SAS上机练习题(全部-含参考答案).docx

1．随机取组随机取组 有无重复试验的两种有无重复试验的两种 本题是无重复本题是无重复 DATA PGM15G; DO A=1 TO 4; /*A 为窝别*/ DO B=1 TO 3; ; /*B /*B 为雌激素剂量*/ INPUT X @@; X @@; /*X /*X 为子宫重量*/OUTPUT ;END ;END ;CARDS ;106 116 145 42 68 115 70 111 133 42 63 87 ; RUN ;ods html ; /*将结果输出成网页格式，SAS9.0以后版本可用*/ PROC GLM DATA =PGM15G; CLASS A B;MODEL X=A B / X=A B / SS3SS3;MEANS A B; /*给出因素A 、B 各水平下的均值和标准差*/MEANS B / B / SNK SNK ; /*对因素B （即剂量）各水平下的均值进行两两比较*/ RUN ;ODS HTML CLOSE ;2． 2*3析因设计析因设计 两因素两因素 完全随机完全随机 统计方法统计方法 2*3析因设计析因设计 tiff =f 的开方的开方DATA aaa; DO zs=125,200;DO repeat=1 TO 2; ; /*/*每种试验条件下有2次独立重复试验*/ do js=0.015,0.030,0.045; INPUT cl @@; OUTPUT ;END ;END ;END ; CARDS ;2.70 2.45 2.60 2.78 2.49 2.72 2.83 2.85 2.86 2.86 2.80 2.87 ; run ;PROC GLM ;CLASS zs js; MODEL cl=zs js zs*js / cl=zs js zs*js / SS3SS3; MEANS zs*js;LSMEANS zs*js / TDIFF PDIFF ; ; /*/*对 zs 和js 各水平组合而成的试验条件进行均数进行两两比较*/ RUN ;ODS HTML CLOSE ;练习一：2*2横断面研究列链表横断面研究列链表 方法：卡方方法：卡方 矫正卡方矫正卡方 FISHERDATA PGM19A;DO A=1 TO 2; DO B=1 TO 2;INPUT F @@;OUTPUT ;END ;END ;CARDS ; 2 26 8 21 ;run ;PROC FREQ ; WEIGHT F;TABLES A*B / A*B / CHISQ CHISQ ;RUN ;样本大小 = 57练习二：对裂列连表练习二：对裂列连表 结果变量结果变量 换和不换换和不换 三部曲三部曲 1横断面研究横断面研究 P 《0.05 RDATA PGM19B; DO A=1 TO 2; DO B=1 TO 2;INPUT F @@;OUTPUT ;END ;END ;CARDS ; 40 3414 1 19252 ; run ; ods html ;PROC FREQ ; WEIGHT F;TABLES A*B / A*B / CHISQCHISQ cmh ; RUN ;ods html close ;样本大小 = 57练习三：病例对照2*2 病例组中病例组中 有何没有那个基因有何没有那个基因 是正常的3.8倍，倍， 则有可能导致痴呆则有可能导致痴呆 要做前瞻性研究要做前瞻性研究 用对裂用对裂DATA PGM20;DO A=1 TO 2; DO B=1 TO 2;INPUT F @@;OUTPUT ;END ;END ;CARDS ; 240 60 360 340 ;run ; ods html ; PROC FREQ ; WEIGHT F;TABLES A*B / A*B / CHISQ CHISQcmh ; RUN ; ods html close ;总样本大小 = 1000 练习四：配对设计配对设计 隐含金标准2*2 MC 卡方卡方 检验检验 34和0在总体上在总体上（（B+C 《40 用矫正卡方） 是否相等是否相等 则可得甲培养基优于乙培养基则可得甲培养基优于乙培养基 一般都用矫正一般都用矫正 因卡方为近似计算因卡方为近似计算DATA PGM19F; INPUT b c;chi=(ABS(b-c)-1)**2/(b+c);p=1-PROBCHI(chi,1);求概率 1减掉从左侧积分到卡方的值减掉从左侧积分到卡方的值 chi=ROUND(chi, 0.001);IF p>0.0001 THEN p=ROUND(p,0.0001);FILEPRINT ; PUT （打印在输出床口） #2 @10'Chisq' @30 'P value'（#表示行） #4 @10 chi @30 p; CARDS ; 34 0 ;run;ods html close;练习五：双向有序R*C列连表列连表用KPA data aaa;do a=1 to 3;do b=1 to 3;input f @@;output;end;end;cards ;58 2 31 42 78 9 17;run;ods html;*简单kappa检验;proc freq data=aaa;weight f;（频数）（频数）tables a*b;test kappa;run ;*加权kappa检验;proc freq;weight f;tables a*b;test wtkap;run ;ods html close;SAS 系统FREQ 过程频数 百分比 行百分比列百分比a *b 表a b 合计1 2 31 5839.4621.3632.046342.8692.06 86.57 3.173.774.7611.112 10.682.001.49 4228.5784.0079.2574.7614.0025.935034.013 85.4423.5311.94 96.1226.4716.981711.5650.0062.963423.13合计 6745.58 5336.052718.37147100.00a *b 表的统计量对称性检验统计量 (S) 2.8561自由度 3Pr > S 0.4144对称性检验指 总体上主对角线的上三角数相加是否与下三角三个数相加 对称性检验与KPA 检验是否一致 是否一个可以代替另一个检验 Pe理论观察一致率 独立假设性基础上计算的 相互独立简单 Kappa 系数Kappa 0.6809渐近标准误差 0.050095% 置信下限 0.583095% 置信上限 0.7788H0 检验: Kappa = 0总体的H0 下的渐近标准误差 0.0597Z 11.4112H0 检验: Kappa = 0单侧 Pr> Z <.0001双侧 Pr>|Z| <.0001总体的KPA是否为0 KPA大于0两种方法的一致性有统计学意义 小于0 不一致性有统计学意义加权的 Kappa 系数加权的 Kappa 0.6614渐近标准误差 0.056095% 置信下限 0.551695% 置信上限 0.7711置信区间不包括0 拒绝H0 按此计算结果可以用一种取代另一种方法 但要看专业要求达到多少才可以 观测一致率达到多少才可以代替样本大小 = 147FREQ 过程频数 百分比 行百分比列百分比a *b 表a b 合计1 2 31 5839.4692.0686.5721.363.173.7732.044.7611.116342.862 10.682.001.494228.5784.0079.2574.7614.0025.935034.013 85.4423.5311.9496.1226.4716.981711.5650.0062.963423.13合计 6745.58 5336.052718.37147100.00a *b 表的统计量对称性检验统计量 (S) 2.8561自由度 3Pr > S 0.4144简单 Kappa 系数Kappa 0.6809渐近标准误差 0.050095% 置信下限 0.583095% 置信上限 0.7788加权的 Kappa 系数加权的 Kappa 0.6614渐近标准误差 0.056095% 置信下限 0.551695% 置信上限 0.7711H0 检验: 加权的 Kappa = 0H0 下的渐近标准误差 0.0646Z 10.2406单侧 Pr> Z <.0001双侧 Pr>|Z| <.0001对加权的KPA 检验 与简单的（利用对角线上的数据分析）加权还要利用对角线以外的数据分析 样本大小 = 147练习六：双向无序R*C 列连表列连表 用卡方理论频数小于5没有超过五分之一，没有超过五分之一，一般用卡方一般用卡方一般用卡方 实在不行用FISHER 检验检验 超过用KPA 两种血型都是按小中大排列两种血型都是按小中大排列 相互不影响相互不影响 独立的独立的 接受H0 不一致不一致行与列变量相互不影响行与列变量相互不影响 DATA PGM20A; DO A=1 TO 4; DO B=1 TO 3;INPUT F @@;OUTPUT ;END ;END ;CARDS ;431 490 902 388 410 800 495 587 950 137 179 325 ; run ; ods html ; PROC FREQ ; WEIGHT F;TABLES A*B / A*B / CHISQCHISQ ;*exact; RUN ;ods html close ;样本大小 = 6094练习七：单向有序R*C 秩和检验秩和检验*方法1;（单因素非参数 HO 三个药物疗效相同 H1不完全相等）不完全相等） DATA PGM20C; DO A=1 TO 4; DO B=1 TO 3; INPUT F @@;OUTPUT ;END ;END ;CARDS ; 15 4 1 49 9 15 31 50 45 5 22 24 ; run ; ods html ;PROC NPAR1WAY WILCOXON ; FREQ FREQ F;CLASS B; VAR A; RUN ;*方法2;（FIQ CHIM ） proc freq data =PGM20C; weight f;tables b*a/ b*a/cmh cmhscores =rank; run ; ods html close ;总样本大小 = 270练习八：练习八： 双向有序双向有序 属性不同属性不同 R*C 4种目的4种方法种方法SPEARMAN 秩相关分析 DATA PGM20E; DO A=1 TO 3; DO B=1 TO 3;INPUT F @@;OUTPUT ;END ;END ;CARDS ; 215 131 148 67 101 128 44 63 132;run ; ods html ; PROC CORR SPEARMAN ;VAR A B; FREQ F; RUN ;ods html close ;统计分析与SAS 实现第1次上机实习题一、定量资料上机实习题要求：要求：（1） 先判断定量资料所对应的实验设计类型；（2） 假定资料满足参数检验的前提条件，请选用相应设计的定量资料的方差分析，并用SAS 软件实现统计计算；（3） 摘录主要计算结果并合理解释，给出统计学结论和专业结论。

SAS金融数据处理综合练习题1.创建一包含10000个变量（X1-X10000），100个观测值的SAS数据集。

分别用DATA步，DATA步数组语句和IML过程实现。

（1）用data步实现data test1a;informat x1-x10000 9.2; /*创建100个变量，规定输出格*/do i=1to100; /*做循环*/output;/*每一次循环，输出所有的变量，包括i*/drop i;/*去掉i*/end;run;或者data test1a;format x1-x10000 best12.; /*创建10000个变量x1-x10000，但未有初始化*/do i=1to100; /*创建100个观测*/output;/*且每一个观测都输出到数据集test1a*/end;drop i;run;（2）用data步数组语句实现data test1b;array t{10000} x1-x10000 ;/*创建数组变量*/do i =1to100;/*每个变量有100个观测*/output;/*每一次循环，输出所有的变量，包括i*/drop i;/*去掉i*/end;/*循环结束*/data test1c;array t{10000} x1-x10000;do j=1to100;/*100次观测的循环*/do i = 1to10000;t{i}=i;/*第i个变量等于i*/end;output;/*输出第i次观测的i个变量的值*/end;drop i j;/*去掉i和j*/run;或者data test1b;array t{10000} x1-x10000;do j=1to100;/*100次观测的循环*/do i = 1to10000;t{i}=i;/*第i个变量等于i*/end;output;/*输出第i次观测的i个变量的值*/end;drop i j;/*去掉i和j*/run;（3）用IML过程实现proc iml;/*启用iml环境*/x='x1':'x10000';/*定义数组x1-x10000*/t= j(100,10000,1) ;/*创建100行10000列的. 同元素矩阵*/print t x;/*打印两个矩阵察看*/create test1d from t[colname=x];/*创建数据集c，变量数为列数，观测数为行数，列名更改为变量名，默认逻辑库为临时*/append from t; /*将t中的值填充的数据集中*/show datasets;show contents;/*显示数据集的一些7788的属性*/close test1d;run;quit;或者proc iml;x='x1':'x10000';t= shape(1,100,10000) ;/*shape和j不太一样，顺序是元素，行，列，j的顺序为行，列，元素*/print t x;create test1d from t[colname=x];append from t;show datasets;show contents;close test1d;run;quit;（4）用宏实现%macro names(name,number,obs);data a;%do i=1%to &obs;%do n=1%to &number;&name&n=1;%end;output;%end;run;%mend names;%names(x, 10000,100);2.多种方法创建包含变量X的10000个观测值的SAS数据集。

