翻译硕士英语B卷2016

2016年青岛大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解PART IGRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY (20 Points)There are twenty sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one word or phrase that best completes each sentence.1. The fuel of the continental missile is supposed to be by this device.A. ignitedB. lightedC. firedD. inspired【答案】A【解析】句意：这个洲际导弹的燃料应该用这种装置点燃。

ignite多用于科技文体，指使用火花使易燃物迅速燃烧起来。

fire为普通用词，指将某物点燃使其燃烧起来。

light指点燃易燃物，使其能发光，满足各种需要。

2. The police have offered a large for information leading to the robber’s arrest.A. awardB. compensationC. prize【答案】D【解析】句意：reward意为“酬谢，奖赏”，尤指因表现出色或向他人提供帮助或服务而得到的酬谢；award尤指因成绩卓越由官方决定颁发的“奖品，奖金”；compensation 尤指因损失而给予的“补偿，赔偿”；prize指在比赛中获得的“奖品，奖赏”。

3. The driver thinks accidents only happen to other people.A. averageB. commonC. usualD. normal【答案】A【解析】句意：一般的司机都认为车祸只会发生在别人身上。

2016年宁波大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Writing 7. Cloze TextV ocabulary1．Even though he was guilty, the______judge did not send him to prison.A．mercifulB．impartialC．conscientiousD．conspicuous正确答案：A解析：本题考查形容词辨析。

让步状语从句中的guilty(有罪的)和主句的意思(法官没有把他送进监狱)表明，该法官是一个“仁慈的”人，故merciful(仁慈的，宽厚的)为答案。

impartial意为“公正的，不偏不倚的”；conscientious意为“认真的，勤勤恳恳的”；conspicuous意为“显眼的，明显的”，均与让步状语从句的意思不符，故均排除。

2．The education______for the coming year is about $ 4 billion, which is much more than what people expected.A．allowanceB．reservationC．budgetD．finance正确答案：C解析：本题考查名词辨析。

根据句意“来年的教育______约为40亿美元，这远远超出人们的预期”可知，横线处应填和“钱”有关的词，可首先排除reservation(预订；保留)。

allowance意为“(定期发给的)津贴，补助”，不符合$4 billion(40亿美元)的语义，故排除。

根据空后的the coming year(来年)可确定，本题答案为budget(预算，预算拨款)。

finance(财政，金融)是指管理货币、债务、信贷和投资的商业或政府活动，也与语义不符，故排除。

3．They had fierce______as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship which was broken years ago.A．debateB．clashC．disagreementD．context正确答案：A解析：本题考查名词辨析。

2016年华南理工大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(总分：102.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：60.00)1.If you keep on trying something, the day will come when you can do it well and with great______. （分数：2.00）A.careB.ease √C.tempoD.dignity解析：解析：本题考查名词辨析。

you can do it well意为“你会做好它”，with great______ 与此并列，意义上应该与此接近。

with great care意为“小心翼翼地”。

with great ease意为“轻而易举地”，符合题意，故答案为[B]项。

with great tempo意为“以极大的速度”；with great dignity意为“威风凛凛”。

如果填入care，tempo或dignity，与you can do it well的语义不符，故均排除。

2.She______to find new stories about her homeland, making sure her American-born daughter did not grow up ignorant of Chinese culture.（分数：2.00）A.dropped outB.went out of her way √C.gave wayD.got down解析：解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。

drop out意为“离开，退出”。

go out of one's way意为“不怕麻烦；特地”。

give way意为“撤退；让路；退让；垮掉”。

get down意为“沮丧；落下；吞下；写下”。

本句意为：为了保证她在美国出生的女儿长大后不会对中国文化很生疏，她______找寻有关祖国的新鲜事。

2016年中南大学翻译硕士MTI真题答案解析各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上研究生，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。

