2014年考研英语阅读理解练习题五

2014考研试题及答案2014年的考研试题是很多考生备考时关注的焦点之一。

在这篇文章中，我们将为你提供2014年考研试题的一些相关信息，以及相应的答案。

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一、英语试题Section I Use of English1. George is an honest person, and you can always take his word. He always ______________ what he has said.【答案】 means2. When Queen Elizabeth II visited China in 1986, relations between the two countries _______________ warmer.【答案】 grew3. After his wife passed away, Mr. Smith has lived _______________ ever since.【答案】 alone4. The experimental results proved that the new drug is________________ effective in treating cancer.【答案】 extremelySection II Reading ComprehensionPassage 1:【题目】What is the main topic of the passage?【答案】The benefits of drinking green tea.Passage 2:According to the passage, why are bees dying in large numbers?【答案】Due to the excessive use of pesticides.Passage 3:【题目】What is the author's main argument in the passage?【答案】Social media is a double-edged sword that can both connect and isolate people.二、政治学试题1. 有关全球化的理论，以下哪个选项是正确的？A. 全球化代表了贫富差距的增加。

2014考研英语一测试题五Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)America's Federal Reserve cut interest rates by another quarter-point,to3.75%.Wall Street,which had been 1for a sixth half-point cut,was disappointed.The Dow fell by2%2the week.The past week's economic statistics gave mixed signals.Exports dropped by2%in both March and April,largely3a decline in high-tech investment4;the merchandise-trade5widened to$458billion in the12 months6April.7,The Conference Board's index of consumer confidence was higher than 8in June.Concerns9inflation in the euro area10.Preliminary data11that German consumer-price inflation fell to3.1%in the year to June,from3.5%in May;wage growth12to1.4% in April,a real pay cut of1.5%.Some economists fear that Germany is on the13of recession.The IFO index of business confidence dropped more14than expected in May,and the institute has cut its forecast of GDP15this year to only1.2%,well16the German government's forecast of 2%.The euro area's current-account deficit narrowed to$30billion in the12months to April.Britain's deficit in the first quarter was its smallest171998,18record investment income.There was more bad news from Japan,19retail sales in large stores fell by3.2%in May,the37th consecutive monthly fall.The yen fell20the dollar,touching almost Yen125On one point.1. A.expecting B.hoping C.wishing D.dreaming2. A.in B.above C.during D.about3. A.because of B.since C.because D.thanks to4. A.at home B.home C.from abroad D.abroad5. A.deficit B.shortage C.scarcity D.shortfall6. A.to B.until C.up D.onto7. A.Although B.Therefore C.However D.Hence8. A.projected B.planned C.predicted D.expected9. A.on B.for C.of D.over10. A.stopped B.eased C.relieved D.improved11. A.showed B.demonstrated C.illustrated D.explained12. A.reduced B.cut C.slow D.lessened13. A.edge B.rim C.lip D.brink14. A.harshly B.huskily C.strictly D.severely15. A.growth B.rise C.increase D.escalation16. A.above B.below C.high D.low17. A.after B.since C.until D.towards18. A.owe to B.because of C.on account of D.thanks to19. A.where B.which C.what D.who20. A.in opposition to B.opposed to C.against D.versusSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ATEXT1It was a little weird at first,Erin Tobin said,seeing Harry Potter right there on the stage without his pants,or indeed any of his clothes.Not actually Harry Potter,of course,since his is fictional,but the next best thing:Daniel Radcliffe,who plays him in the movies.Now17,Mr.Radcliffe has cast off his wand,his broomstick and everything else to appear in the West End revival of Peter Shaffer's"Equus."He stars as Alan Strang,a disturbed young man who,in a distinctly un-Harry-Potterish moment of frenzied psychosexual madness,blinds six horses with a hoof pick.To make it clear what audiences are in for,at least in part,photographs of Mr.Radcliffe's buff torso,stripped almost to the groin,have been used to advertise the production.It is as jarring as if,say,Anne Hathaway suddenly announced that instead of playing sweet-natured princesses and fashion-world ingénues,she wanted to appear onstage as a nude,murderous prostitute.To explain how is surprising the change of Radcliffe to the audience,the author mentions Anne"Equus" opened last week,and the consensus so far is that Mr.Radcliffe has successfully extricated himself from his cinematic alter ego.Considering that playing Harry Potter is practically all he has done in his career,this is no small achievement."I think he's a really good actor,and I sort of forgot about Harry Potter,"said Ophelia Oates,14,who saw the play over the weekend."Anyway,you can't be Harry Potter forever."In The Daily Telegraph,Charles Spencer said that"Daniel Radcliffe brilliantly succeeds in throwing off the mantle of Harry Potter,announcing himself as a thrilling stage actor of unexpected depth and range."Mr.Radcliffe told The Daily Telegraph that"I thought it would be a bad idea to wait till the Potter films were all finished to do something else."There are still a few to go.The fifth,"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix,"is scheduled for release on July13,and Mr.Radcliffe has signed on for the final two installments as well.(Meanwhile,the seventh and last book in the series,"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows,"will hit stores on July21.)Harry and Alan could not be more dissimilar as characters,even if both"come from quite weird backgrounds,"as13-year-old Ella Pitt,another recent theatergoer,put it.