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Unit 1 Travel LanguageText1 The Academie Francasie has for decades been the watchdog over the French language. A few years ago, French sensitivity to the influx of English words became so great that law for the purification of French was adopted。
The law covers even technical applications。
For example，in theory, it is now compuslory in France to refer to the Boeing 747 as a gros-porteur, leasing as credit-bail，etc。
the list is very long and detailed and applies to all facets of life. Mr. Chirac，the French President, might well expand on this list and come up with some new French terms for words such as “internet” or “byte stream” just to name a couple。
The mind boggles at what the world might face。
2 Unfortunately （or perhaps not)，the English language is not so protected. Quite apart from the unforgivable deviations from the king’s English prevlent in America，where “honour" is commonly written as “honor” and “night” as “nite," many well-tested has also been give new meanings，making communication somewhat difficult. For example, the boot of a car has become to be called a trunk – a word reserved in England for the main part of a tree。
Unit 1 travel language旅行通用语The Academie Francasie has for decades been the watchdog over the French language. A few years ago, French sensitivity to the influx of English words became so great that law for the purification of French was adopted. The law covers even technical applications. For example, in theory, it is now compuslory in France to refer to the Boeing 747 as a gros-porteur, leasing as credit-bail, etc. the list is very long and detailed and applies to all facets of life. Mr. Chirac, the French President, might well expand on this list and come up with some new French terms for words such as "internet" or "byte stream" just to name a couple. The mind boggles at what the world might face. 数十年来，法兰西语言研究院一直捍卫着法语的尊严。
几年前，由于法国人对英语词汇的入侵非常敏感，该机构颁布了净化法语的法律，其内容甚至涉及专业术语。
就拿波音747 (Boeing747)来说吧，现在法国人必须用法语词gros-porteur；表示出租的leasing 也变成了credit-bail。
1. One theory refers to the sensitivity to the target language as being one of the most important factors in language learning.2. In order to help students in their study of English, the library has decided to lease English films in the original to them.3. On weekends, if one shop puts up discount notices, other shops, big or small, will come up with it by putting up more discount notices.4. When ungrammatical expressions of a language become prevalent in socie they will gradually be~ by the public.5. The closing of the company was not caused by a shortage of capital but by management deficiency.6. Advertisements usually highlight the product or service they advertise to attract customers.7. It is argued that we should withhold the speed of language change; otherwise we may have to learn a new language every twenty years.8. I feel gratitude to him because every time I encountered difficulties in my study he would help me.9. It will take great pains to improve/change the financial situation of the factory.10.Those who advocate the purity of a language protect the language for the sake of their culture.2单元1. Different people have different opinions about whether lying is always bad and whether it should be avoided.2. The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison with the skyscrapers of New York.3. The point at which people draw the line between an acceptable lie and a bad lie varies from individual to individual and culture to culture.4. Mothers who spoil their children often turn a blind eye,t~-~re faults of their children.5. The country needs a leader who will hold the nation togetherwhen violence breaks out.6. A selfish man categorizes all people into two groups, those he likes and those he dislikes.7. She felt offended at my remarks, but it wasn't my intention to hurt her.8. It is wrong for teachers to stereotype naughty students.9. In some foreign countries, a person who intentionally leaves his job can find it easy to step aside for a while, supported by unemployment insurance and other benefits.10. She has gone through tremendous pain since her husband died.那些常常说谎又没有充足理由的人被称为病态说谎者。
.,为帮助学生学习英语，图书馆已决定将英语电影原版电影出租给他们.(), .文档来自于网络搜索，一到周末，如果有一家商店贴出减价广告，其他许多商店，无论大小，都会跟着贴出更多地大减价地招贴.( )文档来自于网络搜索, , , , .文档来自于网络搜索，当某一语言中地一些不符合语法地表达方式流行于社会时，这些表达方式往往会逐渐地被公众所接受.()文档来自于网络搜索.文档来自于网络搜索,这家企业倒闭，并不是因为资金缺乏耳饰因为管理不善.().文档来自于网络搜索，广告通常以突出所宣传地产品或服务来招揽顾客.().文档来自于网络搜索，有人争辩说，我们应当抑制语言发展地速度，否则我们可能每隔年就得学习一种新地语言.()文档来自于网络搜索. 文档来自于网络搜索，我很感激他，因为每当我学习遇到困难时，他总是来帮助我.().文档来自于网络搜索,要改变这个厂地经济状况得花大力气.( ).文档来自于网络搜索，那些主张语言纯净化地人是为了保护他们地文化而保护语言.( ).文档来自于网络搜索,关于说谎是否总是坏地，是否应该避免，不同地人有不同地看法.().文档来自于网络搜索，伦敦最高地大楼同纽约地摩天大楼比起来，仍然算小地.( ).文档来自于网络搜索，在可接受地谎言与恶意地语言之间定界是因人而异地，因文化而异地.( )文档来自于网络搜索.文档来自于网络搜索，溺爱孩子地母亲常常会对自己地孩子地过错睁一只眼闭一只眼.( ’ )文档来自于网络搜索.文档来自于网络搜索，当暴力行为发生地时候，这个国家需要一个能使人民团结一致地领袖.().文档来自于网络搜索，自私者将所有人地分成两类：他喜欢地人和他不喜欢地人.().文档来自于网络搜索，她对我地话感到恼火，但我无意去伤害她.（）’ . 文档来自于网络搜索，老师对调皮地学生抱有成见是错误地.(). 文档来自于网络搜索，在有些国家，一个人如果有意不想工作，可以很容易地退出一段时间，靠失业保险金和其他福利来维持生活.()文档来自于网络搜索.文档来自于网络搜索，丈夫去世以后，使她经受了极大地痛苦.（）.文档来自于网络搜索,与当今地年轻人不同，在我们还是十几岁地孩子是，就不得不承担起家庭地责任，帮助父母干家务活.( )文档来自于网络搜索.文档来自于网络搜索这一代人对工作认真负责，但他们蔑视其父母及上司那种工作狂似地、拼命工作地心态.( )文档来自于网络搜索.文档来自于网络搜索，当今许多孩子都能独自地使用各种计算机软件程序工作并能很快地理解它们.( ’ ).文档来自于网络搜索，因为他们地幻想破灭了，不知道在新获得地自由在该做些什么，因此被称为“失落地一代”.( )文档来自于网络搜索.文档来自于网络搜索，这些不同文化背景地年轻人都具有共同地爱好，喜欢同样地服饰、音乐和娱乐.(), .文档来自于网络搜索，这一代人非常喜欢娱乐，因此无论在工作岗位上、学校还是在家中，对他们来说，过地快活是最重要地.( )文档来自于网络搜索, . 文档来自于网络搜索，在中国，许多人把自己地工作看作为自己地事业，因此对工作单位忠心耿耿，富有责任感.( )文档来自于网络搜索.文档来自于网络搜索,这些年轻人渴望改善他们地处境，一旦可能有更好地职位，他们总是跳槽.( )文档来自于网络搜索.文档来自于网络搜索，这一代由于受到负罪感重而又常常不在家地父母地溺爱，在政治、教育和经商等方面都没有做好接班地准备.( )文档来自于网络搜索’ .文档来自于网络搜索，年轻地企业家受到激励，与同事携手，以不可匹敌地速度研究并创造新产品.( ) 文档来自于网络搜索.文档来自于网络搜索,一个出身贫寒地青年梦想成为百万富翁，结果幻想彻底破灭，因为他企图使用非法地电子交易手段达到致富地目地.( ’ )文档来自于网络搜索. 文档来自于网络搜索，她好不容易装出一副像是在满意地微笑地表情.( ).文档来自于网络搜索，他最终为解决这个多年来一直未能解决地问题设计出了软件.( ).文档来自于网络搜索，他在一位同学地陪伴下去火车站接他生病地母亲.( ).文档来自于网络搜索，大学毕业后，他被授予一份政府奖学金继续深造，这是他做梦也远远没有想到地.( ’ )文档来自于网络搜索. 文档来自于网络搜索，他是一位优秀教师；每当学生有困难时，他总是和他们在一起.( ).文档来自于网络搜索，他在这个城市默默无闻，但是我猜想他在自己地村子里并非等闲之辈.().文档来自于网络搜索，她说，百万富翁是她爸爸而不是她本人，她要自己养活自己.( ’ )文档来自于网络搜索.文档来自于网络搜索，恕我直言，我认为我们应该采取更为激烈地措施来控制通货膨胀.( ).文档来自于网络搜索，他地公司因管理不善失败以后，他决定在保险业方面碰碰运气.( ’ ).文档来自于网络搜索,当布莱克先生地太太每星期能挣美元时，他开始感到有些不安.( ). $ . 文档来自于网络搜索,随着高新女性人数地增加，越来越多地男士会对妻子地成功感到理所当然.( )文档来自于网络搜索’ .文档来自于网络搜索,使职业妇女感到棘手地问题是：如何弥补她们应对家庭承担地责任.( )文档来自于网络搜索.文档来自于网络搜索,为了安慰病人，许多医生认为对其病情地严重性说地轻些是明智地.( ), . 文档来自于网络搜索，如果一个人地自尊心主要来自他地工作或收入地话，那么他就会感到很难适应经济地位地变化.( )文档来自于网络搜索.文档来自于网络搜索，一项调查表明，夫妻间地一些问题与传统地观念有关.( ).文档来自于网络搜索，由于传统观念，有些丈夫仍竭力阻止妻子从事家庭以外地工作.( ).文档来自于网络搜索，我们应该让人人都明白，当一个人在生活上遇到问题时，以酗酒或寻找婚外情地方式去解决是一种愚蠢地做法.( )文档来自于网络搜索.文档来自于网络搜索，驻香港地总部曾提供给王女士一份很好地工作，但她却拒绝了，因为她有一个刚满两岁地孩子.( )文档来自于网络搜索.文档来自于网络搜索，一位著名影星年来与她地丈夫一直以恩爱地夫妻地姿态出现在公众场合，但最近她却宣布将要离婚.( )文档来自于网络搜索.文档来自于网络搜索。
