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高考英语语法之主谓一致的用法总结主谓一致是指主语与谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
它是英语语法中的重要内容，正确使用主谓一致有助于提高语言表达的准确性和流畅性。
下面是主谓一致的用法总结。
1.单数主语搭配单数谓语：- 例如：He runs every morning.- 主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，即动词加“-s”或者“-es”。
2.复数主语搭配复数谓语：- 例如：They run every morning.- 主语为复数时，谓语动词不加“-s”或者“-es”。
3.并列主语搭配复数谓语：- 例如：Tom and Jerry are good friends.- 并列主语由连词“and”连接时，谓语动词用复数形式。
4.具体时间表达式中的单数主语搭配复数谓语：- 例如：Three days is enough.-具体时间表达式中的单数主语搭配复数谓语，常以复数形式表示。
5.集体名词的单数形式搭配单数谓语，但根据语境决定单复数：6. 由"one of + 复数名词"引导的主语，谓语动词用复数形式：- 例如：One of the students have won scholarships. (学生中有人获得了奖学金。
）- 此处的one of the students表示“其中一位学生”，主语为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
7.有些名词既可以作单数，又可以作复数，谓语动词根据意思决定单复数形式：- 例如：The news is interesting. (这个新闻很有趣。
）- 例如：The news are good. (这些消息很好。
）- 此处的news是一个例子，作为可数名词时，可以看作单数或复数，谓语动词根据意思决定单复数形式。
8. 在there be句型中- 例如：There is a cat on the table. (桌子上有一只猫。
）- 例如：There are two cats on the table. (桌子上有两只猫。
2022届高考英语二轮复习语法突破12【主谓一致】主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即: 语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
考点一、语法一致原则主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1．动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
例：All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our health.所有的科学证据都表明，在农业中使用越来越多的化学品正在危害着我们的健康。
What he said is far from the truth.他的话与事实相差太远了。
2．主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
例：The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year.那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师一样去年得到了一次出国的机会。
I think Tom, rather than you is to blame for the accident.我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。
3．and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例：Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting-room.她的老师和朋友们都在客厅。
高考英语专题复习主谓一致（附答案）I. 考点分析一、概述主谓一致是指句子成分之间或词语之间在人称、性、数等方面的一致关系。
处理主谓一致一般应遵循以下三条原则：1. 语法一致，即在语法形式上取得一致。
例如，主语为单数形式，谓语动词也为单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。
a. The number of errors was surprising.b. Julia and her twin sister naturally look a lot alike.2. 意义一致，即从意义着眼处理一致关系。
a. The crowd were fighting for their lives. ( 单形名词主语要求复数谓语动词，下划线部分表示一个整体中的成员)b. Five minutes is enough. ( 复数名词单数谓语动词，下划线部分表示一个数目)3. 邻近原则，即指谓语动词的形式与邻近的名词一致。
a. A man of abilities are needed.（动词are不与主语a man一致，而与其邻近的复形名词abilities 形式上一致。
二、主谓一致注意要点：1. 当名词词组中心词为表示度量、时间等复数名词时，往往可根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词采取单数形式。
a. The dollars is not enough.b. Three months passes in no time at all on the ranch.如果明显地指一个个个体，则要根据语法一致地原则，谓语动词用复数形式。
a. There are two sliver dollars in each of the stockings.2. 如果名词词组中心词是all, most, half, the last, the rest, the remainder等词组时，其主谓关系一般遵循意义一致的原则：如所指为复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；如所指为单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。
高考英语语法：主谓一致主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。
主谓一致一般遵循三个原则：语法一致(或叫形式一致)，意义一致或就近一致①.语法一致: 主谓在语法形式上一致, 即主语是单数形式, 谓语用单数, 主语是复数形式, 谓语用复数②.意义一致: 根据主语的内在涵义的单复数确定谓语的单复数③.就近一致: 一个句子中有两个或两个以上的主语,谓语和靠近它的那个主语保持人称和数的一致分述1.当主语是不定代词somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, everything, nothing, something, anything等时, 谓语动词用第三人称单数a. Somebody is waiting for you outside.b. Nobody knows the answer.有些不定代词作主语时, 据意义确定谓语动词的单复数. 若不定代词所指为单数意义, 谓语用单数; 若不定代词所指为复数意义, 谓语用复数. 这类词有: all, some, any, more, most, half 等a. All are happy to hear the news.b. All that has to be done has been done.c. Most of the surface of the earth is covered by water.d. Half of the wood has been carried away.2.集体名词如: family, class, army, enemy,government, group, team等作主语时, 如果将其看作一个整体, 则谓语动词用单数, 若看成其中的成员(个体), 则谓语动词用复数a. My family is a happy one. / All my family are music lovers.b. Our class is the best in our school. / The whole class are having a discussion about the problem.