应用语言学chapter4syntaxexercises

应用语言学chapter4syntaxexercises

I. Choose the best answer.

1._____refers to the relationship that linguistic units have with

other units because they may occur together in a sentence.

A.Syntagmatic relations

B. Hypotactic relations

C. Paradigmatic relations

D. Paratactic relations

2.For structuralists,____is one whose distribution is

functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents.

A.Coordinate construction

B. Subordinate construction

C. Endocentric construction

D. Exocentric construction

3.Bloomfield introduced the IC analysis, whose full name is

_____Analysis.

A.Internal component

B. Innate capacity

C. Internal constituent

D. Immediate Constituent

4.The phrase “on the shelf” belongs to ______construction.

A.Endocentric

B. Exocentric

C. Subordinate

D. Coordinate

5.______refers to construction where one clause is

coordinated or conjoined with another.

A.Conjoining

B. Embedding C. Concord

D. Government

6.______is a grammatical category used for the analysis of

word classes displaying such contrast as singular, duel, plural, etc.

A.Category

B. Number

C. Gender

D. Case

7.Which one of them is not the cohesive device?___

A.Ellipsis

B. Reference

C. Substitution

D. Subject

8._____refers to a major constituent of sentence structure in

a binary analysis in which all obligatory constituents rather than

the subject were considered together.

A.Subject

B. Object

C. Predicate

D. Complement

9.Which of the following is not included in the three classes

of syntactic relations?

A.Positional relations

B. Relations of co-occurrence

C. Relations of expansion

D. Relations of substitutability

10.We can often find the phrase immediate constituents

in____.

A.Transformational generative grammar

B. Systematic functional grammar C. Traditional grammar

D. Structural grammar

11.The agent of the sentence “Sam was hit by a truck

running behind a car” is____.

A.A car

B. Sam

C. A truck

D. None of the above

12.The structural approach to the analysis of language was

started by Swiss linguist ____in the beginning of the twentieth

century.

A.Chomsky

B. Halliday C, Saussure D. Fillmore

II. Fill in the blanks.

1.IC is the short form of immediate____used in the study of

syntax.

2.____refers to ties and connections which exist within texts.

They are also called formal links between sentences and between

clauses.

3.Coordination and subordination belong to

_____construction.

4.A______sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking

word, such as “and”, “but”, “or”.

5._____deals with the combination of words into phrases,

clauses and sentences. It is the grammar of sentence construction.

6.Positional relation, or______, refers to the sequential

arrangement of words in a language.

7.Different linguistic theories first differ in their treatment of

sentence structure. In terms of syntax, there are some

representative approaches: the traditional approach, the structural approach, the generative approach,_________etc.

8.Syntactic relations include______,_______and ___________.

9.Traditionally, a sentence is seen as a sequence of words.

The study of sentence formation, therefore, involves a great deal

of the study of the word, such as the classification of words in

terms of parts of speech, the identification of function of words

in terms of subject, predicate, etc. These parts of speech and

functions are sometimes called______.

10.Gender is a grammatical category dividing nouns into

classes basically characterizable in reference to sex. Gender is

also mostly a category of nouns and pronouns. The grammatical

gender includes

feminine, masculine and______.