A 1、A deficiency in educational2、A survey shows that ambitious3、All the children in deficient4、Although he was confronted with5、Electronic art is a6、After his graduation from try his luck7、As you are married spouse8、A person who has therapist9、An overwhelming majority10、A number of formidable11、a number of (hypotheses)12、About 100 years theorized13、After cutting the wheat glean14、After two hours .manifest15、almost all the real (stipulate)16、All the survivors psychotherapy17、Americans are tilt18、As a top student. .initiated19、Any action disruptB 1、Between Christmas list2、Because he was driving deviate3、Bert*s wife stick by4、Buying a stretch cost big bucks5、Bill disliked？was mutual6、Both sides have？binding onC1、Could you spare me2、Climate is especil in the case of3、Chronic in digestion come in forms D1、During the interview, certainty2、Do you kown was referred to as3、Death was criminologist4、During negotiation contentiousE1、Examples extracted from2、European TV in comparison3、Electronic art4、Examples of successful initiative5、Educators are worried cocoonF1、Foreign language learners courtesy2、for different endowments3、Faced with the to the hilt4、Feeling a threat depreciateH1、He is loved by sense2、He met with be having an affair with3、He has been watching for every mail4、He is of American origins5、He was arrested and committing6、He is a shrewd7、He left his seek his fortune8、He capabilities opening9、Having the car screwed up10、His behavior is depressive11、His friends slapped12、He showed us all gleanings13、He took her alarmingly14、He wangted to to the hilt15、His life was compartmentalized16、He was a famous articulately17、he is a very (sheer)18、He is quite different s s parklesI1、It is important that functional2、In spite of a good confronted3、It is a very demanding novelty4、In order to make some lease5、It is very interesting prevalent6、It is reported that extracting7、I couldn*t believe he had a stroke8、It is really amazing stroke9、If you want to quit goes with10、I was born and grew up11、I still feel it draw a line between12、I should not let him take on13、In that country, piled up14、It is unlikely that amount to15、If you don*t kown end up16、I asked him was working out17、In order to have a touchy18、In order to prevent in public19、It is a place where dignity20、It is the accumulated differentiates21、I have been ashamed of my refusal22、I could hear (blundering )23、In many places laissez-faire 24、In order to attract fluctuates25、in order to (get into tamper)26、it is unrealistic(infallible)27、it is reported that (conned)28、It was too dark identify29、It is always prudent30、It is wrong for destinyL1、Long time tension deviantly2、Lioyd has carved a niche for3、Life was pure miseryM1、Many discoveries sensitivity2、Many teenagers compulsion3、Many new and lease4、Many immigrants deficiency5、More than twenty confrontation6、Many people in China going through7、Most foreign visitors on their own8、My university, excellence9、My friends and I overly violent10、Many people feel run amok11、Many people stand manifestation12、Many countries have victims13、Many people enjoy wrestling14、Mr.Steele thinks victimization15、more and more people (wincing)N1、Nowadays the tradition prevalent2、Not many people beyond their dreams3、Nowdays the (instantaneously)4、Nowadays,some monstersO1、One evening, stroke2、On children*s Day, waiting around3、On this hot irresistible4、on a hot day (fling off)P1、People who are sensitive2、People feel sorry stroking3、People are expecting be done with it4、People*s appearance makes a difference5、Ping Smulling penaltyS1、Some people are very sensitive2、Statistics reveal prevalent3、Some scientists and doctor purified4、Sometimes, leasing an5、Some people believe hold our peopletogether6、Sometimes, the subtle7、She likes her new job gallivant8、Some educators holding back9、She is quite comfortable with10、She had a talent for11、She sang an emotional12、She suffered burnout13、She was absent a touch of14、She bought a stroll15、she is a good (choked)16、She's an excellent conscientious17、Some people want prestige18、Some problem student identity19、students who by the book20、such a kind (After all)21、surveys made by (fallible)T1、This book is highlights2 The applicants documents withheld3、The Chinese government compulsory4、Those who plan compulsory5、The investigation deviation6、The prevalence of complaints7、The demerits deficient8、There is no need extracts9、Two U.S Army confronted10、The proverb“spare the rod and spoil thechild”11、The documents came in response to12、That pop singer teamed up with13、They look upon training14、Ted cleaned out his desk15、The young generation hates slavingaway16、The big company corporate17、The consulant even devious18、The actress now estate19、The young woman greed20、The policeman took away violated21、These were creatures so to speak22、The strange noise turned out23、They went into a small bar counterpart24、The experienced businessman counseled25、The director told the prospective26、The problem of some adorable27、The projector is connected with28、Aside from taking twenty29、The cultural argument heritage30、The vegetarian ingredients31、They are convinced in corporate32、The minister mandatory33、The tragedy could averted34、The U.S. government rash of35、The best moral sanction36、There was a definite bias37、The British Army in the throes of38、The identical twins adjoining39、These community are likely to40、The investigation bureaucrats41、The university priority42、Through long-time currency43、The people’s shrine44、The differences irreconcilable45、The governing body constituted46、The football match wrestling47、They wrestled the whole day48、The salesman talked victimized49、The colour and manifests50、The saying he gleaned51、The boy said impulsion52、The newly-unearthed embodies53、These sculptures are embodiment54、The arrangement and embodies55、The suffering of multitudinous56、Teachers are required initiate57、the professor had (obscure)58、the treasurer (screwed up)59、the baby kept (embedded)60、To show our appreciation61、To express their multitude62、this man has (credulous)63、these islands are(nonetheless)V Viewers in Shanghai at their disposalW1、We should not turn a blind eye to2、We saw a lot of flattering3、With the encouragement take comfort in4、We had planned make up for it5、With keen insight,6、With the development believe in7、We went to specializes in8、When we visited at any given moment9、With the support multitude10、When she learned that impulse11、We should carefully impulsive12、When he was contending13、Whether the stationed contention14、When kids meddlesomeY1、You will be spared the fine2、Young people tend jump ship3、You need to bring a spare tire改错：A project --C、byA knowledge --C、itA Brazilian--C、untilA great--D、of whichAs you--D、learn better。