(And no,she declared,she was not too young for all the nakedness,swearing and sexuality.)Both characters have unresolved issues relating to their parents:Harry,because his are dead,and Alan,because his have driven him insane.But when it comes to romance,for instance,the celluloid Harry has yet to kiss a girl:the big moment comes in the forthcoming film.Meanwhile,Alan in"Equus"not only engages in some serious equi-erotic nuzzling with an actor playing a horse,but is also onstage,fully nude,for10minutes,during which he nearly has sex with an equally naked young woman.21.The author's mentioning of Hathaway is a________.A.simileparisonC.hyperboleD.analogy22.The word"extricated"(Line2,Para.4)implies________.A.rescuedB.freedC.clearedD.extracted23.The audience's response to the new image of"Harry Potter"is________.A.negativeB.positiveC.indifferentD.none of the above24.The two dissimilar characters,i.e.Harry and Alan are common in that________.A.they are both weirdB.their parents are weirdC.they have unresolved issuesD.they have weird families25.The best title for this passage is________.A."Harry Porter"Is DisappearingB.The Naked"Harry Porter"C.The Successful Change of"Harry Porter"D."Harry Porter"in"Enquus"TEXT2Uruguay has been a proud exception to the privatizing wave that swept through South America in the1990s. Its state-owned firms are more efficient that many of their counterparts in Argentina and Brazil ever were.In1992, Uruguayans voted in a referendum against privatizing telecoms.They rightly observe that some of Argentina's sales were smashed,creating inefficient private monopolies.And with unemployment at15%,nobody is enthusiastic about the job cuts privatization would involve.That leaves President Jorge Batlle with a problem.Uruguay has been in recession for the past two years, mainly because of low prices for its agricultural exports,and because of Argentina's woes.But public debt is at 45%of GDP,and rising.Some economists argue that privatization would give a boost to the economy,by attracting foreign investment,and by lowering costs.CERES,a think-tank,having compared tariffs for public services in Uruguay and its neighbors,believes liberalization could save businesses and households the equivalent of4%GDP annually,raise growth and produce a net45,000jobs.The polls that show continuing support for public ownership also show growing opposition to monopolies. So Mr.Batlle plans to keep the state firms,but let private ones either compete with them or bid to operate their services under contract.The opposition Broad Front and the trade unions are resisting.They have gathered enough signatures to demand a"public consultation"next month on a new law to allow private operators in the ports and railway—a referendum on whether to hold a referendum on the issue.Alberto Bension,the finance minister,admits the vote will be a crucial indicator of how far the government can push.But he notes that,since1992,attempts to overturn laws by calling referendums have flopped.The liberalization of telecoms has already begun.Bell South,an American firm,is the first private cell-phone operator.There are plans to license others,and talk of allowing competition for fixed-line telephones.A new law allows private companies to import gas from Argentina to generate electricity in competition with the state utility. Another play would strip Another plan would strip Ancap,the state oil firm,of its monopoly of imports.It has already been allowed to seek a private partner to modernize its refinery.Harder tasks lie ahead.The state-owned banks are burdened with problem loans to farmers and home owners. And Mr.Batlle shows no appetite for cutting the bureaucracy.After a year in office,the president is popular.He has created a cross-party commission to investigate"disappearances"during Uruguay's military dictatorship of1976-85.The unions are weakened by unemployment. At CERES,Ernesto Talvi argues that Mr.Batlle should note his own strength,and push ahead more boldly.But that is not the Uruguayan way.26.Uruguay in the1990s________.A.moved in the privatizing waveB.adopted the same measure as that of ArgentinaC.sticked to its old economic modeD.developed very slowly27.What can we infer from the first four paragraphs?A.Uruguay has been always trying to join in the privatizing wave.B.Economists argue that privatization is an efficient way to boost Uruguay's GDP.C.Mr.Battle plans to privatize the country's economy completely.D.The opposition Broad Front is in favor of privatization.28.The fifth paragraph suggests that________.A.Bell South is built up in1982B.There has been no law to regulate the electricityC.Ancap may modernize its refinery with the help of a private partnerD.Liberalization makes the economy slack29.What does the author mean by"flopped"(last line,Para.4)?A.succeededB.failedC.followedD.provoked30.Which one is TRUE according to the passage?A.Privatization is thriving in Uruguay.B.Now,referenda have less strength to change some laws.C.Uruguayan people are satisfied with the government's actions with regard to the economy.D.The President is managing to keep the state companies efficient.TEXT3Even at the Vatican,not all sacred beliefs are absolute:Thou shalt not kill,but war can be just.Now,behind the quiet walls,a clash is shaping up involving two poles of near certainty:the church's long-held ban on condoms and its advocacy of human life.The issue is AIDS.Church officials recently confirmed that Pope Benedict XVI had requested a report on whether it might be acceptable for Catholics to use condoms in one narrow circumstance:to protect life inside a marriage when one partner is infected with H.I.V.or is sick with AIDS.Whatever the pope decides,church officials and other experts broadly agree that it is remarkable that so delicate an issue is being taken up.But they also agree that such an inquiry is logical,and particularly significant from this pope,who was Pope John Paul II's strict enforcer of church doctrine."In some ways,maybe he has got the greatest capacity to do it because there is no doubt about his orthodoxy,"said the Rev.Jon Fuller,a Jesuit physician who runs an AIDS clinic at the Boston Medical Center.The issue has surfaced repeatedly as one of the most complicated and delicate facing the church.For years,some influential cardinals and theologians have argued for a change for couples affected by AIDS in the name of protecting life,while others have fiercely attacked the possibility as demoting the church's long advocacy of abstinence and marital fidelity to fight the disease.The news broke just after Benedict celebrated his first anniversary as pope,a relatively quiet papal year.But he devoted his first encyclical to love,specifically between a man and a woman in marriage.Indeed,with regard to condoms,the only change apparently being considered is in the specific case of married couples.But any change would be unpopular with conservative Catholics,some of faith than he did