英语语言学Chapter4

英语语言学Chapter4

Chapter 4

Ⅱ. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which

begins with the letter given:

1. As _____ sentence consists of a single clause which contains

a subject and

a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence.

2. As_____ is a structurally independent unit that usually

comprises a number of words to form a complete statement,

question or command.

3. As _____ may be a noun or a noun phrase in a sentence that

usually precedes the predicate.

4. The part of a sentence which comprises a finite verb or a

verb phrase and which says something about the subject is

grammatically called p_____.

5. A c_____ sentence contains two, or more, clauses, one of

which is incorporated into the other.

6. In the complex sentence, the incorporated or subordinate

clause is normally called an e_____ clause.

7. Major lexical categories are o_____ categories in the sense

that new words are constantly added.

8. A_____ Condition on case assignment states that a case

assignor and a case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.

9. P_____ are syntactic options of UG that allow general

principles to operate in one way or another and contribute to

significant linguistic variations between and among natural

languages.

10. The theory of C_____ condition explains the fact that noun

phrases appear only in subject and object positions. 11. The system of internalized linguistic knowledge of a

language speaker is known as linguistic c_____.

12. For any natural language, a set of s_____ rules are capable

of yielding an endless number of sentences.

13. Normally a sentence consists of at least a subject and a

predicate which contains a f_____ verb or a verb phrase.

14. The sequential order of words in a sentence suggests that

the structure of

a sentence is l_____.

15. The subordinate sentence in a complex is called an e_____

clause and the clause into which it is inserted is called a m_____

clause.

16. In conducting a tree diagram analysis, the principle we

have to stick to is called b_____ division.

17. The r_____ property captures the ability of language to

generate more constituents to a sentence.

18. The p_____ structure rules allow us to better understand

how phrases and clauses are generated.

19. The starting point of an utterance which is known in the

given situation and from which the speaker proceeds is named

t_____.

20. J. Firbas thinks that the extent to which the sentence

element contributes to the development of the communication

is called communicative d_____. III. There are four choices

following each statement. Mark the choice that can best

complete the statement:

1. A sentence is considered _________ when it does not

conform to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native

speakers.

A. right B. wrong

C. grammatical

D. ungrammatical

2. A _________ in the embedded clause refers to the

introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.

A. coordinator

B. particle

C. preposition

D. subordinator

3. Phrase structure rules have _________ properties.

A. recursive

B. grammatical

C. social

D. functional

4. Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand

_________.

A. how words and phrases form sentences.

B. what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words

C. how people produce and recognize possible sentences

D. All of the above.

5. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called

_________.

A. transformational rules

B. generative rules

C. phrase structure rules

D. x-bar theory

6. The theory of case condition accounts for the fact that

__________.

A. noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions.

B. noun phrases can be used to modify another noun phrase C. noun phrase can be used in adverbial positions

D. noun phrase can be moved to any place if necessary.

7. The sentence structure is _________.

A. only linear

B. only hierarchical

C. complex

D. both linear and hierarchical

8. The syntactic rules of any language are _________in number.

A. large

B. small

C. finite

D. infinite

9. The _________rules are the rules that group words and

phrases to form grammatical sentences.

A. lexical

B. morphological

C. linguistic

D. combinational

10. _________ rules may change the syntactic representation

of a sentence.

A. Generative

B. Transformational

C. X-bar

D. Phrase structure

11. Syntax mainly deals with _________.

A. how a language changes through time

B. how words are combined to form sentences and the rules

that govern the formation of sentences

C. how the human work when they use language

D. how a language varies through geographical space