高考英语语法—Therebe句型

There be句型一、构成：There be是英语中常用句型，意思是“有”，表示“人或事物的存在”。

其结构为There be(is，are，was, were )+名词+地点状语。

There在此结构中是引导词，已经没有副词“那里”的含义。

There be 后面的名词是句子的主语，属倒装结构。

例如：There are fifty-two students in our class.There is a pencil in my pencil-case.There was an old house by the river five years ago.二、各种句式：1.否定句：There be句型否定句式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上“not”。

也可用“no”来表示。

即：no + n.（名词）= not a\an\any + n.（名词）。

注意：no + n.（可数名词单数）= not a\an + n.（可数名词单数）；no + n.（可数名词复数）= not any + n.（可数名词复数）；no + n.（不可数名词）= not any + n.（不可数名词）。

例如：There is an orange in her bag. →There isn’t an orange in her bag.→There is no orange in her bag.There are some oranges in her bag. →There aren’t any oranges in her bag.→There are no oranges in her bag.There is some juice in the bottle. →There isn’t any juice in the bottle.→There is no juice in the bottle.2. 一般疑问句：There be结构的一般疑问句变化只需把be动词移到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。

例如：There is some money in her handbag. → Is there any money in her handbag? (疑问句和否定句中，some改为any, something改为anything.)There is something new in today’s newspaper. →There isn’t anything new in today’s newspaper.→Is there anything new in today’s newspaper?3. 特殊疑问句：There be句型的特殊疑问句有以下三种形式：①对主语提问：当主语是人时，用“Who’s + 介词短语?”；当主语是物时，用“What’s + 介词短语?”。

其中there在口语中常常省略。

注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对其提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。

如：There is a bird in the tree. →What’s in the tree?There are some bikes over there. →What’s ove r there?There is a little girl in the room. →Who is in the room?②对地点状语提问：用“Where is \ are + 主语?”表示（注意其答语变化）：例如：There is a computer in my office.→ Where is the computer? ----It’s in my office.There are four children in the classroom.→Where are the four children?—They’ re in the classroom.③对数量提问：一般有两种提问方式：如果主语是可数名词，无论是单数还是复数，都用“How many +可数名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？”表示： There are twelve months in a year.→How many months are there in a year? There is only one book in my bag.→ How many books are there in your bag?There is a cat in the box. → How many cats are there in the box?如果主语是不可数名词，则用“ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？”表示：There is some money in my purse. How much money is there in your purse?4. 反意疑问句：There be或There加其它动词，其反意疑问句一律用…there? 例如：There is a beautiful girl in the garden, isn’t there?There used to be no school here, used there \did there?三、注意:1. 主谓一致和就近原则：如果句子的主语是单数的可数名词，或是不可数名词，be动词用“is” “was”。

如果句子的主语是复数名词，be动词就用“are” “were”。

如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致，也就是我们常说的“就近原则”。

2. There be 时态。

3. There be句型和have\has的区别：There be句型表示“存在有”, have\has表示“拥有” “所有”,两者不能同时使用.例如：There are three books on the desk. 桌子上有三本书.I have three books. 我有三本书.四．用法：1.含有情态动词的there be结构多数情态动词，如：can, may, must, should, ought to, used to等都可以用于there be结构，并且在此结构中分别保留其原有的情态意义。

例如：(1).There should have been someone on duty all the time.本来，每时每刻都应有人值班的。

(2). There used to be a small pine wood near where I live.在我的住所附近曾经有一片小松林。

(3).There must be something wrong with the machine.这机器一定是有故障了。

2.含有半助动词的there be结构半助动词本身有一定的含义，并且用法较为固定，常用在引导词there之后，be之前。

这些半助动词有：appear to, happen to, chance to, seem to, tend to, prove to, turn out to, be about to, be sure to, be certain to, be likely to等。

例如：(4). There dosen't seem to have been any difficulty over the money question.(5).There's sure to be a well somewhere nearby.附近肯定有一口井。

(6). There's likely to be a large audience in the theatre.剧院里可能有大量的观众。

3. There be结构中的be用其他动词来代替为了表达生动，在正式文体或文学作品中，可用表示状态、发生、位置转移等意义的其他动词来代替动词be。

常这样用的动词有：live, lie, stand, remain, exist, occur, arise, rise, follow, come, enter, reach等。

(7). There exist many ancient temples of this kind on the shores of the Mediterranean.在地中海沿岸地带，有许多这样的古庙。

(8). Not long after this, there rose a sudden revolution.此后不久，突然爆发了一场革命。

(9). Suddenly there entered a strange figure dressed all in black.突然进来一个浑身穿黑的陌生人。

注意：have一词虽与 there be结构在意义上有类似之处，但 have不能用来代替本结构中的 be，因此这个说法是不可取的：*There's going to have a meeting next week.4.带有从句的there be结构There be结构的主语后通常可以有一个定语从句来限制，还可以跟一个同位语从句。

这个结构也可以带有一个状语从句，状语从句的位置可前可后。

(10). There is nothing that does not contain contradiction.没有不包含矛盾的事物。

（定语从句）(11). There came the news that the President had been assassinated.（同位语从句）(12). There ought to be some instructions on the lid, if I'm not mistaken.（后置状语从句）(13).If the criminal had come this way, there would have been footprints.（前置状语从句）5.用在从句中的there be结构There be结构用在从句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和同位语等。

例如：(14). It is reported that there are a number of wounded on both sides.（主语从句）(15). They said there were quite a number of very valuable jewels stolen.（宾语从句）(16). Such wind as there was came up the river.（定语从句）(17). Where there is a will, there is a way.（状语从句）(18). The problem is that there's too much difficulty in fulfilling the task.（表语从句）(19). The fact that there occurred another accident surprised us all.（同位语从句）6. There be的被动语态形式There be结构可以用被动语态形式来表达，这时表示“存在”的实意动词be变成了助动词，过去分词与其后的主语有被动的主谓关系。