第1卷：基础英语Part 1: Grammar and V ocabulary. （25 POINTS）01. Is vanity one of the seven deadly sins?A. foolishnessB. sanityC. prideD. selfishness02. The child was uncomfortable under the scrutiny of his grandfather.A. examinationB. weightC. gazeD. attention03. Professor Bright likes to ramble during her lectures.A. mumbleB. ruminateC. wonderD. wander04. The teacher is very exacting about his students’penmanship.A. lenientB. demandingC. carefulD. meticulous05. There are rumors of an economic menace from the dairy cooperatives.A. problemB. ultimatumC. disasterD. threat06. The driver was baffled when his turn signal wouldn’t work.A. confusedB. surprisedC. angeredD. dismayed07. The father gave his son a horse, which was considered extravagant by the rest of the family.A. exorbitantB. crazyC. unwiseD. generous08. After the boy was hit on the head, he had no recollection of anything that had happened before.A. memoirB. memberC. memoryD. memento09. The little girls were commended for their wonderful dance presentation.A. recommendedB. respectedC. pleasedD. praised10. It would be a blessing for the human race if the mosquito could be eradicated.A. wiped upB. wiped awayC. wiped offD. wiped out11. The clamorous group of children enjoyed the park all afternoon.A. nosyB. noxiousC. noisyD. noisome12. The flood waters began to abate as soon as the rain ceased.A. diminishB. dimC. deemD. dilute13. New York City’s Brooklyn area holds 2. 2 million diverse and disputatious people.A. disreputableB. argumentativeC. arbitraryD. ardent14. Few visitors care that the neighborhood is dominated by high rises and skyscrapers.A. overlookedB. overthrownC. over passedD. overshadowed15. With the new leadership there came sweeping change.A. uprootingB. wide-reachingC. reachingD. specific16. The sudden bankruptcy of these financial giants threw the investors ____ and caused them to ____.A. in a panic/stampedeB. in a panic/panicC. in confusion/hold their stocksD. in despair/withdraw gradually17. During the flood of 1927, the Red Cross, ____ out of emergency headquarters in Mississippi, set up temporary shelters for the homeless.A. operatesB. is operatingC. has operatedD. operating18. The quantum theory states ____, such as light, is given off and absorbed in tiny definite units called quanta or photons.A. energy thatB. that it is energyC. it is energyD. that energy19. The best known of all the Arctic birds, ____.A. birdwatchers favor ptarmigansB. being ptarmigans’and birdwatchers’favoritesC. favored by both ptarmigans and birdwatchersD. ptarmigans are a favorite of birdwatchers20. Geysers are round near rivers and lakes, where water drains through the soil ____.A. surface below the deepB. deep below the surfaceC. the deep below surfaceD. the deep surface below21. “Yesterday he had a blue heart and coat.”That is an example of ____.A. punB. metonymyC. zeugmaD. sytllepsis22. “By day’s end, I had drilled 4216 holes to a depth of 18 inches, and I had lost mine pounds, my hearing, feeling in both hands and the ability to lift anything heavier than the evening paper.”That is an example of ____.A. punB. syllepsisC. anticlimaxD. allusion23. “Britannia rules the waves, Mussolini waives the rules.”That is an example of ____.A. paregmenonB. regressionC. paradoxD. zeugma24 “Clearly, when it comes to marriage, practicing beforehand doesn’t make perfect.”That is an example of ____.A. oxymoronB. transferred epithetC. malapropismD. parody25. “The one in the brown suit gaped at her. Blue suit grinned, might even have winked. The big nose in grey suit still stared—and he had small angry eyes and did noteven smile.”That is an example of ____.A. hyperboleB. transferred epithetC. metonymyD. oxymoronPart 2: Reading Comprehension. （15 POINTS）Passage AFor years, millions of Americans and people from around the world have crowded into the well-known major parks. They have read the travel literature or heard firsthand reports about these wonders, and naturally they’ve had to see for themselves.At times, visiting some of our parks has become more like rubbing elbows at a jam packed Major League baseball game than sensing the solitude of the wilderness. We have tried to see the most and the best in the least amount of time. We have jumped into cars and campers and rushed off to cover a dozen parks in a week or two —madly snapping photographs as we go.01. According to the passage, many Americans visit the major parks because ____.A. they like the well-known major parks.B. they want to gain the same knowledge as others.C. they want to show the pictures of those parks to their friends.D. they don’t care for the historic parks.02. We can infer from the passage that ____.A. people should not visit several parks superficially.B. people should not spend more time thinking about the park itself.C. people should visit the famous parks in America.D. people should drive around the parks.Passage BFull-time faculty and staff on the University payroll, when applying for an annual permit, may authorize payment of their parking fees by payroll deduction. The first deduction will include the regular monthly deduction of $15.00 plus a one-time deduction to cover all parking charges accruing prior to the first deduction period.01. These instructions apply to ____.A. anyone who is applying for a parking permitB. all people who want to park at the UniversityC. people who work full-time at the UniversityD. people who are applying to work at the University02. You may have your parking fees deducted from your pay if you ____.A. are applying for an annual permitB. have paid all prior parking chargesC. apply before the first deduction periodD. park at the University regularlyPassage CThe science of linguistics has helped to reconstruct the long road the ancestors of modern day Indians traveled in North America. At the time of the discovery of the New World, the explorers found a babel of tongues. In North and South America more languages were spoken—about 2,200 of them—than all of Europe and Asia at that time. Despite what some early explorers and European scholars believed, there never was such a language as “American Indian”—meaning, presumably, one common language with only local dialects. Rather than one common language that linked the Indians of North America, about 550 distinct languages were spoken, and nearly everylanguage comprised numerous dialects. A second misconception was that a language had to be written to rank as a full-fledged language. In North America, a truly written language developed only in Mexico, yet most Indian groups were able to communicate a rich unwritten tradition of poetry, oratory, and drama.01. When explorers discovered North America, ____.A. there was one common language spoken throughout the landB. they discovered a placed called BabelC. written language was an important means of communicationD. there were many languages spoken, most with many dialects02. An incorrect belief of some early scholars was that ____.A. 550 distinct languages were spoken in North AmericaB the American Indian language had many dialectsC. more languages were spoken in North America than in EuropeD. to be a real language, a language had to be written03. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? ____A. Only Mexican Indians communicated through poetry, drama, and oration.B. Most Indian languages were rich in poetry, oratory and drama.C. Only written Indian languages were rich in poetry, oratory, and drama.D. North American Indians did not develop a truly written language.Passage DIn general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations”experts, yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not whole heartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue- and white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might f themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates, They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again—by thepsychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise”capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities—those of love and of reason—are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.01. By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery”the author intends to render the idea that man is ____.A. a necessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligibleB. working in complete harmony with the rest of the societyC. an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothlyD. a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly02. The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ____.A. they are likely to lose their jobsB. they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in lifeC. they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existenceD. they are deprived of their individuality and independence03. From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those ____.A. who are at the bottom of the societyB. who are higher tip in their social statusC. who prove better than their fellow-competitorsD. who could keep far away from this competitive world04. To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should ____.A. resort to the production mode of our ancestorsB. offer higher wages to the workers and employeesC. enable man to fully develop his potentialitiesD. take the fundamental realities for grantedPassage EThe newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, pure, unprejudiced, objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex news it must provide more; it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts, This is the most importantassignment confronting American journalism—to make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news understandable as community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing (with the possible exception of society news) as “local”news, because any event in the international area has local reaction in the financial market, political circles, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life.There is in journalism a widespread view that when you consider giving an interpretation, you are entering dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion. This is nonsense.The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall confine himself to the “facts”. This insistence raises two questions. What are the facts? And: Are the bare facts enough?As for the first question, consider how a so-called “factual”story comes about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out these fifty, his space being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten which he considers most important. This is judgment Number One. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the beginning of the article. (This is an important decision because many readers do not proceed beyond fine first paragraph.) This is Judgment Number Two. Then the night editor determines whether fine article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large influence, or on page twenty-four, where it has little. Judgment Number Three.Thus in the presentation of a so-called “factual”or “objective”story, at leastthree judgments: are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which. , reporter and editor, calling upon their research resources, their general background, and their “news neutralism”, arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news.The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, art both objective rather than subjective processes—as objective, that is, as any human being can be. (Note in passing: even though complete objectivity can never be achieved, nevertheless the ideal must always be the light in the murky news channels.) If an editor is intent on giving a prejudiced view of the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the selection of those facts that support his particular viewpoint. Or he can do it by the play he gives a story —promoting it to page one or putting it on page thirty.01. The best title for this passage is ____.A. Function of the Night EditorB. Interpreting the NewsC. Subjective versus Objective ProcessesD. Choosing Facts02. The author implies that ____.A. in writing a factual story, the writer must use judgmentB. the writer should limit himself to the factsC, reporters give prejudiced view of the factsD. editors control what the reporters write03. The beginning sentence should present the most important fact because ____.A. it will influence the reader to continueB. most readers read only the first paragraphC. it is the best way to write according to the schools of journalismD. it details the general attitude of the writer04. Readers are justified in thinking that the most important aspect of the news reported in the newspaper is that it should be ____.A. interpreted in detailB. edited properlyC. objectively reportedD. impartialPart 3: Translation. （30 POINTS）01. In the early stage of our life, our parents are the ones who shower us withunconditional love and care, they teach us about what is right and wrong, good and bad. But we always tend to take this for granted. It is only after marriage and having kids that a person understands and becomes sensitive to others feelings. Kids make a person responsible and mature and help us to understated life better.02. Materialistic happiness is short-lived, but happiness achieved by bringing a smile on others face gives a certain level of fulfillment. Peace of mind is the main link to happiness. No mind is happy without peace. We realize the true worth of happiness when we are in sorrow. Sorrow is basically due to death of a loved one, failure and despair. But these things are temporary and pass away.03. Failure is the path to success. It helps us to touch the sky, teaches us to survive and shows us a specific way. Success brings in money, fame, pride and self-respect. Here it becomes very important to keep our head on our shoulder. The only way to show our gratitude to God for bestowing success on us is by being humble, modest, courteous and respectful to the less fortunate ones.04. Hope is what keeps life going. Parents always hope their children will do well. Hope makes us dream. Hope builds in patience. Life teaches us not to despair even in the darkest hour, because after every night there is a day. Nothing remains the same. We have only one choice keep moving on in life and be hopeful.05. Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it has passed and is beyond our control. Tomorrow is unknown, for it could either be bright or dull. So the only alternative is work hard today, so that we will enjoy a better tomorrow.06. 从我居室的窗口望出去，可以看到一棵高高的芙蓉树。