Unit OneAnswer KeyComprehensionA1. D2.It contrasts the attitudes of the French and the English-speaking people towardkeeping their mother tongue "pure."3.The author does not appreciate the French attitude. He believes that they havegone to the extreme, because he says that 'the mind boggles at what the world might face. "That means the French are so sensitive that it is difficult to imagine what they will do to keep French pure in the future.4. B5.It refers to the differences between British and American English with regard topronunciation and spelling of English. The author seems to agree with the Americans' viewpoint.6. C7.The King's English refers to English in its most proper and formal use. However,as it is used in foreign places, it is often used improperly. Here "lingo" mocks the formality of English that no longer exists in these foreign Usages8.Foreign varieties of English are very different from the original standard BritishEnglish, sometimes they are barely recognizable.9. B10.The author thinks that communication is more important than the purification ofthe English language.B1. fast delivery (of the product)/rapid killing (of the customer)2. Please hang your own coat and hat here/die by hanging yourself3. "revolutionary" ideas are being sold/disgusting new ideas are being sold4. best bakers/idle, lazy persons5. the latest rnethod/a Christian denomination6. a doctor for women's diseases/regard women as a disease or womanizer (vulgarmeaning)7. press the button of the lift to move it/inefficiency of the lift8. how to get service/open the door and call out the words “Room service”. (rude)9. in an European atmosphere/a car that rushes a person to the hospital10. serve the best wine/our wine is very bad; hopeless11. from 12~ 14 o'clock chamber maids are not busy/treat chambermaids unfairly(with possible sexual meaning)12. the pictures were painted in the last ten years/the painters were put to death13. leave your laundry/be naked or take off your clothes14. dancing is going on/very vulgar language (a reference to male sex organs)15. moral requirement for who can share the same room/implies that men and womenmust marry in order to live togetherVocabulary and StructureA1--b 2--d 3--f4—j 5—I 6--hB1. sensitive2. list3. prevalent4. deficiency5. withheld6. certainty7. functional 8. confronte 9. courtesy10. spared 11. stroke 12. ambitious13. purified 14. highlights 15. noveltyC1. A. sensitive B. sense C. sensitivity2. A. compulsory B. compulsion C. compulsory3. A. Lease B. lease C. leasing4. A. deviate B. deviantly C. deviation5. A. prevalence B. prevalent C. prevalent6. A. deficient B. deficiency C.deficient7. A. extracts B. extracting C. extracted8. A, confronted B. confrontation C. confronted9. A, spare B. spare C. spare10. A. stroke B. stroking C. strokeD1. C. make alternative2. B. of taking advantage3. C. of a head injury4. D. remains5. A. accepted6. A. as much energy as7. C. would end up 8. C. has been9. B. or 10. D. with whichE1. language2. associates3. in-laws4. total5. responds6. swell7. Hardly8. lives9. dreams 10. aloud 11. ourselves 12. so13. distinguishes 14. humanity 15. makes 16. expressed17. source 18. newborn 19. act 20. tradition Speaking(Open)Translation and Writing在过去，当探险者或商人们走出家园到外面的世界去寻找新的领地、市场或原材料资源时，他们通常与跟他们打交道的当地人说的不是同一种语言。
Unit 1 travel languageThe Academie Francasie has for decades been the watchdog over the French language. A few years ago, French sensitivity to the influx of English words became so great that law for the purification of French was adopted. The law covers even technical applications. For example, in theory, it is now compuslory in France to refer to the Boeing 747 as a gros-porteur, leasing as credit-bail, etc. the list is very long and detailed and applies to all facets of life. Mr. Chirac, the French President, might well expand on this list and come up with some new French terms for words such as “internet”or “byte stream”just to name a couple. The mind boggles at what the world might face.Unfortunately (or perhaps not), the English language is not so protected. Quite apart from the unforgivable deviations from the king’s English prevlent in America, where “honour”is commonly written as “honor”and “night”as “nite,”many well-tested has also been give new meanings, making communication somewhat difficult. For example, the boot of a car has become to be called a trunk –a word reserved in England for the main part of a tree. The bonnet is a hood, good old nappies are diapers, and a baby’s matinee jacket is a vest. It’s obvious that the two countries are indeed separated by what once was a common language! From an American point of view, of course, it could be argued that the British speak English with a speech deficiency.Even worse English, however, is in use. Anyone who travels in foreign countries and observes it on menus and posters, in hotels, and indeed in everyday life can testify that whatused to be the king’s lingo has become in these places but a poor relation thereof. Allow me to elaborate.The travel writer Perrot Phillips has taken pains to highlight some of his experiences, which I feel should not be withheld from a wider readership. He refers to a Dutch bulb catalogue which promised customers “a speedy execution”and to an East Berlin cloakroom sign that requested guests to “please hung yourself here.”One hopes that nobody took the advice literally.To these I can add some of my own experiences, encountered in long years of traveling the world. There was, for example, the observation in an Ostend novelty shop that “revolting new ideas”were being marketed, and the boast of some Bombay bakers that “we are No. 1 loafers, best values in whole town.”I realized how far Christinanity had come when I read in Hong Kong the following call by a dentist: The teeth they are extracted here by the latest Methodists.I fear it can not be answered with certainty whether these actually illustrate a progressive use of English or are simply reflections of local usages. I feel quite strongly, however, that the Haifa Medical Association should have prevented one of its members from claiming on his brass plate that he is a “Specialist in Women and Other Diseases.”Hotels seem to revel in their multilingual signs. One supposes these signs were designed to facilitate the use of modern services in otherwise sterile and barely functional establishments. Nevertheless, the unsuspecting guests confronted in a Brussels hotel with the followinginstruction for the use of the life (elevator) might well prefer to walk: “To move the life, push button to wishing floor. If the cabin should enter more persons, each one should push number of wishing floor. Driving is then going alphabetically by natural order. Button retaining pressed position shows received command for visiting station.”The less sophisticated notice in Istanbul (“To call room service, please to open door and call ROOM SERVICE”) at least does not confront the guest with electronics that might not always work. In Turkey, the delight in “straight talk”expresses itself in the by-now-famous Ankara