集体名词people, cattle, police, youth等作主语时, 谓语动词常用复数a. The police are looking for the thief.b. Cattle are not allowed to graze here.3.代词none和neither作主语时, 谓语动词根据说话人的意思用单数或复数. 当说话人着眼于任何一个都不时, 谓语动词用单数; 当说话人着眼于全都不时, 谓语动词用复数a. None of them has a car. ( 他们没有一个人有汽车)b. None of them have a car. ( 他们都没有汽车)c. None of them knows the answer. ( 他们两个谁也不知道答案)d. None of them know the answer. ( 他们两个都不知道答案)4.bothand连接两个主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数. eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut 连接两个主语时, 采取就近原则, 即谓语动词和靠近它的那个主语保持一致a. Both Tom and Jerry were late for school that day.b. Either you or he has dropped waste paper in the street.c. Neither he nor I have forgotten for pay for the drinks.5.在There be和Here be结构中, 句子的主语在be之后, 如果主语不止一个, 那么谓语动词be与邻近的主语一致a. There is a desk, a table, three chairs in the room.b. There are three chairs, a desk and a table in the room.c. Here are two letters and a magazine for you.6.如果主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besi des, including, like, rather than, no less than, in addition to(除外)等引导的短语时, 谓语动词的形式只与主语有关, 而与其后的短语无关a. The teacher with three student s was in the classroom then.b. This book, as well as the other two books, is borrowed from our school library.c. None but Jim and Mike knows my secret.d. Seven people, including a policeman, were killed.7.表示时间, 长度, 距离, 金额, 价值, 重量, 容量等的复数名词作主语时, 通常作整体看待, 即表示总量或总和, 谓语动词用单数. 若把它们看作一个个的个体, 即强调其具体数量时, 谓语动词用复数形式a. Twenty years is a long time to us.b. Two hundred miles is not a long distance.c. Ten thousand US dollars is a lot of money.d. There are ten minutes left.8.在四则运算中, 谓语动词用单复数均可, 但单数形式更为多用a. Two and ten is / are twelve.b. Three times five is / are fifteen.9.动名词或动词不定式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数a. Smoking / To smoke is a bad habit.b. Carving animal bones is not an easy job.10.主语从句作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数. 但若主语从句所指的具体内容为复数意义时, 谓语动词用复数a. What we need is more time.b. What we need are more doctors.11.以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数, 这类专有名词如: General Motors(通用汽车公司), the United Nations(联合国), the United States, the New York Times(纽约时报)等.a. The New York Times is published daily.b. The Arabian Nights is a popular reading among the young people.表示群岛, 山脉, 瀑布的专有名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数, 如:the Andes(安第斯山脉), the Alps(阿尔卑斯山脉), the West Indies(西印度群岛), the Niagara Falls(尼加拉大瀑布)12.有些形式为复数, 而意义为单数的名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 这类名词如: news, works(工厂), politics(政治), physics(物理), mathematics(数学 )等13.以-s或-es结尾, 由对称的两部分构成的物体作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 这类物体如: trousers, glasses, jeans(牛仔裤), scissors(剪刀), shades(太阳镜)等. 如果这类名词前用了pair, 则谓语动词的数取决于pair的数a. Here is a pair of glasses for you.b. There are three pairs of jeans in the bag.14. 分数或百分数+ of + 名词作主语时, 谓语动词视名词的可数与否采用单数或复数a. Over three quarters of the city was destroyed in the war.b. 35 percent of the do ctors are women.c. Thirty percent of the workers are out of work now.d. One third of the water has been wasted.15.用and连接两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 如果and连接的两个名词指的是同一人、事、物或概念( 如: a knife and f ork一副刀叉, the bread and butter奶油面包, my house and home我的家)时, 则谓语动词用单数a. Many books and a pen are on the desk.b. The pianist and composer (钢琴家兼作曲家) has come to this small town.16. the + adj.表示一类人或事物作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. the +adj.若表示抽象概念或品质, 则谓语用单数a. The old in the city are taken good care of.b. The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.美给我们以快乐17.more than one和many a + 单数名词作主语时, 谓语用单数a. Many a student has won the prize.很多学生获了奖b. More than one person has made the same mistake.不止一人犯了同样的错误。