[考研类试卷]2016年华南理工大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc[考研类试卷]2016年华南理工大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷一、Vocabulary1 If you keep on trying something, the day will come when you can do it well and with great______.（A）care（B）ease（C）tempo（D）dignity2 She______to find new stories about her homeland, making sure her American-born daughter did not grow up ignorant of Chinese culture.（A）dropped out（B）went out of her way（C）gave way（D）got down3 In the past, a woman's world usually______household work and waiting for her children and husband to come home.（A）made up（B）composed of（C）was comprised of（D）consisted of4 Domestic tourists now make up more than 90 percent of the country's totaland______two-thirds of its total tourism earnings.（A）attribute（B）contribute（C）distribute（D）dispatch5 He is a diligent and______teacher, well liked by his students.（A）voluntary（B）conscious（C）conscientious（D）hard6 The doctor tried last time to explain to the Browns that infants and young children are more ______to the effects of secondhand smoke than adults.（A）conducive（B）advantageous（C）delicate（D）vulnerable7 It is absolutely true today that college degrees have become a valuable ______ for jobseekers in the country's developing market economy.（A）asset（B）liability（C）deterrent（D）means8 She is far too______to believe these ridiculous lies.（A）sensational（B）sensitive（C）sensible（D）sensuous9 With______audiences and less financial support from government, Britain's best orchestras must find new sources of income, if they are to continue.（A）shrinking（B）captive（C）withering（D）sympathetic10 On July 1, 1997, China resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong, wiping out 156 years of colonial humiliation______on the Chinese nation.（A）befell（B）imposed（C）afflicted（D）leased11 Johnson______the problem in his mind for two more days before he came to a conclusion.（A）turned on（B）turned over（C）turned out（D）turned to12 Many of the works exhibited in the gallery are______, filled with energy and vitality, bright colors and unique ways of expressing ideas.（A）imaginative（B）imaginable（C）imagined（D）imaginary13 Words fail to______our feelings of great reverence for the hero.（A）imply（B）deliver（C）convey（D）contain14 China is______an ambitious plan to stimulate the domestic economy by investing in infrastructure construction , of which telecommunications are an important part.（A）undertaking（B）supervising（C）foiling（D）compiling15 I have to______time to prepare for the coming sports meet.（A）set about（B）set aside（C）set up（D）set off16 If not properly______, border issues which are always very sensitive and complicated international relations can often trigger conflicts.（A）handled（B）handing（C）handle（D）to handle17 After______seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel manager's office.（A）what（B）it（C）that（D）there18 Every change of season, every change of weather ______ some change in the wonderful colors and shapes of these mountains.（A）make（B）makes（C）is making（D）are making19 There______nothing more for discussion, the meetingcame to an end half an hour earlier.（A）to be（B）to have been（C）be（D）being20 Variables such as individual and corporate behavior______nearly impossible for economists to forecast economic trends with precision.（A）make it（B）make（C）it makes（D）makes it21 Had Jane been more careful on the math exam, she______much better results now. （A）would be getting （B）could have got（C）must get（D）would get22 By the year 2030, it's estimated that more than two thirds of the world's population will be living in cities —______today.（A）twice as many as（B）as twice as many（C）as much as twice（D）as much twice as23 My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she couldwalk______far.（A）/（B）such（C）that（D）as24 Much______I like Antonia, I hated the superior tone that she sometimes took with me. （A）although（B）since（C）for（D）as25 Developing friendly ties with neighborly countries is the priority aim of this country's foreign policy and this policy will not be changed______the international situation may be.（A）whichever（B）however（C）wherever（D）whatever26 The snow leopard is a class-one endangered species, ______is the giant panda. （A）as（B）such（C）which（D）that27 Jeremy came to visit me again. It was the second time he______me that afternoon. （A）had been interrupting （B）has interrupted（C）would have interrupted（D）had interrupted28 Grace's eyes were wet with tears as she put her face______she could, gripping my left hand and stroking it.（A）as close as to mine（B）so close to mine as（C）as close to mine as（D）much so close as29 The boys in the family are old enough for______.（A）school（B）schools（C）the school（D）the schools30 Intellect is to the mind______sight is to the body.（A）as（B）what（C）like（D）that二、Reading Comprehension30 [1] T o say that the city is a central problem of American life is simply to know that increasingly the cities are American life; just as urban living is becoming the condition of man across the world. Everywhere men and women crowd into cities in search of employment, a decent living, the company of their fellows, and the excitement and stimulation of urban life.[2] Within a very few years, 80 percent of all Americans will live in cities — the great majority of them in concentrations like those which stretch from Boston to Washington, and outward from Chicago and Los Angeles and San Francisco and St. Louis. The cities are the nerve system of economic life for the entire Nation, and for much of the world.[3] And each of our cities is now the seat of nearly all the problems of American life: poverty and race hatred, stunted education and saddened lives, and the other ills of the new urban Nation — congestion and filth, danger and purposelessness —which afflict all but the very rich and the very lucky.[4] ...The city is not just housing and stores. It is not just education and employment, parks and theaters, banks and shops. It is a place where men should be able to live in dignity and security and harmony, where the great achievements of moderncivilization and the ageless pleasures afforded by natural beauty should be available to all. If this is what we want — and this is what we must want if men are to be free for that "pursuit of happiness" which was the earliest promise of the American Nation —we will need more than poverty programs, housing programs, and employment programs, although we will need all of these. We will need an outpouring of imagination, ingenuity, discipline, and hard work unmatched since the first adventurers set out to conquer the wilderness. For the problem is the largest we have ever known. And we confront an urban wilderness more formidable and resistant and in some ways more frightening than the wilderness faced by the pilgrims or the pioneers.[5] One great problem is sheer growth —growth which crowds people into slums, thrusts suburbs out over the countryside, burdens to the breaking point all our old ways of thought and action — our systems of transport and water supply and education, and our means of raising money to finance these vital services.[6] A second is destruction of the physical environment, stripping people of contact with sun and fresh air, clean rivers, grass and trees — condemning them to a life among stone and concrete, neon lights and an endless flow of automobiles. This happens not only in the central city, but in the very suburbs where people once fled to find nature. "There is no police so effective," said Emerson, "as a good hill and a wide pasture... where the boys...can dispose of their superfluous strength and spirits." We cannot restore the pastures, but we must provide a chance to enjoy nature, a chance for recreation, for pleasure and for some restoration of that essential dimension of human existence which flows only from man's contact with the naturalworld around him.[7] A third is the increasing difficulty of transportation —adding concealed, unpaid hours to the workweek, removing men from the social and cultural amenities that are the heart of the city; sending destructive swarms of automobiles across the city, leaving behind them a band of concrete and a poisoned atmosphere. And sometimes — as in Watts — our surrender to the automobile has so crippled public transport that thousands literally cannot afford to go to work elsewhere in the city.