下载文档原格式
翻译工作坊第三组任务要求:1.由组长分配英汉互译人选，原则上是汉译英3人，英译汉2人。
2.包括组长在内的所有成员就自己所做的部分做翻译报告。
组长还要对集各家之长的两个翻译版本进行汇报。
报告内容可针对翻译原文的背景，作者，文化元素，翻译对策等方面进行阐述。
个人作品汇报时间限制为10分钟，小组作品汇报时间限制为15分钟。
要求做PPT（97-03版本）。
3.所有选课同学都必须完成本组的规定任务（英汉双向），周二下课时提交作业，作为平时成绩的一部分。
汉译英远离亚健康Keeping off the sub-health每天睡7-8小时Sleep seven to eight hours a day健康体魄来自睡眠，没有足够的睡眠就没有健康。
有科学家观察告诉我们：晚上10时至凌晨2时，是人体一天中，物质合成最旺盛、分解最少、人体疲劳恢复的最佳时段；也是人体内两支“国防”力量，B淋巴细胞和T淋巴细胞生长最旺盛时间。
B淋巴细胞和T淋巴细胞强大，人体抗病能力就强，就会少生病、不生病。
此外又是全身除了细胞外，其他各脏器细胞更新关键时刻。
人体错过这一时段，对健康损害是难以估量。
A good sleep plays an important part in a healthy body, without good sleep, healthy body is impossible. Scientists tell us that the time from10:00 pm to 02:00 am is the important time for our body. During this period of time, more substances are synthesized, less disassembled and also the golden time to recover from tiredness. What’s more, this period of time is also the exuberant time for the B lymphocyte and the T lymphocyte, which are the two important “Defense Forces” of our body, to grow. The stronger B lymphocyte and the T lymphocyte are, the more aggressive immunity system is. So that, we have little chance to get ill or never get ill. Besides all the cells of our body, this period of time is also the critical time for the renewal of the cells of other organs. Once this period of time is missed, the damage brought to our body is hard to measure.不忘吃早饭Never forget to have breakfast早饭犹如进补。
第14讲汉译英句子的处理从意合到形合拿到一个汉语句子,尤其是那些平行结构的句子,翻译前要仔细阅读和分析,弄清它的主次成分,如动作的先后顺序、情态和因果关系等。
只有这样,才能使译文准确生动地表达原文的含义,句型活泼,避免呆板。
如这样的句子该如何译?——“总工程师急躁不安,两手插在裤子口袋里,在书桌前踱来踱去。
”如果缺乏分析,急于落笔,很容易把它译成:“The chief engineer was vexed and restless.He put his two hands into his pockets and paced back and forth in front of the desk.”他急躁不安，两只手插在口袋里，在书桌前踱来踱去。
译文一：He was vexed and restless, put hishands into his pockets and paced back and forth in front of the desk.译文二：Vexed and restless, he was pacing back and forth in front of the desk, hands in his pockets.2.燕子去了，有再来的时候译文一Swallows may have gone, but there’s a time of return (转折关系)译文二：Swallows have gone away, and there’s a time of return.(and表示转折关系)译文三：Swallows may have gone while there’s a time of return. (while 等于whereas 或but ,有转折意义)译文四：While swallows may have gone, there’s a time of return(while 等于although) 译文五：Although swallows may have gone, there’s a time of eturn(让步关系)译文六：Swallows will come back again although they have gone.(让步关系)译文七：When swallows have gone, there will be a time to return,(条件关系)译文八：If swallows go away, they will comeback again.(条件关系)译文九：Swallows that have gone away will come back again.(限定关系)译文十：Swallows having gone away will come back again.(限定关系)3.对我来说，我的水箱就像我自己的一个小国王。