brochure which advises, “Visit our restaurant where you can eat Middle East foods in an European Ambulance.”A note on a Swiss menu that “Our wines leave nothing to hope for”was equally inviting.Eastern European courtesies have never left the once grand hotels of the former Austro-Hungarian empire. A notice in the hotel rooms that “the honoured guests are invited to take advantage of the chamber maids from 12-14 o’clock”might, however, result in some unplanned traffic jams. A recent Moscow exhibition’s announcement drew attention to “a showing of 300 paintings by Russian artists, most of whom were executed in the last ten years”–hardly a welcoming thought to the occasional visitor.A Bangkok laundry’s advertisement to the visiting public (“Leaving your clothes here and enjoy yourself”) could also be seen as a invitation to extracurricular activities in that Far Eastern capital of fun.In Rome, a laundry advertised a similar invitation: Ladies, leave your clothes here and spendthe afternoon having a good time.It should not surprise the traveller that nightspots advertise their wares in Europe in many and diverse language. The German preoccupation with Majorca led a Munich nightclub to copy a trilingual Palma announcement that dancing was going on in what is indeed a surprising way. The notice read, “Baile! Baile! Baile!”in Spanish, “T anz! T anz! Tanz!”in German, and “Balls! Balls! Balls!”in what was meant to be English. We are spared the upper Bavarian version of the activity.The Black Forest Germans, on the other hand, are known to be rather prudish in their outlook, but is it really necessary to post a sign: “It is strictly forbidden on our Black Forest camping site that people of different sexes, for example men and women, live together in one tent unless they are married with each other for that purpose.”I am told that for the otherwise unsuspecting tourist, the following sign proved a real crowd puller. Parrot Phillips claims it to be true that in an Austrian hotel room he found the sign: “If service required, give two strokes to the maid and three to the valet.”There are undoubtedly more and varied versions of the use of English, unprotected as our language is from the interference of emerging and ambitious entrepreneurs. Nevertheless, I prefer seeing English develop as the lingua franca around the world rather than being suffocated for the sake of so-called purity by some ill-advised legislative process.Unit 2 Lies and TruthWhat is truth? –and the opposite question that goes with it: what makes a lie?Philosophers, teachers, and religious leaders from all cultures and periods of history have offered many answers to these questions. Among Euro-North-American writers, there is general agreement on two points. The first is that what we call a “lie”must be told intentionally –that is, if someone tells an untruth but they believe it to be true, we don’t consider them a liar. The second point is that practically everyone lies, and lies frequently. But there the agreement ends.One rather extreme point of view is that lying is always bad and that we should try to find ways avoid doing it. The reason is that lying hurts not only the listener, but also the liar. Each lie makes the next one easier to tell, and the liar comes not only to disrespect herself, but to mistrust others, whom she believes will lie as easily as she. In a society, where lying is common, trust becomes impossible, and without trust, cooperation can not exist. Furthermore, by lying to people, we remove their power to make important choices about how to spend money, what future career to take, what medical treatment to take.Toward the opposite extreme is the position that although some lies are evil, many others are not –in fact, they are necessary to hold our society together. We lie in harmless ways to protect other’s feelings and to better our relationship. These are not lies that try to hurt others. We laugh at the boss’s joke which we have heard before and which she doesn’t tell very well; we pretend interest in a friend’s story of something uninteresting that happened to him. If someone asks us a question that is very personal and is none of their business, we may lie in response. Sometimes we lie to protect the reputation or even the life of another person.On a larger scale, government may protect national security by lying.Each person seems to have some point at which they draw the line between an acceptable lie and a bad lie. Obviously, this point varies from individual to individual and from culture to culture. A sometimes painful part of growing up is realizing that not everyone shares your own individual definition of honesty. Your parents and your culture may teach you that liars suffer, but as you go through life, you find that often they don’t: in fact, dishonest people often seem to prosper more than honest ones. What are you to do with this realization? It may make your moral beliefs look weak and silly in comparison, and you may begin to question them. It takes a great deal of strength and courage to continue living an honest life in the face of such reality.Little white lies: This is our name for lies that we consider harmless and socially acceptable. They are usually told to protect the liar or the feelings of the listener. Most of them would be considered social lies, and they include apologies and excuses: “I tried to call you, but your line was busy.”“You’re kidding! You don’t look like you’ve gained a pound.”Some people, however, would consider it acceptable to lie to save themselves from responsibility in a business transaction: “After I got home, I noticed that it was broken, so I’m returning it and would like my money back.”Occasionally a “little white lie”may have a very profound effect on the lives of the listeners, and may even backfire. Author Stephanie Ercsson tells of the well-meaning U.S. Army sergeant who told a lie about one of his men who had been killed in action. Thesergeant reported the man as “missing in action,”not killed, so that the military would continue sending money to the dead man’s family every month. What he didn’t consider was that because of his lie, the family continued to live in that narrow space between hope and loss, always watching for the mail or jumping when the telephone or the doorbell rang. They never were able to go through the normal process of sorrowing for, and then accepting, the death of their father and husband. The wife never remarried. Which was worse, the lie or the truth? Did the sergeant have the right to do what he did to them?What we really mean when we call an untruth a “little white lie”is that we think it was justifiable. Into this category fall many of the lies told within the walls of government. A person may lie to government, or a government official may lie to the public, and believe that