重庆医科大学--卫生统计学统计软件包SAS上机练习题（一）1、SAS常用的窗口有哪三个？请在三个基本窗口之间切换并记住这些命令或功能键。

2、请在PGM窗口中输入如下几行程序，提交系统执行，并查看OUTPUT窗和LOG窗中内容，注意不同颜色的含义；并根据日志窗中的信息修改完善程序。

3、将第2题的程序、结果及日志保存到磁盘。

4、试根据如下例1的程序完成后面的问题：表1 某班16名学生3门功课成绩表如下问题：1）建立数据集；2）打印至少有1门功课不及格同学的信息；(提示，使用if语句)参考程序：data a;input id sh wl bl;cards;083 68 71 65084 74 61 68085 73 75 46086 79 80 79087 75 71 68084 85 85 87085 78 79 75086 80 76 79087 85 80 82088 77 71 75089 67 73 71080 75 81 70118 70 54 75083 70 66 84084 62 73 65099 82 70 79;run;data b;set a;if sh<60 or wl<60 or bl<60then output;run;proc print data=b;var id sh wl bl;run;5、根据下列数据建立数据集表2 销售数据开始时间终止时间费用2005/04/28 25MAY2009 $123,345,0002005 09 18 05OCT2009 $33,234,5002007/08/12 22SEP2009 $345,60020040508 30JUN2009 $432,334,500提示：(格式化输入；数据之间以空格分隔，数据对齐；注意格式后面的长度应以前一个位置结束开始计算，如果读入错误，可试着调整格式的宽度；显示日期需要使用输出格式)开始时间，输入格式yymmdd10.终止时间，输入格式date10.费用，输入格式dollar12.参考程序：data a;input x1 yymmdd10. x2 date10. x3 dollar13.;cards;2005/04/28 25MAY2009 $123,345,0002005 09 18 05OCT2009 $33,234,5002007/08/12 22SEP2009 $345,60020040508 30JUN2009 $432,334,500;run;proc print;run;proc print;format x1 yymmdd10. x2 date9. x3 dollar13.;run;6、手机号码一编码规则一般是：YYY-XXXX-ZZZZ，其YYY为号段；XXXX一般为所在地区编码；ZZZZ为对应的个人识别编号。

