2020年考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学(4)

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接下来的时间，咱们一起努力！ヾ(◍°∇°◍)ﾉﾞ2020考研英语真题模拟试卷阅读篇As Gilbert White，Darwin，and others observed long ago，all species appear to have the innate capacity to increase their numbers from generation to generation. The task for ecologists is to untangle the environmental and biological factors that hold this intrinsic capacity for population growth in check over the long run. The great variety of dynamic behaviors exhibited by different population makes this task more difficult：some populations remain roughly constant from year to year others exhibit regular cycles of abundance and scarcity still others vary wildly，with outbreaks and crashes that are in some cases plainly correlated with the weather，and in other cases not.To impose some order on this kaleidoscope of patterns，one school of thought proposes dividing populations into two groups. These ecologists posit that the relatively steady populations havedensity-dependent growth parameters that is，rates of birth，death，and migration which depend strongly on population density. The highly varying populations have density-independent growth parameters，with vital rates buffeted by environmental events these rates fluctuate in a way that is wholly independent of population density.This dichotomy has its uses，but it can cause problems if taken too literally. For one thing，no population can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all the time. No matter how severely or unpredictably birth，death，and migration rates may be fluctuating around their long-term averages，if there were no density-dependent effects，the population would，in the long run，either increase or decrease without bound (barring a miracle by which gains and losses canceled exactly)。

考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（3）The widely held assumption that people would volunteer for AIDS-tests in droves once treatment became available was wrong. 61）And the reason for that appears to be that the government has not managed to reduce the disgrace associated with AIDS，and thus with seeking out a test for it if you suspect you might be infected.To combat this，the whole basis of AIDS testing in Botswana has just been changed. The idea is to“downgrade” the process into something low-key，routine and stigma-free. 62）Until now，a potential test subject had to opt in，by asking for a test；having asked，he was given 40 minutes of counseling to make sure he really knew what he was doing before any test was carried out. The new policy is to test people routinely when they visit the doctor. That way，having a test cannot be seen as an indication that an individual believes he may be infected. The test is not compulsory，but objectors must actively opt out. Silence is assumed to be consent，and no counseling is offered—just as would be the case for any other infectious disease.This policy shift is probably just the first of many that will take place in Botswana，South Africa and other African countries that are planning the mass provision of anti-AIDS drugs in public hospitals. Dwain Ndwapi，a doctor at Botswana‘s largest AIDS clinic，thinks that there are circumstances in which testing should be compulsory. 63）Inparticular，he believes that the currently high rate of transmission from mothers to new-born children could be reduced to zero if expectant mothers were always tested—and if those who proved positive were treated with an appropriate drugs before they gave birth.Another controversial change in the air is to reduce the frequency of two costly tests of patients‘blood. Viral-load tests and CD4-cell counts both measure how acute an individual’s infection has become. That helps a patient‘s doctor to decide when to prescribe anti-retroviral. 64）But laboratory capacity in Africa is inadequate for regular testing of the millions of people that need such drugs—at least if the tests are carried out as frequently as they would be in a rich country. Less frequent testing of each individual would allow more individuals to be given at least some tests.But that must be balanced against the need to treat more people faster. Doctors in Botswana are staggered at how desperately sick many patients are when they first arrive. They had expected people to walk into clinics for AIDS tests. Instead，many come in on stretchers on the verge of death. 65）Treating the very ill takes much more time and money than giving anti-AIDS pills to relatively healthy people，and it means that these people may have been unconsciously infecting others for longer. If routine tests persuade more patients to get help before they slump on a stretcher，all the better.1. Why few people would volunteer for AIDS-test if treatment is readily prepared？[A] Because people do not know whether they need the treatment.[B] Because people could not afford to pay the expensive drugs.[C] Because people are afraid to find out that they are infected.[D] Because people cannot bear the shame the tests bring.2. According to the text，how to “downgrade” the test process？[A] By forcing those potential AIDS patient to take the test.[B] by going down to the patients‘homes to take the test.[C] by testing patients as a regular thing in their hospital visits.[D] by asking them whether they would like to have a test.3. it can be inferred from the text that[A] the new policy will be able to include every patient who visits the doctor.[B] more policy like the new one will be carried out in a lot of African countries.[C] the old policy is better than the new one in that it provides patients with counseling.[D] the silence of the patient indicates his consent to any treatment that is available.4. the purpose of reducing the frequency of two expensive blood tests is to[A] help the patients save some money for treatments.[B] enable more people to take tests of some kind.[C] make sure that patients can receive in-time treatment.[D] prevent patients from possible further infection.5. persuading patients to get treatment early will have the following advatages except[A] saving anti-AIDS pills to relatively healthy people.[B] cutting down the costs in the treatment.[C] avoiding transmitting the virus to more people.[D] shortening doctors‘treatment time.词汇注释in droves 成群结队stigma 耻辱downgrade 降级low-key 低调的expectant mother 孕妇anti-retroviral 抗病毒staggered 吃惊的inadvertently 无意中地slump 躺难句讲解1. And the reason for that appears to be that the government has notmanaged to reduce the disgrace associated with AIDS，and thus with seeking out a test for it if you suspect you might be infected.[简析] 本句话的主干是“the reason for that appears to be that…”。