by doing so, he becomes a hero. Clearly, however, one person’s “little white lie”is another person’s “dirty lie.”That brings us to the second category:Dirty lies: There are lies told with intent to harm the listener or a third party and to benefit the liar. Into this category fall the lies of some dishonest salespersons, mechanics, repairmen; husbands or wives who are having an affair with someone else; teenagers who lie to get out of the house in order to do things that their parents would die if they knew about it; drug addicts who beg family members for money to support their habit. Dirty lies my be told to improve one person’s reputation by destroying another’s, to hurt a colleague’s chances of promotion so that the liar will be advanced.Lies of omission: Some people believe that lying covers not only what you say, but alsowhat you choose not to say. If you’re trying to sell a car that burns a lot of oil, but the buyer don’t ask about that particular feature, is it a lie not to tell them? In the United States, a favorite place to withhold the truth is on people’s income tax returns. The government considers this an unquestionable lie, and if caught, these people are severely punished. If omission can be lying, history books are great liars. Until recently, most U.S. history textbooks painted Christopher Columbus purely as a hero, the man who “discovered America,”and had nothing to say about his darker side. Moreover, most Native American and African-American contributors to science, technology, invention, literature, art, discovery, and other areas of civilization used to be omitted form children’s schoolbooks. Many people considered this a lie, and today’s history books usually mention at least some of it, though not as much as some people might like.False promises: This category is made up of promises that the promiser knows are false, that he has no intention of keeping even as the world leave his lips. While some are fairly harmless and social, others are taken more seriously and can hurt the listener: “I’ll never do it again, I promise.”Advertisers and politicians suffer from terrible stereotypes because of the false promises of some of their number: “Lose 50 pounds in two weeks.”“Read my lips: No new taxes.”Probably everyone would agree that if we make a promise but have no intention of keeping it, we lie. But what if we really do plan to keep it, and then something happens to prevent it? Consider the journalist who promises not to indentify his resources, but then is pressured by his newspaper or by the law. How far should he go to keep his word?If he breaks his promise, is he dishonest?Lies to oneself: This is perhaps the saddest and most pathetic kind of lying. These are the lies that prevent us from making needed changes in ourselves: “I know I drank/spent/ate too much yesterday, but I can control it any time I really want to.”But there is a fine line between normal dreams and ambitions on the one hand, and deceiving ourselves on the other, and we have to be careful where we draw it. It’s common for young people to dream of rising to the top of their company, of winning a Nobel Prize, of becoming famous or rich; but is that self-deception, or simply human nature? Were they lying to themselves? More likely, they really believed that such a future was open to them, because they had seen it happen to others. We shouldn’t be too hard on ourselves, but if we have turned a blind eye to our faults, we should take an honest look in the mirror.There is no question that the terms “lying”and “honesty”have definitions that vary across culture boundaries. Members of one culture may stereotype members of another as “great liars,”“untrustworthy,”or “afraid to face the truth.”But what may lie behind these differences is that one culture values factual information even if it hurts, while another places more value on sensitivity to other people’s feelings. While the members of each culture believe that of course their values are the right ones, they are unlikely to convince members of other cultures to change over. And that’s “the truth.”Unit 3 Generation XIt’s often said that kids today aren’t what they used to be. But is this new generation ofteenagers and young adults, commonly referred to as “Generation X”or the “baby busters,”really so different from previous generations? What makes them tick? What impact will they have on us and our institutions as we move into the future?Current TrendsTwenty years ago, employers didn’t worry about finding enough good people. Just like a box of tissues, there was always another candidate that would pop right up. But the 18-year baby boom of 1946-1964, when birth rates peaked at 25.3 births per 1,000 population, was followed by the 11-year “baby bust,”when the rate fell to a low of 14.6 births per 1,000. This means the smallest pool of entry-level workers since the 1930s. “Generation X,”as they were dubbed in a 1991 novel by Canadian writer Douglas Coupland, realize the numbers are on their side. They are now mainly in their 20s, and they see themselves as very marketable in the workplace. They feel that they can be patient when choosing a job, and they can look for the best wages.This generation has watched more TV, and as a result has probably witnessed more violence and murders, than any generations in history. In addition, their gloomy view of the world has been shaped by numerous negative events, such as the Persian Gulf War, escalating crime, riots, AIDS, the nuclear threat, and pollution.They parents practiced birth control and abortion and were highly concerned about “making it”financially. About 40% of X’ers are products of divorce, and many were brought up in single-parent homes. The emotional upheaval and conflict this causes helped shapetheir view of the family and the world. It seems to have sent out a negative message to X’ers about their value and worth.Many young believe that their economic prospects are gloomy. They believe that they will not do as well financially as their parents or their grandparents. They know that the average income for young people, even with two or three college degrees, has declined significantly over the past generations. Many feel that their chances of finding the job and salary they want are bleak.Couple with the high divorce rate with the fact that many were latchkey children and you get a generation who may have had more time alone than any in history. They are also the first to spend considerable time in day care. At home, they were weaned on TV, high tech, video games, and computers. They became independent at a young age. Many had to grow up fast, taking on family responsibilities or part-time jobs to help out. All this has helped them become very freedom-minded, individualistic,and self-absorbed.Many resent the fact that their parents were not home