[8] A fourth destructive force is the concentrated poverty and racial tension of the urban ghetto — a problem so vast that the barest recital of its symptoms is profoundly shocking: Segregation is becoming the governing rule; Washington is only the most prominent example of a city which has become overwhelmingly Negro as whites move to thesuburbs; many other cities are moving along the same road — for example, Chicago, which, if present trends continue, will be over 50 percent Negro by 1975. The ghettoes of Harlem and Southside and Watts are cities in themselves, areas of as much as 350, 000 people.Poverty and unemployment are endemic: from one-third of the families in these areas live in poverty, in some, male unemployment may be as high as 40 percent; unemployment of Negro youths nationally is over 25 percent.Welfare and dependency are pervasive: one-fourth of the children in these ghettoes, as in Harlem, may receive Federal Aid to Dependent Children; in New York City, ADC alone costs over $ 20 million a month; in our five largest cities, the ADC bill's over $ 500 million a year.Housing is overcrowded, unhealthy, and dilapidated: the lasthousing census found 43 percent of urban Negro housing to be substandard; in these ghettoes, over 10, 000 children may be injured or infected by rat bites every year.Education is segregated, unequal, and inadequate: the high school dropout rate averages nearly 70 percent, there are academic high schools in which less than 3 percent of the entering students will graduate with an academic diploma.Health is poor and care inadequate: infant mortality in the ghettoes is more than twice the rate outside, mental retardation among Negroes caused by inadequate prenatal care is more than seven times the white rate; one-half of all babies born in Manhattan last year will have had no prenatal care at all; deaths from diseases like tuberculosis, influenza, and pneumonia are two to three times as common as elsewhere.[9] Fifth is both cause and consequence of all the rest. It is the destruction of the sense, and often the fact, of community, of human dialog, the thousand invisible strands of common experience and purpose, affection and respect which tie men to their fellows. Community is expressed in such words as neighborhood, civic pride, friendship. It provides the life-sustaining force of human warmth and security, a sense of one's own human significance in the accepted association and companionship of others.[10]/doc/5d3837163369a45177232f60ddccda 38376be1f5.html munity demands a place where people can see and know each other, where children can play and adults work together and join in the pleasures and responsibilities of the place where they live. The whole history of the human race, until today, has been the history of community. Yet, this isdisappearing, and disappearing at a time when its sustaining strength is badly needed. For other values which once gave strength for the daily battle of life are also being eroded.[11] The widening gap between the experience of the generations in a rapidly changing world has weakened the ties of family; children grow up in a world of experience and culture their parents never knew.[12] The world beyond the neighborhood has become more impersonal and abstract. Industry and great cities, conflicts between nations and the conquests of science move relentlessly forward, seemingly beyond the reach of individual control or even understanding.[13] ...But of all our problems, the most immediate and pressing, the one which threatens to paralyze our very capacity to act, to obliterate our vision of the future, is the plight of the Negro of the center city. For this plight and the riots which are its product and symptom —threaten to divide Americans for generations to come; to add to theever-present difficulties of race and class the bitter legacy of violence and destruction and fear....[14] It is therefore of the utmost importance that these hearings go beyond the temporary measures thus far adopted to deal with riots — beyond the first hoses and the billy clubs; and beyond even sprinklers on fire hydrants and new swimming pools as well. These hearings must start us along the road toward solutions to the underlying conditions which afflict our cities, so that they may become the places of fulfillment and ease, comfort and joy, the communities they were meant to be.31 According to the passage, everywhere men and women crowd into cities in searchof______.（A）employment and race hatred（B）a decent living and stunted education（C）congestion and the company of their fellows（D）the excitement and other advantages of urban life32 It can be learned that within a few years, ______of all Americans will live in concentrations like those which stretch from Boston to Washington, and outward from Chicago and other cities.（A）less than 80 percent（B）about 80 percent（C）more than 80 percent（D）none of the above33 Besides poverty, housing and unemployment programs, Americans need______to attain the kind of society they want.（A）imagination（B）ingenuity（C）discipline and hard work（D）all of the above34 According to the author, the city should be______.（A）the seat of nearly all the problems of American life（B）just houses, stores, schools, businesses, parks, and theaters（C）place where people can live in dignity and security and harmony（D）the nerve system of political, economic, cultural life for much of the world35 The major city problems discussed in the passage include all of the following EXCEPT______.（A）racial tension and the destruction of the sense ofcommunity（B）sheer growth and destruction of the physical environment（C）the difficulty of transportation and concentrated poverty（D）unpaid working hours and a poisoned atmosphere36 The most prominent example of a city which has become overwhelmingly Negro is______.（A）New York（B）San Francisco（C）Chicago（D）Washington37 Which of the following statement is NOT true?（A）20 percent of the children in ghettos may receive Federal Aid to Dependent Children.（B）Male unemployment in some areas may be as high as 40 percent.（C）43 percent of urban Negro housing is substandard.（D）In ghettos, the high school dropout rate averages nearly 70 percent.38 The reason why the plight of the Negro is the most immediate and pressing problem is that it threatens______.（A）to paralyze the American economy（B）to divide Americans for generations to come（C）to destroy the vision of the future generations（D）to use violence in overthrowing the old belief and social system39 According to the author, the sense of community chiefly means______.（A）the ties of family（B）a thousand imaginable strands（C）things which tie men to their fellows（D）the values which once gave strength for the daily battle of life40 In this selection, the author makes______work for him to order the materials so that it is easy to follow.（A）description（B）classification（C）definition（D）narration40 [1] When I first saw Pippa the cheetah, she was sitting pertly on a chair in the tearoom of the New Stanley Hotel in Nairobi. I had gone to meet her owners, an English couple who were leaving Kenya and wanted to ensure that their pet would find a good home. Pippa was wearing a harness and was able to sit at a table, looking as if she might have a soft drink through a straw. She was a thoroughly spoiled cub.[2] Eighteen months later she had returned to the wild. She was living in the Northern Frontier District where she had been born. She had learned to hunt for herself, had mated with a wild cheetah, and was raising a litter of cubs.[3] Pippa's rehabilitation to the wild required patience, perseverance, love, and the same kind of respect for her as a being that I would have offered a fellow human. I had previously shared this love and respect with Elsa the lioness, whom my husband George and I had raised as a cub. But it was not simply a matter of affection — although there was plenty of that. The rehabilitation process was important as an experiment in developing a means of trying to guarantee the survival of endangered species. The cheetah is one of these; the lion maybecome one soon.[4] I learned many things from Elsa and Pippa. They proved always to be interesting and affectionate companions. And I enjoyed the closeness to nature that the rehabilitation process required. But there were raany times when I was working with Elsa and Pippa, and there have been many times since, when I have wondered about another endangered species, a species generally as ignorant of the threat to its survival as these two cats had been. That species is man.[5] Some recent scientific, economic, and political research suggests that the curves for food demand and food supply will cross in a maximum of 60 years. By then, man's overpopulation, increasing pollution, and the diminishing food supply could threaten to end human life on our planet. Being aware of this research, I could not help wondering what steps man could take to ensure his survival. Could he, for instance, learn from animals something about birth control, inter-creature relationships, or thought communication that would help him avoid extinction?[6] Generally, the first reaction to such musings is one of astonishment. The question phrases itself. What can man, the most highly evolved species of animal life, learn from less developed creatures? Astonishment at this question itself suggests a starting place. Perhaps man needs to regain his humility — and his sense of perspective. Perhaps he should look at himself as just another experiment of nature, no more important intrinsically than the thousands of other species evolved on our planet. Man is, after all, a fairly recent development. He has lived on earth only 1. 