理健康的机制，如内啡肽的释放和压力激素的减少。

总的来说，作者得出结论，运动是改善心理健康的有效策略，并建议将体育活动纳入日常生活。

2. 文献： "The Benefits of Bilingualism"翻译：双语能力的好处Abstract: This paper examines the benefits of bilingualism. The author presents research findings that demonstrate the cognitiveadvantages of being bilingual, such as enhanced problem-solving skills and improved attention control. The article also explores the social and cultural benefits of bilingualism, such as increased cultural awareness and the ability to communicate with people from different backgrounds. Additionally, the author discusses the positive effects of bilingualism on mental health, highlighting its role in delaying the onset of cognitive decline and in providing a buffer against age-related memory loss. Overall, the author concludes that bilingualism offers a range of advantages and recommends promoting bilingual education and language learning. 摘要：本文研究了双语能力的好处。

知云文献翻译知云文献翻译软件PC版下载版本V5.4：不配一款神器，科研哪来效率！有了这款神器，科研都变得更简单！用它直接打开英文pdf文献，随便选中一段话，右侧立即给出翻译，不再需要拷贝到网页上翻译，不弹出讨厌的悬浮框，这种使用逻辑用起来舒心，兼顾理解与英文学习。

软件有多个翻译引擎供选择。

其中引擎3专门优化专业词汇，接近真人翻译，非常适合用来阅读科研文献，科研人员必备神器啊。

过段时间就要开始大量阅读文献构思2020年的国家/自然JIJIN了，还不赶快下载收藏起来！推荐等级：★★★★★这款软件的特点：1、使用流程舒心：直接打开pdf文献，选中句子右侧直接给出翻译，而不是悬浮显示，用起来很舒服，屏幕越大用的越舒服2、多个翻译引擎：百度、谷歌、生物医学专用翻译、有道。

满足各自爱好。

3、翻译质量接近人工翻译：翻译引擎3翻译质量非常非常棒，没有理由不用，虽然名字叫生物医学翻译，但我感觉理工科文献翻译的也非常专业。

4、可以和EndNote结合使用：在EndNote中可以直接调用它打开文献阅读，用EndNote管理文献，用它阅读文献，绝配。

5、各个平台均有可用版本：WINDOWS版功能强大，mac、iPhone、安卓、ipad 等有在线版可用。

6、免费：官方给出的承若是永久免费，直到倒闭。

作为免费用户，我还是不希望他们倒闭啊。

现在我来详细说说这款软件吧。

首先看一张图吧，下图就是软件界面，软件叫知云文献翻译。

最开始我以为是知网出品的。

后来我发现不是。

但是咱们作为用户，管它谁出品的，只要好用我们就买账，而且还是免费的，没有理由拒绝的。

界面上没有任何广告。

软件本身就是一款pdf阅读器，可以同时打开多篇pdf。

选中一句话或者一段话，也可以是一个单词。

右侧立即给出翻译，不需要点击任何按键，而且翻译速度很快。

翻译结果我觉得非常非常不错，尤其是第三种谷歌生物医学专用翻译，据说是结合谷歌翻译提供的定制功能，通过大量生物医学中英文预料训练加强了对于文献的翻译结果。

Unit OneText A： Hippocratic Oath, The Medical Ideal1.Perhaps the most enduring --- certainly the most quoted --- tradition in thehistory of medicine is the Hippocratic Oath. Named after the famous Greek physicianHippocrates, this oath was written as a guideline for the medical ethics of doctors.Although the exact words have changed over time, the general content is the same- an oath to respect those who have imparted their knowledge upon the science ofmedicine, and respect to the patients as well as the promise to treat them to thebest of the physicians' ability.或许在医学史上最持久的,被引用最多次的誓言就是”希波克拉底誓言”.这个以古希腊著名医师希波克拉底命名的誓言,被作为医师道德伦理的指导纲领.虽然随着时代的变迁,准确的文字已不可考,但誓言的主旨却始终如一——尊敬那些将毕生知识奉献于医学科学的人，尊重病人，尊重医师尽己所能治愈病人的承诺。

