2003年在职高度硕士学位全国联考英语试题

2003年全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷及答案Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B, and Part C.Remember, while you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to Answer Sheet I.Now look at Part At your test booklet.Part ADirections:For Question 1-5, you will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Art. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write Only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.(5 points)Boston Museum of Fine Arts Founded( year ) 1870 Opened to the public( year ) Question 1Moved to the current location ( year ) 1909 The west wing completed( year ) Question 2 Number of departments 9 The most remarkable department Question 3Exhibition Space ( m2 ) Question 4 Approximate number of visitors/year 800,000 Programs provided classes lectures Question 5 films Part BDirectionsFor Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with an expert on marriage problems. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. USe not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. ( 5 points )What should be the primary source of help for a troubled couple? __________ . Question 6Writing down a list of problems in the marriage may help a troubled couple discuss them_______ . Question 7Who should a couple consider seriously turning to if they can’t talk with each other? _________ . Question 8Priests are usually unsuccessful in counseling troubled couples despite their _______ . Question 9According to the old notion, what will make hearts grow fonder? _______. Question 10Part CDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A,B,C or D . After listening, you will have time to check your answers you will hear each piece once only. ( 10 points )Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about napping, you now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.11. Children under five have abundant energy partly because they _________ .A. Sleep in three distinct parts.B. have many five-minute naps.C. sleep in one long block.D. take one or two naps daily.12. According to the speaker, the sleep pattern of a baby is determined by_______ .A. its genesB. its habitC. its mental stateD. its physical condition13. The talk suggests that, if you feel sleepy through the day, youshould______ .A. take some refreshment.B. go to bed earlyC. have a long restD. give in to sleep.Questions 14-16 are based on the following interview with Sherman Alexie. an American Indian poet.You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16. 14. Why did Sherman Alexie only take day jobs?A. he Could bring unfinished work home.B. He might have time to pursue his interests.C. He might do some evening teaching.D. He could invest more emotion in his family.15.What was his original goal at college?A. to teach in high school .B. to write his own books.C. to be a medical doctor.D. to be a mathematician.16. Why did he take the poetry-writing class?A. To follow his father.B. For an easy grade.C. To change his specialty.D. For knowledge of poetry.Questions 17-20 are based on the following talk about publicspeaking. you know have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.17. What is the most important thing in public speaking ?A. Confidence.B. Preparation.C. Informativeness.D. Organization.18. What does the speaker advise us to do to capture the audi ence’s attention？A. Gather abundant data.B. Organize the idea logically.C. Develop a great opening.D. Select appropriate material. 19. If you don’t start working for the presentation until the day before, you will feel _____ .A. uneasyB. uncertainC. frustratedD. depressed20. Who is this speech ,ost probably meant for?A. Those interested in the power of persuasion.B. Those trying to improve their public image.C. Those planning to take up some public work.D. Those eager to become effective speakers.You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-concious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which thereare more winners than losers, 28 ,publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guity and without letting the other participants 37 . this does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibity. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and byshavingsclearly stated rules.21. A. thought B.idea C. opinion D. advice22. A. strengthen B. accommodate C. stimulate D. enhance23. A. care B. nutrition C. exercise D. leisure24. A. If B. Although C. Whereas D. Because25. A. assistance B. guidance C. confidence D. tolerance26. A. claimed B. admired C. ignored D. surpassed27. A. improper B. risky C. fair D. wise28. A. in effect B. as a result C. for example D. in a sense29. A. displaying B. describing C. creating D. exchanging30. A. durable B. exessive C. surplus D. multiple31. A.sgroupsB. individual C. personnel D. corporation32. A. consent B. insurance C. admission D. security33. A. particularly B. barely C. definitely D. rarely34. A. similiar B. long C. different D. short35. A. if only B. now that C. so that D. even if36. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something37. A. off B. down C. out D. alone38. A. On the contrary B. On the average C. On the whole D. On the other hand39. A. making B. standing C. planning D. taking40. A. capability B. responsibility C. proficiency D. efficiency21-25 DBCC?C26-30 BDCAD31-35 B?CBCC36-40 DBACASection III Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following fore texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANAWER SHEET 1(40 points)Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game “ of espionage-----spying as a “profession.” These days the Net, which has already re-made pastimes as buying books and sending mail, isreshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.The last revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the world wide web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. in 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying(covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at .Straifford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster’s dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a cr isis in Ukraine.” As soon as that report runs, we’ll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine,” says Friedman, a former politicalscience professor. “And we’ll hear back from some of them.” Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That ‘sswheresStraitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm’s outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington back-and forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.41. The emergence of the Net hasA. received support from fans like Donovan.B. remolded the intelligence services.C. restored many common pastimes.D. revived spying as a profession.42.Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text toA. introduce the topic of online spying.B. show how he fought for the U.S.C. give an episode of the information war.D. honor his unique services to the CIA.43.The phrase“making the biggest splash”(line 1,paragraph 3)most probably meansA. causing the biggest trouble.B. exerting the greatest effort.C. achieving the greatest success.D. enjoying the widest popularity.44.It can be learned from paragraph 4 thatA. Straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true.B. Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information.C. Straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictability.D. Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information.45.Straitford is most proud of itsA. official status.B. nonconformist image.C. efficient staff.D. military background.BACDBText 2 To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,“all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.”One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances inhealth knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied,“Then I would have to say yes.”Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said,“Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.”Such well-meaning people just don’s understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip replacement, a father’s bypass operation a baby’s vaccinations, and even a pet’s shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could“adopt”middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters tothe editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.46.The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words toA. call on scientists to take some actions.B. criticize the misguided cause of animal rights.C. warn of the doom of biomedical research.D. show the triumph of the animal rights movement.47.Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research isA. cruel but natural.B. inhuman and unacceptable.C. inevitable but vicious.D. pointless and wasteful.48.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’sA. discontent with animal research.B. ignorance about medical science.C. indifference to epidemics.D. anxiety about animal rights.49.The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists shouldA. communicate more with the public.B. employ hi-tech means in research.C. feel no shame for their cause.D. strive to develop new cures.50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper isA. a well-known humanist.B. a medical practitioner.C. an enthusiast in animal rights.D. a supporter of animal research.ABBADText 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, mergingsintossuper systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995,the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a seriesof mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone’s cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It’s theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining whichcompanies will flourish and which will fail.“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be his with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes. still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the .2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail’s net railway operating income in 1996 was just million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who’s going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.51.According to those who support mergers railway monopoly is unlikely becauseA. cost reduction is based on competition.B. services call for cross-trade coordination.C. outside competitors will continue to exist.D. shippers will have the railway by the throat.52.What is many captive shippers’ attitude towards the consolidationin the rail industry?A. Indifferent.B. Supportive.C. Indignant.D. Apprehensive.53.It can be inferred from paragraph 3 thatA. shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.B. there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.C. overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.D. a government board ensures fair play in railway business.54.The word“arbiters”(line 7,paragraph 4)most probably refers to thoseA. who work as coordinators.B. who function as judges.C. who supervise transactions.D. who determine the price.55.According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused byA. the continuing acquisition.B. the growing traffic.C. the cheering Wall Street.D. the shrinking market.CCDBAText 4 It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minuts surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death-and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s u seless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians-frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient-too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In1950, the U.S. spent .7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care thatsustains life beyond a certain age-----say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm“have a duty todie and get out of the way”,so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78,Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53.Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her 70s,and former surgeon general C.Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old,I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people’s lives.56.What is implied in the first sentence?A. Americans are better prepared for death than other people.B. Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.C. Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.D. Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.57.The author uses the example of caner patients to show thatA. medical resources are often wasted.B. doctors are helpless against fatal diseases.C. some treatments are too aggressive.D. medical costs are becoming unaffordable.58.The author’s attitude to ward Richard Lamm’s remark is one ofA. strong disapproval.B. reserved consent.C. slight contempt.D. enthusiastic support.59.In contras to the U.S. ,Japan and Sweden are funding their medical careA. more flexibly.B. more extravagantly.C .more cautiously.D. more reasonably.60.The text intends to express the idea thatA medicine will further prolong people’s lives.B. life beyond a certain limit is not worth living.C. death should be accepted as a fact of life.D. excessive demands increase the cost of health care.DABDCPart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and the translate the underlines segmentssintosChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.(61)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology”derives from the Greek words“anthropos”:“human”and logos“the study of.”By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences.(62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and theirendeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned(原文如此) manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.(63)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science.(64)Tylor defined culture as“…that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”This insight, so profound in its simplicity, ope ned up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned. shared, and patterned behavior.(65)Thus, the anthropological concept of“culture,”like the conceptof“set”in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.Section IV Writing66.Directions:1) describe the set of drawings, Interpret its meaning, and2) point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)参考答案：Section I Listening ComprehensionPart A1.18762.19813.textiles4.19,1375.concertsPart B (5 points)6.(the couple) themselves7.constructively8.a qualified psychologist9.good intentions10.absencePart C (10points)11.D12.A13.D14.B15.C16.B17.B18.C19.A 20.DSection II Use of English21.A22.B23.C24.D25.C26.B27.D28.C29.A30.D31.A32.D33.B34.D35.C36.D37.B38.A39.C 40.ASection III Reading ComprehensionPart A41.B42.A43.C44.D45.B46.A47.B48.B49.A50.D51.C52.D53.C54.B55.A56.C57.A58.B59.D 60.CPart B61.而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。

2003年在职申硕（同等学力）英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 3. V ocabulary 4. Reading Comprehension 5. Cloze 6. Error Detection 7. Translation 9. WritingV ocabularySection ADirections: In this section there are 10 sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1．The very sight of the imposing buildings assured these tourists of the significant changes in this city.A．instinctiveB．impressiveC．institutionalD．imaginary正确答案：B解析：instinctive本能的；impressive给人印象深刻的，感人的；institutional 公共机构的；imaginary想象的。