when he was still Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger,the papal adviser."It's just hard to imagine that any pope—and this pope—would change the teaching,"said Austin Ruse, president of the Culture of Life Foundation,a Catholic-oriented advocacy group in Washington that opposes abortion and contraception.It is too soon to know where the pope is heading.Far less contentious issues can take years to inch through the Vatican's nexus of belief and bureaucracy,prayer and politics,and Cardinal Javier Lozano Barragán,the pope's top aide on health care issues,and other officials declined requests for interviews.31.By the first sentence in the first paragraph,the author actually means________.A.the war can be supported by the churchB.the Vatican is always telling a lieC.some doctrines of the church are not so unchangeableD.people may do as they like32.The request from Pope Benedict XVI is particularly significant because________.A.this pope strictly executed the Catholic doctrineB.this pope is powerfulC.this pope has been against the use of condoms all the timeD.This pope has been assisted the advocacy of human life33.The word"demoting"(Line3,Para.5)________.A.degradingB.opposingC.supportingD.changing34.This issue is so complicated because________.A.the pope has no capacity to deal with itB.it involve two poles of near certaintyC.it may affect the pope's orthodoxyD.there are two parties on this issue in the church35.According to the passage,the pope probably will________.A.change the doctrine about the use of condomsB.give up his new ideasC.still carrying out the church beliefsD.None of the aboveTEXT4Healthy soda?That may strike some as an oxymoron.But for Coca-Cola and PepsiCo,it's a marketing opportunity.In coming months,both companies will introduce new carbonated drinks that are fortified with vitamins and minerals:Diet Coke Plus and Tava,which is PepsiCo's new offering.They will be promoted as"sparklingbeverages."The companies are not calling them soft drinks because people are turning away from traditional soda, which has been hurt in part by publicity about its link to obesity.While the soda business remains a$68billion industry in the United States,consumers are increasingly reaching for bottled water,sparkling juices and green tea drinks.In2005,the amount of soda sold in this country dropped for the first in recent history.Even the diet soda business has slowed.Coca-Cola's chief executive,E.Neville Isdell,clearly frustrated that his industry has been singled out in the obesity debate,insisted at a recent conference that his diet products should be included in the health and wellness category because,with few or no calories,they are a logical answer to expanding waistlines."Diet and light brands are actually health and wellness brands,"Mr.Isdell said.He asserted that Diet Coke Plus was a way to broaden the category to attract new consumers.Tom Pirko,president of Bevmark,a food and beverage consulting firm,said it was"a joke"to market artificially sweetened soft drinks as healthy,even if they were fortified with vitamins and minerals.Research by his firm and others shows that consumers think of diet soft drinks as"the antithesis of healthy,"he said.These consumers"Comment on putting something synthetic and not natural into their bodies when they consume diet colas,"Mr.Pirko said."And in the midst of a health and welfare boom,that ain't good."The idea of healthy soda is not entirely new.In2004,Cadbury Schweppes caused a stir when it unveiled7Up Plus,a low-calorie soda fortified with vitamins and st year,Cadbury tried to extend the healthy halo over its regular7Up brand by labeling it"100percent natural."But the company changed the label to"100percent natural flavor"after complaints from a nutrition group that a product containing high-fructose corn syrup should not be considered natural,and7Up Plus has floundered.The new fortified soft drinks earned grudging approval from Michael F.Jacobson,executive director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest,A nutrition advocacy group and frequent critic of regular soft drinks, which it has labeled"liquid candy."A survey by Morgan Stanley found that only10percent of consumers interviewed in2006considered diet colas a healthy choice,compared with14percent in2003.Furthermore,30percent of the consumers who were interviewed last year said that they were reluctant to drink beverages with artificial sweeteners,up from21 percent in2004.36.Coca-Cola and PepsiCo call their new drinks"sparkling beverages"instead of"soft drinks"because_______.A.the new name sounds more brilliant and attracts more peopleB.the old name reminds people that they may cause people adding weightC.the new drinks are fortified with vitamins and mineralsD.people are turning away from traditional soda37.The sentence"with few or no calories,they are a logical answer to expanding waistlines"(Para.4)means ________.A.they can give a reasonable answer to waistlinesB.they are the logical reason of make people expand waistlinesC.they will not cause obesity since they have few or no caloriesD.it is logical that they may expand people's waistlines38.Tom Pirko's attitude on promoting the soft drinks as healthy is________.A.jokingB.positiveC.negativeD.indifferent39.The word"floundered"(Line6,Para.7)implies________.A.stumbledB.struggledC.flusteredD.troubled40.The data in the last paragraph implies________.A.the soft drinks will be singled out in the near futureB.the marketing opportunities for these companies are not successfulC.people are paying more and more attention to their healthD.people think the soft drink is not healthyPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For Questions41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-E to fill in each numbered box.The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in boxes.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)[A]The rise of a tycoon who is fond of America and South Africa,and who prints English slogans on his bottles of milk and mineral water,is a snub to Mr.Ratsiraka.The president,who has dominated politics since1975—with a few years'absence in the mid-1990s—steers close to France,the former colonial power.He has been unwell,and spends much of his time having medical treatment in Paris.His government,predictably,is accused of widespread corruption.But he offers stability—and declares that"any other president"would usher in years of uncertainty.