英语工作坊坊主发言稿Good morning, everyone! I'm thrilled to welcome you toour English Workshop. Today, we embark on a journey toenhance our language skills and explore the beauty of English.Our agenda is packed with interactive sessions, whereyou'll have the opportunity to practice speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Remember, the key to mastering a language is consistent practice and the courage to make mistakes.We'll start with pronunciation drills to refine our accents. Next, we'll delve into the nuances of grammar, ensuring we understand the structure and usage of the language. Our reading sessions will expose us to a variety of texts, expanding our vocabulary and comprehension.In the afternoon, we'll engage in group discussions and role-plays, allowing us to apply our language skills in real-life scenarios. This is the perfect chance to express your thoughts and ideas confidently.I encourage you to participate actively, ask questions, and share your insights. Learning is a collaborative process, and your input is invaluable.Lastly, let's make today not just about improving our English, but also about enjoying the process. So, let's divein, have fun, and make the most of our workshop!Thank you for joining us, and let's make today a linguistic adventure to remember!。
翻译工作坊（二）课程期末总结一、课程感受1.上课模式：学校为了加强笔译学生翻译的专业性，英语笔译学生分为三个翻译方向——林业，经贸和机械进行更具有专业性翻译的学习。
上学期，我们分方向上了相关课程，对自己选的方向的专业进行初步的了解，而我选的是林业概论。
翻译工作坊（二）课程也按上学期各自选的方向分为经贸组，机械组和林业组，轮流按组分派和完成翻译任务。
首先是分组查找各自方向的双语资料，要求难度合适，不能太浅也不能专业到大家无所适从，最好是英语原文资料，有利于我们接触最接近最地道的原文。
然后其中一个专业小组轮流派发任务，包括英译汉和汉译英两篇，字数每篇控制在400字左右。
其他小组合作完成翻译任务后，交给专业小组检查和评阅。
下次的课堂上，专业小组就会整理出各组作业，并且做出对应的评价，最后总结该方向心得。
2.上课感受：与上学期相比，这学期的翻译任务专业性较强，挑战也更大。
但正是这样的专业性训练，才能让我们更进步一接触专业性翻译，也更有助于我们以后进行专业性较强的翻译实践。
二、作为专业组组员心得1.林业翻译其实是上述三个中我们接触最少的一个翻译方向，不管是英译汉还是汉译英，都有着一定的难度，哪怕叫我们阅读中文林业相关文件，即便我们有学习过林业一点相关知识，那也只怕不到林业翻译的冰川一角。
因此大部分同学见到此材料都是一头雾水，正因知不足才会努力，才会进步，专业性翻译应该成为努力方向。
2.林业组就用词是否规范，有无做背景功课，译文能否保存源语文本的语体风格，描述是否清晰，语句是否通顺等方面进行作业查阅。
（1）专业词汇，如：例①·Site preparation for seedling cultivation译文：a.播种培育的场地准备 b.育苗整地例②·High bed propagation译文：a.高苗床繁殖b.高床式育苗例①a译文较b译文稍许冗长，不符合林业用词特点。
上述例子均为林业专业词汇，我们不能就这字面意思自行翻译，如此一来，译文不仅会有歧义，也不够专业。
One characteristic of Western culture is the emphasis on individual contribution. Perhaps there may be some historical or religious reasons, but the mainstay(主要的依靠) of Western culture is the individual. This trait is manifested in the making of individual heroes in Western culture and creativity. The individual’s contributions are placed above collective effort. The advantage of this is that it can spur people on to greater heights. The flaw is that it results in self-centered individualism, which affects creativity indirectly.西方文化的一个特点是强调个人的贡献，或许这里有些许历史与宗教方面的原因。
以个人为主的西方传统风格，（演变到今日）表现在西方文化和创造发明中往往是制造个人英雄，并将其个人贡献置于集体之上。
其好处是激发人的进取心,弊端是导致以个人为中心,间接影响创新。
Up to some level, creativity requires the coordination of all sides. Eastern culture can play a positive role in this. The traditional Eastern education system stresses building a solid foundation, and then builds up the basic knowledge step by step. However, Eastern tradition places too much emphasis on foundations. The insistence on rote learning affects the initiative to make bold hypotheses and argumentation about new situations and new problems.创新，到达一定程度之后需要各方面的配合。
东方文化则在这方面会起积极作用。
东方传统教育强调脚踏实地打基础，再将基础知识一步一步建立起来。
然而东方传统过于重视基础，强调死记硬背,影响了对新现象、新问题的大胆设想、论证。
Passage 2进入21世纪，发达国家所面临的共同问题，不是缺资金，而是缺人才；不是缺最新的资讯，而是缺最新的知识。
“知识”变成了一个国家是否进步1的关键因素。
把相关的知识有系统地运用到经济活动中，现在泛称为“知识经济”2。
唯有通过外在的教育与学习，浩瀚的资讯才可能变成系统的知识3。
“知识”像土地和劳动一样，是个古老的生产因素。