2．The accepted criteria of adequate diet have been challenged by new discoveries in nutrition.A．formationsB．componentsC．standardsD．ingredients正确答案：C解析：formations机构；components部件，部分；standards标准，标准的；ingredients成分。

2003年全国工商管理硕士(ＭＢＡ)入学联考英语试题(一) 2003年全国工商管理硕士(MBA)入学联考英语试题(一)Section I Listening ComprehensionDirection:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. Y ou will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part ADirection:For Questions 1－5, you will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Arts. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. Y ou will hear the recording twice. Y ou now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)[upload=gif]../pic/20039495756.gif[/upload]Part B ' "Directions:For Questions 6--10, you will hear an interview with an expert on marriage problems.While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. Y ou will hear the recording twice. Y ou now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points)[upload=gif]../pic/20039495946.gif[/upload][upload=gif]../pic/20039410025.gif[/upload]Part CDirections:Y ou will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have time to check your answers.Y ou will hear each piece once only. (10 points)Questions 11－13 are based on the following talk about napping. Y ou now have 15seconds to read Questions 11－13.11. Children under five have abundant energy partly because they[A] sleep in three distinct parts.[B] have many five-minute naps.[C] sleep in one long block.[D]take one or two naps daily.12. According to the speaker, the sleep pattern of a baby is determined by[Al its genes.[B] its habit.[C] its mental state.[DJ its physical condition.13. The talk suggests that, if you feel sleepy through the day, you should[A] take some refreshments.[B] go to bed early.[C] have a long rest.[D] give in to sleep.Questions 14－16 are based on the following interview with Sherman Alexie , an American Indian poet. Y ou now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14－16.14. Why did Sherman Alexie only take day jobs.[A] He could bring unfinished work home.[B] He might have time to pursue his interests.[C] He might do some evening teaching.[D] He could invest more emotion in his family.15. What was his original goal at college?[A] To teach in high school.[BI To write his own books.[C] To be a medical doctor.[D] To be a mathematician.16. Why did he take the poetry-writing class?[A] To follow his father.lB] For an easy grade.[C] To change his specialty.[D] For knowledge of poetry.Questions 17－20 are based on the following talk about public speaking: Y ou now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17－20.17. What is the most import thing in public speaking?[A]Confidence[B] Preparation.[C] Informativeness.[DJ Organization.18. What does the speaker advise us to do to capture the audience's attention?[A] Gather abundant data.[B] Organize the ideas logically.[C] Develop a great opening.[D] Select appropriate materials.19. If you don't start working for the presentation until the day before, you will feel[A] uneasy.[B] uncertain.[C] frustrated.[D] depressed.20. Who is this speech most probably meant for?[A] Those interested in the power of persuasion.[B] Those trying to improve' their public images.[C] Those planning to take up some public work.[D] Those eager to become effective speakers.Y ou now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1Section ii V ocabulary and Structure (10 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET 1 with a pencil.21. Long long ago,most foresters have been men, but today, a number of women this field is climbing.A. registeringB. pursuingC. devotingD. engaging22. The bankno0tes which had fooled many bank tellers were discovered to beA. artificialB. genueneC. counterfeitD. faulty23. Without a whole hearted to a keen forward-looking vision and a deep insight, you cnnot be a leader.A. determinationB. resolutionC. commitmentD. obligation24. All transactions are strictly , and we never sell, rent or trade any customer’s name.A. considerableB. confidentC. considerateD. confidential25. Big businesses enjoy certain that smaller ones do not have.A. transactionsB. privilegesC. subsidiesD. substitutes26. Y our kindness in giving to the consideration of the above problem vill be highly appreciated.A. importanceB. advantageC. priorityD. authority27. The border incident led to the two countries their diplomatic relations.A. breaking outB. breaking inC. breaking throughD. breaking off28. I meant to sound confident at the interview but I’m afraid I as self-assertive.A. got inB. got overC. got offD. got out29. John planned to take part in the competition but had to on account of the car accident.A. drop outB. hold outC. get outD. run out30. He doesn’t work but he gets a good from his investment.A. subsidyB. incomeC. earningD. salary31. 31. can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.A. AnybodyB.NobodyC. SomebodyD. Everybody32. Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew thay the assertion about economi c recovery just around the corner was untrue.A. wasB. beingC. would beD. to be33. Oceans continually lose by evaporating much of the river water into them.A. to constantly flowB. be constantly flowingC. constantly flowsD. constantly flowing34. The result has turned still worse than it .A. would otherwise have beenB. would be otherwiseC. had otherwise beenD. has otherwise benn35. There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, they can limit how much water you drink.A. much more thanB. no more thanC. no less thanD. any more than36. He told us how he dealt with the self-interest of different countries to bring them into a kind of international accord. everyone seemed to benefit.A. whereB. whatC. thatD. which37. We hope the measures to control prices taken by the government will succeed.A. whenB. asC. sinceD. after38. The costs of distribution and sales make up a large part of prices that .A. all products are paid forB. are paid for all productsC. all products paidD. for which all products paid39. So quickly are science and technology advancing is a possibility today may be a reality tomorrow.A. thatB. whatC. that whichD. that what40. It is still Richard’s ambition to study medicine , someday, to make a real contribution to the field of science.A. andB. alsoC. butD. orSection ⅢCloze (5 points)Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A,B,C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1.Each year, hundreds of thousands of people die form heart attack, a leading cause of death. In the Landmark Physicians’Health Study at Harvard University in the United States in the late 1980s, a research team led by Dr. Heinekens studied 22, 701 healthy male physicians, half of whom were randomly 41 to take an aspirin every other day while the others took placebos (安慰剂). After the participants had been 42 for an average of five years, the doctors in the aspirin group were found to have suffered 44 percent fewer first heart attacks. 43 ,a recent international study indicates that aspirin can be beneficial for those people with a history of coronary artery(冠动脉)bypass surgery, 44 of their sex, age or whether they have high blood pressure or diabetes.According to a report by the American Heart Association. Doctors should consider prescribing45 aspirin for middle-aged people with a family history of, or 46 for, heart disease.(Risk factors include smoking, being more than 20 percent overweight, high blood pressure and lack of exercise.)Aspirin is also a lifesaver during heart attacks. Paramedics now give it routinely, and experts urge anyone with chest pain, 47 if it spreads to the neck, shoulder or an arm, or is accompanied by sweating, nausea(恶心), light/headedness and breathing difficulty to chew and48 an aspirin tablet immediately.When taking aspirin for heart attack, 49 the plain, uncoated variety. For even faster absorption, crush and mix with a little water. Speed of absorption is critical because most heart attack deaths occur 50 the first few hours after chest pain strikes.41. A. expected B. demanded C. assigned D. advised42. A. followed B. examined C. monitored D. experienced43. A. Meanwhile B. Above all C. However D. In addition44. A. in spite B. regardless C. careless D. whatever45. A. low-does B. high-amount C. more D. right46. A. ready B. at risk C. maybe D. in danger47. A. naturally B. apparently C. especially D. furthermore48. A. eat B. swallow C. digest D. assimilate49. A. choose B. use C. hold out D. pick out50. A. for B. along C. within D. exceptSection IV Reading Comprehension (40 points)Part ADirections: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are for choices marked A,B,C, and D. Y ou should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET1 whit a pencil.Questions 51 to 54 are based on the following passage:A little more than a century ago, Michael Faraday, the noted British physicist, managed to gain audience with a group of high government officials, to demonstrate an electro-chemical principle, in the hope of gaining support for his work.After observing the demonstrations closely, one of the officials remarked bluntly, “It’s a fascinating demonstration, young man, but just what practical application will come of this?”“I don’t know,”replied Faraday, “but I do know that 100 years from now you’ll be taxing them.”From the demonstration of a principle to the marketing of products derived from that principle is often a long, involved series of steps. The speed and effectiveness with which these steps art taken are closely related to the history of management, the art of getting things done. Just as management applies to the wonders that have evolved from Faraday and other inventors, so it applied some 4,000 years ago to the working of the great Egyptian and Mesopotamian import and export firms…to Hannibal’s remarkable feat of crossing the Alps in 218 B.C. with 90,000 foot soldiers, 12,000 horsemen and a “conveyor belt”of 40 elephants…or to the early Christian Church, with its world-shaking concepts of individual freedom and equality.These ancient innovators were deeply involved in the problems of authority, divisions of labor, discipline, unity of command, clarity of direction and the other basic factors that are so meaningful to management today. But the real impetus to management as an emerging profession was the Industrial Revolution. Originating in 18-century England, it was triggered by a series of classic inventions and new processes; among them John Kay’s flying Shuttle in 1733. James Hargrove’s’Spinning Jenny in 1770, Samuel Compton’s Mule Spinner in 1779 and Edmund Cartwright’s Power Loom in 1785.51. The anecdote about Michael Faraday indicates thatA. politicians tax everythingB. people are skeptical about the values of pure researchC. government should support scientistsD. he was rejected by his government52. Management is defined asA. the creator of the Industrial RevolutionB. supervising subordinatesC. the art of getting things doneD. an emerging profession53. Management came into its ownA. in the Egyptian and Mesopotamian import and export firmsB. in Hannibal’s famous trip across the AlpsC. in the development of early Christian ChurchD. in the eighteenth century54. A problem of management NOT mentioned in this passage isA. the problem of commandB. division of laborC. control by authorityD. competitionE.Questions 55 to 58 are based on the following passage:By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavior, of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible(容易受影响的)to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity(遗传；继承). When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its instincts. Thus the “ant-lion”whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen(腹部)，goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavors, with the utmost exertions to bore into it . It knows no other mode of flight, “or if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions(as useless as cultivating an unsown field)or dies in helpless inactivity”. Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion(堡垒)of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil.Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts. Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the end perhaps even in man. Habits, instead of being born ready-made(when they are called instincts and not habits at all )were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of infancy in which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were molded to suit surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm. This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes less and environmentmore important. But this is hardly the truth and certainly not the whole truth. For although fixed automatic responses like those of the insect-like creatures are no longer inherited, although selection for purification of that sort is no longer going on, yet selection for educability is very definitely still of importance. The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite re responses to narrow situations. Besides, since a mechanism---is now, for the first time, created by which the individual (in contradiction to the species) can be fitted to the environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important. And finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver (海狸),and preeminently(卓越地)by man. Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but5 always-supplementary factors.55. Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage?A. The Evolution of InsectsB. Environment and HeredityC. Education: The Influence of the EnvironmentD. The Instincts of Animals56. What can be inferred from the example of the ant-lion in the first paragraph?A. Instincts of animals can lead to unreasonable reactions in strange situations.B. When it is engaged in a chain actions it cannot be interrupted.C. Environment and heredity are two supplementary factors in the evolution of insects.D. Along the lines of evolution heredity becomes less and environment more important.57. Based on the example provided in the passage, we can tell that when a spider is removed to a new position where half of a net has been made, it will probably.A. begin a completely new netB. destroy the half-netC. spin the test of the netD. stay away from the net58. Which of the following is true about habits according to the passage?A. They are natural endowments to living creaturesB. They are more important than instincts to all animalsC. They are subject to the formative influence of the environment.D. They are destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility in the evolution of human beings.Questions 59 to 62 are based on the following passage:One of the saddest things about the period in which we live is the growing estrangement(疏远)between America and Europe. This may be a surprising discovery to those who are over impressed by the speed with which turbojets can hop from New Y ork to Paris. But to anyone who is aware of what America once meant to English libertarian poets and philosophers, to the young Ibises bitterly excoriating(痛斥)European royalty for the murder of Lincoln, to Italian novelists and poets translating the nineteenth century American classics as a demonstration against Fascism, there is something particularly disquieting in the way that the European Left, historically “pro-American”because it identified America with expansive democracy, now punishesAmerica with Europe’s lack of hope in the future.Although America has obviously not fulfilled the visionary hope entertained for it in the romantic heyday, Americans have, until recently, thought of themselves as an idea, a “proposition”(in Lincoln’s word) set up for the enlightenment and the improvement of mankind. Officially, we live by our original principles; we insist on this boastfully and even inhumanly. And it is precisely this steadfastness to principle that irks(使苦恼，使厌烦) Europeans who under so many pressures have had to shift and to change, to compromise and to retreat.Historically, the obstinacy of America’s faith in “principles”has been staggering -----the sacrament(神圣) of the Constitution, the legacy of the Founding Fathers, the moral rightness of all our policies, the invincibility of our faith in the equality and perfectibility of man. From the European point of view, there is something impossibly romantic, visionary, and perfectibility of man. From the European point of view, there is something impossibly romantic, visionary, and finally outrageous about an attachment to political formulas that arose even before a European revolutionary democracy was born of the French Revolution, and that have survived all the socialist utopias and internationals. Americans honestly insist on the equality of men even when they deny this equality in practice; they hold fast to romantic doctrines of perfectibility even when such doctrines contradict their actual or their formal faith---- whether it be as scientists or as orthodox Christians.It is fact that while Americans as a people are notoriously empirical. Pragmatic, and unintellectual, they live their lives against a background of unalterable national shibboleths(陈旧的语句). The same abundance of theory that allowed Walt Whitman to fill out his poetry with philosophical road signs of American optimism allows a president to make pious references to God as an American tradition-----references which, despite their somewhat mechanical quality, are not only sincere but which, to most Americans, express the reality of America.59. The writer uses the example of Ibises and others to maintain thatA. Europeans do not have the proper appreciation of the United StatesB. Europeans have made a notable shift in attitude toward the United StatesC. American culture has been rediscovered by EuropeansD. Europeans no longer feel that there should be an exchange of ideas with Americans60. The writer states that, until recently, Americans thought of their country as aA. source of enlightenmentB. leader in technological progressC. recipient of European heritageD. peacemaker61. The author states that American democracy in practice sometimes is in conflict withA. theoretical notions of equalityB. other political systemsC. Europe’s best interestsD. Both A and B62. Which of the following was NOT mentioned by the author as an American principle?A. Equality of man.B. Moral rightness as American policy decisions.C. Man’s capacity to become perfect.D. The inviolability(不可侵犯)of the individual’s integrityQuestions 63 to 65 are based on the following passage:The truly incompetent may never know the depths of their own incompetence, a pair of social psychologists said on Thursday.“We found again and again that people who perform poorly relative to their peers(同等人)tended to think that they did rather well.”Justin Kruger, co-author of a study on the subject, said in a telephone interview.Kruger and co-author David Dunning found that when it came to a variety of skills—logical reasoning, grammar, even sense of humor----people who essentially were inept(无能的；愚蠢的)never realized it ,while those who had some ability were self-critical.It had little to do with innate modesty, Kruger said, but rather with a central paradox: Incompetents lack the basic skills to evaluate their performance realistically. Once they get those skills, they know where they stand, even if that is at the bottom,Americans and Western Europeans especially had an unrealistically sunny assessment of their own capabilities, Dunning said by telephone in a separate interview, while Japanese and Koreans tended to give a reasonable assessment of their performance. In certain areas, such as athletic performance, which can be easily quantified, there is less self-delusion(欺骗),the researchers said. But even in some cases in which the failure should seem obvious, the perpetrator is blithely(愉快地；快活地)unaware of the problem.This was especially true in the areas of logical reasoning, where research subjects + students at Cornell University, where the two researchers were based +often rated themselves highly even when they flubbed(搞得一团糟) all questions in a reasoning test.Later, when the students were instructed in logical reasoning, they scored better on a test but rate themselves lower, having learned what constituted competence in this area.Grammar was another area in which objective knowledge was helpful in determining competence, but the more subjective area of humor posed different challenges, the researchers said. Participants were asked to rate how funny certain jokes were ,and compare their responses with what an expert panel of comedians thought. On average, participants overestimated their sense of humor by about 16 percentage points.This might be thought of as the “above-average effect”, the notion that most Americans would rate themselves as above average, a statistical impossibility.The researchers also conducted pilot studies of doctors and gun enthusiasts. The doctors overestimated how well they had performed on a test of medical diagnoses and the gun fanciers thought they knew more than they actually did about gun safety.So who should be trusted: The person who admits incompetence of the one who shows confidence? Neither, according to Dunning.“you can’t take them at their word. Y ou’ve got to take a look at their performance,”Dunning added.63. Why do incompetent people rarely know they are inept?A. They are too inept to know what competence isB. They are not skillful at logical reasoning, grammar, and sense of humor.C. They lack the basic skills to evaluate their performance realistically.D. They have some ability to over criticize themselves.64. Which of the following statement is NOT true, according to the passage?A. Students at Cornell University often rated themselves highly even when they flubbed all questions in a reasoning test.B. Grammar was an area in which objective knowledge was helpful in determining competence.C. Participants in the test estimated their sense of humor by about 16 percentage points.D. Students scored better on a logical reasoning test but rated themselves lower.65. What do you know about “above-average effect”based on the passage?A. Most Americans assess themselves as above average.B. American doctors overestimated how well they had performed on a test of medical diagnoses.C. American gun enthusiasts thought they knew more than they actually did about gun safety.D. All of the above.Part BDirections: Read the following passage carefully and then give short answers to the five questions. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET2.Both in America and Britain there is an eagerness on the part of TV executives to play down the importance of the small screen, except .of course, if the field of selling goods.This desire to minimize the social impact of TV is perfectly natural. If it could be conclusively proved that the electronic box was a major factor in determining the attitudes and the values of a nation then two awkward questions would have to be answered.Is it right that a medium that has such influence should be primarily concerned with the provision of entertainment and the advertising of goods?And an even more embarrassing question people might ask is whether the men now running TV have the authority. The understanding or the intelligence to be in control of such a vital part of the state apparatus.Because it is disrupting and disturbing life on almost every level in America and Britain, and because it is largely Indulged in by what might be described as the first “telly generation”, violence is the activity that has been most frequently linked with the consequences of TV.There are other even more important trends that might be stimulated or provoked by the program content of TV.The demoralization of institutions like the army, the church; the contempt for authority, a healthy skepticism and a welcome permissiveness; an over-simplification of complex issues which makes an electorate(选民) impatient with a political process that cannot solve them. How much is TV responsible? And that these trends are helping to change society at a unprecedented rate can hardly be denied.Because the impact of these changes is relatively long-term and not easily pinpointed. there is a vast depth of unconcern about these developments.On violence, however, there is an intuitive suspicion that TV might have something to do with it. yet the men running TV have gone to considerable lengths to assure us that we are unduly alarmed about nothing.66. In order to avoid the repetitions of the word “television”, what other nouns does the author use? Please list at least four.67. Can you use another word in this passage to tale the place of “play down ”in para.1?68. Why are TV executives in America and Britain eager to play down the importance of TV?69. Why do people believe that TV has something to do with increasing violence?。