Who was Hippocrates, and Did he Write the Oath?2.For a man considered by many to be the 'Father of Medicine', little is known aboutHippocrates of Cos. He lived circa 460-380 BC, and was the contemporary of Socratesas well as a practising physician. He was certainly held to be the most famousphysician and teacher of medicine in his time. Over 60 treatises of medicine, calledthe Hippocratic Corpus have been attributed to him; however, these treatises hadconflicting contents and were written some time between 510 and 300 BC, and thereforecould not all have been written by him.作为被大家公认的”医学之父”,我们对希波克拉底知之甚少.他生活于约公元前460-380年,作为一名职业医师,与苏格拉底是同代人.在他的时代,他被推举为当时最著名的医师和医学教育者.收录了超过60篇论文的专著——希波克拉底文集,被归于他的名下;但是其中有些论文的内容主旨相冲突,并成文于公元前510-300年,所以不可能都是出自他之手.3.The Oath was named after Hippocrates, certainly, although its penmanship is stillin question. According to authorities in medical history, the contents of the oath suggest that it was penned during the 4th Century BC, whichmakes it possible that Hippocrates had himself written it. Anyway, regardless ofwhether or not Hippocrates himself had written the Hippocratic Oath, the contentsof the oath reflect his views on medical ethics.这个宣言是以希波克拉底命名的，虽然它的作者依然存在疑问。

Yunnan Ethnic pattern in Packaging DesignAbstract: Art is a folk Mother of the arts，is the source of the new art, From which to draw a strong tradition of high—grade Nutrition。

The persons belonging to national folk arts Ethnic patterns，are folk arts Intraoperative a gem, its development Research，and with the means of modern art，art wind Grid，professional skills combine to form a unique Style and features a modern design There are important applications，this paper focuses on Minority Folk pattern in modern packaging design Meter applications are discussed.Keywords: Yunnan Ethnic. Pattern。

Packaging Design.IntroductionYunnan is a multi-ethnic province, Here multiply survive the Han, Yi, Bai More than twenty families， Zhuang, Miao， Dai, etc。

Nation. Long history of various ethnic groups in Yunnan Province， the source is far Long, creating a rich and colorful Folk art。

SPE 132371Surface Microseismic Monitoring of Slick-water and Nitrogen FractureStimulations, Arkoma Basin, Oklahoma(表面的微地震监测光滑水面和氮破裂刺激，澳柯玛盆地，奥克拉荷马)Morris Hall, Williams Company, and Jo Ellen Kilpatrick, Microseismic, Inc.（霍尔，威廉姆斯公司，乔·基尔帕特里克，微震，Inc .）Copyright 2010, Society of Petroleum Engineers（版权2010，石油工程师协会）This paper was prepared for presentation at the SPE Unconventional Gas Conference held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, 23–25 February 2010.（本文是介绍了2010年三月23-25日在匹兹堡，宾夕法尼亚，美国举行的非常规天然气会议。

）This paper was selected for presentation by an SPE program committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted（提交）by the author(s). （本文介绍了选择一个石油工程师协会项目委员会审查后的信息包含在一个作者提交的抽象概念中）Contents of the paper have not been reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and are subject to correction by the author(s).（本文的内容还没被石油工程师学会审查和作者的更正）The material does not necessarily reflect any position of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, its officers, or members.（材料不一定反映石油工程师协会官员或成员的社会地位。

竖炉设计
美国4118017A
摘要
这种方法和装置时用来介绍在一个竖炉中对氧化矿石进行冷却处理过程的控制，以达到产品改进的目的。

整个装置在炉室的冷却部分，上述炉室被分为单独的区域，通过调节进入炉室的低温还原性气体以更有效地穿过炉室。

声明：
在竖炉中直接还原氧化矿石，包括限定在炉室里的一个直立的耐火材料衬里的金属壳，矿石与还原性气体的直接接触被还原，金属壳设置成进出口，矿石由于重力作用从上到下穿过炉室，最后矿石向下汇聚到与矿石排出口相邻的节点，高温还原性气体入口装置与所述炉室的中间区域相连，在逆向流动的矿石中高温气体可以有效的穿过，将引入冷却的还原性气体的装置与矿石逆流的矿石排出口相连，改进之处包括：调节冷却的还原性气体间隔横向多数同轴心的金属壳（包括一个过渡部分）。

(a)许多空心的截头锥体暴露在末端可以相互收缩的金属壳中；
(b)轴向间隔开的，环状片连接截头锥体，以形成多个直径逐渐缩小的延伸到围绕过渡段的外周轴向间隔的环形歧管；
(c)在燃烧室和歧管之间的板沿圆周间隔开的开口处建立气体通信；
(d)在歧管中的周向隔开的隔板是为了分割成相同的单独的隔室；
(e)这种装置是用于单独的调节冷却的还原性气体供给每一个燃烧室。