7 million years — not a very long time compared with the 400 million years of somecreatures.[7] Man's achievements during this stay are astounding. Yet they endanger his own survival. As a result, he may disappear as have other species who became too overspecialized, or outlived their environment. Perhaps more than any other creature man is notable for his constant violations of the eternal law of living in harmony with nature. Man kills everything that competes with him for living space or food. He has irreparably damaged his environment. He has forsaken nature's basic laws, substituting for them his own man-made laws and values. He has, for example, invented money —and now he gauges success, power, and achievement almost exclusively in terms of it. He overestimates his ego and his capacities. He worships status and sacrifices fantastically for it.[8] A more rational perspective would see that all organic life is of equal importance. That every species has its role to play. That nothing survives unless it fits into the balance of nature and lives within its environment. That all life must work together to preserve life and maintain ecology.[9] But man can also learn more specifically from animals. With his research capacity he can ask himself : How were animals able to maintain the balance of nature for more than 400 million years? Once he has unlocked these secrets, he can try to apply them to his own situation.[10] What are some of these secrets? Birth control is one. Animals have very efficient means of controlling their reproduction. We who study animals have learned about it only in the last few years. We don't yet know how it works, but we do know some facts. Most antelopes, for example, can withhold their young for weeks, even months. They do this in order that birthsoccur with the arrival of the rains, the availability of grazing, and the mothers' adequate supply of milk for the young.[11] Elephants seem able to adjust their reproduction in somewhat the same way. On the Victoria Nile, for instance, one bank is extremely eroded; it provides barely enough food for the elephants living there. The opposite bank, on the other hand, is quite well covered with vegetation. Observations indicate that elephants on the grassy bank calve every four years, while those on the eroded bank do so only every nine.[12] My own observations of Elsa and Pippa have revealed some most interesting facts. These cats come into season every five to seven weeks. Once the first litter has been born, they have the capacity to produce a new litter every three and a half months, and some zoo-confined lionesses actually do produce litters this of-ten. But in their natural state, females of these species will not let a male near them — let alone mate with him — while they are engaged in rearing their young to complete independence. Among lions this period lasts two years; among cheetahs it is about seventeen and a half months.[13] When Pippa lost two litters to predators a few days after their birth, she instantly looked for a mate and conceived despite the fact she had hardly recovered from giving birth. Knowing that her unfortunate cubs did not need her anymore, she lost no time in starting a new litter. This also happened with a lioness I knew.[14] Judging from this behavior, I can only assume that some kind of psychological block stops mother lions and cheetahs from wanting to mate while they are preoccupied with training their young.[15] Another secret of animals' survival is telepathy. This sense has become atrophied in man, but a definite thought-communication functions in animals. Elsa the lioness frequently sensed when George and I intended to visit her camp, even though it lay 180 miles from our home in Isiolo. On most occasions when we made our irregular visits she was waiting for us. By following her spoor we discovered that she had sometimes walked 50 or 60 miles to meet us.[16] The same thing happened when I took Elsa's two sisters to Nairobi to be flown to the Rotterdam zoo. Elsa stayed behind with George in Isiolo 180 miles away. He did not know when I was coming back; no person knew. But Elsa knew. On the morning of my return she sat down in the entrance drive and would not budge until I arrived in the evening.[17] I have known this kind of thought-communication with the animals with whomI've lived. When Elsa died, I woke in the night, knowing what had happened, even thoughI was several hundred miles away. The same thing occurred later with one of Pippa's cubs.[18] I don't possess this sensitivity with my own kind. I feel far more in tune with what is going on when I am in the bush than when I am in London or Nairobi. We don't know much yet about this telepathy —from which gland it comes, or how it works. But if men could reawaken or cultivate it in themselves, and then cooperate by trusting each other, rather than fearing and treating one another suspiciously, the world would be a far better place.[19] Another secret of the animals is embodied in a basic law of nature which men often ignore. Every animal has around him a security zone. Within that zone he feels safe. Simple observation shows what happens to creatures whose sense ofadequate living space has been consistently violated, and who have thus become degenerate. You only have to go to a zoo. There you find animals sitting like prisoners, tucked so close togetherthat it is not surprising they become frustrated and sometimes so tense that they try to break out. Then they have to be destroyed.[20] When people see animals in this condition, they get the impression that the animals are either dangerous and aggressive or, if they have fallen into a state of utter despair, that they are lethargic or stupid. But animals that I have known in their natural state are never like this. This illustrates why zoos — even the best zoos — cannot solve the problem of recovering a healthy survival number of presently endangered species.[21] The security-zone sense, the need for adequate living space, is not limited to wild animals. Men once possessed it as well. But now our awareness of it has grown so faint that four or five people can live together in one room, a situation which repeatedly occurs in overcrowded slums. People living in these conditions often become aggressive —sometimes even criminal — for the same reason that animals do in zoos.[22] Man-made values account not only for man's reduced awareness of his own security zone. They have also impaired a whole range of relationships which nature had placed in proper perspective. One of these, referred to earlier, is mating. Another is the relationship of mother to young. So many modern human mothers these days prefer to have jobs and put their children in day-care centers or kindergartens, rather than look after them. In nature this happens only in perverted cases. I have watched many animal mothers with their young. They are devoted to them andtend them with affection — and discipline. But they don't overdo it. Elsa and Pippa loved their cubs, but they also kept strict behavior. There was no nonsense about it.[23] Man's great challenge at this moment is to prevent his exodus from this planet. If he wants to survive — which he can do only if all other forms of life around him survive as well — he simply has to see himself as no more important than his fellow creatures. Since man has a higher intelligence than most animals, he is responsible for insuring their survival and thus maintaining life on our planet.[24] I personally doubt that man can recover his original relationship with all other forms of life unless he reappraises his man-made values, returns again to the rules of nature, and then accepts and obeys them.41 The main idea of this article is that______.（A）people can teach animals how to survive（B）people can learn survival techniques from animals（C）animals can survive in the wild after living in zoos（D）animals can learn from man how to live in tune with nature42 In the sentence "But it was not simply a matter of affection..." (paragraph 3) , "it" refers to______.（A）respect（B）survival means（C）patience, perseverance and love（D）Pippa's rehabilitation to the wild43 In paragraph 6, it is implied, but not directly stated, that______.（A）man has not lived on the earth very long compared to some other creatures （B）man should look at himself as justanother experiment of nature（C）man thinks he can learn something from animals（D）man thinks he is more important than other animals44 In paragraph 7, the writer gives examples of______.（A）how man destroys the balance in nature（B）how man will survive in the future（C）how man uses his environment constructively（D）how man kills animals for food45 The subject of paragraphs 10, 11, 12, 13, and 46 is______.（A）Elsa and Pippa（B）Elephants on the Victoria Nile。