2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C OR D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 1 to how they can best 2 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 3 , but not justin ways that emphasize competition. 4 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 5 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 6 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 7 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 8 ，publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 9 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 10 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 11 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 12 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 13 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 14 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 15 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 16 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 17 . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 18 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 19 for roles that are within their 20 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.1. [A] thought [B] idea [C] opinion [D] advice2. [A] strengthen [B] accommodate [C] stimulate [D] enhance3. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure4. [A] If [B] Although [C] Whereas [D] Because5. [A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence [D] tolerance6. [A] claimed [B] admired [C] ignored [D] surpassed7. [A] improper [B] risky [C] fair [D] wise8. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense9. [A] displaying [B] describing [C] creating [D] exchanging10. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple11. [A] group [B] individual [C] personnel [D] corporation12. [A] consent [B] insurance [C] admission [D] security13. [A] particularly [B] barely [C] definitely [D] rarely14. [A] similar [B] long [C] different [D] short15. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if16. [A] everything [B] anything [C] nothing [D] something17. [A] off [B] down [C] out [D] alone18. [A] On the contrary [B] On the average [C] On the whole [D] On the other hand19. [A] making [B] standing [C] planning [D] taking20. [A] capability [B] responsibility [C] proficiency [D] efficiencySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Inter net. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War Ⅱ and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game”of espionage—spying as a “profession.”These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.The latest revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-clic k spying. The spooks call it “open source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at .Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, aspymaster’s dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, we’ll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine,”says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And we’ll hear back from some of them.”Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That’s where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm’s outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.21. The emergence of the Net has .[A] received support from fans like Donovan[B] remolded the intelligence services[C] restored many common pastimes[D] revived spying as a profession22. Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to .[A] introduce the topic of online spying[B] show how he fought for the US[C] give an episode of the information war[D] honor his unique services to the CIA23. The phrase “making the biggest splash” (line 1,paragraph 3) most probablymeans .[A] causing the biggest trouble[B] exerting the greatest effort[C] achieving the greatest success[D] enjoying the widest popularity24. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that .[A] straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true[B] straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information[C] straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictability[D] straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information25. Straitford is most proud of its .[A] official status[B] nonconformist image[C] efficient staff[D] military backgroundText 2To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause nowseeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes.”Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just don’t understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way—in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip replacement, a father’s bypass operation, a baby’s vaccinations, and even a pet’s shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt” middle school classes and p resent their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.26. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to .[A] call on scientists to take some actions[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement27. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is .[A] cruel but natural[B] inhuman and unacceptable[C] inevitable but vicious[D] pointless and wasteful28. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s .[A] discontent with animal research[B] ignorance about medical science[C] indifference to epidemics[D] anxiety about animal rights29. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates,scientists should .[A] communicate more with the public[B] employ hi-tech means in research[C] feel no shame for their cause[D] strive to develop new cures30. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is .[A] a well-known humanist[B] a medical practitioner[C] an enthusiast in animal rights[D] a supporter of animal researchText 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuningfortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.31. According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikelybecause .[A] cost reduction is based on competition.[B] services call for cross-trade coordination.[C] outside competitors will continue to exist.[D] shippers will have the railway by the throat.32. What is many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in the railindustry?[A] Indifferent.[B] Supportive.[C] Indignant.[D] Apprehensive.33. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that .[A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.[B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.[C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business.34. The word “arbiters”(line 7,paragraph 4)most probably refers to those .[A] who work as coordinators.[B] who function as judges.[C] who supervise transactions.[D] who determine the price.35. According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly causedby .[A] the continuing acquisition.[B] the growing traffic.[C] the cheering Wall Street.[D] the shrinking market.Text 4It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 yearsago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death—and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians —frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In 1950, the US spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age—say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way”, so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people’s lives.36. What is implied in the first sentence?[A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people.[B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.[C] Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.[D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.37. The author uses the example of caner patients to show that .[A] medical resources are often wasted[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases[C] some treatments are too aggressive[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable38. The author’s attitude toward Richard Lamm’s remark is one of.[A] strong disapproval [B] reserved consent[C] slight contempt [D] enthusiastic support39. In contras to the US, Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care.[A] more flexibly [B] more extravagantly[C] more cautiously [D] more reasonably40. The text intends to express the idea that.[A]medicine will further prolong people’s lives[B]life beyond a certain limit is not worth living[C] death should be accepted as a fact of life[D] excessive demands increase the cost of health carePart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.（41）Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words anthropos “human” and logos “the study of.” By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences.（42）Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political, science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.（43）The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science.（44）Tylor defined culture as “…that complexwhole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned. shared, and patterned behavior.（45）Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.Section III Writing46. Directions:Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay entitled in which you should1）describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and2）point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。