SAS Certificate Base Practice Questions and Detailed Answers Chapter 1: Basic ConceptsChapter 2: Referencing Files and Setting OptionsChapter 3: Editing and Debugging SAS ProgramsChapter 4: Creating List ReportsChapter 5: Creating SAS Data Sets from Raw DataChapter 6: Understanding DATA Step ProcessingChapter 7: Creating and Applying User-Defined FormatsChapter 8: Creating Enhanced List and Summary ReportsChapter 9: Producing Descriptive StatisticsChapter 10: Producing HTML OutputChapter 11: Creating and Managing VariablesChapter 12: Reading SAS Data SetsChapter 13: Combining SAS Data SetsChapter 14: Transforming Data with SAS FunctionsChapter 15: Generating Data with DO LoopsChapter 16: Processing Variables with ArraysChapter 17: Reading Raw Data in Fixed FieldsChapter 18: Reading Free-Format DataChapter 19: Reading Date and Time ValuesChapter 20: Creating a Single Observation from Multiple RecordsChapter 21: Creating Multiple Observations from a Single RecordChapter 22: Reading Hierarchical FilesChapter 1: Basic Concepts Answer Key1.How many observations and variables does the data set below contain?a. 3 observations, 4 variablesb. 3 observations, 3 variablesc. 4 observations, 3 variablesd.can't tell because some values are missingCorrect answer:cRows in the data set are called observations, and columns are called variables. Missing values don't affect the structure of the data set.2.How many program steps are executed when the program below is processed?data user.tables;infile jobs;input date name $ job $;run;proc sort data=user.tables;by name;run;proc print data=user.tables;run;a.threeb.fourc.fived.sixCorrect answer:aWhen it encounters a DATA, PROC, or RUN statement, SAS stops reading statements andexecutes the previous step in the program. The program above contains one DATA step and two PROC steps, for a total of three program steps.3.What type of variable is the variable AcctNum in the data set below?a.numericb.characterc.can be either character or numericd.can't tell from the data shownCorrect answer:bIt must be a character variable, because the values contain letters and underscores, which are not valid characters for numeric values.4.What type of variable is the variable Wear in the data set below?a.numericb.characterc.can be either character or numericd.can't tell from the data shownCorrect answer:aIt must be a numeric variable, because the missing value is indicated by a period rather than by a blank.5.Which of the following variable names is valid?a.4BirthDateb.$Costc._Items_d.Tax-RateCorrect answer:cVariable names follow the same rules as SAS data set names. They can be 1 to 32 characters long, must begin with a letter (A–Z, either uppercase or lowercase) or an underscore, and can continue with any combination of numbers, letters, or underscores.6.Which of the following files is a permanent SAS file?a.Sashelp.PrdSaleb.Sasuser.MySalesc.Profits.Quarter1d.all of the aboveCorrect answer:dTo store a file permanently in a SAS data library, you assign it a libref other than the default Work. For example, by assigning the libref Profits to a SAS data library, you specify that files within the library are to be stored until you delete them. Therefore, SAS files in the Sashelp and Sasuser libraries are permanent files.7.In a DATA step, how can you reference a temporary SAS data set named Forecast?a.Forecastb.Work.Forecastc.Sales.Forecast (after assigning the libref Sales)d.only a and b aboveCorrect answer:dTo reference a temporary SAS file in a DATA step or PROC step, you can specify the one-level name of the file (for example, Forecast) or the two-level name using the libref Work (for example, Work.Forecast).8.What is the default length for the numeric variable Balance?a. 5b. 6c.7d.8Correct answer:dThe numeric variable Balance has a default length of 8. Numeric values (no matter how many digits they contain) are stored in 8 bytes of storage unless you specify a different length.9.How many statements does the following SAS program contain?proc print data=new.prodsalelabel double;var state day price1 price2; where state='NC';label state='Name of State';run;a.threeb.fourc.fived.sixCorrect answer:cThe five statements are•PROC PRINT statement (two lines long)•VAR statement•WHERE statement (on the same line as the VAR statement)•LABEL statement•RUN statement (on the same line as the LABEL statement).10.What is a SAS data library?a. a collection of SAS files, such as SAS data sets and catalogsb.in some operating environments, a physical collection of SAS filesc.in some operating environments, a logically related collection of SAS filesd.all of the aboveCorrect answer:dEvery SAS file is stored in a SAS data library, which is a collection of SAS files, such as SAS data sets and catalogs. In some operating environments, a SAS data library is a physical collection of files. In others, the files are only logically related. In the Windows and UNIX environments, a SAS data library is typically a group of SAS files in the same folder or directory.Chapter 2: Referencing Files and Setting Options1.If you submit the following program, how does the output look?options pagesize=55 nonumber;proc tabulate data=clinic.admit;class actlevel;var age height weight;table actlevel,(age height weight)*mean;run;options linesize=80;proc means data=clinic.heart min max maxdec=1;var arterial heart cardiac urinary;class survive sex;run;a.The PROC MEANS output has a print line width of 80 characters, but the PROCTABULATE output has no print line width.b.The PROC TABULATE output has no page numbers, but the PROC MEANS outputhas page numbers.c.Each page of output from both PROC steps is 55 lines long and has no page numbers,and the PROC MEANS output has a print line width of 80 characters.d.The date does not appear on output from either PROC step.Correct: answer:cWhen you specify a system option, it remains in effect until you change the option or end your SAS session, so both PROC steps generate output that is printed 55 lines per page with no page numbers. If you don't specify a system option, SAS uses the default value for that system option.2.In order for the date values 05May1955 and 04Mar2046 to be read correctly, what value mustthe YEARCUTOFF= option have?a. a value between 1947 and 1954, inclusiveb.1955 or higherc.1946 or higherd.any valueCorrect answer:dAs long as you specify an informat with the correct field width for reading the entire date value, the YEARCUTOFF= option doesn't affect date values that have four-digit years.3.When you specify an engine for a library, you are always specifyinga.the file format for files that are stored in the library.b.the version of SAS that you are using.c.access to other software vendors' files.d.instructions for creating temporary SAS files.Correct answer:aA SAS engine is a set of internal instructions that SAS uses for writing to and reading from files in a SAS library. Each engine specifies the file format for files that are stored in the library, which in turn enables SAS to access files with a particular format. Some engines access SAS files, and other engines support access to other vendors' files.4.Which statement prints a summary of all the files stored in the library named Area51?a.proc contents data=area51._all_ nods;b.proc contents data=area51 _all_ nods;c.proc contents data=area51 _all_ noobs;d.proc contents data=area51 _all_.nods;Correct answer:aTo print a summary of library contents with the CONTENTS procedure, use a period to append the _ALL_ option to the libref. Adding the NODS option suppresses detailed information about the files.5.The following PROC PRINT output was created immediately after PROC TABULATEoutput. Which SAS system options were specified when the report was created?a.OBS=, DATE, and NONUMBERb.PAGENO=1, and DATEc.NUMBER and DATE onlyd.none of the aboveCorrect answer:bClearly, the DATE and PAGENO= options are specified. Because the page number on the output is 1, even though PROC TABULATE output was just produced. If you don't specify PAGENO=, all output in the Output window is numbered sequentially throughout your SAS session.6.Which of the following programs correctly references a SAS data set named SalesAnalysisthat is stored in a permanent SAS library?a.data saleslibrary.salesanalysis;set mydata.quarter1sales;if sales>100000;run;b.data mysales.totals;set sales_99.salesanalysis;if totalsales>50000;run;c.proc print data=salesanalysis.quarter1;var sales salesrep month;run;d.proc freq data=1999data.salesanalysis;tables quarter*sales; run;Correct answer:bLibrefs must be 1 to 8 characters long, must begin with a letter or underscore, and can contain only letters, numbers, or underscores. After you assign a libref, you specify it as the first element in the two-level name for a SAS file.7.Which time span is used to interpret two-digit year values if the YEARCUTOFF= option isset to 1950?a.1950-2049b.1950-2050c.1949-2050d.1950-2000Correct answer:aThe YEARCUTOFF= option specifies which 100-year span is used to interpret two-digit year values. The default value of YEARCUTOFF= is 1920. However, you can override the default and change the value of YEARCUTOFF= to the first year of another 100-year span. If you specify YEARCUTOFF=1950, then the 100-year span will be from 1950 to 2049.8.Asssuming you are using SAS code and not special SAS windows, which one of thefollowing statements is false?a.LIBNAME statements can be stored with a SAS program to reference the SAS libraryautomatically when you submit the program.b.When you delete a libref, SAS no longer has access to the files in the library.However, the contents of the library still exist on your operating system.c.Librefs can last from one SAS session to another.d.You can access files that were created with other vendors' software by submitting aLIBNAME statement.Correct answer:cThe LIBNAME statement is global, which means that librefs remain in effect until you modify them, cancel them, or end your SAS session. Therefore, the LIBNAME statement assigns the libref for the current SAS session only. You must assign a libref before accessingSAS files that are stored in a permanent SAS data library.9.What does the following statement do?libname osiris spss 'c:\myfiles\sasdata\data';a.defines a library called Spss using the OSIRIS engineb.defines a library called Osiris using the SPSS enginec.defines two libraries called Osiris and Spss using the default engined.defines the default library using the OSIRIS and SPSS enginesCorrect answer:bIn the LIBNAME statement, you specify the library name before the engine name. Both are followed by the path.10.What does the following OPTIONS statement do?options pagesize=15 nodate;a.suppresses the date and limits the page size of the logb.suppresses the date and limits the vertical page size for text outputc.suppresses the date and limits the vertical page size for text and HTML outputd.suppresses the date and limits the horizontal page size for text outputCorrect answer:bThese options affect the format of listing output only. NODATE suppresses the date and PAGESIZE= determines the number of rows to print on the page.Chapter 3: Editing and Debugging SAS Programs Answer Key1.As you write and edit SAS programs it's a good idea toa.begin DATA and PROC steps in column one.b.indent statements within a step.c.begin RUN statements in column one.d.all of the aboveCorrect answer:dAlthough you can write SAS statements in almost any format, a consistent layout enhances readability and enables you to understand the program's purpose. It's a good idea to begin DATA and PROC steps in column one, to indent statements within a step, to begin RUN statements in column one, and to include a RUN statement after every DATA step or PROC step.2.What usually happens when an error is detected?a.SAS continues processing the step.b.SAS continues to process the step, and the log displays messages about the error.c.SAS stops processing the step in which the error occurred, and the log displaysmessages about the error.d.SAS stops processing the step in which the error occurred, and the program outputdisplays messages about the error.Correct answer:cSyntax errors generally cause SAS to stop processing the step in which the error occurred. When a program that contains an error is submitted, messages regarding the problem also appear in the SAS log. When a syntax error is detected, the SAS log displays the word ERROR, identifies the possible location of the error, and gives an explanation of the error.3. A syntax error occurs whena.some data values are not appropriate for the SAS statements that are specified in aprogram.b.the form of the elements in a SAS statement is correct, but the elements are not validfor that usage.c.program statements do not conform to the rules of the SAS language.d.none of the aboveCorrect canswer:Syntax errors are common types of errors. Some SAS system options, features of the Editorwindow, and the DATA step debugger can help you identify syntax errors. Other types oferrors include data errors, semantic errors, and execution-time errors.4.How can you tell whether you have specified an invalid option in a SAS program?a. A log message indicates an error in a statement that seems to be valid.b. A log message indicates that an option is not valid or not recognized.c.The message "PROC running" or "DATA step running" appears at the top of theactive window.d.You can't tell until you view the output from the program.Correct answer:bWhen you submit a SAS statement that contains an invalid option, a log message notifies you that the option is not valid or not recognized. You should recall the program, remove or replace the invalid option, check your statement syntax as needed, and resubmit the corrected program.5.Which of the following programs contains a syntax error?Correct answer:bThe DATA step contains a misspelled keyword (dat instead of data). However, this is such a common (and easily interpretable) error that SAS produces only a warning message, not an error.6.What does the following log indicate about your program?proc print data=sasuser.cargo99var origin dest cargorev;2276ERROR 22-322: Syntax error, expecting one of the following:;, (, DATA, DOUBLE, HEADING, LABEL, N, NOOBS, OBS, ROUND, ROWS, SPLIT, STYLE,UNIFORM, WIDTH.ERROR 76-322: Syntax error, statement will be ignored.11 run;a.SAS identifies a syntax error at the position of the VAR statement.b.SAS is reading VAR as an option in the PROC PRINT statement.c.SAS has stopped processing the program because of errors.d.all of the aboveCorrect answer:dBecause there is a missing semicolon at the end of the PROC PRINT statement, SAS interprets VAR as an option in PROC PRINT and finds a syntax error at that location. SAS stops processing programs when it encounters a syntax error.Chapter 4: Creating List Reports Answer Key 1.Which PROC PRINT step below creates the following output?Correct answer:cThe DATA= option specifies the data set that you are listing, and the ID statement replaces the Obs column with the specified variable. The VAR statement specifies variables and controls the order in which they appear, and the WHERE statement selects rows based on a condition. The LABEL option in the PROC PRINT statement causes the labels that are specified in the LABEL statement to be displayed.2.Which of the following PROC PRINT steps is correct if labels are not stored with thedata set?Correct aanswer:You use the DATA= option to specify the data set to be printed. The LABEL optionspecifies that variable labels appear in output instead of variable names.3.Which of the following statements selects from a data set only those observations forwhich the value of the variable Style is RANCH, SPLIT, or TWOSTORY?Correct answer:dIn the WHERE statement, the IN operator enables you to select observations based on several values. You specify values in parentheses and separate them by spaces or commas. Character values must be enclosed in quotation marks and must be in the same case as in the data set.4.If you want to sort your data and create a temporary data set named Calc to store thesorted data, which of the following steps should you submit?Correct answer:cIn a PROC SORT step, you specify the DATA= option to specify the data set to sort. The OUT= option specifies an output data set. The required BY statement specifies the variable(s) to use in sorting the data.5.Which options are used to create the following PROC PRINT output?13:27 Monday, March 22, 1999 Patient Arterial Heart Cardiac Urinary203 88 95 66 11054 83 183 95 0664 72 111 332 12210 74 97 369 0101 80 130 291 0a.the DATE system option and the LABEL option in PROC PRINTb.the DATE and NONUMBER system options and the DOUBLE and NOOBSoptions in PROC PRINTc.the DATE and NONUMBER system options and the DOUBLE option inPROC PRINTd.the DATE and NONUMBER system options and the NOOBS option in PROCPRINTCorrect answer:bThe DATE and NONUMBER system options cause the output to appear with the date but without page numbers. In the PROC PRINT step, the DOUBLE option specifies double spacing, and the NOOBS option removes the default Obs column.6.Which of the following statements can you use in a PROC PRINT step to create thisoutput?Correct answer:dYou do not need to name the variables in a VAR statement if you specify them in the SUM statement, but you can. If you choose not to name the variables in the VAR statement as well, then the SUM statement determines the order of the variables in the output.7.What happens if you submit the following program?proc sort data=clinic.diabetes;run;proc print data=clinic.diabetes;var age height weight pulse;where sex='F';run;a.The PROC PRINT step runs successfully, printing observations in their sortedorder.b.The PROC SORT step permanently sorts the input data set.c.The PROC SORT step generates errors and stops processing, but the PROCPRINT step runs successfully, printing observations in their original (unsorted)order.d.The PROC SORT step runs successfully, but the PROC PRINT step generateserrors and stops processing.Correct answer:cThe BY statement is required in PROC SORT. Without it, the PROC SORT step fails. However, the PROC PRINT step prints the original data set as requested.8.If you submit the following program, which output does it create?proc sort data=finance.loans out=work.loans;by months amount;run;proc print data=work.loans noobs; var months;sum amount payment;where months<360;run;a.b.c.d.Correct answer:aColumn totals appear at the end of the report in the same format as the values of the variables, so b is incorrect. Work.Loans is sorted by Month and Amount, so c isincorrect. The program sums both Amount and Payment, so d is incorrect.9.Choose the statement below that selects rows which•the amount is less than or equal to $5000•the account is 101-1092 or the rate equals 0.095.Correct answer:cTo ensure that the compound expression is evaluated correctly, you can use parentheses to groupaccount='101-1092' or rate eq 0.095OBS Account Amount Rate MonthsPayment1 101-1092 $22,000 10.00%60 $467.432 101-1731 $114,0009.50% 360 $958.573 101-1289 $10,000 10.50%36 $325.024 101-3144 $3,500 10.50%12 $308.525 103-1135 $8,700 10.50%24 $403.476 103-1994 $18,500 10.00%60 $393.077 103-2335 $5,000 10.50%48 $128.028 103-3864 $87,500 9.50% 360 $735.759 103-3891 $30,000 9.75% 360 $257.75For example, from the data set above, a and b above select observations 2 and 8 (those that have a rate of 0.095); c selects no observations; and d selects observations 4 and 7 (those that have an amount less than or equal to 5000).10.What does PROC PRINT display by default?a.PROC PRINT does not create a default report; you must specify the rows andcolumns to be displayed.b.PROC PRINT displays all observations and variables in the data set. If youwant an additional column for observation numbers, you can request it.c.PROC PRINT displays columns in the following order: a column forobservation numbers, all character variables, and all numeric variables.d.PROC PRINT displays all observations and variables in the data set, a columnfor observation numbers on the far left, and variables in the order in which they occur in the data set.Correct answer:dYou can remove the column for observation numbers. You can also specify the variables you want, and you can select observations according to conditions.Chapter 5: Creating SAS Data Sets from Raw Data Answer Key1.Which SAS statement associates the fileref Crime with the raw data fileC:\States\Data\Crime?a.filename crime 'c:\states\data\crime';b.filename crime c:\states\data\crime;c.fileref crime 'c:\states\data\crime';d.filename 'c:\states\data\crime' crime; Correct aanswer:Before you can read your raw data, you must reference the raw data file by creating afileref. You assign a fileref by using a FILENAME statement in the same way thatyou assign a libref by using a LIBNAME statement.2.Filerefs remain in effect untila.you change them.b.you cancel them.c.you end your SAS session.d.all of the aboveCorrect answer:dLike LIBNAME statements, FILENAME statements are global; they remain in effect until you change them, cancel them, or end your SAS session.3.Which statement identifies the name of a raw data file to be read with the filerefProducts and specifies that the DATA step read only records 1-15?a.infile products obs 15;b.infile products obs=15;c.input products obs=15;d.input products 1-15;Correct answer:bYou use an INFILE statement to specify the raw data file to be read. You can specify a fileref or an actual filename (in quotation marks). The OBS= option in the INFILE statement enables you to process only records 1 through n.4.Which of the following programs correctly writes the observations from the data setbelow to a raw data file?Correct answer:dThe keyword _NULL_ in the DATA statement enables you to use the power of the DATA step without actually creating a SAS data set. You use the FILE and PUT statements to write out the observations from a SAS data set to a raw data file. The FILE statement specifies the raw data file and the PUT statement describes the lines towrite to the raw data file. The filename and location that are specified in the FILE statement must be enclosed in quotation marks.5.Which raw data file can be read using column input?a.b.c.d.all of the aboveCorrect answer:bColumn input is appropriate only in some situations. When you use column input, your data must be standard character or numeric values, and they must be in fixed fields. That is, values for a particular variable must be in the same location in all records.6.Which program creates the output shown below?Correct answer:aThe INPUT statement creates a variable using the name that you assign to each field. Therefore, when you write an INPUT statement, you need to specify the variable names exactly as you want them to appear in the SAS data set.7.Which statement correctly reads the fields in the following order: StockNumber,Price, Item, Finish, Style?Field Name Start Column End Column Data TypeStockNumber 1 3 characterFinish 5 9 characterStyle 11 18 characterItem 20 24 characterPrice 27 32 numericCorrec t answer:bYou can use column input to read fields in any order. You must specify the variable name to be created, identify character values with a $, and name the correct starting column and ending column for each field.8.Which statement correctly re-defines the values of the variable Income as 100percent higher?a.income=income*1.00;b.income=income+(income*2.00);c.income=income*2;d.income=*2;Correct answer:cTo re-define the values of the variable Income in an Assignment statement, you specify the variable name on the left side of the equal sign and an appropriate expression including the variable name on the right side of the equal sign.9.Which program correctly reads instream data?a.data finance.newloan;input datalines;if country='JAPAN';MonthAvg=amount/12;1998 US CARS 194324.121998 US TRUCKS 142290.301998 CANADA CARS 10483.441998 CANADA TRUCKS 93543.641998 MEXICO CARS 22500.571998 MEXICO TRUCKS 10098.881998 JAPAN CARS 15066.431998 JAPAN TRUCKS 40700.34;b.data finance.newloan;input Year 1-4 Country $ 6-11Vehicle $ 13-18 Amount 20-28;if country='JAPAN';MonthAvg=amount/12;datalines;run;c.data finance.newloan;input Year 1-4 Country 6-11Vehicle 13-18 Amount 20-28;if country='JAPAN';MonthAvg=amount/12;datalines;1998 US CARS 194324.121998 US TRUCKS 142290.301998 CANADA CARS 10483.441998 CANADA TRUCKS 93543.641998 MEXICO CARS 22500.571998 MEXICO TRUCKS 10098.881998 JAPAN CARS 15066.431998 JAPAN TRUCKS 40700.34;d.data finance.newloan;input Year 1-4 Country $ 6-11Vehicle $ 13-18 Amount 20-28;if country='JAPAN';MonthAvg=amount/12;datalines;1998 US CARS 194324.121998 US TRUCKS 142290.301998 CANADA CARS 10483.441998 CANADA TRUCKS 93543.641998 MEXICO CARS 22500.571998 MEXICO TRUCKS 10098.881998 JAPAN CARS 15066.431998 JAPAN TRUCKS 40700.34;Correct answer:dTo read instream data, you specify a DATALINES statement and data lines, followed by a null statement (single semicolon) to indicate the end of the input data. Program a contains no DATALINES statement, and the INPUT statement doesn't specify the fields to read. Program b contains no data lines, and the INPUT statement in program c doesn't specify the necessary dollar signs for the character variables Country and Vehicle.10.Which SAS statement subsets the raw data shown below so that only the observationsin which Sex (in the second field) has a value of F are processed?a.if sex=f;b.if sex=F;c.if sex='F';d. a or bCorrect answer:cTo subset data, you can use a subsetting IF statement in any DATA step to process only those observations that meet a specified condition. Because Sex is a character variable, the value F must be enclosed in quotation marks and must be in the same case as in the data set.Chapter 6: Understanding DATA Step Processing Answer Key1.Which of the following is not created during the compilation phase?。