高考英语主谓一致知识点总结高考英语主谓一致知识1(一) 语法一致原则即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数.如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质.No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。
2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如:The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体,如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.如:Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我的幸福.When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。
高考英语语法复习句法知识讲解一、主谓一致在英文中，谓语的形式要与主语保持一致。
比如，你、我、他是学生，中文“是”字是一样的，只有主语不同。
英文的动词要根据主语不同而改变：I am，you are，he is。
主谓一致有三大原则：语法一致，意义一致，就近一致。
（一）语法一致名词是单数，谓语动词是单数。
不可数名词、集体名词、动词不定式、动名词等，谓语动词也用单数。
Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。
The team is playing well. 这个团队表现得很好。
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
Swimming is good exercise. 游泳是一项很好的运动。
记住：绝大多数都用单数，只有明确的复数名词，谓语动词才用复数。
My parents are teachers. 我的父母都是老师。
The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子很合适。
鞋、裤子、眼镜，只能是复数，如果前面加上“一双”“一条”，后面的动词就是单数。
A pair of glasses is very expensive. 一副眼镜很贵。
要想搞清楚谓语用单数还是复数，一定要准确锁定主语。
All except me in my family are going to the park. 很显然，all才是真正的主语，所以是复数。
She as well as the other girls is reading a book. 在这里，She才是真正的主语，所以是单数。
"more than one +名词"作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
例如：More than one teacher gets the flowers."half of, the rest of, most of, all of, 百分数/分数+of +名词"作主语时，谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定。
高中英语主谓一致讲解(整理版)
一、主谓一致的基本概念
●定义：主谓一致是指句子中的主语和谓语动词在数、时态和形式上保持一致。
●功能：确保句子语法正确，意义清晰。
●主谓关系：主语与谓语之间存在逻辑关系，这种关系决定了谓语的形式。
二、主谓一致的主要规则
1.单数主语与谓语的一致
⏹第三人称单数主语使用单数形式的谓语动词。
⏹不可数名词作为主语时，谓语动词使用单数形式。
⏹特殊情况的处理：如“either...or...”结构中，根据就近原则确定谓语的形式。
1.复数主语与谓语的一致
⏹复数主语使用复数形式的谓语动词。
⏹集合名词作为主语时，需要根据具体情况确定谓语的形式。
⏹特殊情况的处理：如“there be”结构中的主谓一致。
1.并列结构中的主谓一致
⏹并列结构中的主语和谓语动词需要保持形式上的平行。
⏹当并列结构中包含不同性质的成分时，需要根据语境和逻辑关系选择适当的谓语形式。
1.从句、不定式、动名词等作为主语时的主谓一致
⏹从句作为主语时，需要根据从句中的谓语动词选择适当的主语形式。
⏹不定式、动名词等非限定性结构作为主语时，谓语动词的形式选择需考虑语境和逻辑关系。
三、实践与练习
●练习题：提供一些练习题，帮助学生更好地理解和掌握主谓一致的规则。
●答案解析：对练习题进行详细的答案解析，帮助学生理解自己的错误，并给出正确的用法建议。
四、总结
对本次讲解的内容进行总结，强调主谓一致在英语语法中的重要性，并提醒学生注意常见的主谓一致错误。
高中英语语法专题主谓一致与常见短语主谓一致“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致.主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致,如何学好英语?小编在这里整理了相关资料，快来学习学习吧!高中英语语法专题主谓一致一. 就近原则：在not only…but also, not…but , neither…nor , either…or , there be… 句型中，谓语动词由相邻的主语来确定。
例： 1.Not only they but also I am going to collect money for the Hope Project.2.Either you or Jack is about to take the place of the manager.二. 集合名词做主语，指成员时，谓语用复数;指团体，组织时，谓语用单数：如：class , team, group, family, audience(听众), government, company, crowd, public, enemy, committee(委员会) 等。
例：1.The class are busy working on the exercises at the moment .2.The team was an excellent one in the 25th Olympic Games .三. 当两个名词用 with, together with, as well as, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, along with, including, like 等连接起来做主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
例： 1.Jackie, with his parents, intends to set out for Europe on business next week.2.The son, rather than his parents, is responsible for the fire accident.(对火灾事故负责的是儿子而不是父母)四. 当 each, neither, either 以及由 every, any, no, some 与 one, body, thing 构成的不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。
主谓一致概说：主谓一致是指主语和谓语要保持人称和数的一致，主语的“人称”和“数”决定谓语动词的变化。
主谓一致原则考点一、考查主语和谓语形式或意义上的一致（一）当主语是单数可数名词、不可数名词、（疑问词+）to do 结构、动词-ing 形式、主语从句、复合不定代词、表单位数量的时间、距离、金钱、重量、复数形式的学科名词（physics ，politics ）国家或组织名称（The United States ，the united Nations ）等，谓语动词常用复数。
提示：what 引导的主语从句所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用\单数形式。
（如：what we need are good doctors. 我们需要的是好医生。
）如果强调数目谓语动词用复数。
如: More than twenty years have passed since we graduated.我们毕业后已经过了二十多年。