2003年1月研究生英语学位课统考真题PAPER ONEPart I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 minutes, 20points) Section A ( 1 point each )1. A. The hero was out of his mind.B. The herd was a thing, not a human being.C. The hero overcame many difficulties.D. The hero was really great.2. A. Tom wants to travel by air.B. Tom wants to become a pilot.C. Tom is greatly interested in power.D. Tom can seize a chance in time.3. A. The government should help those youngsters.B. The government should take the place of those youngsters.C. The government should encourage those youngsters,D. The government should place restrictions on those youngsters.4. A. Because they had the same interests.B. Because they got along very well.C. Because both of them were sociable.D. Because both of them were humorous.5. A. She likes riding horses.B. She has been promoted once a year.C. She won the second place in a contest.D. She is very excited.6. A. She doesn't think the manager is at home.B. She doesn't know the manager's home phone number.C. She doesn't think highly of the manager.D. She doesn't know the manager at all.7. A. She is not satisfied with her life.B. She isolates herself from the outside world.C. She can find a peaceful life only in her dreams.D. She can't be at peace with others.8. A. A boss and an employee.B. A hotel manager and a customer.C. A landlady and a tenant.D. A plumber and an apartment owner.9. A.A conformist.B.A renowned person.C. A fighter.D. A problem person.Section B (1 point each)10. A. The materials used for building reservoirs.B. The causes of water pollution.C. The storage of drinking water.D. The chemicals used 10 purify water.11. A. Rock and soil. B. Concrete and bricks,C. Pine and redwood trees.D. Stones and steel rods.12. A. People in many parts of the world have to store rainwater for drinking.B. The mixture of rock and soil can be used as the bottom of a water tank.C. Chemicals cannot he used to keep the wooden tanks from being ruined.D. Small water plants may help clean the storage water.13. A. More than 1,700. B. More than 1,600.C. More than 700.D. More than 600.14. A. When a heat wave lasts for several daysB. When the total amount of heat in a day is very greatC. When the heat wave is strengthened by the sun.D. When the night temperature in a heat wave does not drop much.15. A. Slay at home and avoid going to work.B. Try to eat more vegetables and fruits.C. Wear light-colored and comfortable clothes.D. Use sir conditioners and other cooling devices.Part II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0. 5 point each )21. The hypothesis that language determines thought' suggested by Sapir and Whorf, is well known to linguists.A. synthesisB. convictionC. fallacyD. proposition22. Some comets reappear into sight after an elapse of as long as sixty years.A. disappearanceB. intervalC. passageD. eclipse23. To stay in shape, many middle-aged women have taken to working out in their spare time,A. dietingB. overworkingC. exercisingD. wandering24. Mandela, former president of South Africa, has distinguished himself by fighting racial segregation.A. separationB. discriminationC. unificationD. opposition25. Victims of mot ion-sickness suffer from a sensation of cold when riding in a fine car.A. sentimentB. feelingC. sensitivityD. emotion26. There are various hierarchies of structures inside a linguistic system. For example, sentences consist of phrasesthat can be segmented into individual words.A. criteriaB. organizationsC. levelsD. standards27. To maintain social order, the government has to inflict punishments on lawbreakers.A. imposeB. composeC. disposeD. expose28. Seeing the darkening sky, she quickened her steps and made for the nearest subway station.A. ran intoB. headed forC. searched forD. passed by29. It stands to reason to say that a girl takes after her father while a son his mother.A. looks afterB. cares forC. learns fromD. looks like30. Computers are playing an unprecedented role in the development of modern technology.A. unguidedB. unrelieved C unexampled D. unexpectedSection B (0. 5 point each)31. Social relations are developed when people each other at work or in business.A. fall back onB. count onC. interact withD. cope with32. Construction of tall buildings is forbidden around here to further expansion of the airport.A. account forB. fall forC. take forD. allow for33. The ability to see things in requires profound knowledge and impartial judgment.A. prospectB. perspectiveC. respectD. suspect34. Successful development of inexpensive drugs for AIDS has much for thousands of HIV patients.A. influenceB. complicationC. specificationD. implication35. Senior citizens, especially those above 70, are to some privileges in many countries.A. enforcedB. engagedC. entitledD. enabled36. Project Hope has succeeded in preventing school pupils from in poverty stricken areas.A. leaving outB. dropping outC. setting outD. looking out37. Vocabulary treatment in this dictionary is clear and readable, sufficiently detailed and admirably .A. complicatedB. primitiveC. promisingD. current38. Thanks to statesmen of great , China is well on her way to becoming a world power.A. visionB. sightC. viewD. spectacle39. Good biographies can help _ _ the barriers of time so that what happened to Abraham Lincoln becomes "now"as long as you read about him.A. break upB. break outC. break intoD. break down40. The importance of can never be neglected when it comes to fulfilling one’s military missions.A. popularityB. peculiarityC. punctualityD. potentialityPart III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes. 15 points, 1 point each)The song of crickets (蟋蟀) captures the attention of millions of people worldwide. How does this small creature sing and for what purpose?Interestingly, among the approximately 2,400 4l of crickets, only the males sing, or chirp. 42 doing so from their throats, male crickets make music with their wings. One expert explains that male crickets chirp by rubbing part of one forewing a-long 43 about 50 to 250 teeth on the opposite forewing. The frequency of the chirps depends on the number of teeth 44 per second. The vibrations fill the air with the distinctive song of the cricket.But surely the male cricket does not sing simply to 45 his human listeners! No, indeed! The intended audience of this musician is a 46 mate. The book Exploring the Secret of Nature explains: "In his quest for a mate, the male cricket, a skilled 47 , sings three different songs- one to advertise his presence, another to court and the other to threaten unwanted competitors." Some crickets continue to sing to advertise their presence 48, a female cricket shows interest. Hearing the song through the "ears" on her forelegs, the female is not 49 to carry on a long-distance courtship. .As she approaches the 50_ of the chirping, the male cricket will begin to sing a continuous trill (颤音)，the courtship song. This attracts tile female to him，and the two crickets mate.41. A. series B. species C. system D. session42. A. As for B. Due to C. Based on D. Rather than43. A. a group of B. a flock of C. a row of D. a bunch of44. A. struck B. strike C. stroked D. stroke45. A. abuse B. accuse C. annoy D. amuse46. A. special B. potential C. initial D. critical47. A. companion B. communicator C. conductor D. commander18. A. as long as B. because C. until D. in case49. A. content B. controversial C. convenient D. conscious50. A. presentation B. representation C. resource D. sourcePart IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneAbout four years ago. Kerry Sturgill found herself at a career crossroads! Should she stay in an industry populated by extroverts (外向型的人) or jump ship to a more reflective place where introverts like her were in the majority?Career counselors had told her to get out of the highly extroverted public relations, fields "so you can be happy and do what you are" Among the less fast-paced areas they pointed to: art, scientific research, data analysis.Such a move is definitely the right road for many introverts struggling to fit into an extroverted workplace.So, just what is an introvert anyway? It's someone who is energized by thought and reflection, while extroverts are energized by socializing. Introverts naturally need to think before they speak. Extroverts use the speaking process to figure out what it is they want to say.And, needless to say, there are pluses and minuses to both personality types.Still, in the modern world where as many as two-thirds of the population may be extroverted, those who are the opposite can be misunderstood. They can be seen as antisocial, secretive, even territorial, because they can sometimes try to protect their "space" and quiet.Workplaces can actually benefit from having both types, says Deborah Barrett, program director of the Rice University MBA communications program.An introvert herself, she says she has the best of both worlds- working in an environment of professors, who tend towards introversion, yet getting to teach, which calls on her more "out there" skills.Here’s her advice for those looking to follow the same path;Make good use of e-mail. If you don't get to make a point at a loud meeting, send a follow-up e-mail sharing your thoughts.If you don't have an office and are easily distracted by ongoing small talk, consider listening to music through headphones. But take care not to make your more sociable neighbors feel rejected.Sure, she says, if she had moved to a less stimulating environment that might have "short-circuited a lot of my pain, but I also believe it would have short-circuited learning what's made me a much more well-rounded person.”Her main lesson? "I don t have to be an extrovert. I just have to play at being one for an hour."51. According to the career counselors,A. introverts should try to avoid working in a highly extroverted environmentB. i ntroverts should try 10 change themselves to fit into an extroverted working environmentC. extroverts should work in less fast-paced areas such as art and scientific researchD. introverts can be happier if they can find jobs in the field of public relations52. Which of the following statements is true?A. People with introverted personality have some disadvantages in finding jobs.B. People with introverted personality have some advantages in working with others.C. Both introverted and extroverted people have merits and demerits.D. Most workplaces need more extroverted people than introverted ones.53. According to the author, introverts are sometimes misunderstood because they areA. antisocialB. reservedC. aggressiveD. queer54. Deborah Barren believes that teaching is a practice of .A. reflectionB. introversionC. energizingD. socializing55. By "short-circuited a lot of my pain" (in the last paragraph). Deborah Barrette means " _ .A. ruined a lot of her happinessB. saved her a lot of troubleC. relieved her of a heavy burdenD. added to her sufferings56. We can learn from Deborah Barrett's case that introverted people .A. should not share offices with extroverted onesB. are easily irritated by small talkC. like to communicate with others via e-mailsD. are reluctant to express their ideas in publicPassage TwoLast week 29 earnest American high school students were invited to an evening of receiving good words, small talk, warm toasts and fancy silverware."Find out something about the person sitting next to you." advised former U. S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright. "Eventually, you'll discover they always have something interesting to say. And you should always use the proper silverware in the proper order. "Albright was the guest of honor at the imitated Official Dinner, which was a lot like a real official dinner in Washington minus the soft money.The evening was sponsored by the St. Albans School of Public Services to introduce its first class to the fine art of social survival.More than 84 guests, including students, teachers, school donors and speakers, gathered to replicate the lifestyle of the rich and political.The idea was to teach the social graces that will help students survive any social situation.Anyway, the whole proper fork thing is overrated. Former White House official C. Boyden Gray shared his top tips for surviving dinner parties: "Drink as little as possible until you get to dinner. ""Don't be the first person there or the last person to leave."Try to get more out of your dinner partners than they get out of you. "Every Official Dinner has a greater reason for being. State dinners, for example, are either an opportunity to reward emerging democracies or strengthen old friendships.The Official Dinner was intended to show the students an elegant evening in Washington part of the four-week intensive summer program to encourage public service. The students are from 13 states and two foreign countries.The program includes classes on the presidency, the courts, the media and international affairs. The students also debated public policy issues. "They're still at it at 10 o'clock at night." said director Mary Waikart. "That's good practice for Washington, isn't it?"Since there was no band, Albright offered herself up as the night’s entertainer. No singing, but stories about her life in diplomacy. "Being Secretary of State is the best job in the world." she said. "Better than being president, because you don't have to deal with the elections."57. Last week a group of high school students were invited to the dinner party .A. to see the life style of the rich and politicalB. to discuss international and public policy issuesC. to learn to survive in different social situationsD. to learn to become the future leaders of the White House58. According to Madeleine Albright, at an official dinner .A. we should get more information about the hostB. we should be sociable by talking with othersC. table manners are not as important as conversingD. we should learn to entertain others by telling a story59. The imitated Official Dinner is different from the real ones in that the former .A. was held without the participation of important personsB. could not get the financial support as easily as the real onesC. didn't have as many guests as the real onesD. had nothing to do with political and international issues60. What does the underlined word "replicate" (in paragraph 5) mean?A. Practice.B. Exercise.C. Imitate.D. Reconstruct.61. According to Boyden Gray, at dinner parties you should .A. listen to others instead of talking too muchB. drink no alcohol before you goC. arrive as early as possibleO. leave after the parties are over62. We can conclude from the passage that .A. there are significant differences between the Official Dinner and other dinner partiesB. American students like to participate in public services very muchC. being a secretary of state is the best, even better than being a presidentD. the students who were invited to the dinner party were enthusiastic about the programPassage ThreePredicting the future is risky business for a scientist. It is safe to say, however, that the global AIDS epidemic will get much worse before it gets any better. Sadly, this modern plague will be with us for several generations, despite major scientific advances.As of January 2000, the AIDS epidemic had claimed 15 million lives and left 40 million people living with a viral infection that slowly but relentlessly erodes the immune system. Accounting for more than 3 million deaths in the past year alone, the AIDS virus has become the deadliest microbe in the world. In Africa nearly a dozen countries have a rate higher than 10%, including four southern African nations in which a quarter of the people are infected. This is like condemning 16,000 people each day to a slow and miserable death.Fortunately, the AIDS story has not been all gloom and doom. Less than two years after AIDS was recognized, the guilty agent-human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV-- was identified. We now know more about HIV than about any other virus, and 14 AIDS drugs have been developed and licensed in the U. S. and Western Europe.The epidemic continues to rage, however, in South America, Eastern Europe and sub-Saharan Africa. By the year 2025, AIDS will be by far the major killer of young Africans, decreasing life expectancy to as low as 40 years insome countries and single-handedly erasing the public health gains of the past 50 years.It is Asia, with its huge population at risk, that will have the biggest impact on the global spread of AIDS. The magnitude of the incidence could range from 100 million to 1 billion, depending largely on what happens in India and China. Four million people have already become HIV-positive in India, and infection is likely to reach several percent in a population of 1 billion. Half a million Chinese are now infected; the path of China's epidemic, however, is less certain.An explosive AIDS epidemic in the U. S. is unlikely. Instead, HIV infection will continue to plague in about 0.5% of the population. But the complexion of the epidemic will change. New HIV infections will occur predominantly in the underclass, with rates 10 times as high in minority groups. Nevertheless, American patients will live quality lives for decades, thanks to advances in medical research. Dozens of powerful and well-tolerated AIDS drugs will be developed, as will novel means to restore the immune sys tern.A cure for AIDS by the year 2025 is not inconceivable. But constrained by economic reality, these therapeutic advances will have only limited benefit outside the U. S. and Western Europe.63. Which of the following can be thy best title for this passage?A. The Spread of HIV-Will We Ever Cure AIDS?B. The Worse Situation of AIDS-Will AIDS Ruin the Human Race?C. The Statistics of AIDS-Will AIDS Spread around the World''D. The Potential of HIV-Will Asia Become the Core of AIDS?64. The phrase "gloom and doom" (in paragraph 3 ) refers to the state of being.A. obscure and sadB. depressing and fatalC. ruined and deadlyD. miserable and disappointing65. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. In India, the infection rate almost reaches 12 percent of its population.B. In China, about 50.000 people arc infected with HIV.C. AIDS epidemic had caused 15.000.000 deaths in the whole world by January2000.D. In the United States. HIV infection will go on to attack about 5% of the whole population.66. As a result of the epidemic of AIDS in Africa .A. the life span for most of the people has been reduced by 10 yearsB. most young people have been infected with human immunodeficiency virusC. people will have to learn to live with the disease for over 50 yearsD. the achievements made in preserving people's health in the past will be wiped off67. The passage tells us that .A .HIV was found more than two years earlier than AIDS was identifiedB. people know a little more about HIV than about most other virusesC. AIDS continues to rage more wildly in Africa than in AsiaD. HIV will mainly affect the poor and minority groups in the U. S.68. According to the author, the cure for AIDS will probably lie in .A. international cooperationB. timely educationC. economic situationD. strong willPassage FourHalloween is an annual celebration, but just what is it actually a celebration of? And how did this peculiar custom originate?The word itself, "Halloween." actually has its origins in the Catholic Church. It comes from a contracted corruption of All Hallows Eve. November 1. "All Hollows Day." is a Catholic day of observance in honor of saints. But, in the 5th century BC, in Celtic Ireland, summer officially ended on October 31. The holiday was called Samhain, the Celtic New year.One story says that on that day- the disembodied spirits of all those who had died throughout the preceding year would come hark in search of living bodies to possess for the next year. It was believed to be their only hope for the afterlife. The Celts believe all laws of spare and time were suspended during this time, allowing the spirit world to intermingle with the living.Naturally, the still living did not want to be possessed. So on the night of October31, villagers would then dress up in all manner of ghost costumes and noisily paraded a round the neighborhood, being as destructive as possible in order to frighten away spirits looking for bodies to possess.Some accounts tell of how the C ells would burn someone at the stake who was thought to have already beenpossessed, as sort of a lesson to the spirits. Other accounts of Celtic history debunk these stones as myth.The Romans adopted the Celtic practices as their own. But in the first century AD, they abandoned any practice of sacrificing of humans in favor of burning images.The custom of Halloween was brought to America in the 1840's by Irish immigrants fleeing their country's potato famine.The Jack-O-Lantern custom probably comes from Irish folklore. As the tale is told, a man named jack, who was notorious as a drunkard and trickster, tricked Satan into climbing a tree. Jack then carved an image of a cross in the tree's trunk, trapping the devil up the tree. Jack made a deal with the devil that, if he would never tempt him again, he would promise to let him down the tree.According to the folk tale, after Jack died, he was denied entrance to Heaven because of his evil ways, but he was also denied access to Hell because he had tricked the devil. Instead, the devil gave him a single candle to light his way through the frigid darkness. The candle was placed inside a hollowed-out pumpkin to keep it glowing longer.Although some cults（邪教）and devil worshippers may have adopted Halloween as their favorite "holiday." the day itself did not grow out of evil practices. It grew out of the rituals of Celts celebrating a new year, and out of Medieval prayer rituals of Europeans. And today, even many churches have Halloween parties or pumpkin carving events for the kids. After all, the day itself is only as evil as one cares to make it.69. What is the most suitable title for this article?A. Why Halloween Became A Roman Holiday.B. How Halloween Came to the New World.C. The History and Legends of Halloween,D. The Celts and Their Festivals.70. In the story of the "Jack-O-Lantern." why was Jack not allowed into Hell?A. Because he made a fool of Satan.B. Because he was a good man.C. Because he was an evil man.D. Because he made a deal with Satan.71. Which of the following words is closest in meaning lo "debunk" in paragraph 5?A. Prove.B. Disprove.C. Support.D. Regard.72. What does the Celtic Holiday "Samhain" celebrate?A. The mid-autumn.B. The end of winter.C. The coming of a new year.D. The start of a festival season.73. According to Celts, what was the spirit world like during the festival of Samhain?A. It became closed off to the world of the living.B. It became mixed with the world of the living.C. It became the real world while the world of the living was closed.D. It In-came the world of the afterlife.74. The article implies that Halloween .A. is an evil festivalB. comes from an evil originC. is made evil by church servicesD. is made evil by devil worshipper?Passage FiveAs the 1999 war in Yugoslavia ended* doors to a cave dug deep underneath opened., and nearly a dozen unharmed MIG-21 fighters emerged to retreat from the area. The United States had repeatedly tried to destroy this series of tunnels and caves with GBU-28s, 5,000-pound precision-guided bombs developed during the Gulf War. The best those bombs could do was seal off entryways, but the MIGs., sheltered much farther down, were untouched.The BLU-118 is perfect for attacking confined underground spaces like tunnels and caves. But like the GBU-28, the BLU-118 is virtually impotent against solid barriers. If the weapon hits rock, highly compressed dirt, or a blockade, it penetrates only about a half-dozen feet. The rock absorbs the blows before they reach the underground hideout. In Afghanistan, numerous soldiers and their weapons survived Tora Bora attack unharmed.The Pentagon s limited success in taking out underground hideouts even with today’s most powerful bombs has sent a shiver through the military. It is said that there are more than 10,000 underground caves in dozens of countries around the world. Many of them, in places like Iran. North Korea, and Russia, are sheltering aircraft and basic weapons. But about 1,000 of these caves and tunnels are considered highly strategic be cause they're suspected of harboring weapons of mass destruction, long-range missiles, or control centers to protect key leaders during an attack. The Defense Department is certain, for instance, that Iraq is hiding chemical and biological weapons underneath itsvast deserts and that North Korea has nuclear materials b uried below its mountains. What’s more, because of huge improvements in tunneling capabilities, thousands of additional deeply placed, unreachable caves are expected to be built in the next decade.Faced with the prospect of warfare against terrorist organizations with weapons of mass destruction tucked in their basements, the Pentagon has begun to consider the previously unthinkable: developing specially designed nuclear weapons for attacking buried caves and tunnels. These weapons would ideally do their damage while creating only limited nuclear fallout above ground. Such a move would represent the most significant rewriting of U. S. nuclear strategy in decades, because its intended purpose violates the two cornerstones of current policy: to use nuclear weapons only as a last resort and never to use them against non-nuclear nations.75. From the first paragraph, we can infer that .A. MIG fighters were very strongB. the caves dug deep underneath were hard to findC. U. S. bombing failed to achieve us purposeD. the Gulf War produced the GBU-2876. Th e underlined word "impotent” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to .A. ineffectiveB. softC. importantD. essential77. The phrase "has sent a shiver through the military" (in paragraph 3) can be replaced by " ,"A. has made the military cold-heartedB. has disappointed the militaryC. has weakened the militaryD. has greatly shocked the military78. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the use of underground caves?A. Hiding planes and basic weapon?B. Protecting refugees.C. Harboring weapons of mass destruction.D. Sheltering key leaders,79. With the huge improvements in tunneling capabilities, .A. fewer caves are expected to be built in the next decadeB. caves are barely accessible in the following ten yearsC. better-protected caves will be built in (he following ten yearsD. caves will be popular with common people in the next decade80. Is it reasonable for the U, S. to use nuclear weapons to attack caves and tunnels?A. Yes, because nuclear fallout is limited to the nuclear powers.B. Yes, because they can destroy the hideouts of terrorists.C. No, because they will kill a lot of innocent people.D. No, because it is against the basis of current policy.PAPER TWOPart V TRANSLATION (40 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions：Put the following paragraphs into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.In the United States, the use of teleconferencing and videoconferencing rose by more than 50 percent last year, and more companies are thinking twice before sending large armies of employees on business excursion. Many medium-sized businesses expect their employees to travel in economy class, or stay over a Saturday night just to avoid getting stuck with too expensive full-price business fares. And more and more businesses are participating in "fractional jet ownership" schemes, in which companies buy shares in corporate jets, entitling their employees to a certain number of exclusive flying hours onboard.Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Put the following paragraph into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.联想（Legend）集团的崛起真实地反映了中国自身的转变，就像中国正努力从一个发展中国家变成一支。