但因为现代知识成长迅速，变化巨大，又加以与经济、产业、科技、创新等结合，促成了“知识经济”的独领风骚4。
Entering the 21st century, the developed countries are facing a common problem: shortage of talent, not funds, and lack of latest knowledge, rather than up-to-date information.Knowledge has become a crucial factor in the progress of a country. The systematic application of relevant knowledge to economy makes what we now generally call “knowledge-based economy”. Only through education and training, which people receive from outside, can the huge volume of information be turned into systematic knowledge.Knowledge as a factor in production is as old as land and labor. Yet, because of the fast growth and drastic changes of modern knowledge in its integration with economy, industries, science, technology and innovation, “knowledge-based economy” has evolved with overall impacts.•时文翻译第一节时文翻译的时代性和准确性随着中国与世界各国的交往愈加频繁，时文翻译变得越来越重要。
时文的内涵丰富，包括政治、经济、外交文件、新闻报道等。
随着我国经济的飞速发展，新生事物层出不穷，新的方针政策相继产生，新词语的大量涌现，所有这些都会给时文翻译提出新的挑战。
如何以地道、纯正的英语来翻译具有中国特色的政治、经济、外交等方面的文章，不仅要求译者具有深刻的英文功底，还要求译者能紧跟时代步伐，深入了解国内外重大事件的背景知识，方能准确、严谨地传译各种文章。
•一、时文翻译第一要求是准确性时文翻译要以最清晰明快的英文准确表达原文的精神实质。
即把“信”放在首位。
不能拘泥于原文字句，机械地从字面上“对号入座”。
[例] 使中央委员会领导干部年轻化[初译] make the Central Committee leaders younger[分析]所谓年轻化，是指把年轻一些的同志选入中央委员会。
[改译] bring younger comrades to the leading posts of the Central Committee•准确性[例]中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁。
[初译] The strength, prosperity and development of China will pose no threat to any countries.[析] 机械对译，拘泥原文。
[改译] A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any countries.•二、时文翻译要仔细斟酌汉语的组句形式，•避免中式英文。
[例]轻纺工业产品的花样品种增多，质量持续提高。
[初译] The designs and variety of light industrial and textile products have increased and their quality has continued to improve.[析] 词类、词序完全按照中文排定，有中式英文特征。
[改译] Light industry and textile products are now available in better designs and quality and also in richer variety.[析]打乱原文句型结构，按英文句法重新组织句子。
•三、时文翻译需要适当增减文字[例] 必须始终不渝地坚持两手抓，两手都要硬的方针，加强精神文明建设。
[译文] We must unswervingly give equal importance to economic development on one hand and to the development of socialist culture and ideology on the other hand. [分析] “两手抓，两手硬”是国内的时政习语，直译会令外文读者感到莫名其妙。
译文译为“不偏不倚地同样重视”，并增加了原文所缺的“一方面抓经济建设”的内容，更准确的表达了原文意思。
•第二节时文翻译典型错误透析翻译艺术至少包含四个层次：一是熟悉翻译理论；二是具备双语的扎实功底和丰富的语言知识；三是翻译实践中的创造性劳动；四是尽量多地掌握并善于模仿译入语的惯用法。
就汉译英来说，熟悉和模仿英语的习惯表达法是一个极为重要的环节。
本节的时文翻译包含了各种汉译英中常见的典型错误，冀希同学们从中得到某些技巧方面的启示，亦可在自己的翻译实践中引以为鉴。
•[例1] 工人们省吃俭用，希望为国家多积累资金。
[初译] Workers save food and expenses to accumulate more funds for the country. [分析] 机械对译。
“save food”是“把食物放起来”，应挖掘“省吃俭用”的深层含义生活节俭。
[改译] Workers live frugally to accumulate more funds for the state.•[例2]我国艰巨的社会主义建设事业，需要尽可能多的知识分子为它服务。
[初译]The colossal cause of our country’s socialist construction needs as many intellectuals as possible to serve it.[分析]主语没有用对。
如译文不能使主语和谓语动词相互搭配，就应设法改变主语或谓语动词，不能参照汉语句式进行直线硬译。
[改译1]China (our country)needs the services of as many intellectuals as possible for the colossal task of building socialism.[改译2] The services of as many intellectuals as possible are needed for the colossal task of building socialism in our country.•[例3]任何新生事物的成长都要经过艰难曲折。