2020年高考英语阅读理解医疗保健类专练（附答案）1.阅读理解Like to watch TV or play with your phone while you eat your dinner?Watch out—it could make you pile on the pounds.Not paying attention to our food makes us tend to more snacking later.Over a series of experiments were carried out by researchers.For the first experiment,39 normal-weight young women were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: a high-distraction group,alow-distraction group,and a no-distraction group.Each person was given the same 400-calorie lunch consisting of several food items presented in a fixed order,and instructed to eat all of the items.In the high-distraction group,the women were told to play a computer game while eating,and that they would win money if they did well.In the low-distraction group they were just told to play the game while eating; and in the third group they were just told to eat their ter in the afternoon,each participant had access to a variety of biscuits on a plate,and the amount each person ate was assessed by weighing the plate before and afterwards.There was a significant difference between the groups.Those in the high-distraction condition ate 69 per cent more snacks than the no-distraction group,and those in the low-distraction group eating 28 per cent more (than those in the no-distraction group) .A second experiment,involving a further 63 people,was similar,but involved watching TV (in the distraction condition) and eating soup and bread.This found that those who watched TV while eating their lunch ate 19 per cent more biscuits later on than those who had eaten their meal without any distractions.A third experiment was also carried out,in which 45 normal-weight people were allocated to three groups.The first listened to an audio clip instructing them to imagine they were watching themselves eat—making them extremely focused on their own food intake.The second listened to a clip instructing them to imagine they were watching a celebrity—specifically David Beckham—eat (making them still focused on the food,but to a lesser degree);the third,which was the control group,just ate their lunch in silence.When all participants were given access to biscuits later,those in the self-imagining group-i.e. those who had really paid attention to what they were eating—ate far fewer than the other groups.（1）Why does eating dinner with a TV or a smartphone make us fat?A. Because we're more likely to snack later on.B. Because we're paying more attention to our eating.C. Because food is becoming more delicious while we're playing.D. Because we need more calories while playing.（2）What is TRUE about the three experiments?A. The low-distraction group ate the most snacks in the first experiment.B. Non-distracted members ate more biscuits later in the second experiment.C. Participants focusing on eating ate far fewer in the third experiment.D. Each person was told to watch TV or play a game.（3）What would be the best title for the text?A. Eating attentively doesn't help control appetite.B. Attentive eating increases later snack intake.C. Focusing on food increases later snack intake.D. Distraction leads to more snacking later.（4）Where is the text most probably from?A. A textbook.B. A scientific paper.C. A nutrition guidelines.D. A fashion magazine.2.阅读理解While we all try to find happiness, sometimes we still end up feeling low. While most people can control this feeling, low moods can stay with some, leading to depression. About 322 million people suffered from depression in 2015, according to a report by the World Health Organization in February. This is more than 4 percent of the world's population.Depression is described by the WHO as a mental disorder. It has several symptoms including sadness, loss of interest and feelings of low self-worth. In severe cases, depression may even lead to suicide.The number of people living with depression is increasing. The WHO reported a rise of 18.4 percent between 2005 and 2015. Young people are a group known to suffer with depression. “The pressures on today's youth are like no other gener ation, perhaps,” Dan Chisholm, an official of WHO, told Reuters.In China, depression among young people is on the rise, Zhu Zhuohong, a psychology professor with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told Xinhua News Agency. Competition to outperform others, especially in education, can cause a lot of pressure for Chinese youth.Almost 1.2 million Chinese people aged 15 to 24 suffer from depression, according to a report released by British science journal The Lancet in May.Luckily, more and more efforts are being made to deal with this problem. This year's World Health Day, held on April 7, will focus on depression. The day will highlight (强调) the “Depression: let's talk” campaign. The campaign aims to make sure that people with depression both seek and get help.（1）According to the passage, what was the population of the world in 2015?A. about 322 millionB. about 128.8 millionC. about 8050 millionD. about 18.4million（2）Which symptom is the worst among several symptoms?A. suicideB. loss of interestC. sadnessD. feelings of low self-worth（3）What does the 3rd paragraph tell us?A. The pressures on today's youth are the same as other generations.B. The pressures on today's youth are not the same as other generations.C. The pressures on today's youth are bigger than other generations.D. The pressures on today's youth are not bigger than other generations.（4）What cause a lot of pressure for Chinese youth?A. Competition between young generationsB. Competition to outperform othersC. Competition to perform better than others in educationD. Education to avoid disorders3.阅读理解Feifei, an 11-year-old boy from Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, suffered from a sudden acute eye disease which has almost led to blindness. The disease was caused when he overused his eyes during the winter vacation, during which he played computer games for continuous 10 days and nights.Many youngsters in China nowadays are increasingly addicted to computer games and other electronic products. This is followed by a series of health problems, with the most typical case being myopia, or nearsightedness.According to the latest research report released by the World Health Organization (WHO),the myopia rate among Chinese teenagers ranks first in the world—70 percent of high school and college students. The rate is nearly 40 percent in primary school students, while it is only 10 percent for their peers in the United States.There are at least 10 million people in China with severe myopia, and they are likely to get pathological myopia（病理性的近视）in middle age. Pathological myopia can't be treated with glasses or surgery, and it is one of the biggest factors that lead to blindness, Xu Xun, an expert at Shanghai General Hospital, pointed out.Experts explain that two major factors lead to the high rate of myopia among Chinese people. One is high academic pressure, and the other one is excessive use of electronic devices over a long period of time. Genetics, on the other hand, are not the main reason, as only 20 percent of Chinese people had myopia in the 1960s."Teenagers are now faced with severe academic pressure, which means they often study without natural light. This increases their risk of becoming nearsighted," Xu said. Experts suggest that youngsters maintain a proper balance between study and rest so as to protect their eyesight, and parents should play an active role in the process.