to spend more time with them. An often heard sentiment is that things will be different when they raise their own families.The loyalty and commitment to the workplace that previous generations had is gone. Generation X’ers watched their grandparents slave away only to receive a gold watch and pension upon retirement. Thirty or more years of loyalty sometimes ended with a security guard helping them to clean out their desks and escorting them out the door. Their parents’dedication to the company has been repaid with downsizing and layoffs.Young people feel there is no such thing as job security. They feel they don’t want to wait around and pay their dues when there is no long-term commitment from the top. They can’t believe that their boomer bosses spend 60 or more hours a week at a job that they constantly complain about. They strongly believe there is life after work.Generation X’ers take longer to make job choices. They look upon a job as temporary instead of as a career, partly because they want to keep their options open. They are always looking to jump ship when they can upgrade their situation. They will often leave a job at the hint of a better position.This generation seems to do things at a much later age than their parents. They graduate from college later, stay at home longer, and marry much later. Many who leave home come back again, sometimes more than once. This is due in part to the high cost of living and the fact that many have piled up huge studentloan debts. In contrast with the baby boomers, who couldn’t wait to leave home, Generation X’ers save their money so they can live better when they do leave. It may be that some just want to delay the time when they are on their own, because they spent so much time alone as children.Many of X’ers’parents were busy in the morning getting ready for work and too tired to have any quality time with their children at night. X’er classrooms were often overcrowded. It was hard for the X’ers to get noticed, so as adults they have a need to be noticed. Often, they seek that attention in the workplace.Whether from watching TV or from being spoiled by their guilt-ridden, seldom-homeparents or grandparents, X’ers have come to expect a whole lot for nothing. They have a strong propensity for instant gratification, wanting it all and wanting it fast. Their favorite TV programs are soap operas. They would like their world to be filled with the same good-looking people, dressed in the latest fashions, with lots of money and prestige, and without having to work too hard.It is not uncommon for X’ers to get out of high school and expect to be paid well despite minimal skills. Many disdain low-wage “McJobs”at fast-food chains. Young college graduates look to start at high paying positions with power and perks. They have little patience for working their way up.Yet, the X’ers feel that making money is not as important as experiencing life. To be a workaholic is to have no life. Consequently, a paradox exists between how they view life and what they think they need from it.Future TrendsThe first boomers are only 10 or 12 years away from retiring –and finally out of the way of the next generation. The X’ers will begin to take over in politics, arts and culture, education, media, and business. This should lead to a time of better problem solving and quicker solutions, as they hate political maneuvering and want to get to solutions in a fast, no-nonsense way.X’ers don’t like the fact that their parents spent so many hours working. They promise to do better with their children, being more accessible and providing a more stable home life.Since many of them will marry later when they are more mature, the divorce rate will finally begin to dip.When X’ers control the organizations of tomorrow, they will create a shorter workweek, so people will have more time to spend with their families and leisure activities. Productivity won’t suffer, as technology will enable people to be more productive. In addition, the X’ers’disdain for office politics and desire to solve problems faster will improve productivity. If organizations do not manage their human resources better, X’ers will leave to find or create a more humane workplace.Many Generation X’ers have a freedom-minded and individualistic nature. They like to be left alone to solve problems. They are a perfect group to become consultants, as already evidenced by so many venturing out on their own.Organizations will come to rely on the X’ers’entrepreneurial spirit to foster innovation. They will create systems that will allow “intrapreneurs”to create and run small businesses within a business. The organization’s financial support will allow young people to research and create new products at unparalleled rates. Outside entrepreneurs of this generation will team up with these “intrapreneurs”to create joint ventures.Generation X’ers have started to use their technology skills to create virtual businesses, and they will be the driving force behind this marketplace in the future. They have been quick to take advantage of the lower overhead and quick start-ups that the Internet provides. Being able to reach millions of people with new ideas and products instantly attracts thisgeneration.Generation X has evolved in dramatically different ways than previous generations. What motivated past generations is far different from what motivates this new breed. But the changes will be for the better in many ways. Kids may not be what they used to be, but if we listen, there is a lot we can learn from them. The future will be a better place if we do.Unit 4 SuccessA young man of humble origins came to New York from the Midwest to seek his fortune. He dreamed, in the American way, of becoming a millionaire. He tired his luck on Wall Street. He was diligent and shrewd and, when he had to, devious. He put together the National Worldwide Universal deal and he did some things with an electronics acquisition that wouldn’t bear explaining. He succeeded even beyond his dream: he made twelve million dollars.At first the young man assumed that everything was working out splendidly. “Isn’t is grand?”he said to his wife, once it was apparent that he had made twelve million dollars.“No, it isn’t,”his wife said. “You’re a nobody.”“But that’s impossible,”the young man said. “I’m rich person. We live in an era that celebrates rich people. Rich people are shown in the newspapers in the company of moviestars and famous novelists and distinguished dress designers. The names of the richest corporate raiders are known to every schoolboy. There are rich real estate sharks whose faces appear on the covers of glossy magazines.”“Yours won’t,”his wife said. “You’re a nobody.”“But I have twelve million dollars,”the young man said.“So do a lot of people,”his wife said. “They’re nobodies, too.”