2003 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B, and Part C.Remember, while you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part ADirections:For Question 1-5, you will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Art. While you listen, fillout the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)Boston Museum of Fine ArtsFounded (year) 1870Opened to the public (year) Question 1Moved to the current location (year) 1909The west wing completed (year) Question 2Number of departments 9The most remarkable department Question 3Exhibition Space (m2) Question 4Approximate number of visitors/year 800,000Programs providedclasseslecturesQuestion 5Part BDirections:For Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with an expert on marriage problems. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer.You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points)1832003 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题74What should be the primary source of help for a troubled couple? ________. Question 6 Writing down a list of problems in the marriage may help a troubled couple discuss them________. Question 7Who should a couple consider seriously turning to if they can’t talk with each other?________. Question 8Priests are usually unsuccessful in counseling troubled couples despite their ________. Question 9According to the old notion, what will make hearts grow fonder? ________. Question 10Part CDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will havetime to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. After listening, you will have time to check your answers you will heareach piece once only. (10 points)Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about napping, you now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.11. Children under five have abundant energy partly because they ________.[A] sleep in three distinct parts[B] have many five-minute naps[C] sleep in one long block[D] take one or two naps daily12. According to the speaker, the sleep pattern of a baby is determined by ________.[A] its genes[B] its habit[C] its mental state[D] its physical condition13. The talk suggests that, if you feel sleepy through the day, you should ________.[A] take some refreshment[B] go to bed early[C] have a long rest[D] give in to sleepQuestions 14-16 are based on the following interview with Sherman Alexie, an American Indian poet. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.14. Why did Sherman Alexie only take day jobs?[A] He could bring unfinished work home.[B] He might have time to pursue his interests.1842003 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题75[C] He might do some evening teaching.[D] He could invest more emotion in his family.15. What was his original goal at college?[A] to teach in high school[B] to write his own books[C] to be a medical doctor[D] to be a mathematician16. Why did he take the poetry-writing class?[A] To follow his father.[B] For an easy grade.[C] To change his specialty.[D] For knowledge of poetry.Questions 17-20 are based on the following talk about public speaking. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.17. What is the most important thing in public speaking?[A] Confidence.[B] Preparation.[C] Informativeness.[D] Organization.18. What does the speaker advise us to do to capture the audience’s attention?[A] Gather abundant data.[B] Organize the idea logically.[C] Develop a great opening.[D] Select appropriate materials.19. Ifyou don’tstart working forthe presentation until the day before, youwill feel ________.[A] uneasy[B] uncertain[C] frustrated[D] depressed20. Who is this speech most probably meant for?[A] Those interested in the power of persuasion.[B] Those trying to improve their public images.[C] Those planning to take up some public work.[D] Those eager to become effective speakers.You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1852003 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题761.Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 大21 家to how they can best 大22 家such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 大23家, but not just in ways that emphasizecompetition. 大24 家they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the大25 家that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are大26 家by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 大27家to plan activities in which there are more winners thanlosers, 大28 家, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 大29 家student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide大30 家opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 大31 家dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 大32 家of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 大33 家visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 大34 家attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 大35 家participants can remainactive as long as they want and then go on to 大36 家else without feeling guilty and withoutletting the other participants 大37 家. This does not mean that adults must acceptirresponsibility. 大38家, they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 大39 家for roles that are within their 大40 家and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.21. [A] thought[B] idea[C] opinion1862003 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题77[D] advice22. [A] strengthen[B] accommodate[C] stimulate[D] enhance23. [A] care[B] nutrition[C] exercise[D] leisure24. [A] If[B] Although[C] Whereas[D] Because25. [A] assistance[B] guidance[C] confidence[D] tolerance26. [A] claimed[B] admired[C] ignored[D] surpassed27. [A] improper[B] risky[C] fair[D] wise28. [A] in effect[B] as a result[C] for example[D] in a sense29. [A] displaying[B] describing[C] creating[D] exchanging30. [A] durable1872003 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题78[B] excessive[C] surplus[D] multiple31. [A] group[B] individual[C] personnel[D] corporation32. [A] consent[B] insurance[C] admission[D] security33. [A] particularly[B] barely[C] definitely[D] rarely34. [A] similar[B] long[C] different[D] short35. [A] if only[B] now that[C] so that[D] even if36. [A] everything[B] anything[C] nothing[D] something37. [A] off[B] down[C] out[D] alone38. [A] On the contrary[B] On the average[C] On the whole1882003 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题79[D] On the other hand39. [A] making[B] standing[C] planning[D] taking40. [A] capabilities[B] responsibilities[C] proficiency[D] efficiencySection III Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C]or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinatedwith informat ion. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game”of espionage -- spying as a “profession.” These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well. The latest revolution isn’tsimply amatter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail.That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years,the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open-source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasinglyinfluential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money byselling the resultsof spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at . Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster’s dream. Lastweek his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, we’ll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine,” says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And we’ll hear backfrom some of them.” Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficultto tell good information from bad. That’s where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members havemilitary-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm’s outsider status as the key to its success.1892003 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题80Straitford’s briefs don’tsound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.41. The emergence of the Net has ________.[A] received support from fans like Donovan[B] remolded the intelligence services[C] restored many common pastimes[D] revived spying as a profession42. Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to ________.[A] introduce the topic of online spying[B] show how he fought for the U.S.[C] give an episode of the information war[D] honor his unique services to the CIA43. The phr ase “making the biggest splash” (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means ________.[A] causing the biggest trouble[B] exerting the greatest effort[C] achieving the greatest success[D] enjoying the widest popularity44. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that ________.[A] Straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true[B] Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information[C] Straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictability[D] Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information45. Straitford is most proud of its ________.[A] official status[B] nonconformist image[C] efficient staff[D] military backgroundText 2To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumphof a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause now seeks to end biomedicalresearch because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few peopleunderstand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.1902003 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题81For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fairwas distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wantedto know if vaccines come from animal research. When assure d that they do, she replied, “ThenI would have to say yes.” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just don’t understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way -- in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear theconnection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip replacement, a father’s bypass operation, a baby’s vaccinations, and even a pet’s shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animalresearch seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scien tists could “adopt” middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, whohas made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenrywill extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.46. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to ________.[A] call on scientists to take some actions[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement47. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is ________.[A] cruel but natural[B] inhuman and unacceptable[C] inevitable but vicious[D] pointless and wasteful48. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s ________.[A] discontent with animal research[B] ignorance about medical science[C] indifference to epidemics[D] anxiety about animal rights49. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should ________.[A] communicate more with the public[B] employ hi-tech means in research1912003 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题82[C] feel no shame for their cause[D] strive to develop new cures50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is ________.[A] a well-known humanist[B] a medical practitioner[C] an enthusiast in animal rights[D] a supporter of animal researchText 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by onlyone rail company. Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30 percent morethan they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in thelong run it reduces everyone’s cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It’sa theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. “Do we really want railroads to bethe arbiters ofwho wins and who loses inthe marketplace?”asksMartin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shippers.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases.The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enoughto cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail’s net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costsof the transaction. Who’s going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fearthat they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.51. According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because ________.[A] cost reduction is based on competition[B] services call for cross-trade coordination1922003 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题83[C] outside competitors will continue to exist[D] shippers will have the railway by the throat52. What is many captive shippers’ attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?[A] Indifferent.[B] Supportive.[C] Indignant.[D] Apprehensive.53. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad[B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide[C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business54. The word “arbiters” (Line 7, Paragraph 4) most probably refers to those ________.[A] who work as coordinators[B] who function as judges[C] who supervise transactions[D] who determine the price55. According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by ________.[A] the continuing acquisition[B] the growing traffic[C] the cheering Wall Street[D] the shrinking marketText 4It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death-- and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death asa problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless. The most obvious exampleis late-stage cancer care. Physicians -- frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient -- too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond whatis scientifically justified.In 1950, the U.S. spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical 1932003 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题84care that sustains life beyond a certain age -- say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way,” so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her 70s, and form er surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s. These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician, I knowthe most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people’s lives.56. What is implied in the first sentence?[A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people.[B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.[C] Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.[D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.57. The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that ________.[A] medical resources are often wasted[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases[C] some treatments are too aggressive[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable58. The author’s attitude toward Richard Lamm’s remark is one of ________.[A] strong disapproval[B] reserved consent[C] slight contempt[D] enthusiastic support59. In contrast to the U.S., Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care ________.[A] more flexibly[B] more extravagantly[C] more cautiously[D] more reasonably60. The text intends to express the idea that ________.[A] medicine will further prolong people’s lives[B] life beyond a certain limit is not worth living[C] death should be accepted as a fact of life1942003 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题85[D] excessive demands increase the cost of health carePart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place init. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. 61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humansin all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words anthropos: “human” and logos “the study of.” By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences. 62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the samereasoned, orderly, systematic,and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology,and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-studyoriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. 63) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought tothe analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th毙考题APPcentury science. 64) Tylor defined culture as “… that complex whole which inc ludes belief,art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a memberof society.” This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Ty lor’s definition is the conceptthat culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.65) Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” inmathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete researchand understanding.Section IV Writing66. Directions:Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should1) describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and2) point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)考试使用毙考题，不用再报培训班邀请码：8806。