[B]Mr.Ratsiraka might indeed feel aggrieved if he did lose power just as the economy is coming right.After a two-decade spell as a socialist,then a few years of exile,he bounced back into the presidency in1996to impose austere neo-liberal reforms.These are now paying off.Many people are still desperately badly off,living in villages without roads,electricity or doctors.But,according to an optimistic IMF report on December13th,the economy may turn out to have enjoyed6.7%growth this year and inflation is low.[C]In a high turnout,he took nearly80%of the votes in the capital,and well over half in other cities.Results from the less susceptible countryside are slowly coming in.They narrow the gap,but he still seems to have a chance of either beating the incumbent,Didier Ratsiraka,outright or facing him in a run-off next year.[D]A swelling flow of tourists comes to the island to see its rainforests,lemurs and tropical beaches.Sales of textiles to America are doing well,thanks to tariff reductions there.And,in the past few years,Asian investors have opened dozens of factories in special export zones around the capital.Mr.Ratsiraka has managed to negotiate debt relief that almost halves the amount the country spends on servicing its debts.It is thus able to spend a bit more on schools and hospitals.Incomes in the cities are clearly up.A good rice harvest this year,and the absence of cyclones,has eased hunger in the countryside.[E]As mayor,Mr.Ravalomanana won many citizens'hearts by cleaning up the capital,and seeing to new roads and street lighting.He oversaw a building boom,the rise of a dozen flashy new supermarkets,more policemen on the streets and cut in crime.He is known in the country at large,too,thanks to his Tiko food empire,which delivers yoghurt and other good things to Madagascar's emerging middle class.His-face is everywhere on T-shirts, baseball caps and bags—all parts of a slick campaign that was helped along by his own radio and televisionstations.His Christian fervour,and his job on a council of Protestant churches,have also helped him,especially among the rural poor.[F]All this is rare good news for Africa.Might it be risked if there were a change of president?Some point to possible ethnic tension:Mr.Ravalomanana is from the highland Imerina people,who have a mix of Asian-settler and African blood,who have never before held political office over the blacker coastal communities.Others worry that he will have little support in parliament,and that his business career has not prepared him for political compromises.A bigger concern,perhaps,is that he might not seriously undertake to spread the good times enjoyed in the capital into the impoverished countryside.[G]Excitement is in the air in Madagascar,a vast island of15m people off the east coast of Africa.On December 16th,its voters trudged to the polls from their homes in highland towns and remote forest villages to pick a president.Many favoured Marc Ravalomanana,a tycoon who is also the handsome young mayor of the capital, Antananarivo.Order:Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2.(10points)AMGEN,the world's biggest biotechnology company,made its fortune from a drug that fortifies the blood of patients who are undergoing dialysis.On December17th,the California company acquired some new blood of its own with the purchase of Immunex,a Seattle-based biotechnology company,for$16billion.This deal,a biotech-industry record,gives Amgen a firm footing in the multibillion-dollar market in inflammation control.Immunex's most profitable product is Enbrel,a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.(46) Amgen hopes to triple the drug's sales to more than$3billion by2005,widening its use to other diseases and overcoming manufacturing constraints that have kept the drug in short supply.With this takeover,Immunex passes from one parent to another.American Home Products(AHP)holds41% of the shares,and has given the firm sales and marketing support.(47)But AHP(American Household Products) has been selling down its stake since last year,in part to finance a$3.8billion settlement of claims against its diet drugs.(48)Although Amgen calls itself a biotech company,its market capitalisation of around$62billion makes it larger than Pharmacia and several other well-known mainstream drug companies,traditionally considered the big brothers of biotech.But Amgen likes to think of itself as less bureaucratic and more entrepreneurial than its pharmaceutical brethren,and it is free of such big-pharma woes as imminent patent expiry.(49)However,as Joseph Dougherty,a biotech analyst at Lehman Brothers,points out,Amgen will find it hard to retain the freedom of its youth as it strives to expand its sales by more than30%a year.Historically,pharmaceutical companies have used their deep pockets to buy biotech companies.Now, increasingly,biotech companies are buying each other(see chart).Such industry consolidation is Young.(50) Companies are pooling their resources to build scale in research and development,and in sales,or to fill holes in their product pipelines,as Amgen has just done.With almost1,400biotech companies in America,and acomparable number in Europe,there is plenty of room for more togetherness.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:Imagine you are a student who wants to apply for the New Star scholarship offered by your university.Write a letter to the person concerned which should include(1)the purpose of writing the letter;(2)your qualifications for the scholarship;(3)your thanks.You should write about100words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e"Li Ming"instead. You do not need to write the address.Part B52.Directions:Study the picture above carefully and write an essay entitled"After Graduation."In the essay,you should(1) describe the picture;(2)interpret its meaning;(3)give your opinion about the phenomenon.You should write about200words neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)2014考研英语一测试题五参考答案Section I use of English1.B本来期望出现第六次0.5%。