“I could buy our way onto the committees of important charity balls,”the young man said. “Then we’d be mentioned in the columns.”“Don’t kid yourself,”his wife said. “The important committees are already filled with people who are really rich. People like us would end up working on something like a dinner dance to benefit the American Psoriasis Foundation.”“But I own a co-op apartment on Fifth Avenue that’s worth two million dollars,”the young man said.“Two-million-dollar co-ops are a dime a dozen,”his wife said, “so to speak.”“I have a stretch limousine,”the young man said. “It’s twenty-one and half feet long.”“Nobody famous has ever ridden it,”his wife said. “Henry Kissinger and Calvin Klein have never heard of you. You’re a nobody.”The young man was silent for a while. “Are you disappointed with me?”he finally said to his wife.“Of course I’m disappointed in you,”she said, “When you asked me to marry you, you said you would surely amount to something. How was I to know that you’d turn out to be a nobody?”For a moment the young man looked defeated. Then he squared his shoulders and cleared his throat. “I’ll make them pay attention,”he said, “I’ll buy a professional football team and argue a lot with the coach in public. Celebrities will join me to watch big games from the owner’s box.”“You can’t buy a professional football team for twelve million dollars”his wife said. “Professional football teams cost big bucks.”“Then I’ll buy a magazine and appoint myself chief columnist,”the young man said. “A tiny but exceedingly flattering picture of me will run next to my column every week. The owners of professional football teams will invite me to watch big games from the owner’s box.”“You might be able to buy one of those weekly-shopper throwaways for twelve million dollars, but not a real magazine,”his wife said, “You can’t buy a real magazine for chicken feed.”“Is that what you call what we have?”the young man asked. “Is twelve million dollars chicken feed?”“It’s not a big bucks,”his wife said. “What can I tell you?”“But that’s not fair,”the young man said. “I’m a young man of humble origins who madetwelve million dollars. I succeeded even beyond my dream.”“Some of those things you did with the electronics acquisition probably weren’t fair either,”his wife said. “Fair isn’t being measured these days. What they measure is money.”“Then I’ll get more money,”the young man said. “I’m going to go back to Wall Street and make fifty million dollars.”But before the young man could make fifty million dollars a man from the Securities and Exchange Commission came and arrested him for having committed insider-trading violations in the electronics acquisition.The young man was taken away from his office in handcuffs. A picture on the front page of the afternoon paper showed him leaving his arraignment, trying to hide his face behind an $850 Italian overcoat. A long article in the morning paper used him as an example of a new breed of Wall Street traders who were the victims of their own greed, probably because of their humble origins. His friends and associates avoided him.Only his wife stuck by him. She tired to see the bright side. “For someone with twelve million dollars,”she said to the young man, “you’re getting to be pretty well known.”Unit 5 Women, Men & MoneyAha, Money. It’s probably the only thing that complicates life between the sexes as much as。
第一部分课文翻译旅行通用语1 数十年来，法兰西语言研究院一直捍卫着法语的尊严。
几年前，由于法国人对英语词汇的入侵非常敏感，该机构颁布了净化法语的法律，其内容甚至涉及专业术语。
就拿波音747 (Boeing747)来说吧，现在法国人必须用法语词gros-porteur；表示出租的leasing也变成了credit-bail。
此类例子不胜枚举，触及生活的方方面面。
法国总统希拉克很可能会继续加大力度，直至连英特网internet和字节流(信息组) byte stream之类的词也找到相应的法语新词。
哎，真不知未来的法语会变成什么样。
2 不幸的是(或许并非不幸)，英语没有受到如此的保护。
在美国，随处可见严重偏离英国标准英语的美式英语。
“honour”普遍被写成“honor”，“night”也变成了“nite”。
许多词意广为人知的英式英语单词被赋予新的解释，交流也变得有些困难。
比如说，汽车的行李箱“boot”变成了“trunk”(一个在英国指代树干的单词)；引擎盖“bonnet”变成了“hood”(英式英语中的风帽)；老式婴儿尿布“nappy”变成了“diaper”(英式英语中的菱格花纹织物)；婴儿小外套“matineejacket”也变成了“vest”(英国的内衣汗衫)。
显而易见，两国英语同出一源，而如今却将两国彼此隔离。
当然了，按美国人的观点，是英国人的语言表达出了问题。
3 实际使用中，甚至还有更糟的英语呢!只要你在外国旅游并注意一下菜单、海报、旅店、甚至当地日常生活中的英语，就可以证明过去的标准用语在这些地方已变得不伦不类，让我详例如下：4 旅行作家波洛?菲利浦曾不惜笔墨地渲染自己的几番经历，我觉得该有更多的读者了解一下。
他提及某份荷兰的灯泡目录，上面对用户承诺有“a speedy execution‟——快速处死(毫无疑问，想表达的应是“送货及时”)。
此外，东柏林的一个衣帽间告示要求客人“please hang yourself here”——请在这儿吊死自己(本想说的是“将衣帽挂在这儿”)。
1 One theory refers to the sensitivity to the target language as being one of the most important factors in language learning.有一种理论，把对目的语的敏感性视作语言学习中最重要的因素之一。
2 In order to help students in their study of English, the library has decided to lease the original editions of English films.为帮助学生学习英语，图书馆已决定将英语原版电影出租给他们。
3 On weekends, if one shop puts up discount notices, other shop, big or small, will come up with more discount notices.一到周末，如果有一家商店贴出减价广告，其他许多商店，无论大小，都会跟着贴出更多的大减价的招贴。
4 When ungrammatical expressions of a language become prevalent in society, they will gradually become accepted by the public.当某一语言中的一些不符合语法的表达方式流行于社会时，这些表达方式往往会逐渐被地被公众所接受。
5 The closing of the company was not caused by a shortage of capital but by management deficiency.这家企业倒闭，不是因为资金缺乏而是因为管理不善。
6 Advertisements usually highlight the product or service they advertise to attract customers.广告通常突出所宣传的产品或服务来招揽顾客。
u n i t多维教程探索课后习题文档编制序号：[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]ExercisesB部分1 The big company has a corporate way of doing most things and it is much the same whether in Hong Kong or in Shanghai.这家大公司有一个公司的做法大多数事情都是一样的,无论在香港或在上海。
2 The consultant even suggested that they use devious means to justify their actions.顾问甚至建议,他们使用狡滑奸诈的手段来证明他们的行动。
3 He is of American origins but he is now a naturalized Chinese subject with a Chinese name.他是美国的起源但他现在裔语文学科与中国的名字。
4 The actress now lives most of year on her country estate.那位女演员现在每年的大多数时间住在她的国家遗产。
5 The young woman’s greed for expensive jewelry was well known.这位年轻女士的贪婪是众所周知的奢华的珠宝。
6 He was arrested and sentenced to 10 years’ imprisonment for committing several crimes.他被逮捕并被判处十年以上有期徒刑而实施数罪并罚。
7 We saw a lot of flattering pictures of Wellington in the museum.我们看见许多谄媚的惠灵顿的照片的博物馆。
ExercisesB部分1 Do you know why the generation in America during the decade of the 1950’s1 was dubbed as/was referred to1 as the Silent Generation?你知道为什么生成的十年”在美国在1950年是被戏称为/被称作寂静的呢?2 I should not let him 1take on 1this job; he has been working overtime every evening.我不应该让他接受这份工作,他已经超时工作,每天晚上。
3 On Children’s Day, many restaurants are crowed with people, and customers are kept 1waiting around 1for a whole hour.对儿童的一天,很多餐馆都是拥挤的人,让他等着,客户是在整整一个小时。
4 In that country, university students must pay a large amount of tuition and, as a result, some students from poor families have 1piled up 1student-loan debts.护士那个国家,大学生必须付出大量的学费,因此,一些来自贫困家庭的学生有一小堆student-loan债务。
5 Young people tend to1 jump ship 1whenever they have a better chance to improve their situation.年轻的人们倾向于跳槽,只要他们有更好的机会去改善自己的处境6 That pop singer1 teamed up with 1 some other people and established a new band, which enjoyed great popularity among young people.那个流行歌手和另外一些人,建立了一个新乐队,在年轻人中很受欢迎。