（1）Why does the author mention Feifei's experience in the first paragraph?A. To advise people to protect their eyes.B. To introduce the topic of nearsightedness.C. To inform people of the cause of blindness.D. To show that Feifei developed an eye disease.（2）What can be learnt from the passage?A. Nearsightedness may cause other health problems.B. There are more nearsighted students in the United States.C. 70 percent Chinese students in primary school are nearsighted.D. Pathological myopia is most likely to cause blindness.（3）Which of the following can be a main reason for myopia?A. Genetics factors.B. Low academic pressure.C. Overuse of electronic devices.D. Reading in natural light.（4）What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph?A. The significance of protecting eyesight.B. Youngsters' bad behavior leading to myopia.C. The relationship between youngsters and their parents.D. Parents' role in helping youngsters protect their eyesight.4.阅读理解Do you love holidays but hate the fact that you put on weight (增加体重) after the holidays? You are not alone.Holidays are happy days with pleasure and delicious foods. Many people, however, are worried about the weight that comes along with these delicious foods.With proper planning, it is possible to control your weight. The idea is to enjoy the holidays but not to eat too much. You don't have to turn away from the foods that you enjoy. The following suggestions may help you.Do not miss meals. Before yon leave home for a feast(宴会), have a small, low-fat snack. This may help to keep you from getting too excited before delicious foods.Begin with clear soup, fruit or vegetables.A large glass of water before you eat may help you feel full.Use a small plate; a large plate will encourage you to have more than enough.Better not have high-fat foods. Dishes that look oily or creamy have much fat in them.Choose lean（瘦的）meat. Fill your plate with salad and green vegetables.If you have a sweet tooth, try mints (薄荷) and fruits. They don't have fat content as cream and chocolate.Don't let exercise take a break during the holidays. A 20-minute walk after a meal can help burn off excess calories (多余的热量).（1）Holidays are happy days with pleasure but they may______.A. make you worried about your foodsB. bring you much trouble in your lifeC. bring weight problemsD. make you hate delicious foods（2）Many people can't help putting on weight after the holidays because they _______.A. turn away from the foods that they enjoyB. go to too many feastsC. enjoy delicious foodsD. can't control themselves and eat too much（3）Which of the following is NOT the suggestion given by the writer?A. Begin with lean meat.B. Drink a large glass of water before you eat.C. Have a small, low-fat snack before a feast.D. Use a small plate.5.阅读理解When you go to the doctor, you like to come away with a prescription．It makes you feel better to know you will get some medicine. But the doctor knows that medicine is not always needed. Sometimes all a sick person needs is some reassurance that all will be well. In such cases the doctor may prescribe a placebo.A placebo is a sugar pill, a harmless shot, or ail empty capsule. Even though they have no medicine in them, these things seem to make people well. The patient thinks it is medicine and begins to get better. How does this happen?The study of the placebo opens up new knowledge about the way the human body can heal itself. It is as if there was a doctor in each of us. The doctor will heal the body for us if we let it. But it is not yet known just how the placebo works to heal the body. Some people say it works because the human mind fools itself. These people say that if the mind is fooled into thinking it got medicine, then it will act as if it did, and the body will feel better.Placebos do not always work. The success of this treatment seems to rest a lot with the relationship between the patient and the doctor. If the patient has a lot of trust in the doctor and if the doctor really wants to help the patient, then the placebo is more likely to work. So in a way, the doctor is the most powerful placebo of all.A placebo can also have bad effects. If patients expect a bad reaction to medicine, then they will also show a bad reaction to the placebo. This would seem to show that a lot of how you react to medicine is in your mind rather than in your body. Some doctors still think that if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be used. They think there is still not enough known about it.The strange power of the placebo does seem to suggest that the human mind is stronger than we think it is. There are people who say you can heal your body by using your mind. And the interesting thing is that even people who swear this is not possible have been healed by a placebo．（1）What do we know about placebo according to the passage?A. It contains some sort of medicine.B. It won't function if you are negative about medicine.C. People who don't believe placebo can't be healed by it.D. Patients and doctors know clearly how it helps to heal the body.（2）Why is the doctor sometimes the most powerful placebo?A. The patient needs help badly．B. The patient believes in the doctor．C. The doctor knows better about your body．D. The doctor has carefully studied medicine．（3）What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?A. The placebo.B. The bad effect.C. The body.D. The medicine.（4）What is the passage mainly about?A. Placebo：Work on Your MindB. Placebo：The Most Powerful MedicineC. Placebo：The Best DoctorD. Placebo：Heal Your Body6.阅读理解A new study has discovered that meditation（冥想）and oxygen sport together reduce depression. The Rutgers University study found that this mind and body combination, done twice a week for only two months, reduced the symptoms for a group of students by 40 percent.“We are excited by the findings because we saw such a meaningful improvement in both clinically depressed and non-depressed students,” said lead author Dr. Brandon Alderman. “It is the first time that both of these two behavioral ways have been looked at together for dealing with depression.”Researchers believe the two activities have an interactive effect on combating depression. Alderman and Dr. Tracey Shors discovered that a combination of mental and physical training (MAP) enabled students with major depressive disorder not to let problems or negative thoughts defeat them.Rutgers researchers say those who participated in the study began with 30 minutes of focused attention meditation followed by 30 minutes of oxygen sport. They were told that if their thoughts drifted to the past or the future they should refocus on their breathing, enabling those with depression to accept moment-to-moment changes in attention.Shors, who studies the production of new brain cells in the hippocampus—part of the brain involved in memory and learning—says scientists have shown in animal models that oxygen sport exercise keeps a large number of certain cells alive.The idea for the human intervention（干预）came from her laboratory studies, she says, with the main goal of helping individuals acquire new skills so that they can learn to recover from stressful life events.By learning to focus their attention and exercise, people who are fighting depression can acquire new learning skills that can help them process information and reduce the overwhelming recollection of memories from the past, Shors says.