2016年山东大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc2016年山东大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(总分：72.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.He felt that the uninspiring routine of office work was too______for someone of his talent and creativity.（分数：2.00）A.prosaicB.insatiableC.exactingD.enthralling2.The museum arranged the fossils in______order, placing the older fossils dating from the Late Ice Age on the first floor and the more recent fossils on the second floor.（分数：2.00）A.alphabeticalB.chronologicalC.randomD.arbitrary3.With the evolution of wings, insects were able to______to the far ecological corners, across deserts and bodies of water, to reach new food sources and inhabit a wider variety of promising environmental niches.（分数：2.00）A.relateB.disperseC.transgressD.revert4.Having recently missed out on the Matisse retrospective, which has taken Paris and New York by storm, and on the tour of great paintings from Philadelphia's Barnes collection, London isbecoming______in the competition to show blockbuster international art exhibitions.（分数：2.00）A.a trend-setterB.an also-ranC.a world-beaterD.a mecca5.What most______the magazine's critics is the manner in which its editorial opinions are expressed too often as if only an idiot could see things any other way.（分数：2.00）A.beliesB.impedesC.rilesD.placates6.Despite her compassionate nature, the new nominee to the Supreme Court was single-minded and ______in her strict adherence to the letter of the law.（分数：2.00）A.mercifulB.uncompromisingC.dilatoryD.vindictive7.Although he generally observed the adage "Look before you leap," in this instance hewas______acting in an unconsidered fashion.（分数：2.00）A.chary ofB.impervious toC.precipitate inD.hesitant about8.Surrounded by a retinue of sycophants who invariably______her singing, Callas wearied of the constant adulation and longed for honest criticism.（分数：2.00）A.orchestratedB.thwartedC.assailedD.extolled9.There is nothing______or provisional about Moore's early critical pronouncements; she deals confidently with what were then radical new developments in poetry.（分数：2.00）A.tentativeB.positiveC.dogmaticD.shallow10.She______the chance to spend a whole day with her father.（分数：2.00）A.jumped onB.jumped atC.jumped withD.jumped up11.She pointed out that his resume was______because it merely recorded his previous positions and failed to highlight the specific skills he had mastered in each job.（分数：2.00）A.disinterestedB.inadequateC.conclusiveD.obligatory12.Because it was already known that retroviruses could cause cancer in animals, it seemed only______to search for similar cancer-causing viruses in human beings.（分数：2.00）A.culpableB.charitableC.hypotheticalD.logical13.Her______is always a source of irritation; she never uses a single word when she can substitutea long clause or phrase in its place.（分数：2.00）A.frivolityB.verbosityC.ambivalenceD.cogency14.It is futile to try to destroy pests completely with chemical poisons, for as each new chemical pesticide is introduced, the insects gradually become______to it.（分数：2.00）A.drawnB.vulnerableC.resistantD.indifferent15.Ms. Ono rarely gives interviews because she believes the news media have______her and treated her badly.（分数：2.00）A.publicizedB.misrepresentedC.eulogizedD.acclaimed16.Totem craftsmanship reached its______in the 19th century, when the introduction of metal tools enabled carvers to execute more sophisticated designs.（分数：2.00）A.apexB.conclusionC.antithesisD.reward17.As delicate and______as insect bodies are, it is remarkable that over the ages enough of them have ______, preserved inamber, for scientists to trace insect evolution.（分数：2.00）A.beautiful; disappearedB.fragile; survivedC.impervious; multipliedD.refined; awakened18.Unfortunately, the current Broadway season offers some ______fare that sounds markedly like imitations of previous hits.（分数：2.00）A.epicB.radicalC.formulaicD.incongruous19.For those who admire realism, Louis Malle's recent film succeeds because it consciously shuns the stuff of legend and tells______story as it might actually unfold with fallible people in earthly time.（分数：2.00）A.a derivativeB.an antiquatedC.an unembellishedD.an ethereal20.Crabeater seal, the common name of Lobodon car-cinophagus, is a______, since the animal's staple diet is not crabs, but krill.（分数：2.00）A.pseudonymB.misnomerC.delusionD.digression二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：30.00)The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals,assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed "intuition" to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking. Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness. Isenberg's recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers' intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills.A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an "Aha!" experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitiveprocess in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns. One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that "thinking" is inseparable from acting. Since managers often "know" what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert. Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to______.（分数：2.00）A.speed up the creation of a solution to a problemB.identify a problemC.bring together disparate factsD.stipulate clear goals(2).The passage suggests which of the following about the "writers on management" mentioned in Paragraph 2?（分数：2.00）A.They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.B.They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.C.They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.D.They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.(3).Which of the following best exemplifies "an 'Aha!' experience" in paragraph three as it is presented in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.A manager risks taking an action whose outcome is unpredictable to discover whether the action changes the problem at hand.B.A manager performs well-learned and familiar behavior patterns in creative and uncharacteristic ways to solve a problem.C.A manager suddenly connects seemingly unrelated facts and experiences to create a pattern relevant to the problem at hand.D.A manager rapidly identifies the methodology used to compile data yielded by systematic analysis.(4).According to the passage, the classical model of decision analysis includes all of the following EXCEPT______.（分数：2.00）A.creation of possible solutions to a problemB.establishment of clear goals to be reached by the decisionC.action undertaken in order to discover more information about a problem/doc/2d279041.html,parison of the probable effects of different solutions to a problem(5).The passage provides support for which of the following statements?（分数：2.00）A.Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.B.Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.C.Managers' intuition works contrary to their rational andanalytical skills.D.Logical analysis of a problem increases the number of possible solutions.For some time scientists have believed that cholesterol plays a major role in heart disease because people with familial hypercholesterolemia, a genetic defect, have six to eight times the normal level of cholesterol in their blood and they invariably develop heart disease. These people lack cell-surface receptors for low-density lipoproteins (LDL's), which are the fundamental carriers of blood cholesterol to the body cells that use cholesterol. Without an adequate number of cell-surface receptors to remove LDL's from the blood, the cholesterol-carrying LDL's remain in the blood, increasing blood cholesterol levels. Scientists also noticed that people with familial hypercholesterolemia appear to produce more LDL's than normal individuals. How, scientists wondered, could a genetic mutation that causes a slowdown in the removal of LDL's from the blood also result in an increase in the synthesis of this cholesterol-carrying protein? Since scientists could not experiment on human body tissue, their knowledge of familial hypercholesterolemia was severely limited. However, a breakthrough came in the laboratories of Yoshio Watanabe of Kobe University in Japan in 1980. Watanabe noticed that a male rabbit in his colony had ten times the normal concentration of cholesterol in its blood. By appropriate breeding, Watanabe obtained a strain of rabbits that had very high cholesterol levels. These rabbits spontaneously developed heart disease. To his surprise, Watanabe further found that the rabbits, like humans with familial hypercholesterolemia, lacked LDL receptors. Thus, scientists could study these Watanabe rabbits to gain a better understanding of familial hypercholesterolemia in humans. Priorto the breakthrough at Kobe University, it was known that LDL's are secreted from the liver in the form of a precursor, called very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL's) , which carry triglycerides as well as relatively small amounts of cholesterol. The triglycerides are removed from the VLDL's by fatty and other tissues. What remains is a remnant particle that must be removed from the blood. What scientists learned by studying the Watanabe rabbits is that the removal of the VLDL remnant requires the LDL receptor. Normally, the majority of the VLDL remnants go to the liver where they bind to LDL receptors and are degraded. In the Watanabe rabbit, due to a lack of LDL receptors on liver cells, the VLDL remnants remain in the blood and are eventually converted to LDL's. The LDL receptors thus have a dual effect in controlling LDL levels. They are necessary to prevent oversynthesis of LDL's from VLDL remnants and they are necessary for the normal removal of LDL's from the blood. With this knowledge, scientists are now well on the way toward developing drugs that dramatically lower cholesterol levels in people afflicted with certain forms of familial hypercholesterolemia.（分数：10.00）(1).In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with______.