1.SAS系统主要完成以数据为中心的四大功能，其中核心功能为:统计分析功能2.在SAS系统的组成模块中，能进行数据管理和数据加工、处理的模块……BASE模块3.SAS显示管理系统窗口中能够提交当前运行的SAS程序执行过程的窗口为：…………………………………………………………………PGM窗口4.如下一段SAS程序：DATA ;INPUT X @@;CARDS:2 3 4 9 1 ;RUN;模块当运行程序以后SAS系统会产生SAS数据集………………………………………( C )A. DATAB. NULLC. DATA1D.程序错误5．INPUT语句一般用来指定数据的读入方式，可以读取各种类型的数据包括字符型，现有如下的一段程序：DATA ONE;INPUT NAME $ SCORE;CARDS;Wanglin 85Zhang dong-feng 90;那么在第二个观测中读取到的NAME 为……………………………………………(B)A. Zhang dong-fengB. ZhangC. Zhang doD. Zhang dong6.假设变量X的值为5，有如下程序IF X<5 THENX=X+3;ELSEX=X-2;则执行程序以后变量X的值为………………………………………………………( B)A. 5B.3C.8D. 程序错误7．DATA TEST;DO I=1 TO 3;PUT I= ;END;RUN;程序结果在LOG窗口输出形式为……………………………………………………( A )A. I=1 I=2 I=3B.I=2 I=3 I=4C. 不显示D. I=3 I=2 I=18.假设变量X1=-10.253 X2=-5 则[SIGN(X1)+ABS(X2)]/INT(X1)的运算结果为………………………………………( B)A.-4B.-0.4C. 4D.0.5759.逻辑运算[(5<1)|(4<>2)]&(7>2)的结果为：……………………………………( 1 )10．以下几个统计量在UNIVARIATE过程中能求得到得而在MEANS过程中无法求得的是………………………………………………………………………………………( B )A. meanB. varC. Q1D.range11.SAS系统主要完成以数据为中心的四大功能，其中能够将Excel、Lotus、DBF、TXT等数据转化成SAS 数据集属于…………………………… (数据管理功能 )12. SAS数据集是关系型结构，分成两部分：描述部分和。

1、为比较两种方法对乳酸饮料中脂肪含量测定结果是否不同，某人随机抽取了10份乳酸饮料制品，分别用脂肪酸水解法和哥特里－罗紫法测定其结果如表3-3第(1)~(3)栏。

问两法测定结果是否不同？表两种方法对乳酸饮料中脂肪含量的测定结果(%)编号(1) 哥特里－罗紫法(2)脂肪酸水解法(3)1 0.840 0.5802 0.591 0.5093 0.674 0.5004 0.632 0.3165 0.687 0.3376 0.978 0.5177 0.750 0.4548 0.730 0.5129 1.200 0.99710 0.870 0.5062、为研究国产四类新药阿卡波糖胶囊的降血糖效果，某医院用20名II型糖尿病病人进行同期随机对照试验。

试验者将这些病人随机等分到试验组(用阿卡波糖胶囊)和对照组(用拜唐苹胶囊)，分别测得试验开始前和8周后的空腹血糖，算得空腹血糖下降值见表3-4，能否认为该国产四类新药阿卡波糖胶囊与拜唐苹胶囊对空腹血糖的降糖效果不同？表3-4 试验组和对照组空腹血糖下降值(mmol/L)试验组(n1=10)-0.70 -5.60 2.00 2.80 0.70 3.50 4.00 5.80 7.10 -0.50对照组(n2=10)3.70 6.50 5.00 5.20 0.80 0.20 0.60 3.40 6.60 -1.103. 两组肿瘤患者，单纯放疗组（A）13 例，口服平消胶囊+放疗组（B）12 例，接受放疗前后，血清Sil-2R水平（U/ml）如表所示。

试评价平消胶囊对接受放疗患者血清Sil-2R水平的影响？两组肿瘤患者的血清Sil-2R水平A组 No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7治疗前 1183.03 822.52 1294.00 852.50 568.89 532.12 896.36治疗后 983.08 469.34 704.39 979.66 1040.33 895.93 612.27No. 8 9 10 11 12 13治疗前 530.46 808.22 375.44 1055.26 614.55 450.22治疗后 616.70 870.14 1245.54 1753.67 1850.56 538.45B组 No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7治疗前 992.85 767.33 645.85 709.54 995.41 1043.40 1022.76治疗后 236.66 293.00 166.77 204.81 127.27 186.63 200.80No. 8 9 10 11 12治疗前 486.27 694.28 871.44 973.73 1063.76治疗后 151.47 254.49 178.09 147.19 111.224.大量研究显示汉族足月正常产男性新生儿临产前双顶径（BPD）均数为9.3cm。