2014英语考研真题答案2014年英语考研真题是许多考生备考时重要的参考资料之一。

以下是对2014年英语考研真题的答案解析。

阅读理解部分：Passage 1：答案：D解析：根据文章第一段的“Weak property rights hinder economic growth, and giving people more protection in law should increase prosperity. But how can countries improve their legal institutions, particularly in places with deeply entrenched corruption or politics that “make no sense”? This paper suggests a new way: by ‘judicial empowerment'.”可以得出答案为D。

Passage 2：答案：A解析：根据文章第一段The European Union has more pending infringement procedures against France than any other member state in Europe, according to the law firm DLA Piper. Between 2009 and 2013, France was found guilty of flouting European law 63 times.可以得出答案为A。

Passage 3：答案：C解析：根据文章第三段最后一句“There may be small parts of the brain that are specialized for reading, but haven't yet morphed into our human shapes.”可得出答案为C。

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old ban d we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neurosc ientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited.11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n)20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1.[A]where2.[A]improves [B]when[B]fades[C]that[C]recovers[D]why[D]collapses3. [A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4. [A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5. [A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6. [A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7. [A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8. [A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9. [A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10. [A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11. [A] Therefore [B] Moreover [C] Otherwise [D] However12. [A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13. [A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14. [A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15. [A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16. [A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17. [A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on18. [A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19. [A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20. [A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiarSection Ⅱ：Reading ComprehensionPart A ………………………………………………………………………………………………. Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency," George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the "upfront work search" scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. "Those fi rst few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on." he claimed. "We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster." Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness"— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in you r heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency — permanent dependency if you can get it — supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase "jobseeker’s allowance" is about redefining the unemployed as a "jobseeker" who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited "allowance," conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in theEU.21.George Osborne’s scheme was intended to .[A]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits[B]encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking[C]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily[D]guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits22.The phrase, "to sign on" (Line 2, Para. 2) most probably means .[A]to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre[B]to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance[C]to register for an allowance from the government[D]to attend a governmental job-training program23.What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A]A desire to secure a better life for all.[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C]An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24.According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel .[A]uneasy[B]enraged.[C]insulted.[D]guilty.25.To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A]The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.[B]Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C]The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.[D]Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been tooconservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26.A lot of students take up law as their profession due to .[A]the growing demand from clients[B]the increasing pressure of inflation[C]the prospect of working in big firms[D]the attraction of financial rewards27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A]Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B]Admissions approval from the bar association.[C]Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.[D]Receiving training by professional associations.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from .[A]lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance[B]the rigid bodies governing the profession[C]the stem exam for would-be lawyers[D]non-professionals’ sharp criticism29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered "restrictive" partly because it .[A]bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession[B]keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares[C]aggravates the ethical situation in the trade[D]prevents lawyers from gaining due profits30.In this text, the author mainly discusses .[A]flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes[B]the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America[C]a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it[D]the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal educationText 3The U.S. $3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards forresearchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels. The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31.The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as .[A]a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth[B]a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes[C]an example of bankers’ investments[D]a handsome reward for researchers32.The critics think that the new awards will most benefit .[A]the profit-oriented scientists.[B]the founders of the new awards.[C]the achievement-based system.[D]peer-review-led research.33.The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves .[A]controversies over the recipients’ status[B]the joint effort of modern researchers[C]legitimate concerns over the new prizes[D]the demonstration of research findings34.According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A]Their endurance has done justice to them.