例 1 all the scientific evidence that increasing use of chemicals in farming damaging our health.A. Show; areB.shows; areC.show; isD. shows; is解析：D 。
evidence 与use 在句中均为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。
例2 Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.A.keepsB. keepC. have keptD. had kept 原 则概 念 例 句 语法一致原则 主语是单数单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式 （1）Steve Ember is a good player.（2）Children like toys意义一致原则 主语形式上位单数，但表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式(1) My family are having lunch now.(2)News is travel ling fast nowadays 就近一致原则 谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语 (1 )There is a knife and two forks on the desk.(2) Either you or he is to go解析：A. Walmart属于专有名词，谓语动词用单数形式。
高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解专题十专题十二二 主谓一致语法一致的常考点 and ，both...and...连接两个或两个以上单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and 连接的两个名词表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Both Lucy and Lily are twin sisters. Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting-room. The poet and writer has produced many works. Politics and sports don't mix.“the number of...” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“a number of...”作主语时，谓语动词用复数 The number of travelers to London has dropped by 100,000.A number of factories have moved out of Beijing.The number of people invited was one hundred, but anumber of them were absent for different reasons.a quantity of 后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数；谓语动词的单复数取决于of 后名词的数以及其表示的意义。
quantities of 后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。
A quantity of time has been wasted on the project. ＝Quantities of time have been wasted on the project. 大量的时间被浪费在了这个项目上。
many a, more than one 接单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数 each, every, no 所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and 连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
一.主谓一致的基本原则1.语法一致：指主语用单数形式，谓语也用单数形式；主语为复数，谓语动词也用复数。
2.意义一致：指主语形式上是单数，但表达复数意义，那么谓语动词要用复数形式；或主语形式上是复数形式但表达单数意义，则谓语动词也采用单数形式。
eg:My family were watching TV at 7 o’clock.3.就近原则：指谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决定。
eg: There are two pens, a book and three pencils on the desk.二.谓语动词只能用单数的12种情况1.非谓语动词或从句做主语to do, 疑问词+to do , 动名词doing, 或主语从句做主语（what引导的从句有例外），谓语动词用单数。
eg: when and where to build the new factory is not decided yet.2. 复合不定代词作主语以some-,any-,every-,no-开头，以-thing,-body,-one结尾的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Eg: Nobody wants to go there, does he？Something has been done to end the strike.3. 以-s结尾的学科名，书名，国名做主语eg: physics, politics,maths,the United States, Wales4. “more than one/many a+单数名词”作主语时位于动词用单数。
但是在more+复数名词+than one后谓语动词用复数eg: More than one student has seen the film.5. 指同一人或事物的并列结构作主语指同一人或事物的A and B结构（如knife and fork刀叉, bread and butter 黄油面包，a teacher and writer老师兼作家）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
上海高考英语语法考点：主谓一致一，概念及基本规则：英语语法的主谓一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式与主语保持一致。
1，就近原则：not onl y…but also; not…but; neither…no r; either…or; there be；whether…or; or句型中，谓语动词与相邻的主语保持一致。
例：whetherhe or I am mad. 不是他就是我疯了。
2，就前原则：as well as; together with; rather than; along with; with; without;but; except; like; besides; including，in addition to等连接主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。
二、谓语动词通常用单数的情形：1.当主语是一个从句，不定式或动名词时，谓语一般用单数。
但由and 连接两个不定式或动名词时，动词则用复数。
两个主语视为一体时，动词用单数。
主语从句所指物是单数或复数时，谓语用相应单复数。
whether he succeeds or fails doesn't concern me .To play basketball and to go swimming are of great use.Time and tide wait for no man.When and where to build the center hasn’t been decided.What I want is an interesting books while what he expects are two cups of coffee.2.不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词，即使以and连接成多主语，谓语动词仍用单数。