6$6Ϟ 㒗д乬˄Ѡ˅㄀1乬data a;input x@@;cards;142.3 148.8 142.7 144.4 144.7 145.1 143.3 154.2 152.3 142.7 156.6 137.9 143.9 141.2 139.3 145.8 142.2 137.9 141.2 150.6 142.7 151.3 142.4 141.5 141.9 147.9 125.8 139.9 148.9 154.9 145.7 140.8 139.6 148.8 147.8 146.7 132.7 149.7 154.0 158.2 138.2 149.8 151.1 140.1 140.5 143.4 152.9 147.5 147.7 162.6 141.6 143.6 144.0 150.6 138.9 150.8 147.9 136.9 146.5 130.6 142.5 149.0 145.4 139.5 148.9 144.5 141.8 148.1 145.4 134.6 130.5 145.2 146.2 146.4 142.4 137.1 141.4 144.0 129.4 142.8 132.1 141.8 143.3 143.8 134.7 147.1 140.9 137.4 142.5 146.6 135.5 146.8 156.3 150.0 147.3 142.9 141.4 134.7 138.5 146.6 134.5 135.1 141.9 142.1 138.1 134.9 146.7 138.5 139.6 139.2 148.8 150.3 140.7 143.5 140.2 143.6 138.7 138.9 143.5 139.9 134.4 133.1 145.9 139.2 137.4 142.3 160.9 137.7 142.9 126.8;proc means data=a n mean median clm qrange std cv stderr maxdec=2;var x;proc univariate data=a normal;histogram x;var x;run;Џ㽕㒧The MEANS ProcedureAnalysis Variable : xN Mean Median Lower 95%CL for MeanUpper 95%CL for MeanQuartileRangeStdDevCoeff ofVariationStdError՟ Ёԡ 95%䯈ϟ䰤95%䯈Ϟ䰤ԡ 䯈䎱㋏ 䇃130 143.22142.75142.10144.337.80 6.43 4.490.56乥⿄㄀2乬data a2;do grp='⬆㒘','Э㒘';input id before after @@;cha=before-after;output;end;cards;1 6.11 6.00 1 6.90 6.932 6.81 6.83 2 6.40 6.353 6.48 4.49 3 6.48 6.414 7.59 7.28 4 7.00 7.105 6.42 6.30 5 6.53 6.416 6.94 6.64 6 6.70 6.687 9.17 8.42 7 9.10 9.058 7.33 7.00 8 7.31 6.839 6.94 6.58 9 6.96 6.9110 7.67 7.22 10 6.81 6.7311 8.15 6.57 11 8.16 7.6512 6.60 6.17 12 6.98 6.52;/* 䗄 㒳䅵*/proc means n mean std maxdec=2;class grp;var before after cha;run;proc ttest data=a2; /*ϸ㒘 䆩㗙䆩偠 㸔⏙㚚 䝛∈ Ⳍㄝ*/class grp;var before;proc ttest data=a2; /*⬆㒘䰡㚚 䝛 */paired before*after;where grp='⬆㒘'; /* ⬆㒘ⱘ ˈⳌ ѢDataℹЁⱘif䇁 */ run;proc ttest data=a2; /*Э㒘䰡㚚 䝛 */paired before*after;where grp='Э㒘';run;proc ttest data=a2; /*ϸ⾡䰡㚚 䝛 ⱘ Ⳍ ˈ⫼ */ class grp;var cha;run;Џ㽕㒧䗄 㒧grp N Obs V ariableN Mean Std Dev⬆㒘12 b efore after cha1212127.186.630.560.860.930.61 Э㒘12 b efore after cha1212127.116.960.150.780.750.21ϸ㒘 䆩㗙䆩偠 㸔⏙㚚 䝛∈ ⳌㄝT-TestsVariable Method Variances DF t ValuePr > |t|before PooledEqual220.220.8288beforeSatterthwaite Unequal21.80.220.8288唤 Ẕ偠Equality of VariancesVariable Method Num DFDen DFF ValuePr > F beforeFolded F11111.210.7525Equality of VariancesVariable Method Num DFDen DFF ValuePr > F chaFolded F11118.410.0014㄀3乬data a3;input x@@;if _n_<=11then grp='0 ';else if _n_<=20then grp='1 ';else grp='2 ';cards;8.0 9.0 5.8 6.3 5.4 8.5 5.6 5.4 5.5 7.2 5.6 8.5 4.3 11.0 9.0 6.7 9.0 10.5 7.7 7.711.3 7.0 9.5 8.5 9.6 10.8 9.0 12.6 13.9 6.5;/* 䗄 㒳䅵*/proc means n mean median std p25p75maxdec=2;class grp;var x;run;/*⾽ Ẕ偠ˈHẔ偠*/proc npar1way wilcoxon;class grp;var x;run;Kruskal-Wallis TestChi-Square 11.0991DF 2Pr > Chi-Square 0.0039㸼;; ⮒⮙ϡ 㸔⏙䪰㪱㲟ⱑ 䞣˄­mol/L˅՟ Ёԡ P25-p750 11 6.57 5.80 1.36 5.5-8.91 9 8.27 8.50 2.01 7.7-9.02 10 9.87 9.55 2.33 8.5-11.3Kruskal-Wallis Test˖H=11.0991ˈP=0.0039ㅔ㽕䇈䆹⮒⮙ ǃ ǃ 㸔⏙䪰㪱㲟ⱑ 䞣 ˄Ёԡ ˅ Ў˖ ˄ ˅ǃ ˄ ˅ǃ ˄ ˅ˈϡ ⏙䪰㪱㲟ⱑ 䞣ϡ ˄+ ˈ3 ˅ˈ 䞣䕗Ԣˈ 䞣䕗催DŽproc format ;value sexf 1='⬋'2=' ';value $ques1f 'A'=' ''B'='ϡ ''C'=' ';run ;data a;input id $ sex height weight money ques1$ ques2$;/*䅵ㅫBMI*/bmi=weight/((height/100)**2);/* ↡䕀 ↡*/ques1=upcase(ques1);/* A ǃB ǃC 䕀 ㄝ㑻 䞣ˈ ϔϾ 䞣Ёq Ё*/if ques1='A'then q=1;if ques1='B'then q=2;if ques1='C'then q=3;/* BMI ㄝ㑻 ˈ㒧 ϔϾ 䞣bmigrp Ё*/if bmi<18then bmigrp=" ⯺";else if bmi<25then bmigrp="ℷ ";else if bmi=<30then bmigrp="䍙䞡";else if bmi=<35then bmigrp="䕏 㙹㚪";else if bmi=<40then bmigrp="Ё 㙹㚪";else if bmi>40then bmigrp="䞡 㙹㚪";cards ;cnw1l01 1 179 70 5.7 a ABD EF cnw1l02 1 175 70 7.5 a ABE cnw1l03 2 157 47 4.5 a ABE cnw1l04 2 163 48 5 c AB DF cnw1l05 2 161 52 5 b ABF …………………………………………w7l03 1 175 66 10 A ABC EF cnw7l04 2 163 51 8 B AB D cnw7l05 2 165 57 4.9 A ABD cnw8l01 1 160 60 10 B ABE cnw8l02 2 154 50 4.3 A BE cnw8l03 2 160 60 7 A AB DEF ;run ;/*䅵ㅫ乥 ⱒ ↨*/proc freq data =a;tables sex ques1 bmigrp;format sex sexf. ques1 $ques1f.;run ;/*䅵ㅫϡ 㑻ⱘ ˄乥 ↨˅*/ proc freq data=a;tables sex*ques1;format sex sexf. ques1 $ques1f.;run;/* 䖯㸠⾽ Ẕ偠*/proc npar1way wilcoxon data =a;class sex;var q;format sex sexf.;run;/* 䗄⬋ ⫳ⱘBMI */proc means n mean std median p25p75maxdec=2;class sex;var bmi;format sex sexf.;run;/*↨䕗⬋ ⫳BMIⱘ */proc ttest;class sex;var bmi;format sex sexf.;run;Џ㽕㒧sex Frequency Percent CumulativeFrequencyCumulativePercent⬋ 5541.045541.047958.96134100.00Ϟ㸼 ⧚ 㒳䅵㸼( 乬⬹)՟ ⱒ ↨˄%˅⬋ 55 41.0479 58.96䅵 134 100.00ques1Frequency Percent CumulativeFrequencyCumulativePercent3425.373425.37ϡ 6145.529570.903929.10134100.00Ϟ㸼 ⧚ 㒳䅵㸼( 乬⬹)՟ ⱒ ↨˄%˅34 25.37ϡ 61 45.5239 29.10䅵 134 100.00bmigrp Frequency Percent CumulativeFrequencyCumulativePercent䍙䞡 10.7510.75⯺ 1511.191611.94ℷ 11888.06134100.00Ϟ㸼 ⧚ 㒳䅵㸼( 乬⬹)՟ ⱒ ↨˄%˅䍙䞡 1 0.75⯺ 15 11.19ℷ 118 88.06䅵 134 100.00FrequencyPercent Row Pct Col PctTable of sex by ques1ques1sex ϡ Total ⬋1611.9429.0947.062518.6645.4540.981410.4525.4535.905541.041813.4322.7852.943626.8745.5759.022518.6631.6564.107958.96Total3425.376145.523929.10134100.00⾽ Ẕ偠㒧Wilcoxon Scores (Rank Sums) for Variable qClassified by Variable sexsex N Sum ofScoresExpectedUnder H0Std DevUnder H0MeanScore⬋ 553515.03712.50205.59375063.909091795530.05332.50205.59375070.000000Wilcoxon Two-Sample TestStatistic 3515.0000Normal ApproximationZ -0.9582One-Sided Pr < Z 0.1690Two-Sided Pr > |Z| 0.3380t ApproximationOne-Sided Pr < Z 0.1699Two-Sided Pr > |Z| 0.3397Ϟ䴶ϝϾ㸼 ⧚ 㒳䅵㸼( 乬⬹)⚭ (%)ϡ (%) (%)刧⬋16(29.09) 25(45.45) 14(25.45) 5518(22.78) 36(45.57) 25(31.65) 79䅵34(25.37) 61(45.52) 39(29.10) 134Wilcoxon⾽ Ẕ偠: Z=0.9582ˈP=0.3380ㅔ㽕䇈 ˖29.09%ⱘ⬋⫳㸼⼎ д㣅䇁ⱘ⿃ Ӯ ˈ45.45%ⱘ㸼⼎ϡ ˈ25.45%ⱘ 㸼⼎⿃ Ӯ ˗㗠 ⫳ Ў˖ ˄22.78%˅ǃϡ ˄45.57%˅ǃ ˄31.65%˅DŽ⬋ ⫳ 㑻 䴽 д㣅䇁ⱘ⿃ ≵ ϡ ˄Z=0.9582ˈP=0.3380˅DŽ⬋ ⫳BMI↨䕗Analysis Variable : bmisex N Obs N Mean Std Dev Median25th Pctl75th Pctl⬋ 5555 21.01 2.0020.9619.8122.497979 19.77 1.5019.5618.8221.05 tẔ偠㒧T-TestsVariable Method Variances DF t Value Pr > |t|bmi Pooled Equal 132 4.09 <.0001bmi Satterthwaite Unequal 94.3 3.89 0.0002 唤 Ẕ偠Equality of VariancesVariable Method Num DF Den DF F Value Pr > Fbmi Folded F 5478 1.790.0186Ϟ䴶ϝϾ㸼 ⧚ 㒳䅵㸼( 乬⬹)Ёԡ P25-P75⯶⬋ 55 21.01 2.00 20.96 19.81-22.4979 19.77 1.50 19.56 18.82-21.05Satterthwaite t’Ẕ偠˖t’=3.89ˈP=0.0002ㅔ㽕䇈 ˖䇗 ⬋⫳55ҎˈBMI Ў21.01ˈЁԡ 20.96ˈ 2.00ˈ50%ⱘҎBMI䲚Ё 19.81-22.49П䯈˗䇗 ⫳79ҎˈBMI Ў19.77ˈЁԡ 19.57ˈ 1.50ˈ50%ⱘ ⫳BMI䲚Ё 18.82-21.05П䯈DŽ⬋ ⫳BMI ϡ ˈ⬋⫳BMI催Ѣ ⫳˄t’=3.89ˈP=0.0002˅DŽP132˖˄tẔ偠˅㄀2data a;input id control