Section I Listening Comprehension Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B, and Part C. Remember, while you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to Answer Sheet I. Now look at Part At your test booklet. Part A Directions: For Question 1-5, you will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Art. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write Only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.（5 points） Boston Museum of Fine Arts Founded（ year ）1870 Opened to the public（ year ） Question 1 Moved to the current location （ year ） 1909 The west wing completed（ year ） Question 2 Number of departments 9 The most remarkable department Question 3 Exhibition Space （ m2 ） Question 4 Approximate number of visitors/year 800, 000 Programs provided classes lectures Question 5 films Part B Directions For Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with an expert on marriage problems. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. USe not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. （ 5 points ） What should be the primary source of help for a troubled couple? __________ . Question 6g b ( 0 , 0 , 0 ) ; T E X T - I N D E N T : 0 p x ; P A D D I N G - : 0 p x ; W H I T E - S P A C E : n o r m a l ; L E T T E R - S P A C I N G : n o r m a l ; B A C K G R O U N D - C O L O R : r g b ( 2 5 5 , 2 5 5 , 2 5 5 ) ; T E X T - A L I G N : l e f t ; o r p h a n s : 2 ; w i d o w s : 2 ; w e b k i t - t e x t - s i z e - a d j u s t : a u t o ; w e b k i t - t e x t - s t r o k e - w i d t h : 0 p x " b d s f i d = " 7 1 " > 0 0 W r i t i n g d o w n a l i s t o f p r o b l e m s i n t h e m a r r i a g e m a y h e l p a t r o u b l e d c o u p l e d i s c u s s t h e m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . Q u e s t i o n 7 / p >。