如：every doctor and every nurse goes there.each, neither, either, everyone, anything, nobody等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。
主谓一致大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致。
语法一致原则语法一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1．单数名词、代词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
►To study French well is not easy.学好法语不容易。
►What he said is very important for us all.他说的话对我们大家很重要。
【注意】由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式；但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
►What I bought were three Chinese books.我买的是三本中文书。
►What I say and do are helpful to you.我所说的、所做的都对你有帮助。
2．由连接词and或both...and...连接起来的合成主语后面，谓语动词要用复数形式。
►Both she and he are middle school students.他和她都是中学生。
【注意】(1)若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或事(物)时，主语后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
►The writer and artist has come.那个兼有作家和艺术家双重身份的人来了。
►To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.早睡早起是个好习惯。
(2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果有no, each, every, more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
►No boy and no girl likes it.男孩和女孩没有一个喜欢这个的。
高中英语语法系统讲解之十二主谓一致主谓一致指的是句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上应保持一致，通常指的主谓一致是主语和谓语在单数和复数上的一致性。
一. 主谓一致的三个原则1. 语法一致原则主语单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式，即主语是单数，谓语用单数；主语是复数，谓语用复数。
如The number of errors is surprising.Two students are waiting for you in your office.2. 意义一致原则主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；主语形式为复数，但意义上为单数，谓语动词用单数。
如The crowd were running for their lives.The news was very surprising.形复意单的单词有news，works（工厂），means和以ics结尾的学科名词politics，physics，economics 等。
3. 就近原则谓语动词的单复数取决于最靠近它的词语，主要体现在由or，either … or，neither… nor …，not only … but also等连接的主语及there be …句型中。
如Nither you nor I am wrong.There is a pen, five pencils and two pencilboxes on the table.二、谓语动词用单数形式的情况1、单个的不可数名词、单数名词（尽管后面跟着with，together with，along with，like，including，as wellas，in addition to，rather than，but，except，more than等连接的短语）作主语时，谓语动词用单数式。
如：The news is going about quickly in the small town.A woman with two children has come.Helen as well as I is eager to see the performance.You rather than I are going to go camping.2、one，no one，nobody，anyone，anybody，someone，somebody，one of，every，everyone，everybody，each，either，neither等用作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
专题十二主谓一致谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这被称为主谓一致。
但是如果主语不是单一的，或主语名词的数比较特殊时，其主谓一致一般要根据语法一致遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和邻近一致原则。
一、语法一致原则一般来说，语法形式是单数的主语，谓语动词用单数形式；语法形式是复数的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
The number of errors was surprising. 错误之多是惊人的。
They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。
二、意义一致原则主、谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。
主语形式虽为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词应采用复数形式；主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为单数，谓语动词应采用单数形式。
The crowd were fighting for their lives. 这些人正为生存而战斗。
Three years in a strange land seems like a long time. 在异乡生活的三年，仿佛是很长的时间。
(一)谓语动词为单数的情况1．由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。
The worker and writer is from Wuhan. 那个工人兼作家来自武汉。
比较：The worker and the writer are from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家来自北京。
Bread and butter is a daily food in the West. 黄油面包是西方的日常饮食。
2．every...and (every)．..，each...and (each)．.., no...and (no)．.., many a．..and (many a)．..连接两个单数名词作主语。
Every desk and every chair is made of wood. 桌子和椅子都是木头做的。
Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。
3．one / every one / each / either / the number＋of ＋复数名词作主语。
Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。