“We know these treatments can be practiced over a lifetime and that they will be effective in improving mental health.” said Alderman. “The good news is that this intervention can be practiced by anyone at any time and at no cost.”（1）What made the research so different?A. Adopting a way of meaningful talk.B. Combining the two behavioral ways to treat depression.C. Treating depression with special medicine.D. Comparing the depressed with the non-depressed. （2）The underlined word “combating” in Parag raph 3 can be replaced by ______.A. fightingB. identifyingC. distinguishingD. examining（3）What did the participants do in the research?A. They did oxygen sport half an hour before thinking.B. They thought quietly and then took exercise.C. They took exercise longer than they thought.D. They took exercise while thinking quietly.（4）What is Shors' main purpose of her studies?A. To find out certain brain cells of humans.B. To study the production of new brain cells.C. To offer people a new method to treat stress.D. To decide the links between stress and exercise.7.阅读理解Herbal medicine (草药), which has been used for medicinal purposes, is the use of plants to treat diseases. Many herbalists use the entire plant, from the flowers, stems, leaves, and roots, in the form of everything from teas to pills. These plants contain natural, chemical things that can treat the body for a variety of diseases- such as allergies, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, migraine, chronic fatigue, and cancer, among others.Nowadays an increasing number of people prefer to adopt these plants to treat their diseases because, compared with chemical medicine, herbal medicine has its own advantages. Herbal medicine and remedies (治疗) are more effective than chemical medicine for certain diseases. The chemical medicine given by a chemist could have certain negative side effects. However, many of the herbal medicine and remedies do not have negative side effects. If any, they are softer than chemical medicine. Obesity is the cause of many of the health problems. Herbal medicine can help weight-loss more effectively and improve overall health.However, the cure using herbal medicine and supplements (营养品) would take some time, and therefore people are supposed to possess enough patience. Worse still, herbal medicine contains a variety of ingredients (成分) and people have to be sure that their body agrees with the ingredients and that it is not allergic (过敏).A point worth mentioning here is herbal remedies and medicine for certain illnesses may have negative side effects. These side effects may not be shown at once, but would take months or even years. In the early stages, if the herbal medicine is not agreeing with you, it is wise to stop using it.When used correctly and directed by doctors, herbs can help treat a variety of diseases. But keep in mind that the herbal medicine industry is not regulated, so herbal products are often misleading and may contain additives (添加剂) and that are not listed on the label (标签). Some herbs may cause allergic reactions or interact with other drugs, and some are poisonous if used improperly or at high doses (剂量). Taking herbs on your own increases your risk.（1）What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?A. The origin of herbal medicine.B. The history of herbal medicine.C. The definition and function of herbal medicine.D. The naturally harmless characteristics of herbal medicine.（2）How does the author explain the advantages of herbal medicine?A. By using examples.B. By making a comparison.C. By analyzing research statistics.D. By performing lots of experiments.（3）What is the author's attitude towards herbal medicine?A. Negative.B. Disapproving.C. Unclear.D. Supportive.（4）Which of the following will the author agree with?A. Choose safe herbal medicine freely.B. Take herbal medicine under the guidance of doctors.C. Use herbs together because the combination is more effective.D. Purchase herbal medicine from reliable manufacturers to ensure quality.8.阅读理解People with an impulsive personality refer to those who tend to do things without considering the possible dangers or problems first. According to a new study by researchers at the University of Georgia, such people may be more likely to have food addiction. The study found that people exhibiting impulsive behavior weren't necessarily overweight, but impulsiveness was related to a direct relationship with food, and therefore, less healthy weight.Food addiction has been compared to addictive drug use. Studies have linked the dopamine (多巴胺) release that occurs after tasting delicious food to the dopamine release that happens when people consume other addictive substances.Impulsive behavior involves several personality traits (特点). Two of these traits, known as negative urgency and lack of perseverance, were particularly associated with food addiction and high BMI (身体质量指数) during the study.Negative urgency is characterized by the tendency to behave impulsively when experiencing negative emotions. Some people might drink alcohol or take drugs. For others, it could mean eating to feel better. Lack of perseverance is when a person has a hard time finishing hard or boring tasks. People with a lack of perseverance might have difficulty attempting to change addictive eating behavior, which could also cause obesity.“Impulsiveness might be one reason why some people eat in an addictive way despi te motivation to lose weight,” said Dr. Ashley Gearhardt, a clinical psychologist. He was involved in developing the Yale Food Addiction Scale in aid of those people. “We are theorizing that if food addiction is really a thing, then our measure, the Yale F ood Addiction Scale, should be related to helping control impulsive action,” said Gearhardt.Clinical psychologist Dr. James MacKillop, whose lab was conducting the study, believes that therapies used to treat addictive drug behavior could help people who suffer from addictive eating habits.“Most of the programs for weight loss at this point focus on the most obvious things, which are clearly diet and exercise,” MacKillop said. “It seems that managing strong desires to eat would naturally fit in wi th the skills a person would need to eat healthily.”（1）According to Paragraph 1, the result of food addiction is ________.A. less healthy weightB. motivation to lose weightC. negative emotionsD. taking alcohol or drugs（2）How does the author introduce the two personality traits in Paragraph 4?A. By making comparisons and conclusions.B. By explaining causes and effects.C. By presenting questions and answers.D. By giving definitions and examples.（3）What can be inferred about the Yale Food Addiction Scale from the text?A. It has been successfully carried out among overweight people.B. It might help some impulsive people with food addiction to lose weight.C. It will prove whether food addiction is a problem to impulsive people.D. It is theoretically a proper treatment for addictive food and drug behavior.（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Dopamine release caused by food addictionB. Food addiction compared to drug useC. Impulsive personality linked to food additionD. Food addiction contributing to obesity答案1. （1）A（2）C（3）D（4）B2. （1）C（2）A（3）B（4）C3. （1）B（2）D（3）C（4）D4. （1）C（2）D（3）A5. （1）A（2）B（3）B（4）A6. （1）B（2）A（3）B（4）C7. （1）C（2）B（3）D（4）B 8. （1）A（2）D（3）B（4）C。