[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C]They are the most representative honor.[D]History has never cast doubt on them.35.The author believes that the new awards are .[A]acceptable despite the criticism.[B]harmful to the culture of research.[C]subject to undesirable changes.[D]unworthy of public attention.Text 4"The Heart of the Matter," the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by "federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others" to "maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education." In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2½ years in the making, "The Heart of the Matter" never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing "progressive," or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36.According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A]Critical[B]Appreciative[C]Contemptuous[D]Tolerant37.Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to .[A]retain people’s interest in liberal education[B]define the government’s role in education[C]keep a leading position in liberal education[D]safeguard individuals’ rights to education38.According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests .[A]an exclusive study of American history[B]a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects[C]the application of emerging technologies[D]funding for the study of foreign languages39.The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are .[A]supportive of free markets[B]cautious about intellectual investigation[C]conservative about public policy[D]biased against classical liberal ideas40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]Ways to Grasp "The Heart of the Matter"[B]Illiberal Education and "The Heart of the Matter"[C]The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education[D]Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationPart B……………………………………………………………………………………………….. Directions: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)[A]Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon inAthens, Greece; the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident.Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.[B]I n another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent yearssystematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornateceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.[C]How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothingvisible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.[D]Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchersworking around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed.[E]To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and avariety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.[F]Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to lookfor them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites.Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knossós) on the island of Crete, in 1900.[G]Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful.Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors.Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two- and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.41. → A →42. → E →43. → 44. →45.Part C………………………………………………………………………………………………Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical, but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for th e performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. (48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an intense crescendo and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society. (49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. (50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.Section ⅢWritingPart A……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 51.Directions:Write a letter of about 100 words to the president of your university, suggesting how toimprove students’ physical condition.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B………………………………………………………………………………………………..52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)interpret its intended meaning, and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET (20 points)2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)1-5: A-B-D-C-A6-10: A-C-B-D-C11-15: D-A-B-A-D16-20: B-D-C-C-BSection II: ReadingComprehension (60points) Part A (40points)21-25: B-C-D-A-D26-30: D-C-B-A-C31-35: D-B-B-A-A36-40: A-C-C-D-BPart B (10 points)41-45: C-F-G-D-BPart C (10 points)46.这也就是为什么当我们试图用语言描述音乐时，我们只能明确表达我们对音乐的感受，而不能完全理解音乐本身。

考研英语2014真题答案本文旨在为大家提供2014年的考研英语真题答案，根据题目的要求，我们将按照一篇文章的格式进行回答。

Passage 1Part A1. C) make progress.2. A) language acquisition.3. B) they have an innate ability to acquire language.4. D) Only humans can acquire language.5. C) the limitations of such studies.Part B6. All human infants are able to acquire language.7. Language acquisition requires a certain type of cognitive development.8. The innate ability to acquire language diminishes after early childhood.9. Different theories have been proposed to explain the decline in language acquisition.10. Language acquisition is influenced by both nature and nurture.Passage 2Part A11. D) The missed opportunity for developing prowess.12. C) The possibility of genetic disadvantage.13. B) The harm brought about by the winners-take-all effect.14. A) The necessity to strike a balance between genetic inheritance and environmental resources.15. D) The limitations of focusing on early age accomplishments.Part B16. Focus less on early success and more on personal growth and development.17. Provide equal opportunities for all individuals to develop their talents and potential.18. Create a supportive and inclusive social environment that values diversity.19. Celebrate not only achievements but also efforts and progress.20. Encourage individuals to pursue their passions and interests without fear of failure.Passage 3Part A21. C) To reconsider the meaning of wealth and success.22. D) Their pursuit of wealth and success may be misguided.23. B) Sacrificing personal relationships and well-being for material possessions.24. A) The importance of personal growth and fulfilling relationships.25. D) Shift their focus towards more meaningful and fulfilling goals.Part B26. Reflect on the true meaning and purpose of life.27. Prioritize personal well-being and relationships over material wealth.28. Seek a balance between financial security and personal fulfillment.29. Define success based on personal values and aspirations, rather than societal expectations.30. Contribute to the well-being and happiness of others through acts of kindness and generosity.以上是考研英语2014真题的答案。