1. One theory refers to the sensit ivity to the target langua ge as beingone of the most import ant factor s in langua ge learni ng.2. In orderto help studen ts in theirstudyof Englis h, the librar y has decide d to leaseEnglis h filmsin the origin al to them.3. On weeken ds, if one shop puts up discou nt notice s, othershops, big or small, will come up with it by puttin g up more discou nt notice s.4. When ungram matic al expres sions of a langua ge become preval ent in societhey will gradua lly be~ by the public.5. The closin g of the compan y was not caused by a shorta ge of capita l but by manage mentdefici ency.6. Advert iseme nts usuall y highli ght the produc t or servic e they advert ise to attrac t custom ers.7. It is argued that we should withho ld the speedof langua ge change; otherw ise we may have to learna new langua ge everytwenty years.8. I feel gratit ude to him becaus e everytime I encoun tered diffic ultie s in my studyhe wouldhelp me.9. It will take greatpainsto improv e/change the financ ial situat ion of the factor y.10.Thosewho advoca te the purity of a langua ge protec t the langua ge for thesake of theircultur e.2单元1. Differ ent people have differ ent opinio ns aboutwhethe r lyingis always bad and whethe r it should be avoide d.2. The talles t buildi ngs in London are smallin compar isonwith the skyscr apers ofNew York.3. The pointat whichpeople draw the line betwee n an accept ablelie and a bad lie varies from indivi dualto indivi dualand cultur e to cultur e.4. Mother s who spoiltheirchildr en oftenturn a blindeye,t~-~re faults of theirchildr en.5. The countr y needsa leader who will hold the nation togeth erwhe n violen ce breaks out.6. A selfis h man catego rizes all people into two groups, thosehe likesand thosehe dislik es.7. She felt offend ed at my remark s, but it wasn't my intent ion to hurt her.8. It is wrongfor teache rs to stereo typenaught y studen ts.9. In some foreig n countr ies, a person who intent ional ly leaves his job can find it easy to step asidefor a while, suppor ted by unempl oymen t insura nce and otherbenefi ts.10. She has gone throug h tremen douspain sinceher husban d died.那些常常说谎又没有充足理由的人被称为病态说谎者。
Unit 1 travel language旅行通用语The Academie Francasie has for decades been the watchdog over the French language. A few years ago, French sensitivity to the influx of English words became so great that law for the purification of French was adopted. The law covers even technical applications. For example, in theory, it is now compuslory in France to refer to the Boeing 747 as a gros-porteur, leasing as credit-bail, etc. the list is very long and detailed and applies to all facets of life. Mr. Chirac, the French President, might well expand on this list and come up with some new French terms for words such as "internet" or "byte stream" just to name a couple. The mind boggles at what the world might face. 数十年来，法兰西语言研究院一直捍卫着法语的尊严。
几年前，由于法国人对英语词汇的入侵非常敏感，该机构颁布了净化法语的法律，其内容甚至涉及专业术语。
就拿波音747 (Boeing747)来说吧，现在法国人必须用法语词gros-porteur；表示出租的leasing 也变成了credit-bail。
多维教程－探索翻译+课后答案旅行通用语1 数十年来，法兰西语言研究院一直捍卫着法语的尊严。
几年前，由于法国人对英语词汇的入侵非常敏感，该机构颁布了净化法语的法律，其内容甚至涉及专业术语。
就拿波音747 (Boeing747)来说吧，现在法国人必须用法语词gros-porteur；表示出租的leasing也变成了credit-bail。
此类例子不胜枚举，触及生活的方方面面。
法国总统希拉克很可能会继续加大力度，直至连英特网internet和字节流(信息组)byte stream 之类的词也找到相应的法语新词。
哎，真不知未来的法语会变成什么样。
2 不幸的是(或许并非不幸)，英语没有受到如此的保护。
在美国，随处可见严重偏离英国标准英语的美式英语。
“honour”普遍被写成“honor”，“night”也变成了“nite”。
许多词意广为人知的英式英语单词被赋予新的解释，交流也变得有些困难。
比如说，汽车的行李箱“boot”变成了“trunk”(一个在英国指代树干的单词)；引擎盖“bonnet”变成了“hood”(英式英语中的风帽)；老式婴儿尿布“nappy”变成了“diaper”(英式英语中的菱格花纹织物)；婴儿小外套“matineejacket”也变成了“vest”(英国的内衣汗衫)。
显而易见，两国英语曾同出一源，而如今却将两国彼此隔离。
当然了，按美国人的观点，是英国人的语言表达出了问题。
•3 实际使用中，甚至还有更糟的英语呢!只要你在外国旅游并注意一下菜单、海报、旅店、甚至当地日常生活中的英语，就可以证明过去的标准用语在这些地方已变得不伦不类，让我详例如下：4 旅行作家波洛•菲利浦曾不惜笔墨地渲染自己的几番经历，我觉得该有更多的读者了解一下。
他提及某份荷兰的灯泡目录，上面对用户承诺有“a speedy execution‟——快速处死(毫无疑问，想表达的应是“送货及时”)。
此外，东柏林的一个衣帽间告示要求客人“please hang yourself here”——请在这儿吊死自己(本想说的是“将衣帽挂在这儿”)。
Unit 1 travel language旅行通用语The Academie Francasie has for decades been the watchdog over the French language. A few years ago, French sensitivity to the influx of English words became so great that law for the purification of French was adopted. The law covers even technical applications. For example, in theory, it is now compuslory in France to refer to the Boeing 747 as a gros-porteur, leasing as credit-bail, etc. the list is very long and detailed and applies to all facets of life. Mr. Chirac, the French President, might well expand on this list and come up with some new French terms for words such as "internet" or "byte stream" just to name a couple. The mind boggles at what the world might face. 数十年来，法兰西语言研究院一直捍卫着法语的尊严。
几年前，由于法国人对英语词汇的入侵非常敏感，该机构颁布了净化法语的法律，其内容甚至涉及专业术语。
就拿波音747 (Boeing747)来说吧，现在法国人必须用法语词gros-porteur；表示出租的leasing 也变成了credit-bail。
Unit oneTranslation and WritingAIn the past, when explorers or merchants went out into the world to find new lands or markets or sources of raw materials, they often did not share a language with the people with whom they came into contact. When this situation was encountered, one of three solutions was adopted: (1) the foreigners learned the language of their host (or vice versa), (2) they used some third language commonly employed in the region for trading purposes, or (3) a new language emerged, made up of elements from the various native languages of its users. Language that are used for communication among speakers of different language used in the Mediterranean region and based largely on Romance languages (Italian, French, and Spanish) but also containing elements of Greek, Arabic, and Turkish. In the modern world, it is fair to say that English is the most important lingua franca, since it is used as a means of communication between large numbers of people who do not otherwise share a common language.在过去，当探险者或商人们走出家园到外面的世界去寻找新的领地、市场或原材料资源时，他们通常与跟他们打交道的当地人说的不是同一种语言。
维教程·探索·部分练习参考答案1研究生英语系列教程·多维教程·探索·部分练习参考答案1英语 2009-10-23 16:35 阅读104 评论0字号：大中小Unit 2Vocabulary and structureA. 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.D 8.D 9.D 10.BB. 1.going through 2. goes with 3. in response to 4. grew up 5. be having an affair with/ have had an affair with 6. turn a blind eye to 7. hold… together8. watching for 9.in comparison 10.draw a line betw eenC.1.A what is 2.A than have 3.D it 4.D ignored 5.C go 6.D would he be 7.C objected to 8.C though 9.D to say something 10. C. to hi s feetD. Cloze 1.to 2.than 3.expressing 4.always 5.relief 6. But 7.persuade 8.cracked 9.accident10. in turn 11.recall 12.the 13.times 14.exchanged 15.uncovered 16.s olution 17.nor 18.others 19 mind 20.leaveTranslation and writingA 那些常常说谎又没有充足理由的人被称为病态说谎者。
他们会对任何事情说谎。
他们似乎无法控制说谎的冲动。
对这些人的研究表明，他们中很多人小时候受过虐待或者来自有酗酒或有精神病家属史的家庭；也有不少人在他们生长的家庭里，真话得不到尊重，没有人说真话。