在职硕士学位入学资格考试GCT英语真题2003年(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and Structure{{/B}}(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.The new currency will get into ______ soon.（分数：2.00）A.circuitB.circulation √C.circularD.circle解析：[注释] 此题属于固定搭配词组考点。

get/go into circulation意思是“进入流通，进入市场”。

其他的选项属于近形词迷惑选项，在此句中的意思都不对。

2.Shortage of capital is the main factor that ______ economic development.（分数：2.00）A.holds outB.holds on toC.holds back √D.holds on解析：[注释] hold back意思是“阻碍”，最适合本句的意思。

另一个常用词组是hold on to，意思是“抓住，坚持住”，与本句的宾语economic development不符合。

hold on意思是“等一下”，不能带宾语。

3.The captain of the ship ______ the passengers that there was no danger.（分数：2.00）A.assured √B.ensuredC.securedD.insured解析：[注释] assure意思是“使某人相信”；ensure意思是“肯定/确认某件事实”；secure意思是“使安全”；insure意思是“保险”。

注意，一定要区分这四个同义词的意思和用法，特别是其后所带的宾语特点，例如，assure后跟的宾语是“某人”，而ensure后跟“某事”。

4.Many old people in the cities find themselves unable to get used to the rapid ______ of city life.（分数：2.00）A.rateB.speedC.stepD.pace √解析：[注释] pace of life意思是“生活节奏”，属于固定词组搭配的考点。

