1) 损伤 Trauma — mechanical thermal
chemical electrical…… 2) 感染 Infection 3) 肿瘤 Neoplasia Benign, 2020/10/4 alignant
5) 内分泌功能失调 Metabolic &
Hormonal disorder
• Edward Jenner(18世纪末)发现smallpox vaccine
2020/10/4
一、现代外科学的发展
Development of Modern Surgery
1. 解剖学 Anatomy
John Hunter (1728-1793), the father of experimental surgery and a superb anatomist and teacher.
1963 断肢再植 Replantation of cut limb
1977 肝移植
The 1st case of Liver transplantation
1978 心脏移植 The 1st case of Heart transplantation
1990s- 二医外科全面发展
– 灼伤外科、消化外科、胆胰外科
2020/10/4
2. 麻醉 Anesthesia
Willam t.G. Morton (1819-1868), a Boston dentist whose successful demonstration of ether anesthesia on October 16, 1846, at the Massachusetts Gneeral Hospital was a landmark in the history of surgery