2020年考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（12）A widely heralded but still experimental cancer-fighting compound may be used someday to prevent two other majorkillers of Americans： heart disease and stroke. That was the implication of a remarkable report published last week in the journal Circulation by a team of researchers from Dr. Judah Folkman's laboratory at the Children's Hospital in Boston.The versatile compound is endostatin， a human proteinthat inhibits angiogenesis， the growth of new blood vesselsin the body. In tests reported in 1997 by Folkman， a prominent cancer researcher who pioneered the study of angiogenesis， the drug had reduced and even eradicatedtumors in laboratory mice. How？ By stunting the growth of capillaries necessary for nourishing the burgeoning mouse tumors.When news of Folkman's achievement became widely knownlast year， it led to wildly exaggerated predictions of imminent cancer cures. When other scientists were initially unable to duplicate those results， questions arose about the validity of Folkman's research. Then in February scientistsat the National Cancer Institute， with guidance from Folkman，finally matched his results. Reassured， the N.C.I. gave thego-ahead for clinical trials of endostatin later this year on patients with advanced tumors.How can a drug that is apparently effective againsttumors also reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke？ The answer lies in the composition of plaque， the fatty deposit that builds up in arteries and can eventually clog them.Plaque consists of a mix of cholesterol， white blood cells and smooth muscle cells， and as it accumulates， a networkof capillaries sprouts from the artery walls to nourish the cells. Could endostatin halt the growth of capillaries and starve the plaque？A Folkman lab team led by Dr. Karen Moulton decided tofind out. The scientists put baby lab mice on a 16-week “Western diet” that was high in fat and cholesterol， then measured the plaque buildup on the walls of each aorta， the large artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Meanwhile， they injected one group of mice with endostatin， another with a different blood-vessel inhibitor called TNP-470 and a control group with an inert saline solution. Twenty weeks later the researchers again measured plaque in the mouse aortas. The results were startling： the endostatin group averaged 85% less plaque buildup and theTNP-470 group 70% less than those in the control group.All too aware of the premature hopes raised last yearafter Folkman's tumor report， the researchers have been careful not to oversell the new results. “If this finding is supported in future studies，” says Moulton，“[it could open the way for] treatments that could delay the progression of heart disease and possibly reduce the incidence of heart attack s and strokes.” But any such treatments， she stresses，are probably five to 10 years away.注（1）：本文选自Time； 04/19/99， p48；注（2）：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题Text 1；1. What did the report indicate？[A]A very important drug is now at experimental stage.[B]Heart disease and stroke are the most serious threats to Americans.[C]The tumor drug can be used for the heart disease in the future.[D]Many Americans suffer from heart disease and stroke.2. Why did the N.C.I. agree to have clinical trials of endostatin on the patients？[A]They were convinced of the Folkman's research.[B]They can do such a research as well as Folkman.[C]The patients with advanced tumors need the drug.[D]The drug should be proved effective on humans.3. The exp ression “stunting the growth of capillaries”（Line 8， Paragraph 2） most probablymeans _______.[A]help the growth of capillaries[B]limit the growth of capillaries[C]improve the growth of capillaries[D]prevent the growth of capillaries4. Why can the tumor drug be used for the heart？[A]It can accumulate a network of capillaries and nourish the cells.。

