语言学chapter4习题

语言学chapter4习题

Chapter 4 Syntax

Multiple Choice

1. The sentence structure is ________.

A. only linear

B. only hierarchical

C. complex

D. both linear and hierarchical

2. A __________ in the embedded clause refers to the

introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.

A. coordinator

B. particle

C. preposition

D. subordinator

3. Phrase structure rules have ____ properties.

A. recursive

B. grammatical

C. social

D. functional

4. The head of the phrase “the city Rome” is __________.

A. the city

B. Rome

C. city

D. the city Rome

5. The phrase “on the shelf” belongs to __________

construction.

A. endocentric

B. exocentric

C. subordinate D. coordinate

6. The sentence “They were wanted to remain quiet and not

to expose themselves.” is a __________ sentence.

A. simple

B. coordinate

C. compound

D. complex

7. In the sentence “Mary gave a book to him”, “him” is

with a(n) _________ case.

A. accusative

B. dative

C. ablative

D. nominative

8. The relation between any two words in “What a nice day!”

is known as ___________.

A. choice relation

B. paradigmatic relation

C. vertical relation

D. syntagmatic relation

9. __________is mostly a category of the noun and pronoun.

A. Gender

B. Tense

C. Aspect

D. Number

10. Paradigmatic relation is known as _______________.

A. horizontal relation

B. chain relation

C. choice relation

D. semantic relation

11. Which of the following phrases is exocentric? A. a clever girl

B. an ugly man

C. in time

D. fork and knife

12. refers to the relations holding between elements

replaceable with each at particular place in structure, or between

one element present and the others absent.

A. Syntagmatic relation

B. Paradigmatic relation

C. Co-occurrence relation

D. Exocentric relation

13. ______ is a grammatical category used for the analysis of

word classes displaying such contrasts as masculine:

feminine: neuter, animate: inanimate, etc.

A. Case

B. Gender

C. Number

D. Category

14. Syntactically, English is an example of ________ language.

A. VSO

B. SVO

C. SOV

D. OSV

15. What is the construction of the sentence “The boy

smiled”?

A. Exocentric

B. Endocentric

C. Coordinate

D. Subordinate

16. the relation between elements that form part of the same form, sequence, construction, etc. e.g between s, p and r in a form

such as spring, or between a subject and a verb in constructions

such Bill hunts is called .

A. syntagmatic relation

B. paradigmatic relation

C. positional relation

D. relation of substitutability

Fill in each blank below with one word which begins with the

letter given:

1. A __________ sentence consists of a single clause which

contains a subject and a predicate and stands alone as its own

sentence.

2. A __________ is a structurally independent unit that usually

comprises a number of words to form a complete statement,

question or command.

3. A __________ may be a noun or a noun phrase in a sentence

that usually precedes the predicate.

4. The part of a sentence which comprises a finite verb or a

verb phrase and which says something about the subject is

grammatically called __________.

5. In the complex sentence, the incorporated or subordinate

clause is normally called an __________ clause.

6. construction usually includes basic sentence, prepositional

phrase, predicate (verb + object) construction, and connective

(be complement) construction.

7. IC is the short form of immediate used in the study of

syntax.

8. A sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word,

such as "and", "but", "or".

Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement.

1. In a complex sentence, the two clauses hold unequal status,

one subordinating the other.

2. Constituents that can be substituted for one another

without loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic

category.

3. In English syntactic analysis, four phrasal categories are

commonly recognized and discussed, namely, noun phrase, verb

phrase, infinitive phrase, and auxiliary phrase.

4. In English the subject usually precedes the verb and the

direct object usually follows the verb.

5. A noun phrase must contain a noun, but other elements

are optional.

6. Syntax is a subfield of linguistics that studies the sentence

structure of language, including the combination of morphemes

into words.

7. In the phrase “in the near future”, the word “future” is

head.

8. Words like “actor”and “actress” manifest that

grammatical gender strictly corresponds to biological gender.

9. Paradigmatic relation in syntax is alternatively called

horizontal relation.

10.“The student” in the sentence “The student liked the

linguistic lecture.”, and “The linguistic lecture” in the sentence