treat;cards;1 0.3550 0.27552 0.2000 0.25453 0.3130 0.18004 0.3630 0.18005 0.3544 0.31136 0.3450 0.29557 0.3050 0.2870;/* 䗄 㒳䅵*/proc means n mean std maxdec=4;var control treat;run;/*䜡 tẔ偠*/proc ttest;paired control*treat;run;Џ㽕㒧Variable N Mean Std Devcontrol treat 770.31930.25480.05710.0540 T-TestsDifference DF t Value Pr > |t|control - treat 6 2.200.0697⧚ 㒳䅵㸼㒘 ՟✻㒘 7 0.3193 0.0571䆩偠㒘7 0.25480.0540䜡 tẔ偠˖t=2.20ˈP=0.0697ㅔ㽕䇈 ˖㛥㔎⇻῵ 㒘˄䆩偠㒘˅㛥㒘㒛䩭⋉ⱘ 䞣 Ў0.2548ˈ ✻㒘 Ў0.3193ˈ 90%ⱘ ˄D=0.10˅䅸Ў㛥㔎⇻Ӯ䗴 㛥㒘㒛䩭⋉ 䞣䰡Ԣ˄t=2.20ˈP=0.0697˅DŽ(⊼ ˖ℸ㒧䆎 䖒 䗮 ⱘ95%ⱘ (D=0.05))P149㄀1乬data a;input grp$ @@;do i=1to4;input x@@;output;end;cards;0⬆17 16 16 151Э10 11 12 122ϭ11 9 8 9;/* 䗄 㒳䅵*/proc means n mean std maxdec=1;var x;class grp;run;/* */proc glm;class grp;model x=grp;means grp/snk hovtest;/*䗝乍hovtestˈ㽕∖䕧 Levene 唤 Ẕ偠㒧 */run; /* 唤 Ẕ偠Ⳃ 䩜 one-way ANOVA῵ */quit;Џ㽕㒧grp N Obs N Mean Std Dev0⬆ 4416.00.81Э 4411.3 1.02ϭ 449.3 1.3Source DF Type III SS Mean Square F Value Pr > Fgrp 296.1666666748.0833333345.55 <.0001Levene's Test for Homogeneity of x VarianceANOVA of Squared Deviations from Group Means Source DF Sum of Squares Mean Square F Value Pr > Fgrp2 1.01040.50520.540.5990Error98.37500.9306Levene 唤 Ẕ偠˖F=0.54ˈP=0.5990䇈 ϝ㒘䯈 ԧ 唤 DŽϸϸ↨䕗㒧Means with the same letterare not significantly different.SNK Grouping Mean NgrpA 16.000040⬆B 11.250041ЭC 9.250042ϭ⧚ 㒳䅵㸼㒘 ՟⬆ 4 16.0 0.8Э 4 11.3 1.0ϭ 4 9.3 1.3F=45.45ˈP<0.0001˗SNK-qẔ偠˖⬆Эϭϝ㒘ϸϸ↨䕗P<0.05ㅔ㽕䇈 ˖⬆ˈЭˈϭ3⾡ ⧚ 㑶㒚㚲≝䰡⥛ 㒳䅵 Н˄F=45.45ˈP<0.0001˅ˈSNK-q Ẕ偠 ⼎ϸϸП䯈 ϡⳌ ˄P<0.05˅ˈ⬆㒘 催˄16.0 mm/h˅ˈЭ㒘⃵П˄11.3 mm/h˅ˈϭ㒘 Ԣ˄9.3 mm/h˅DŽP149㄀3乬˄ 㒘 ˅data a;input block$ @@;do dose=0.2,0.4,0.8;input x@@;output;end;cards;1⬆ 106 116 1452Э42 68 1153ϭ 70 111 1334ϕ42 63 87;/*䅵ㅫ 䗄 㒳䅵䞣*/proc means n mean std;class dose;var x;run;/* 㒘䆒䅵ⱘ */proc glm;class block dose;model x=block dose;means dose/snk;run;quit;Џ㽕㒧 ˖dose N Obs N Mean Std Dev0.2 4465.030.40.4 4489.527.90.8 44120.025.2㒧Source DF Type III SS Mean Square F Value Pr > Fblock 36457.6666672152.55555623.77 0.0010dose 26074.0000003037.00000033.54 0.0006ϸϸ↨䕗㒧Means with the same letterare not significantly different.SNK Grouping Mean NdoseA 120.00040.8B 89.50040.4C 65.00040.2⧚ 㒳䅵㸼䲠▔㋴ 䞣՟0.2 4 65.0 30.40.4 4 89.5 27.90.8 4 120.0 25.2㒘 ˖F=33.54ˈP=0.0006˗ 䞣䯈ϸϸ↨䕗˖P<0.05ㅔ㽕䇈 ˖ϝ⾡䲠▔㋴ 䞣˄0.2ˈ0.4ˈ0.8˅ϟⱘXXX Ў65.0ǃ89.5ǃ120.0ˈ ℷ 哴 ㋏ⱘ ˄F=23.77ˈP=0.0010˅ ˈϝ⾡䲠▔㋴ϡ 䞣 XXX ˄F=33.54ˈP=0.0006˅ˈSNK-qẔ偠 ⼎ϸϸП䯈 㒳䅵 Н˄P<0.05˅ˈϨ䱣ⴔ 䞣ⱘ ˈ䆹 г DŽP149㄀4乬˄ ϕ 䆒䅵ⱘ ˅data a;do expdate=1to4;do no=1to4;input dose $ x@@;output;end;end;cards;C 32.7 A 11.2 B 23.2D 48.1B 26.2 D 31.8C 28.9 A 18.7A 14.0 C 14.0 D 27.5B 25.6D 33.2 B 16.5 A 21.2 C 40.2;/*䅵ㅫ 䗄 㒳䅵䞣*/proc means n mean std maxdec=1;class dose;var x;run;/* ϕ 䆒䅵ⱘ */proc glm;class expdate no dose;model x=expdate no dose;means dose/snk;run;quit;Џ㽕䕧 㒧dose N Obs N Mean Std DevA 4416.3 4.5B 4422.9 4.4C 4429.011.0D 4435.29.0㒧Source DF Type III SS Mean Square F Value Pr > Fexpdate 3175.142500058.3808333 3.17 0.1064no 3440.1525000146.71750007.98 0.0162dose 3786.5025000262.167500014.25 0.0039ϸϸ↨䕗㒧Means with the same letterare not significantly different.SNK Grouping Mean NdoseA 35.1504DB A 28.9504CB C 22.8754BC 16.2754A⧚ 㒳䅵㸼䞣⯶ ⯶A˖0.32 4 16.34.5B˖0.47 4 22.94.4C˖0.62 4 29.011.0D˖0.77 4 35.29.0˖F=14.25ˈP=0.0039ㅔ㽕䇈 ˖ 䆩偠ⷨお䞛⫼ ∈ ⱘ ϕ 䆒䅵ˈ䆩偠Ё 㗗 њ Ͼ䆩偠 ǃ ⾡㛄 ㋴ 䞣∈ ㄝϝϾ ㋴ˈ ϸϾ ㋴Ў䆩偠 ㋴DŽ㒣㒳䅵 ⼎ˈ њ䆩偠 ǃϡ 㒧 ⱘ ˈϡ 㛄 ㋴ 䞣∈ XXX 㒳䅵 Н˄㾕㸼XXˈF=14.25ˈP=0.0039˅ˈSNK-qẔ偠 䞡↨䕗 ⼎ˈA 䞣㒘˄0.32˅ϢD 䞣㒘˄0.77˅ǃC 䞣㒘˄0.62˅䯈 㒳䅵 Н˄P<0.05˅ˈB 䞣㒘˄0.47˅ϢD 䞣㒘˄0.77˅䯈 㒳䅵 Нˈ 䞣㒘䯈 㒳䅵 НDŽ⾽Ⳍ ˄ㄝ㑻Ⳍ ˅ ⼎ˈ䱣ⴔ㛄 ㋴ 䞣ⱘ ˈXXX ⱘ䍟 ˄s r=0.76ˈP=0.0006˅DŽif dose='A'then dose1=0.32;if dose='B'then dose1=0.47;if dose='C'then dose1=0.62;if dose='D'then dose1=0.77;proc corr spearman;var dose1 x;run;P168˖㄀1乬data a;do row=1to2;do col=1to2;input f@@; output;end;end;cards;25 629 3;proc freq;table row*col/chisq nopercent nocol; weight f;run;Џ㽕㒧 ˖Frequency Row PctTable of row by colcolrow 1 2Total 12580.65619.353122990.6339.3832 Total 54963 Statistics for Table of row by colStatistic DF Value ProbChi-Square 1 1.28070.2578Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square 1 1.30010.2542Continuity Adj. Chi-Square 10.59540.4403Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square 1 1.26040.2616Phi Coefficient-0.1426 Contingency Coefficient0.1412Cramer's V-0.1426 WARNING: 50% of the cells have expected counts lessthan 5. Chi-Square may not be a valid test.Fisher's Exact TestCell (1,1) Frequency (F) 25Left-sided Pr <= F 0.2209Right-sided Pr >= F 0.9334Table Probability (P) 0.1543Two-sided Pr <= P 0.3020Sample Size = 63ㅔ㽕䇈 ˖⊼ Ϟ䴶ⱘ䄺 ĀWARNING: 50% of the cells have expected counts less than 5. Chi-Square may not be avalid test.āˈ䇈 Ẕ偠ϡ䗖⫼ˈℸ 䞛⫼Fisher㊒⹂Ẕ偠ˈFisher's Exact Test ջẔ偠˖P=0.3020ˈ䇈 䖬≵ 䎇 ⱘ⧚⬅䅸Ў⬆Эϸ⊩ⱘ ⥛ DŽP168˖㄀3乬data a;do row=1to2;do col=1to2;input f@@; output;end;end;cards;23 127 8;proc freq;table row*col/agree; /*䜡 */weight f;run;Џ㽕㒧 ˖McNemar's TestStatistic (S) 1.3158DF 1Pr > S 0.2513䇈 ˖䜡 Ẕ偠ˈ McNemar's Testˈ2F=1.3158ˈP=0.2513ˈ䖬ϡ㛑䅸Ў⬆Эϸ⾡ ⱘ DŽP184˖㄀2乬data a;input id before after;cha=before-after;cards;1 336 2582 371 2913 386 3004 364 2855 377 2986 292 3037 288 3128 304 2609 333 33910 302 290;proc means n mean std median clm maxdec=1; var before after cha;run;proc univariate;var cha;run;Џ㽕㒧 ˖Variable N Mean Std Dev Median Lower 95%CL for MeanUpper 95%CL for Meanbefore after cha101010335.3293.641.737.423.744.5334.5294.561.0308.5276.79.9362.1310.573.5Tests for Location: Mu0=0Test Statistic p ValueStudent's t t 2.966313Pr > |t| 0.0158Sign M 2Pr >= |M| 0.3438Signed Rank S 20.5Pr >= |S| 0.0352⧚ 㒳䅵㸼⒊㜆㜆 ԧ UU) ⱘ㊒ ˄10E9/L˅䞣՟ 95%CIUU 10 335.3 37.4 308.5-362.1UU 10 293.6 23.7 276.7-310.510 41.7 44.5 9.9-73.5䜡 ⾽ Ẕ偠˖S=20.5ˈP=0.0352ㅔ 䇈 ˖ ⒊㜆㜆 ԧ(UU) ⱘ㊒ Ў335.3ˈ Ў293.6ˈ ϟ䰡41.7(95%CI˖9.9-73.5)ˈ ㊒ 䰡Ԣ˄S=20.5ˈP=0.0352˅DŽP184˖㄀6乬data a;do row=0to3;do col=1to4;input f@@; output;end;end;cards;1 4 7 53 6 9 710 6 5 57 2 4 1;proc npar1way wilcoxon;class col;var row;freq f;run;Џ㽕㒧 ˖Wilcoxon Scores (Rank Sums) for Variable rowClassified by Variable colcol N Sum ofScoresExpectedUnder H0Std DevUnder H0MeanScore1 211182.50871.5090.58090056.3095242 18700.00747.0085.89903938.8888893 25912.501037.5095.53653836.5000004 18608.00747.0085.89903933.777778Average scores were used for ties.Kruskal-Wallis TestChi-Square 12.2366DF3Pr > Chi-Square 0.0066Kruskal-Wallis HẔ偠㒧 ˖2F=12.2366ˈP=0.0066ˈ䇈 4⾡⮒⮙ 㗙⯄⎆ 䝌 ㉦㒚㚲ⱘㄝ㑻 ϡ DŽ[ҢϞ䴶㸼Ёⱘ ⾽ ҹⳟ ˈ㄀ϔ⾡⮒⮙ 䝌 ㉦㒚㚲ⱘㄝ㑻Ⳍ Ѣ ϝ⾡ ˄䰇 ⿟ ˅DŽℸ䇈⊩ 㒳䅵 ]⊼ ˖ ⶹ䘧 ѯ⮒⮙П䯈ㄝ㑻 ϡ ˈ䳔㽕 ϸϸ↨䕗DŽ˄ ϸ㒘ⱘ ⾽ Ẕ偠ˈ ℷẔ偠∈ alpha˅。