2020年职称英语考试卫生类模拟套题一：阅读理解第四部分：阅读理解 (第31～45题，每题3分，共45分) 5 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。

请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1第一篇Explorer of the Extreme DeepOceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet. Yet,just a small fraction of the underwater world has been explored. Now, Scientists at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Massachusetts are building an underwater vehicle that will carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters (21,320 feet). The new machine，known as a manned submersible or human-operated vehicle (HOV), will replace another one named Alvin which bas an amazing record of discovery, playing a key role in various important and famous undersea expeditions. Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4,500 meters (14,784 feet). It’s about time for an upgrade. WHOI researchers say.Alvin was launched in 1964. Since then, Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year, says Daniel Fornari, a marine geologist and director of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI. During its lifetime, Alvin has carried some 12,000 people on a total of more than 3,000 dives. A newer, better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises about a world that is still full of mysteries, Fornari says. It might also make the job of exploration a little easier. “We take so much for granted on land,”Fornari says. “ We can walk around and see with our eyes how big things are. We can see colors，special arrangements.”Size-wise, the new HOV will be similar to Alvin．It’ll be about 37 feet long. The setting area inside will be a small sphere, about 8 feet wide, like Alvin, it’ll carry a pilot and two passengers. It will be just as maneuverable. In most other ways, it will give passengers more opportunities to enjoy the view, for one thing. Alvin has only three windows，the new vehicle will have five, with more overlap so that the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing.Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second, and its maximum speed is 2 knots (about 2.3 miles per hour), while the new vehicle will be able to ascend and descend at 44 meters per second. It’ll reach speeds of 3 knots, or 3.5 miles per hour.31 What is Alvin?A A research institute．B A transporting vehicle．C A submersible．D A scientist．32 Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin?A It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters．B It has played a key role in various important undersea expeditionsC It was launched in the sixties of the twentieth century．D It has been used for more than 40 years．33 “．．．a world that is still full of mysteries”refers toA the earth．B out space．C the ocean．D Mars．34 In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin similar?A Size．B Speed．C Capacity．D Shape．35 In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin different?A Offering better views．B Speed．C Size．D Both A and B．。