（分数：2.00）A.presenting a hypothesis and describing compelling evidence in support of itB.raising a question and describing an important discovery that led to an answerC.showing that a certain genetically caused disease can be treated effectively with drugsD.explaining what causes the genetic mutation that leads to heart disease(2).Which of the following questions does the passagesupply information to answer?（分数：2.00）A.Which body cells are the primary users of cholesterol?B.How did scientists discover that LDL's are secreted from the liver in the form of a precursor?C.Where in the body are VLDL remnants degraded?D.Which body tissues produce triglycerides?(3).According to the passage, by studying the Watanabe rabbits scientists learned that______.（分数：2.00）A.VLDL remnants are removed from the blood by LDL receptors in the liverB.LDL's are secreted from the liver in the form of precursors called VLDL'sC.VLDL remnant particles contain small amounts of cholesterolD.LDL receptors remove LDL's from the blood(4).The development of drug treatments for some forms of familial hypercholesterolemia is regarded by the author as______.（分数：2.00）A.highly probableB.interesting, but too costly to be practicalC.promising, but many years offD.extremely unlikely(5).In which of the following ways does the passage imply that Watanabe rabbits differ from normal rabbits?（分数：2.00）A.Watanabe rabbits have more LDL receptors than do normal rabbits.B.The blood of Watanabe rabbits contains more VLDL remnants than does the blood of normal rabbits.C.Watanabe rabbits have fewer fatty tissues than do normal rabbits.D.Watanabe rabbits secrete lower levels of VLDL's than do normal rabbits.David Maraniss choked up when he saw the two-minute Chrysler advertisement during the Super Bowl, the annual football extravaganza, with its images of smokestacks, ice skaters and Diego Rivera's "Detroit Industry" murals. Suddenly he realized how much he still cared for his birthplace, where he spent the first six and a half years of his life. So much so that he decided to write his 12th book about the city, when it was at the peak of its economic, political and cultural power. He picked the early 1960s, from the autumn of 1962 to the spring of 1964. At the time Detroit was the economic engine of America. In January 1963 Life magazine published a story under the headline "Glow from Detroit Spreads Everywhere". The factories of Ford, General Motors, Chrysler and American Motors were firing on all cylinders. The increase in women drivers, the trend towards two-car families, the rising income of the post-war baby boomers and the promise of foreign markets inspired tremendous optimism for the industry's growth. The annual motor show was the biggest and most important event of its kind, the Academy Awards on wheels; on occasion even thevice-president came. Detroit was also a center of progressive politics and the civil-rights movement. Mr Maraniss devotes an entire chapter to Walter Reuther, the memorable boss of the most powerful union, the United Auto Workers (UAW). His parents, German immigrants, raised him with visions of social justice and workers' rights. Reuther was an idealist but also a pragmatist, which made him enemies on the left as well as the right. George Romney, the Republican governor of Michigan in 1963, called him "the most dangerous man in Detroit" becauseof his ability to bring about "the revolution without seeming to disturb the existing norms of society". Reuther was concerned with civil rights almost as much as with workers' rights. He invited Martin Luther King to the UAW's 25th-anniversary dinner and afterwards distributed copies of King's speech to the rank-and-file. When hundreds of protesters were jailed after King's Birmingham campaign of civil disobedience, Reuther dispatched two UAW staffers with $ 160, 000 in money belts to bail them out of jail. "It could be said that to a significant degree Detroit and its autoworkers were the civil rights movement's bank," Mr Maraniss writes. In Detroit in June 1963 King led the "Walk to Freedom", then the largest civil-rights march, and delivered a version of his "I Have a Dream" speech which he would give nine weeks later at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC. For all Detroit's glow, the storm clouds were already gathering in the early 1960s. Mr Maraniss cites a study by Wayne State University in 1963 that predicted the population of Detroit would drop from nearly 1.7 m to 1.2m between 1960 and 1970 and continue to dwindle. "Productive persons who pay taxes are moving out of the city, leaving behind the non-productive," the report noted. It also mentioned that in 1960 Detroit's population was 28. 9% black and forecast that by 1970 the city would be 44. 3% black, pointing out that blacks who had the resources moved to the suburbs "with the same urgency as whites". The report turned out to be unusually prescient. In spite of the efforts of Reuther, Cavanagh, King and others, Detroit was rocked by one of the worst race riots in history in 1967. From then on the pace of the city's decline quickened. By the time Mr Maraniss was writing his meticulously researched book, which at times provides almost too much detail for the uninitiated, Detroit had declaredbankruptcy. Its population was 83% black, itsworkers were largely unskilled and the city's headcount had shrunk to 688, 000. The city that had given America so much was in desperate need of help.（分数：4.00）(1).How significant was Detroit economically and politically in the early 1960s?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(2).According to the study by Wayne State University in 1963, how is the change in population structure in Detroit related to the city's decline?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________At first glance the patriarchy appears to be thriving. More than 90% of presidents and prime ministers are male, as are nearly all big corporate bosses. Men dominate finance, technology, films, sports, music and even stand-up comedy. In much of the world they still enjoy social and legal privileges simply because they have a Y chromosome. So it might seem odd to worry about the plight of men. Yet there is plenty of cause for concern. Men cluster at the bottom as well as the top. They are far more likely than women to be jailed, estranged from their children, or to kill themselves. They earn fewer university degrees than women. Boys in the developed world are 50% more likely to flunk basic maths, reading and science entirely. One group in particular is suffering. Poorly educated men in rich countries have had difficulty coping with the enormous changes in the labor market and the home over the past half-century. As technology and trade have devalued brawn, less-educated men have struggled to find a role in the workplace. Women, on the other hand, are surging into expanding sectors such as health care and education, helped by their superior skills. As education has become more important, boys have also fallen behind girls inschool (except at the very top ) . Men who lose jobs in manufacturing often never work again. And men without work find it hard to attract a permanent mate. The result, for low-skilled men, is a poisonous combination of no job, no family and no prospects. Those on the political left tend to focus on economics. Shrinking job opportunities for men, they say, are entrenching poverty and destroying families. In America pay for men with only a high-school certificate fell by 21% in real terms between 1979 and 2013; for women with similar qualifications it rose by 3%. Around a fifth of working-age American men with only a high-school diploma have no job. Those on the right worry about the collapse of the family. The vast majority of women would prefer to have a partner who does his bit both financially and domestically. But they would rather do without one than team up with a layabout, which may be all that is on offer: American men without jobs spend only half as much time on housework and caring for others as do women in the same situation, and much more time watching television. Hence the unravelling of working-class families. The two-parent family, still the norm among the elite, is vanishing among the poor. In rich countries the proportion of births outside marriage has trebled since 1980, to 33%. In some areas where traditional manufacturing has collapsed, it has reached 70% or more. Children raised in broken homes learn less at school, are more likely to drop out and earn less later on than children from intact ones. They are also not very good at forming stable families of their own. These two sides often talk past each other. But their explanations are not contradictory: both economics and social change are to blame, and the two causes reinforce each other. Moreover, these problems are likely to get worse. T echnology willdisrupt more industries, creating benefits for society but rendering workers who fail to update their skills redundant. The OECD, a think-tank, predicts that the absolute number of single-parent households will continue to rise in nearly all rich countries. Boys who grow up without fathers are more likely to have trouble forming lasting relationships, creating a cycle of male dysfunction.（分数：6.00）(1).In what ways do poorly-educated men in rich countries suffer?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(2).What impacts do the shrinking job opportunities for men have on families?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(3).What are the usual drawbacks for children raised in broken homes?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________三、Writing(总题数：1，分数：2.00)21.China will gradually postpone its statutory retirement age, as its workforce retires the earliest in the world, said an official on Wednesday. The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security is set to publicize a reform plan on postponing the statutory retirement age, said minister Yin Weimin. Currently, people's retirement age is no more than 55, compared to the mid-60s of many other countries, Yin noted. The reform plan will postpone the retirement age "step by step until it reaches a reasonable level," according to Yin. What is your opinion about this? Write an essay of about 400 words to express your views on the topic.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________。