SAS Certificate Base Practice Questions and Detailed Answers Chapter 1: Basic ConceptsChapter 2: Referencing Files and Setting OptionsChapter 3: Editing and Debugging SAS ProgramsChapter 4: Creating List ReportsChapter 5: Creating SAS Data Sets from Raw DataChapter 6: Understanding DATA Step ProcessingChapter 7: Creating and Applying User-Defined FormatsChapter 8: Creating Enhanced List and Summary ReportsChapter 9: Producing Descriptive StatisticsChapter 10: Producing HTML OutputChapter 11: Creating and Managing VariablesChapter 12: Reading SAS Data SetsChapter 13: Combining SAS Data SetsChapter 14: Transforming Data with SAS FunctionsChapter 15: Generating Data with DO LoopsChapter 16: Processing Variables with ArraysChapter 17: Reading Raw Data in Fixed FieldsChapter 18: Reading Free-Format DataChapter 19: Reading Date and Time ValuesChapter 20: Creating a Single Observation from Multiple RecordsChapter 21: Creating Multiple Observations from a Single RecordChapter 22: Reading Hierarchical FilesChapter 1: Basic Concepts Answer Key1.How many observations and variables does the data set below contain?a. 3 observations, 4 variablesb. 3 observations, 3 variablesc. 4 observations, 3 variablesd.can't tell because some values are missingCorrect answer:cRows in the data set are called observations, and columns are called variables. Missing values don't affect the structure of the data set.2.How many program steps are executed when the program below is processed?data user.tables;infile jobs;input date name $ job $;run;proc sort data=user.tables;by name;run;proc print data=user.tables;run;a.threeb.fourc.fived.sixCorrect answer:aWhen it encounters a DATA, PROC, or RUN statement, SAS stops reading statements andexecutes the previous step in the program. The program above contains one DATA step and two PROC steps, for a total of three program steps.3.What type of variable is the variable AcctNum in the data set below?a.numericb.characterc.can be either character or numericd.can't tell from the data shownCorrect answer:bIt must be a character variable, because the values contain letters and underscores, which are not valid characters for numeric values.4.What type of variable is the variable Wear in the data set below?a.numericb.characterc.can be either character or numericd.can't tell from the data shownCorrect answer:aIt must be a numeric variable, because the missing value is indicated by a period rather than by a blank.5.Which of the following variable names is valid?a.4BirthDateb.$Costc._Items_d.Tax-RateCorrect answer:cVariable names follow the same rules as SAS data set names. They can be 1 to 32 characters long, must begin with a letter (A–Z, either uppercase or lowercase) or an underscore, and can continue with any combination of numbers, letters, or underscores.6.Which of the following files is a permanent SAS file?a.Sashelp.PrdSaleb.Sasuser.MySalesc.Profits.Quarter1d.all of the aboveCorrect answer:dTo store a file permanently in a SAS data library, you assign it a libref other than the default Work. For example, by assigning the libref Profits to a SAS data library, you specify that files within the library are to be stored until you delete them. Therefore, SAS files in the Sashelp and Sasuser libraries are permanent files.7.In a DATA step, how can you reference a temporary SAS data set named Forecast?a.Forecastb.Work.Forecastc.Sales.Forecast (after assigning the libref Sales)d.only a and b aboveCorrect answer:dTo reference a temporary SAS file in a DATA step or PROC step, you can specify the one-level name of the file (for example, Forecast) or the two-level name using the libref Work (for example, Work.Forecast).8.What is the default length for the numeric variable Balance?a. 5b. 6c.7d.8Correct answer:dThe numeric variable Balance has a default length of 8. Numeric values (no matter how many digits they contain) are stored in 8 bytes of storage unless you specify a different length.9.How many statements does the following SAS program contain?proc print data=new.prodsalelabel double;var state day price1 price2; where state='NC';label state='Name of State';run;a.threeb.fourc.fived.sixCorrect answer:cThe five statements are•PROC PRINT statement (two lines long)•VAR statement•WHERE statement (on the same line as the VAR statement)•LABEL statement•RUN statement (on the same line as the LABEL statement).10.What is a SAS data library?a. a collection of SAS files, such as SAS data sets and catalogsb.in some operating environments, a physical collection of SAS filesc.in some operating environments, a logically related collection of SAS filesd.all of the aboveCorrect answer:dEvery SAS file is stored in a SAS data library, which is a collection of SAS files, such as SAS data sets and catalogs. In some operating environments, a SAS data library is a physical collection of files. In others, the files are only logically related. In the Windows and UNIX environments, a SAS data library is typically a group of SAS files in the same folder or directory.Chapter 2: Referencing Files and Setting Options1.If you submit the following program, how does the output look?options pagesize=55 nonumber;proc tabulate data=clinic.admit;class actlevel;var age height weight;table actlevel,(age height weight)*mean;run;options linesize=80;proc means data=clinic.heart min max maxdec=1;var arterial heart cardiac urinary;class survive sex;run;a.The PROC MEANS output has a print line width of 80 characters, but the PROCTABULATE output has no print line width.b.The PROC TABULATE output has no page numbers, but the PROC MEANS outputhas page numbers.c.Each page of output from both PROC steps is 55 lines long and has no page numbers,and the PROC MEANS output has a print line width of 80 characters.d.The date does not appear on output from either PROC step.Correct: answer:cWhen you specify a system option, it remains in effect until you change the option or end your SAS session, so both PROC steps generate output that is printed 55 lines per page with no page numbers. If you don't specify a system option, SAS uses the default value for that system option.2.In order for the date values 05May1955 and 04Mar2046 to be read correctly, what value mustthe YEARCUTOFF= option have?a. a value between 1947 and 1954, inclusiveb.1955 or higherc.1946 or higherd.any valueCorrect answer:dAs long as you specify an informat with the correct field width for reading the entire date value, the YEARCUTOFF= option doesn't affect date values that have four-digit years.3.When you specify an engine for a library, you are always specifyinga.the file format for files that are stored in the library.b.the version of SAS that you are using.c.access to other software vendors' files.d.instructions for creating temporary SAS files.Correct answer:aA SAS engine is a set of internal instructions that SAS uses for writing to and reading from files in a SAS library. Each engine specifies the file format for files that are stored in the library, which in turn enables SAS to access files with a particular format. Some engines access SAS files, and other engines support access to other vendors' files.4.Which statement prints a summary of all the files stored in the library named Area51?a.proc contents data=area51._all_ nods;b.proc contents data=area51 _all_ nods;c.proc contents data=area51 _all_ noobs;d.proc contents data=area51 _all_.nods;Correct answer:aTo print a summary of library contents with the CONTENTS procedure, use a period to append the _ALL_ option to the libref. Adding the NODS option suppresses detailed information about the files.5.The following PROC PRINT output was created immediately after PROC TABULATEoutput. Which SAS system options were specified when the report was created?a.OBS=, DATE, and NONUMBERb.PAGENO=1, and DATEc.NUMBER and DATE onlyd.none of the aboveCorrect answer:bClearly, the DATE and PAGENO= options are specified. Because the page number on the output is 1, even though PROC TABULATE output was just produced. If you don't specify PAGENO=, all output in the Output window is numbered sequentially throughout your SAS session.6.Which of the following programs correctly references a SAS data set named SalesAnalysisthat is stored in a permanent SAS library?a.data saleslibrary.salesanalysis;set mydata.quarter1sales;if sales>100000;run;b.data mysales.totals;set sales_99.salesanalysis;if totalsales>50000;run;c.proc print data=salesanalysis.quarter1;var sales salesrep month;run;d.proc freq data=1999data.salesanalysis;tables quarter*sales; run;Correct answer:bLibrefs must be 1 to 8 characters long, must begin with a letter or underscore, and can contain only letters, numbers, or underscores. After you assign a libref, you specify it as the first element in the two-level name for a SAS file.7.Which time span is used to interpret two-digit year values if the YEARCUTOFF= option isset to 1950?a.1950-2049b.1950-2050c.1949-2050d.1950-2000Correct answer:aThe YEARCUTOFF= option specifies which 100-year span is used to interpret two-digit year values. The default value of YEARCUTOFF= is 1920. However, you can override the default and change the value of YEARCUTOFF= to the first year of another 100-year span. If you specify YEARCUTOFF=1950, then the 100-year span will be from 1950 to 2049.8.Asssuming you are using SAS code and not special SAS windows, which one of thefollowing statements is false?a.LIBNAME statements can be stored with a SAS program to reference the SAS libraryautomatically when you submit the program.b.When you delete a libref, SAS no longer has access to the files in the library.However, the contents of the library still exist on your operating system.c.Librefs can last from one SAS session to another.d.You can access files that were created with other vendors' software by submitting aLIBNAME statement.Correct answer:cThe LIBNAME statement is global, which means that librefs remain in effect until you modify them, cancel them, or end your SAS session. Therefore, the LIBNAME statement assigns the libref for the current SAS session only. You must assign a libref before accessingSAS files that are stored in a permanent SAS data library.9.What does the following statement do?libname osiris spss 'c:\myfiles\sasdata\data';a.defines a library called Spss using the OSIRIS engineb.defines a library called Osiris using the SPSS enginec.defines two libraries called Osiris and Spss using the default engined.defines the default library using the OSIRIS and SPSS enginesCorrect answer:bIn the LIBNAME statement, you specify the library name before the engine name. Both are followed by the path.10.What does the following OPTIONS statement do?options pagesize=15 nodate;a.suppresses the date and limits the page size of the logb.suppresses the date and limits the vertical page size for text outputc.suppresses the date and limits the vertical page size for text and HTML outputd.suppresses the date and limits the horizontal page size for text outputCorrect answer:bThese options affect the format of listing output only. NODATE suppresses the date and PAGESIZE= determines the number of rows to print on the page.Chapter 3: Editing and Debugging SAS Programs Answer Key1.As you write and edit SAS programs it's a good idea toa.begin DATA and PROC steps in column one.b.indent statements within a step.c.begin RUN statements in column one.d.all of the aboveCorrect answer:dAlthough you can write SAS statements in almost any format, a consistent layout enhances readability and enables you to understand the program's purpose. It's a good idea to begin DATA and PROC steps in column one, to indent statements within a step, to begin RUN statements in column one, and to include a RUN statement after every DATA step or PROC step.2.What usually happens when an error is detected?a.SAS continues processing the step.b.SAS continues to process the step, and the log displays messages about the error.c.SAS stops processing the step in which the error occurred, and the log displaysmessages about the error.d.SAS stops processing the step in which the error occurred, and the program outputdisplays messages about the error.Correct answer:cSyntax errors generally cause SAS to stop processing the step in which the error occurred. When a program that contains an error is submitted, messages regarding the problem also appear in the SAS log. When a syntax error is detected, the SAS log displays the word ERROR, identifies the possible location of the error, and gives an explanation of the error.3. A syntax error occurs whena.some data values are not appropriate for the SAS statements that are specified in aprogram.b.the form of the elements in a SAS statement is correct, but the elements are not validfor that usage.c.program statements do not conform to the rules of the SAS language.d.none of the aboveCorrect canswer:Syntax errors are common types of errors. Some SAS system options, features of the Editorwindow, and the DATA step debugger can help you identify syntax errors. Other types oferrors include data errors, semantic errors, and execution-time errors.4.How can you tell whether you have specified an invalid option in a SAS program?a. A log message indicates an error in a statement that seems to be valid.b. A log message indicates that an option is not valid or not recognized.c.The message "PROC running" or "DATA step running" appears at the top of theactive window.d.You can't tell until you view the output from the program.Correct answer:bWhen you submit a SAS statement that contains an invalid option, a log message notifies you that the option is not valid or not recognized. You should recall the program, remove or replace the invalid option, check your statement syntax as needed, and resubmit the corrected program.5.Which of the following programs contains a syntax error?Correct answer:bThe DATA step contains a misspelled keyword (dat instead of data). However, this is such a common (and easily interpretable) error that SAS produces only a warning message, not an error.6.What does the following log indicate about your program?proc print data=sasuser.cargo99var origin dest cargorev;2276ERROR 22-322: Syntax error, expecting one of the following:;, (, DATA, DOUBLE, HEADING, LABEL, N, NOOBS, OBS, ROUND, ROWS, SPLIT, STYLE,UNIFORM, WIDTH.ERROR 76-322: Syntax error, statement will be ignored.11 run;a.SAS identifies a syntax error at the position of the VAR statement.b.SAS is reading VAR as an option in the PROC PRINT statement.c.SAS has stopped processing the program because of errors.d.all of the aboveCorrect answer:dBecause there is a missing semicolon at the end of the PROC PRINT statement, SAS interprets VAR as an option in PROC PRINT and finds a syntax error at that location. SAS stops processing programs when it encounters a syntax error.Chapter 4: Creating List Reports Answer Key 1.Which PROC PRINT step below creates the following output?Correct answer:cThe DATA= option specifies the data set that you are listing, and the ID statement replaces the Obs column with the specified variable. The VAR statement specifies variables and controls the order in which they appear, and the WHERE statement selects rows based on a condition. The LABEL option in the PROC PRINT statement causes the labels that are specified in the LABEL statement to be displayed.2.Which of the following PROC PRINT steps is correct if labels are not stored with thedata set?Correct aanswer:You use the DATA= option to specify the data set to be printed. The LABEL optionspecifies that variable labels appear in output instead of variable names.3.Which of the following statements selects from a data set only those observations forwhich the value of the variable Style is RANCH, SPLIT, or TWOSTORY?Correct answer:dIn the WHERE statement, the IN operator enables you to select observations based on several values. You specify values in parentheses and separate them by spaces or commas. Character values must be enclosed in quotation marks and must be in the same case as in the data set.4.If you want to sort your data and create a temporary data set named Calc to store thesorted data, which of the following steps should you submit?Correct answer:cIn a PROC SORT step, you specify the DATA= option to specify the data set to sort. The OUT= option specifies an output data set. The required BY statement specifies the variable(s) to use in sorting the data.5.Which options are used to create the following PROC PRINT output?13:27 Monday, March 22, 1999 Patient Arterial Heart Cardiac Urinary203 88 95 66 11054 83 183 95 0664 72 111 332 12210 74 97 369 0101 80 130 291 0a.the DATE system option and the LABEL option in PROC PRINTb.the DATE and NONUMBER system options and the DOUBLE and NOOBSoptions in PROC PRINTc.the DATE and NONUMBER system options and the DOUBLE option inPROC PRINTd.the DATE and NONUMBER system options and the NOOBS option in PROCPRINTCorrect answer:bThe DATE and NONUMBER system options cause the output to appear with the date but without page numbers. In the PROC PRINT step, the DOUBLE option specifies double spacing, and the NOOBS option removes the default Obs column.6.Which of the following statements can you use in a PROC PRINT step to create thisoutput?Correct answer:dYou do not need to name the variables in a VAR statement if you specify them in the SUM statement, but you can. If you choose not to name the variables in the VAR statement as well, then the SUM statement determines the order of the variables in the output.7.What happens if you submit the following program?proc sort data=clinic.diabetes;run;proc print data=clinic.diabetes;var age height weight pulse;where sex='F';run;a.The PROC PRINT step runs successfully, printing observations in their sortedorder.b.The PROC SORT step permanently sorts the input data set.c.The PROC SORT step generates errors and stops processing, but the PROCPRINT step runs successfully, printing observations in their original (unsorted)order.d.The PROC SORT step runs successfully, but the PROC PRINT step generateserrors and stops processing.Correct answer:cThe BY statement is required in PROC SORT. Without it, the PROC SORT step fails. However, the PROC PRINT step prints the original data set as requested.8.If you submit the following program, which output does it create?proc sort data=finance.loans out=work.loans;by months amount;run;proc print data=work.loans noobs; var months;sum amount payment;where months<360;run;a.b.c.d.Correct answer:aColumn totals appear at the end of the report in the same format as the values of the variables, so b is incorrect. Work.Loans is sorted by Month and Amount, so c isincorrect. The program sums both Amount and Payment, so d is incorrect.9.Choose the statement below that selects rows which•the amount is less than or equal to $5000•the account is 101-1092 or the rate equals 0.095.Correct answer:cTo ensure that the compound expression is evaluated correctly, you can use parentheses to groupaccount='101-1092' or rate eq 0.095OBS Account Amount Rate MonthsPayment1 101-1092 $22,000 10.00%60 $467.432 101-1731 $114,0009.50% 360 $958.573 101-1289 $10,000 10.50%36 $325.024 101-3144 $3,500 10.50%12 $308.525 103-1135 $8,700 10.50%24 $403.476 103-1994 $18,500 10.00%60 $393.077 103-2335 $5,000 10.50%48 $128.028 103-3864 $87,500 9.50% 360 $735.759 103-3891 $30,000 9.75% 360 $257.75For example, from the data set above, a and b above select observations 2 and 8 (those that have a rate of 0.095); c selects no observations; and d selects observations 4 and 7 (those that have an amount less than or equal to 5000).10.What does PROC PRINT display by default?a.PROC PRINT does not create a default report; you must specify the rows andcolumns to be displayed.b.PROC PRINT displays all observations and variables in the data set. If youwant an additional column for observation numbers, you can request it.c.PROC PRINT displays columns in the following order: a column forobservation numbers, all character variables, and all numeric variables.d.PROC PRINT displays all observations and variables in the data set, a columnfor observation numbers on the far left, and variables in the order in which they occur in the data set.Correct answer:dYou can remove the column for observation numbers. You can also specify the variables you want, and you can select observations according to conditions.Chapter 5: Creating SAS Data Sets from Raw Data Answer Key1.Which SAS statement associates the fileref Crime with the raw data fileC:\States\Data\Crime?a.filename crime 'c:\states\data\crime';b.filename crime c:\states\data\crime;c.fileref crime 'c:\states\data\crime';d.filename 'c:\states\data\crime' crime; Correct aanswer:Before you can read your raw data, you must reference the raw data file by creating afileref. You assign a fileref by using a FILENAME statement in the same way thatyou assign a libref by using a LIBNAME statement.2.Filerefs remain in effect untila.you change them.b.you cancel them.c.you end your SAS session.d.all of the aboveCorrect answer:dLike LIBNAME statements, FILENAME statements are global; they remain in effect until you change them, cancel them, or end your SAS session.3.Which statement identifies the name of a raw data file to be read with the filerefProducts and specifies that the DATA step read only records 1-15?a.infile products obs 15;b.infile products obs=15;c.input products obs=15;d.input products 1-15;Correct answer:bYou use an INFILE statement to specify the raw data file to be read. You can specify a fileref or an actual filename (in quotation marks). The OBS= option in the INFILE statement enables you to process only records 1 through n.4.Which of the following programs correctly writes the observations from the data setbelow to a raw data file?Correct answer:dThe keyword _NULL_ in the DATA statement enables you to use the power of the DATA step without actually creating a SAS data set. You use the FILE and PUT statements to write out the observations from a SAS data set to a raw data file. The FILE statement specifies the raw data file and the PUT statement describes the lines towrite to the raw data file. The filename and location that are specified in the FILE statement must be enclosed in quotation marks.5.Which raw data file can be read using column input?a.b.c.d.all of the aboveCorrect answer:bColumn input is appropriate only in some situations. When you use column input, your data must be standard character or numeric values, and they must be in fixed fields. That is, values for a particular variable must be in the same location in all records.6.Which program creates the output shown below?Correct answer:aThe INPUT statement creates a variable using the name that you assign to each field. Therefore, when you write an INPUT statement, you need to specify the variable names exactly as you want them to appear in the SAS data set.7.Which statement correctly reads the fields in the following order: StockNumber,Price, Item, Finish, Style?Field Name Start Column End Column Data TypeStockNumber 1 3 characterFinish 5 9 characterStyle 11 18 characterItem 20 24 characterPrice 27 32 numericCorrec t answer:bYou can use column input to read fields in any order. You must specify the variable name to be created, identify character values with a $, and name the correct starting column and ending column for each field.8.Which statement correctly re-defines the values of the variable Income as 100percent higher?a.income=income*1.00;b.income=income+(income*2.00);c.income=income*2;d.income=*2;Correct answer:cTo re-define the values of the variable Income in an Assignment statement, you specify the variable name on the left side of the equal sign and an appropriate expression including the variable name on the right side of the equal sign.9.Which program correctly reads instream data?a.data finance.newloan;input datalines;if country='JAPAN';MonthAvg=amount/12;1998 US CARS 194324.121998 US TRUCKS 142290.301998 CANADA CARS 10483.441998 CANADA TRUCKS 93543.641998 MEXICO CARS 22500.571998 MEXICO TRUCKS 10098.881998 JAPAN CARS 15066.431998 JAPAN TRUCKS 40700.34;b.data finance.newloan;input Year 1-4 Country $ 6-11Vehicle $ 13-18 Amount 20-28;if country='JAPAN';MonthAvg=amount/12;datalines;run;c.data finance.newloan;input Year 1-4 Country 6-11Vehicle 13-18 Amount 20-28;if country='JAPAN';MonthAvg=amount/12;datalines;1998 US CARS 194324.121998 US TRUCKS 142290.301998 CANADA CARS 10483.441998 CANADA TRUCKS 93543.641998 MEXICO CARS 22500.571998 MEXICO TRUCKS 10098.881998 JAPAN CARS 15066.431998 JAPAN TRUCKS 40700.34;d.data finance.newloan;input Year 1-4 Country $ 6-11Vehicle $ 13-18 Amount 20-28;if country='JAPAN';MonthAvg=amount/12;datalines;1998 US CARS 194324.121998 US TRUCKS 142290.301998 CANADA CARS 10483.441998 CANADA TRUCKS 93543.641998 MEXICO CARS 22500.571998 MEXICO TRUCKS 10098.881998 JAPAN CARS 15066.431998 JAPAN TRUCKS 40700.34;Correct answer:dTo read instream data, you specify a DATALINES statement and data lines, followed by a null statement (single semicolon) to indicate the end of the input data. Program a contains no DATALINES statement, and the INPUT statement doesn't specify the fields to read. Program b contains no data lines, and the INPUT statement in program c doesn't specify the necessary dollar signs for the character variables Country and Vehicle.10.Which SAS statement subsets the raw data shown below so that only the observationsin which Sex (in the second field) has a value of F are processed?a.if sex=f;b.if sex=F;c.if sex='F';d. a or bCorrect answer:cTo subset data, you can use a subsetting IF statement in any DATA step to process only those observations that meet a specified condition. Because Sex is a character variable, the value F must be enclosed in quotation marks and must be in the same case as in the data set.Chapter 6: Understanding DATA Step Processing Answer Key1.Which of the following is not created during the compilation phase?。