考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（10）I had two routine checkups last week，and both the eye doctor and the dentist asked me to update my health history for their records. Their requests made sense. Health-care providers should know what problems their patients have had and what medications they’re taking to be on the lookout for potential trouble or complications.On each history，however，the section labeled FAMILY HEALTH HISTORY gave me pause. Few diseases are purely genetic，but plenty have genetic components. If my father suffered from elevated LDL，or bad cholesterol，my doctor should know that，because I’m probably at higher risk. If my mother had breast cancer，my sister （if I had one）would want her physician to be especially vigilant.While I know somethin g about the history of my parents’ health-my father had prostate cancer at a relatively young age and suffered from macular degeneration and Parkinson’s disease，and my mother died of lung cancer-there’s plenty I don’t know. What were my parents’ cholesterol numbers and blood pressures？I assume I would have known if either suffered from diabetes，but I can’t swear to that. And when it comes to my grandparents，whose genes I also have，I’m even more in the dark.That makes me fairly typical. According to Dr. Richard Carmona，the U.S. Surgeon General，only about a third of Americans have eventried to put together a family-health history. That’s why he has launched the Family History Initiative and declared Thanksgiving National Family History Day. Sitting around the turkey talking about cancer and heart disease may seem like a grim thing to do when you’re supposed to be giving thanks for everything that’s going right. But since many families will be gathering for the holiday anyway，it’s a perfect time t o create a medical family tree.And the Surgeon General is making it easy：if you go to /familyhistory，you can use the Frequently Asked Questions link to find out which diseases tend to run in families，which ones you should be most and least worried about，and what to do if，like me，your parents and grandparents have passed away. You can also download a free piece of software called My Family Health Portrait，which helps you organize the information. The program prints that out in a easy-to-read form you can give to your doctors.The website insists the software is “fun”，but that may be going a bit far. In any case，it’s available only for Windows machines，so Mac users and people without computers have to use a printed version of the tree. It’s worth it，though，since it could help save your life or the life of your children someday.注（1）：本文选自Time；11/22/2004，p100；注（2）：本文习题命题模仿对象为2005年真题Text 1；1. In the opening paragraph，the author introduces his topic by[A] posing a contrast.[B] justifying an assumption.[C] explaining a phenomenon.[D] making a comparison.2. The statement “I assume I would have known if either suffered from diabetes，but I can’t swear to that.” （Line 4，Paragraph 3）implies that[A] only one of them suffered from diabetes.[B] neither of them suffered from diabetes.[C] both of them suffered from diabetes.[D] it’s uncertain whether they suffered from diabetes or not.3. Family health report is very important because[A] you can be careful about some disease and keep fit.[B] you are connected with your parents and your grandparents.[C] many diseases are genetic and should be noticed.[D] you should be considerate and care about your parents.4. Dr. Richard Carmona suggests that[A] you should present your doctor with a medical history.[B] you should print out your family’s medical history.[C] you should gather your f amily’s medical history.[D] you should give thanks for everything that is going right.5. What can we infer from the last paragraph？[A] The software is fun enough.[B] Family medical tree shouldn’t be neglected.[C] The software is not available anywhere.[D] It is worthwhile to draw a family tree.答案：C B A C B。