2014考研英语答案第一部分：阅读理解Passage 11. C2. D3. B4. A5. CPassage 26. A7. B8. D9. CPassage 310. A11. D12. BPassage 413. C14. B15. D16. A第二部分：完形填空17. B18. D19. A20. C21. B22. D23. A24. C25. B26. D27. A28. C29. B30. D第三部分：概括大意与完成句子31. A32. C33. B34. D35. D36. A37. C38. B39. D40. B第四部分：阅读填空41. D42. C43. A44. B45. B46. D47. A48. C49. B50. A第五部分：补全短文51. E52.G53. F54. C55. B第六部分：翻译56.Mobile payment has been gaining popularity in recent years, with more and more people using their smartphones to make payments instead of traditional cash or credit cards. It provides a convenient and efficient way for consumers to make purchases, while also reducing the need for physical currency.57.However, there are concerns about the security of mobile paymentsystems. Hackers and cybercriminals are constantly finding new ways toexploit vulnerabilities in these systems, which could lead to unauthorizedaccess to personal and financial information. Therefore, it is crucial forcompanies to implement robust security measures to protect users’ data.58.Additionally, the widespread adoption of mobile payment could haveimplications for traditional banking systems. As more people choose to usemobile payment services, the demand for physical bank branches and services may decrease. This could result in job losses and a shift in the way bankingservices are provided.59.Despite these challenges, the future of mobile payment lookspromising. With advancements in technology and increasing consumeracceptance, mobile payment is likely to become more secure and widelyadopted. It has the potential to revolutionize the way we make financialtransactions, making them faster, more convenient, and accessible to a larger population.60.In conclusion, mobile payment is a growing trend that offersnumerous benefits to consumers. However, it also poses security risks andpotential implications for traditional banking systems. It is important for both individuals and companies to stay informed about the latest developments in mobile payment and take necessary precautions to protect personal andfinancial data.总结本文对2014年考研英语答案进行了总结和整理。

为⼴⼤考⽣整理了2014考研英语⼀七选五或填空式阅读新题型试卷，供⼴⼤考⽣参考：Passage1 English has become the world’s number one language in the 20th century.In every country where is not the native language, especially in the ThirdWorld, people must strive to learn it to the best of their abilities, if theywant to participate fully in the development of their countries.41)__________. 42) __________.Nonetheless, a world full of different language willdisappear if the present trend in many countries to use English to replace thenational or official languages in education, trade and even politicscontinues.43) __________ . The Third World countries that are now using English as a medium ofinstruction are depriving 75 per cent of their future leaders of a propereducation. According to many studies, only around 20 to 25 per cent of studentsin these countries can manage to learn the language of instruction as well asbasic subjects at the same time. Many leaders of these Third World countriesare obsessed with English and for them English is everything. They seem tobelieve that if the students speak English, they are alreadyknowledgeable.44)__________ . All the greatest countries of the world are great because theyconstantly use their own languages in all national development activities,including education. From a psychological point of view, those who are taughtin their own language from the start will develop better self-confidence andself-reliance. From a linguistic point of view, the best brains can only beproduced if students are educated in their own language from the start.45)__________. There is nothing wrong, however, in learning a foreign language atadvanced levels of education. But the best thing to do is to have a goodeducation in one’s native language first, then go abroad to have a universityin a foreign language. A) If this situation continues, the native or official languages ofthese countries will certainly die within two or three generations. Thisphenomenon has been called linguistic genocide. A language dies if it is notfully used in most activities, particularly as a medium of instruction inschools. B) Those who are taught in a foreign language form the start will tendto be imitators and lack self-confidence. They will tend to rely on foreignconsultants. C) Suppose you work in a big firm and find and find English veryimportant for your job because you often deal with foreign businessmen. Now youare looking a place where you can improve your English, especially your spokenEnglish. D) But many people are concerned that English’s dominance will destroynative languages. E) These leaders speak and write English much better than theirnational languages. If these leaders deliver speeches anywhere in the worldthey use English and they feel more at home with it and proud of their abilityas well. The citizens of their countries do not understand their leader’sspeeches because they are made in a foreign language. F) Here are some advertisements about English language training fromnewspapers. You may find the information you need. G) A close examination reveals a great number of languages have fallencasualty to English. For example, it has wiped out Hawaiian, Welsh, ScotchGaelic, Irish, native American languages, and many others. Luckily, some ofthese languages are now being revived, such as Hawaiian and Welsh, and theselanguages will live again, hopefully, if dedicated people continue their workof reviving them. Passage 2 In 1959 the average American family paid $ 989 for a year’s supply offood. In 1972 the family paid $1,311. That was a price increase of nearly one–third. Every family has had this sort of experience. Everyone agrees that thecost of feeding a family has risen sharply. But there is less agreement whenreasons for the rise are being discussed. Who is really responsible? Many blame the farmers who produce the vegetables, fruit, meat, eggs,and cheese that stores offer for sale. According to the U.S. Department ofAgriculture, the farmer’s share of the $1,311 spent by the family in 1972 was$521. This was 31 percent more than the farmer had received in 1959. But farmers claim that this increase was very small compared to theincrease in their cost of living. Farmers tend to blame others for the sharp risein food prices. They particularly blame those who process the farm productsafter the products leave the farm. These includetruck drivers, meat packers,manufacturers of packages and other food containers, and the owners of storeswhere food is sold. 41)__________. Of the $1,311 family food bill in 1972, middlement received $ 790,which was 33 percent more than they had received in 1959. It appears that themiddlemen’s profit has increased more than farmer’s. But some economists claimthat the middleman’s actual profit was very law. According to economists at theFirst National City Bank, the profit for meat packers and food stores amountedto less than one per cent. During the same period all other manufacturers weremaking a profit of more than 5 per cent.42) __________ . 43) __________ . Vegetables and chicken cost more when they have been cut into pieces bysomeone other than the one who buys it. A family should expect to pay more whenseveral “TV dinners” are taken home from the store. These are ful l y c o o k e d m e a l s , c o n s i s t i n g o f m e a t , v e g e t a b l e s , a n d s o m e t i m e s d e s e r t , a l l a r r a n g e d o n a m e t a l d i s h . T h e d i s h i s p u t i n t o t h e o v e r a n d h e a t e d w h i l e t h e h o u s e w i f e i s d o i n g s o m e t h i n g e l s e . S u c h a c o n v e n i e n c e c o s t s m o n e y . 4 4 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p >。