4．clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语。
Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area. 洪水灾区急需衣物。
5．以“s”结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。
6．表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。
Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown. 他离开家乡已经二十年了。
7．由any－，some－，no－和－one, －thing, －body等所构成的不定代词作主语。
8．非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。
Collecting stamps is what he likes. 他很喜欢集邮。
9．单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。
(二)谓语动词为复数的情况1．由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。
Both bread and butter are sold out. 面包和黄油都已卖完了。
2．people, police, cattle 等有生命的集体名词作主语。
The police are looking for the missing child. 警察正在寻找失踪的孩子。
3．goods, stairs, arms 等名词作主语。
4．由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等“s”结尾的专有名词作主语。
The Olympic Games are held once every four years. 奥运会每四年举办一次。
5．a number of / quantities of / a group of ＋名词作主语。
(三)谓语动词单、复数视情况而定1．class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public, government等集体名词作主语。
强调整体用单数，指各个成员用复数。
His family is a great one. / His family are music lovers. 他有个大家庭。
/ 他的家人都喜欢音乐。
2．means (方法), works (工厂), pains (辛苦), series (系列), species (物种)等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。
Not every means is useful. / Not all means are useful. 并非每种方法都有效。
/并非所有的方法都有效。
3．all, none, some, any 等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。
All are present. / All the food tastes good. 所有人都在场。
/这些东西尝起来都很好。
4．“half / most / enough / part / the rest / the last / lots / plenty /分数/ 百分数＋of ＋名词”作主语，谓语动词要和of之后的名词的单复数保持一致。
Half of the students have finished their composition. / Half of the apple is bad. 一半学生完成了作文。
/这苹果一半都坏了。
三、就近原则谓语动词根据和它最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式来决定其自身的数的形式。
1．由or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词单复数上保持一致。
Not only he but also I am invited. 我和他都受邀请了。
Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it. 学生和老师都对此一无所知。
但注意“with / along with / together with / including / but / except / like / among / as well as / no more than / besides / rather than ＋名词”置于主语后，谓语和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。
The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom. 学生们和一位老师在教室呢。
2．在由there或here引起的句子及倒装句中。
There is a pen and two books on the desk. 桌子上有一支笔和两本书。
There are two books, some paper and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有两本书，一些纸和一支钢笔。
四、其他注意事项肯定与否定一致：下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。
We've had some (money). → We haven't had any (money)．I was talking to someone. → I wasn't talking to anyone.They sometimes visit us. → They rarely (never, seldom) visit us.He has arrived already. → He hasn't arrived yet.Li is coming too.→ Li isn't coming either.Both of us are goi ng. → Neither of us are going.He likes both of them. → He doesn't like either of them.so / neither＋助动词＋名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。
My wife likes classical music very much and so do I.She doesn't like jazz and neither do I.分析近五年来的高考题可以发现，高考对主谓一致的考查几乎每年都有所涉及，但题量不大，其因为是这项语法用法比较固定、单纯，要理清主谓一致的“三大原则”，记住这些用法就能很好地把这项语法学会；当然高考命题多以特殊点为切入点，要注意三大原则里边的一些变化。
尤其注意：主语从句作主语时谓语的确定；主语＋as well as, with, together with, along with, rather than, but, except, besides等词时的主谓一致；定语从句中谓语动词的数与定语从句所修饰的名词或代词的数保持一致。
高考真题探究（2006—2011年）【2011安徽卷）27】The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes.A. isB. areC. wasD. were【答案】D【考点】考查主谓一致和时态。
【解析】定语从句中先行词是the raw materials，故定语从句应与先行词数的一致，用复数，上文时态为过去式，故选D。
句意为：工厂用了这种原材料的65%，剩余部分节省出来作他用。
【2011湖南卷)26】One third of the country ______covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_______black people.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; areD. are; is【答案】A【考点】考查主谓一致。