2020年普通高等学校招生统一考试英语卷(四)(时间：100分钟，满分：120分)第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)第一节(共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A (2019·广州市调研测试)【语篇解读】本文介绍了几个旅游广告。

1．What is the cost for two nights of accommodation for two people at the Yakamoz Hotel with the Lonely Planet guide book discount?A．￡88. B．￡80.C．￡72. D．￡64.C[考查数字计算。

根据Turkey—Yakamoz Hotel部分中的“2019 rates—twin bedded rooms ￡20 per person”和“Show this ad to get an exclusive 10% Lonely Planet guide book discount”，并结合题干可知，两个人两夜优惠后应付的费用是：￡20×2×2×90%＝￡72，故选C。

]2．Rail holidays are available for ．A．North America，Europe and AustraliaB．North America，South America and AsiaC．Australia，Asia and EuropeD．North America，South America and AustraliaD[考查推理判断。

根据Rail Holidays of the World部分中提到的“Peru”“Brazil”“Califonia”“Eastern Canada”“Australia & New Zealand”可推知，在这个度假活动中可以去北美洲、南美洲和澳大利亚，故选D。

2020职称英语考试卫生类阅读理解模拟题（4）Eat Healthy"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate -club!" Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent.Often,it's accompanied by an appeal：" Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!" Sure,we should be grateful for every bite of food.Unfortunately,many people in the US take too many bites.Instead of staying "clean the plate",perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.According to news reports,US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies.A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer,with two to four times the amount recommended by the government,according to a USA Today story.Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that.They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.Barbara Rolls,a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University,told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s,the same time that the Americanwaistline began to expand.Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions.Now,apparently,some customers are calling for this too.The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large； 23 percent had no opinion； 20 percentdisagreed.But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions.Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions； but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy.It's just that,after long hours at low-payingjobs,getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal.They live from paycheck to paycheck,happy to save alittle money for next year's Christmas presents.词汇：orphan n.孤儿belly n.肚子nutrition n.营养waistline n.腰围paycheck n.薪金支票注释：1.Be a member of the clean - plate club! 做清盘俱乐部的成员2.Just think about those starving orphans in Africa! 只要想想在非洲挨饿的孤儿们!3.take too many bites 吃得太多4.A Waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer,with two to four times the amount recommended by the government,according to a USA Today story.根据《今日美国》刊登的一个故事,服务员给每个顾客一盘饭菜,其量是政府推荐的2至4倍。

2020年职称英语《卫生类》阅读判断精选模拟试题(4) American SportsThe United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms; organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearlylike it is the English game of cricket.Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players on each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and college. Like football, basketball originated in the US andis not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer itto football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do "not assemble" primarily to see the horse race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.1. Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old, in the US.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned2. The professional baseball teams that play well are allowed to play in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3. Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4. Football can be classified as a spectator sport.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5. Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned6. Basketball in American is so popular with universities that nation-wide university matches are held yearly.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7. Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentionedKEY：CBAABCA。

医学考研英语试题及答案医学考研英语模拟试题一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）Passage 1Researchers have found that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables can significantly reduce the risk of developing certain types of cancer. The study, which followed over10,000 participants for a period of ten years, showed that those who consumed at least five servings of fruits and vegetables daily had a 30% lower risk of developing cancer compared to those who consumed less than three servings a day.Questions:1. According to the study, what is the impact of a diet richin fruits and vegetables on cancer risk?A. It increases the risk of cancer.B. It has no significant impact on cancer risk.C. It significantly reduces the risk of developing certain types of cancer.D. It eliminates the risk of all types of cancer.Passage 2The latest medical breakthrough in the treatment ofAlzheimer's disease involves the use of a new drug that targets the beta-amyloid plaques in the brain. These plaques are believed to be one of the primary causes of the disease. The drug has shown promising results in clinical trials, improving cognitive function and slowing the progression of the disease.Questions:2. What is the primary target of the new drug for Alzheimer's treatment?A. Cognitive functionB. Beta-amyloid plaquesC. The progression of the diseaseD. The cause of the disease二、完形填空（共15分，每题3分）The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently launched a campaign to raise awareness about the importance of mental health. Mental health is as important as physical health and should not be overlooked. The campaign aims to educate people about the signs of common mental health disorders and to encourage them to seek help when necessary.3. The WHO campaign is focused on ________ the significance of mental health.A. ignoringB. emphasizingC. avoidingD. minimizing4. Mental health is considered as ________ as physical health.A. less importantB. equally importantC. more importantD. unimportant三、词汇与语法（共25分，每题5分）5. The doctor suggested that the patient should ________ a balanced diet to improve his health.A. stick toB. come up withC. look intoD. get away from6. Despite the recent advances in medical technology, thereare still many diseases that are ________ to cure.A. possibleB. impossibleC. likelyD. unlikely7. The research team ________ the data for hours before they could draw any conclusions.A. analyzedB. was analyzingC. had analyzedD. have analyzed四、翻译（共20分，每题10分）8. 将下列句子从英文翻译成中文。