2003年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考D018 Y304 法律硕士：440110401801（考俄语）3科022 Y305 工商管理：440610402201--440610402230 3科023 Y306 工商管理：440610402301--440610402330 3科024 Y307 工商管理：440610402401--440610402430 3科025 Y308 工商管理：440610402501--440610402530 3科026 Y308 工商管理：440610402601--440610402630 3科027 Y308 工商管理：440610402701--440610402730 3科028 Y308 工商管理：440610402801--440610402830 3科029 Y401 工商管理：440610402901--440610402930 3科030 Y401 工商管理：440610403001--440610403030 3科031 Y401 工商管理：440610403101--440610403130 3科032 Y402 工商管理：440610403201--440610403230 3科033 Y402 工商管理：440610403301--440610403330 3科034 Y402 工商管理：440610403401--440610403430 3科035 Y404 工商管理：440610403501--440610403530 3科036 Y405 工商管理：440610403601--440610403630 3科037 Y406 工商管理：440610403701--440610403730 3科038 Y407 工商管理：440610403801--440610403830 3科039 Y408 工商管理：440610403901--440610403930 3科040 Y408 工商管理：440610404001--440610404030 3科041 Y408 工商管理：440610404101--440610404130 3科042 Y408 工商管理：440610404201--440610404230 3科043 Y501 工商管理：440610404301--440610404330 3科044 Y501 工商管理：440610404401--440610404430 3科045 Y501 工商管理：440610404501--440610404530 3科046 Y502 工商管理：440610404601--440610404630 3科047 Y502 工商管理：440610404701--440610404730 3科048 Y502 工商管理：440610404801--440610404830 3科049 Y504 工商管理：440610404901--440610404930 3科050 Y505 工商管理：440610405001--440610405030 3科051 Y506 工商管理：440610405101--440610405130 3科053 1101 农业推广：440710405301--440710405330 3科054 1101 农业推广：440710405401--440710405430 3科055 1102 农业推广：440710405501--440710405530 3科056 1102 农业推广：440710405601--440710405630 3科057 1105 农业推广：440710405701--440710405730 3科058 1105 农业推广：440710405801--440710405830 3科059 1106 农业推广：440710405901--440710405930 3科060 1106 农业推广：440710406001--440710406030 3科061 1201 农业推广：440710406101--440710406130 3科062 1201 农业推广：440710406201--440710406230 3科063 1202 农业推广：440710406301--440710406315 3科064 1203农业推广：440710406401—440710406403（考日语）3科065 1206 兽医硕士：440810406501--440810406530 3科066 1206 兽医硕士：440810406601--440810406605 3科067 1207 公共管理：440910406701--440910406730 4科068 1207 公共管理：440910406801--440910406830 4科069 1301 公共管理：440910406901--440910406930 4科070 1301 公共管理：440910407001--440910407030 4科071 1302 公共管理：440910407101--440910407130 4科072 1302 公共管理：440910407201--440910407230 4科073 1306 公共管理：440910407301--440910407330 4科074 1306 公共管理：440910407401--440910407430 4科075 1307 公共管理：440910407501--440910407530 4科076 1307 公共管理：440910407601--440910407630 4科077 1309 公共管理：440910407701--440910407730 4科078 1309 公共管理：440910407801--440910407830 4科079 1401 公共管理：440910407901--440910407930 4科080 1401 公共管理：440910408001--440910408030 4科081 1402 公共管理：440910408101--440910408130 4科082 1402 公共管理：440910408201--440910408207 4科083 1405 公共卫生：441110408301--441110408330 3科084 1405 公共卫生：441110408401--441110408430 3科085 1406 公共卫生：441110408501--441110408530 3科086 1406 公共卫生：441110408601--441110408630 3科087 1501 公共卫生：441110408701--441110408730 3科088 1501 公共卫生：441110408801--441110408830 3科089 1502 公共卫生：441110408901--441110408930 3科090 1502 公共卫生：441110409001--441110409018 3科091 1505 军事硕士：441210409101--441210409130 3科092 1505 军事硕士：441210409201--441210409230 3科093 1506 军事硕士：441210409301--441210409305 3科094 1506 中职教师：449210409401--449210409411 2科华南理工大学考点考场安排（考试时间：2003年11月1日上午）考试专业：工程硕士考场考试地点准考证区间001 31号楼310101 440310100101～440310100130 002 31号楼310104 440310100201～440310100230 003 31号楼310105 440310100301～440310100330 004 31号楼310205 440310100401～440310100430 005 31号楼310208 440310100501～440310100530 006 31号楼310209 440310100601～440310100630 007 31号楼310211 440310100701～440310100730 008 31号楼310305 440310100801～440310100830 009 31号楼310308 440310100901～440310100930 010 31号楼310309 440310101001～440310101030 011 31号楼310311 440310101101～440310101130 012 31号楼310312 440310101201～440310101230 013 31号楼310313 440310101301～440310101330 014 31号楼310314 440310101401～440310101430 015 31号楼310405 440310101501～440310101530 016 31号楼310408 440310101601～440310101630 017 31号楼310409 440310101701～440310101730 018 31号楼310411 440310101801～440310101830 019 31号楼310412 440310101901～440310101930 020 31号楼310413 440310102001～440310102030 021 31号楼310504 440310102101～440310102130 022 31号楼310507 440310102201～440310102230 023 31号楼310508 440310102301～440310102330 024 31号楼310510 440310102401～440310102430 025 31号楼310511 440310102501～440310102530027 31号楼310603 440310102701～440310102730 028 31号楼310606 440310102801～440310102829 029 31号楼310607 440310102901～440310102930 030 31号楼310609 440310103001～440310103030 031 31号楼310610 440310103101～440310103130 032 31号楼310611 440310103201～440310103230 033 31号楼310612 440310103301～440310103330 034 31号楼310701 440310103401～440310103430 035 31号楼310704 440310103501～440310103530 036 31号楼310705 440310103601～440310103630 037 31号楼310707 440310103701～440310103730 038 34号楼340101 440310103801～440310103830 039 34号楼340101 440310103901～440310103930 040 34号楼340102 440310104001～440310104030 041 34号楼340102 440310104101～440310104130 042 34号楼340103 440310104201～440310104230 043 34号楼340103 440310104301～440310104330 044 34号楼340104 440310104401～440310104430 045 34号楼340104 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440310114301～440310114330 144 23号楼23103 440310114401～440310114430 145 23号楼23201 440310114501～440310114530 146 23号楼23202 440310114601～440310114630 147 23号楼23301 440310114701～440310114730 148 23号楼23302 440310114801～440310114830 149 23号楼23303 440310114901～440310114930 150 23号楼23303 440310115001～440310115030 151 23号楼23401 440310115101～440310115130 152 23号楼23402 440310115201～440310115215 153 23号楼23402 440310115301～440310115305154 23号楼23403 440310115401～440310115413 155 23号楼23403 440310115501～440310115503暨南大学考点考场安排（考试时间：2003年11月1日）考试专业：高校教师在职攻读硕士学位学校地址:广州市黄埔大道西601号考场号考试人员11月1日上午11月1日下午考试科目考试地点考试语种考试地点1 449110200101~30 专业课经济学院3103英语教学大楼15022 449110200201~30 专业课经济学院3104英语教学大楼15023 449110200301~30 专业课经济学院3105英语教学大楼15024 449110200401~30 专业课经济学院3106英语教学大楼15035 449110200501~30 专业课经济学院3107英语教学大楼15036 449110200601~30 专业课经济学院3108英语教学大楼15037 449110200701~30 专业课经济学院3201英语教学大楼14018 449110200801~30 专业课经济学院3201英语教学大楼14039 449110200901~30 专业课经济学院3205英语教学大楼140810 449110201001~30 专业课经济学院3206英语教学大楼140911 449110201101~30 专业课经济学院3207英语教学大楼141012 449110201201~30 专业课经济学院3208英语教学大楼141213 449110201301~30 专业课经济学院3209英语教学大楼141614 449110201401~30 专业课经济学院3301英语教学大楼141915 449110201501~30 专业课经济学院3301英语教学大楼142016 449110201601~30 专业课经济学院3304英语教学大楼142517 449110201701~30 专业课经济学院3305英语教学大楼142718 449110201专业经济学英语科学馆801~30 课院3306 40119 449110201901~30 专业课经济学院3404英语科学馆40320 449110202001~30 专业课经济学院3405英语科学馆40521 449110202101~30 专业课经济学院3406英语科学馆40722 449110202201~30 专业课经济学院3407英语科学馆40923 449110202301~30 专业课经济学院3408英语科学馆41124 449110202401~30 专业课经济学院3409英语科学馆41325 449110202501~30 专业课经济学院3501英语科学馆50126 449110202601~30 专业课经济学院3501英语科学馆50327 449110202701~30 专业课经济学院3505英语科学馆50528 449110202801~30 专业课经济学院3506英语科学馆50729 449110202901~30 专业课经济学院3507英语科学馆50930 449110203001~30 专业课经济学院3508英语科学馆41531 449110203101~04 专业课经济学院3508英语科学馆41532 449110203201~15 专业课经济学院3203俄语科学馆51133 449110203301~30 专业课经济学院3101日语科学馆51334 449110203401~30 专业课经济学院3101日语科学馆51535 449110203501~21 专业课经济学院3204日语科学馆515广州大学（广园校区）考点考场安排（考试时间：2003年11月1－2日）考试专业：教育硕士学校地址: 广州市广园中路248号（广州大学广园校区考点的考场安排将在下周二公布）。

2003年在职攻硕英语联考真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 终身学习对每个人的重要性。

2．终身学习的方式有多种……3．你认为你应该采取哪种方式，为什么?正确答案：Life-long Learning In today’s society, life-long learning has become very important for everyone. This is because one needs to renew his knowledge continuously in order to meet the needs of his work and fast development of the society. There are several ways for one to take a life-long learning. One way is to take a part-time education program. It means that one is learning part time while he is working. The program could be at undergraduate level or graduate level. The second way is to study by oneself. You can learn whatever you need for your work on your own. You can learn from books, from TV programs or from Internet or radio. In my opinion, life-long learning is necessary for us. We should choose one of the ways mentioned above, which depends on your own personal preference and interest. I prefer the first one because this kind of learning is systematic and formal. With the help of the teachers, it is easier to learn and quicker to get what you need for your work.。