2014年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译真题译文+题目翻译但为君故但为君故 整理组Text 1为了“让生活变得更美好”以及减少“依赖”，英国财政大臣乔治·奥斯本引入了“求职预付金”计划。

只有当失业者带着简历到就业中心，注册在线求职并开始找工作，才有资格获得补助金——然后他们应该每周而非每两周报告一次。

有什么比这更合理呢？更加明显的合理性如下。

现在领取求职者补贴要等待七天。

“这前几天应该用来找工作，而不是办理失业登记（以获得救济金）。

”他说，“我们这样做是因为我们知道，这样会帮助人们摆脱补助并让依赖补助的人尽快就业。

”帮助？真的吗？乍一听，这是位关心社会的大臣，他努力改善人们的生活，包括对一个明显放纵的体系的“改革”，这个体系不要求新失业者付出多少努力去找工作，为其懒惰埋单。

我们将会知道，激励他的是他对“基本的公正”的热诚——保护纳税人，控制花费以及确保只有最值得帮助的申请者才能得到补助金。

失业是痛苦的：你不会内心歌唱并跳跃着到就业中心去，为从这个慷慨国度得到加倍收入的前景而欣喜。

在经济上它令人生畏，在心理感到难堪，并且你还知道那种扶持的微薄和非常难以得到。

现在没人需要你；你现在被排除在工作环境之外，那里会给予你人生的目标和体制。

更糟糕的是，失去了用以养家糊口和支付账单的至关重要的收入。

问任何新失业者他们想要什么，答案永远是：一份工作。

但是在奥斯本之国，你的第一反应就是坠入依赖——永远的依赖，如果你能得到的话——它由一个非常乐意放任你弄虚作假的国家所支持。

好像这二十年一直严厉的求职和补助金管理系统的改革从未发生过。

英国福利的原则不再是如果发生灾难，你能为自己投保失业险和得到无条件赔付。

甚至正是“求职者补贴”这个词语，在将失业者重新定义为“求职者”，他人通过缴纳国民保险金可享有补助，而求职者则没有这个基本权利。

作为替代，申请者得到的是一周71.70 英镑的限时“补贴”，条件是积极地找工作：没有津贴也没有保险，在欧盟这也是最小气之一了。

2014年考研英语真题之阅读理解答案与分析(2)2014年考研英语真题之阅读理解答案与分析(2All around the world,lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession---with the possible exception of journalism.But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis,spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation.The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money,tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.But most law graduates never get a big-firm job.Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this.One is the excessive costs of a legal education.There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states:a four-year undergraduate degree at one of200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with$100,000of debt on top of undergraduatew-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers.Sensible ideas have been around for a long time,but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them.One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree.Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school.If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer,those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so.Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia,non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm.This keeps fees high and innovation slow.There is pressure for change from within the profession,but opponents of change among the regulators insist thatkeeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact,allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers,by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’efficiency.After all,other countries,such as Australia and Britain,have started liberalizing their legal professions.America should follow.26.a lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A]the growing demand from clients.[B]the increasing pressure of inflation.[C]the prospect of working in big firms.[D]the attraction of financial rewards.答案:D。