SAS练习题一、基础操作类1. 如何在SAS中创建一个数据集？2. 请写出SAS中读取外部数据文件的语句。

3. 如何在SAS中查看数据集的结构？4. 如何在SAS中对数据集进行排序？5. 请写出SAS中合并两个数据集的语句。

6. 如何在SAS中删除一个数据集？7. 请简述SAS中变量的命名规则。

8. 如何在SAS中修改数据集的属性？9. 请写出SAS中创建临时数据集和永久数据集的语句。

10. 如何在SAS中导入和导出Excel文件？二、数据处理类1. 如何在SAS中对缺失值进行处理？2. 请写出SAS中计算变量总和、平均数、最大值和最小值的语句。

3. 如何在SAS中进行条件筛选？4. 请简述SAS中日期和时间的处理方法。

5. 如何在SAS中实现数据的分组汇总？6. 请写出SAS中创建新变量的语句。

7. 如何在SAS中进行数据类型转换？8. 请写出SAS中替换变量值的语句。

9. 如何在SAS中实现数据的横向连接和纵向连接？10. 请简述SAS中数组的使用方法。

三、统计分析类1. 如何在SAS中进行单因素方差分析？2. 请写出SAS中进行t检验的语句。

3. 如何在SAS中计算相关系数？4. 请简述SAS中回归分析的基本步骤。

5. 如何在SAS中进行主成分分析？6. 请写出SAS中进行聚类分析的语句。

7. 如何在SAS中实现时间序列分析？8. 请简述SAS中生存分析的基本概念。

9. 如何在SAS中进行非参数检验？10. 请简述SAS中多重响应分析的方法。

四、图形绘制类1. 如何在SAS中绘制直方图？2. 请写出SAS中绘制散点图的语句。

3. 如何在SAS中绘制饼图？4. 请简述SAS中绘制箱线图的方法。

5. 如何在SAS中绘制条形图？6. 请写出SAS中绘制折线图的语句。

7. 如何在SAS中设置图表的颜色和样式？8. 请简述SAS中绘制雷达图的方法。

9. 如何在SAS中实现图表的交互功能？10. 请简述SAS中图表导出的方法。