[考研类试卷]2016年暨南大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc[考研类试卷]2016年暨南大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷一、Vocabulary1 Whenever possible, Ina ______how well she speaks Japanese.（A）shows up（B）shows around（C）shows off（D）shows out2 As the director can't come to the reception, I'm representing the company______. （A）on his account （B）on his behalf（C）for his part（D）in his interest3 The price of the coal will vary according to how far it has to be transported and how expensive the freight ______are.（A）payments（B）charges（C）funds（D）prices4 The ball ______two or three times before rolling down the slope.（B）bounced（C）hopped（D）darted5 He has been transferred to the University of Maryland Medical Center and is waiting to ______surgery.（A）undergo（B）unfold（C）underestimate（D）undertake6 We hold these truths to be self-______: that all men are created equal.（A）essential（B）eternal（C）evident（D）exquisite7 The bear clawed the hunter within ______of his life.（A）close（B）reach（C）a space8 The third candidate is a______. She's new to politics and is just beginning her campaign.（A）white elephant（B）dark horse（C）sleeper（D）big hit9 We go to the Summer Palace on foot______.（A）on purpose（B）on occasions（C）on behalf（D）on trial10 It was cloudy this morning, but it ______fine.（A）turned on（B）turned over（C）turned up（D）turned out11 In his ______to further knowledge of the universe, man has now begun to explore space.（A）attempt（C）trial（D）chase12 The bus moved slowly in the thick fog. We arrived at our ______almost two hours later.（A）designation（B）destiny（C）destination（D）dignity13 The nuclear family ______a self-contained, self-satisfying unit composed of father, mother and children.（A）refers to（B）defines（C）describes（D）devotes to14 Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that elderly Americans are______ by social isolation and loneliness.（A）reproached（B）favored（C）plagued（D）reprehended15 The Pacific island attracts shoals of tourists with its rich ______of folk arts.（A）heritage（B）heredity（C）heroism（D）hermitage16 It is imperative that students ______their term papers on time.（B）handed in（C）hand in（D）would hand in17 An old woman was badly hurt in ______the police describe as an apparently motiveless attack.（A）that（B）which（C）what（D）whatever18 ______on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.（A）If walking（B）While walking（C）Walking（D）When one is walking19 After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well boys ______to go to school.（A）to be encouraged（B）been encouraged（C）being encouraged（D）be encouraged20 Joan didn't go to the party last night because she ______the baby for her sister until 9: 30.（A）must have looked after（B）would have to looked after（C）had to look after（D）should have looked after21 We are going to London next month. This will be the firsttime I ______there.（A）have traveled（B）travel（C）will travel（D）am traveling22 John is ______hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam.（A）no less（B）no more（C）not less（D）no so23 Americans eat ______as they actually need every day.（A）twice as much protein（B）twice protein as much twice（C）twice protein as much（D）protein as twice much24 Who ______was coming to see me in my office this afternoon?（A）you said（B）did you say（C）did you say that（D）you did say25 She would have been more agreeable if she had changeda little bit, ______? （A）hadn't she（B）hasn't she（C）wouldn't she（D）didn't she26 ______you ______further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice. （A）If; had（B）Have; had（C）Should; have（D）In case; had27 ______we wish him prosperous, we have objections to his ways of obtaining wealth. （A）Much as（B）As much（C）More as（D）As well as28 Among the first to come and live in North America______, who later prospered mainly in New England.（A）had been Dutch settlers（B）Dutch settlers were there（C）were Dutch settlers（D）Dutch settlers had been there29 ______there was an epidemic approaching, Mr. Smith ______the invitation to visit that area.（A）If he knew; would have declined（B）If he had known; would decline（C）Had he known; would decline（D）Had he known; would have declined30 In the dark they could not see anything clear, but could______.（A）hear somebody mourn（B）hear somebody mourning（C）hear somebody mourned（D）hear somebody had been mourning二、Reading Comprehension30 The head of the Library of Congress is to name Donald Hall, a writer whose deceptively simple language builds on images of the New England landscape, as the nation's 14th poet laureate today.Mr. Hall, a poet in the distinctive American tradition of Robert Frost, has also been a harsh critic of the religious right's influence on government arts policy. And as a member of the advisory council of the National Endowment for the Arts during the administration of George H. W. Bush, he referred to those he thought were interfering with arts grants as "bullies and art bashers.He will succeed Ted Kooser, the Nebraskan who has been the poet laureate since 2004. The announcement of Mr. Hall's appointment is to be made by James H. Billington, the Librarian of Congress. Mr. Billington said that he chose Mr. Hall because of "the sustained quality of his poetry, the reach and the variety of things he talks about." Like Mr. Kooser, Mr. Billington said," Mr. Hall evokes a sense of place.Mr. Hall, 77, lives in a white clapboard farmhouse in Wilmot, N. H., that has been in his family for generations. He said in a telephone interview that he didn't see the poetlaureateship as a bully pulpit. "But it's a pulpit anyway," he said. "If I see First Amendment violations, I will speak up."Mr. Hall is an extremely productive writer who has published about 18 books of poetry, 20 books of prose and 12 children's books. He has won many awards, including a national Book Critics Circle Award in 1989 for "The One Day", a collection.In recent years much of his poetry has been preoccupied with the death of his wife, the poet Jane Ken-yon, in 1995.Robert Pinsky, who was poet laureate from 1997 to 2000 said he welcomed Mr. Hall's appointment, especially in light of his previous outspokenness about politics and arts. "There is something nicely symbolic, and maybe surprising," Mr. Pinsky said, "that they have selected someone who has taken a stand forfreedom. "The position carries an award of $ 35, 000 and $ 5, 000 travel allowance. It usually lasts a year, though poets are sometimes reappointed.31 Donald Hall______.（A）uses simple English to express the images of the New England landscape（B）dislikes the idea of impacting government by the right side of the religion（C）is the 14th poet laureate appointed by the Congress（D）is a member of the advisory council of the National Endowment for the Arts32 James H. Billington______.（A）likes the poems with great depth and width（B）speaks highly of poems in simple English rather than complex ones（C）prefers the poems with sustained style and expression （D）likes the poems with the knowledge of various things33 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?（A）Mr. Hall has published many books and magazines on poems.（B）Mr. Hall is a critic of literature in the U. S.（C）Mr. Hall has got many prizes for his talents in writing.（D）Mr. Hall has got support from his predecessors.34 What can be inferred from the passage?（A）Mr. Hall loves his wife very much.（B）Mr. Hall takes the new appointment for granted.（C）Mr. Hall has got great ideas from his wife.（D）Mr. Hall may hold the position for another year.35 What is the best title for the passage?（A）A Guard for Politics and Arts（B）A New Poet Laureate（C）A Representative for Freedom（D）The Winning of a Poet35 Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said —the words. Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words. We don't always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words don't mean anything except "I'm letting off some steam. I don't really want you to pay close attention to what I'm saying. Just pay attention to what I'm feeling." Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner, "This step has to be fixed before I'll buy. "The owner says, "It's been like that for years." Actually, the step hasn't been like that for years, but the unspoken message is; "I don't want to fix it. We put up with it. Why can't you?" Thesearch for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed through examining a message in terms of who said it, when it occurred, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said.When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of thebehavior. A friend's unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example, a person who says " No!" to a serials of charges like "You're dumb," "You're lazy," and "You're dishonest," may also say "No!" and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is " And you're good looking. "We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words, "It sure has been nice to have you over," can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes.36 Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners,if______.（A）they use proper words to carry their ideas（B）they both speak truly of their own feelings（C）they try to understand each other's ideas beyond words（D）they are capable of associating meaning with their words37 "I'm letting off some steam" in paragraph 1 means______.（A）I'm just calling your attention（B）I'm just kidding（C）I'm just saying the opposite（D）I'm just giving off some sound38 The house-owner's example shows that he actually means______.（A）the step has been like that for years（B）he doesn't think it necessary to fix the step（C）the condition of the step is only a minor fault（D）the cost involved in the fixing should be shared39 Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical, but are justifiable if______. （A）linked to an abnormal amount of assertiveness（B）seen as one's habitual pattern of behavior（C）taken as part of an ordering sequence（D）expressed to a series of charges40 The word " ritualistically" in the last paragraph equals something done______. （A）without true intention（B）light-heartedly（C）in a way of ceremony（D）with less emphasis40 Cellular slime molds are extraordinary life forms that exhibit features of both fungi and protozoa, although often classed for convenience with fungi. At one time they were regarded as organisms of ambiguous taxonomic status, but more recent analysis of DNA sequences has shown that slime molds should be regarded as inhabiting their own separate kingdom.Their uniqueness lies in their unusual life cycle, which alternates between a feeding stage in which the organism is essentially unicellular and a reproductive stage in which the organism adopts a multicellular structure. At the first stage they are free-living, separate amoebae, usually inhabiting the forest floor and ingesting bacteria found in rotting wood, dung, or damp soil. But their food supplies are relatively easily exhaustedsince the cells' movements are restricted and their food requirements rather large.When the cells become starved of nutrition, the organism initiates a new genetic program that permits the cells to eventually find a new, food-rich environment. At this point, the single-celled amoebae combine together to form what will eventually become a multicellular creature. The mechanism by which the individual members become a single entity is essentially chemical in nature. At first, a few of the amoebae start to produce periodic chemical pulses that are detected, amplified, and relayed to the surrounding members, which then move toward the pulse origin. In time, these cells form many streams of cells, which then come together to form a single hemispherical mass. This mass sticks together through the secretion of adhesion molecules.The mass now develops a tip, which elongates into a finger-like structure of about 1 or 2 millimeters in length. This structure eventually falls over to form a miniature slug, moving as a single entity orienting itself toward light. During this period the cells within the mass differentiate into two distinct kinds of cell. Some become prestalk cells, which later form into a vertical stalk, and others form prespore cells, which become the spore head.As the organism migrates, it leaves behind a track of slime rather like a garden slug. Once a favorable location has been found with a fresh source of bacteria to feed on, the migration stops and the colony metamorphoses into a fungus-like organism in a process known as "culmination." The front cells turn into a stalk, and the back cells climb up the stalk and form a spherical-shaped head, known as the sorocarp. This final fruiting body is about 2 millimeters in height. The head develops intospores, which are dispersed into the environment and form the next generation of amoebae cells. Then the life cycle is repeated. Usually the stalk disappears once the spores have been released.The process by which the originally identical cells of the slime mold become transformed into multicellular structures composed of two different cell types — spore and stalk — is of great interest to developmental biologists since it is analogous to an important process found in higher organisms in which organs with highly specialized functions are formed from unspecialized stem cells. Early experiments showed which parts of the slime mold organism contributed to the eventual stalk and which parts to the head. Scientists stained the front part of a slug with a red dye and attached it to the back part of a different slug. The hybrid creature developed as normal. The experimenters then noted that the stalk of the fruiting body was stained red and that the spore head was unstained. Clearly, the anterior part of the organism culminated in the stalk and the posterior part in the spore head. Nowadays, experiments using DNA technology and fluorescent proteins or enzymes to label the prespore and prestalk cells have been undertaken. This more molecular approach gives more precise results than using staining dyes but has essentially backed up the results of the earlier dye studies.41 How the slime should be classified used to be______.（A）unknown（B）uncertain（C）controversial（D）unfamiliar42 According to the passage, what is unusual about the slime molds' life cycle?（A）They inhabit their own kingdom.（B）They are organisms whose classification is ambiguous.（C）They alternate between unicellular and multicellular structures.（D）They are free-living organisms.43 All of the followings are mentioned in the text as being parts of the multicellular slug EXCEPT______.（A）the head（B）the stalk（C）legs（D）spores44 Why does the author refer to the fungus-like organism asa fruiting body?（A）Because it has become one entity.（B）Because it is 2 millimeters in height.（C）Because it now has a stalk and head.（D）Because it has reached its reproductive stage.45 According to the passage, the recent DNA studies______.（A）give similar results to the dye studies（B）contradict the dye studies（C）are less exact than the dye studies（D）have introduced confusion about the dye study results45 Barry Schwartz did not expect to feel inspired on a clothes-shopping trip. "I avoid buying jeans; I wear one pair until it falls apart," says Schwartz, an American psychology professor. "The last time I had bought a pair there had been just one style. But recently I was asked if I wanted this fit or that fit, or this color or that. I intended to be out shopping for five minutes but it took an hour, and I began to feel more and more dissatisfied. "This trip made him think: did more choice always mean greater satisfaction? " I'd always believed that choice was good, andmore choice was better. My experience got me thinking: how many others felt like me?"The result was a widely discussed study that challenged the idea that more is always better. Drawing on the psychology of economics, which looks at how people choose what to buy, Schwartz designed a questionnaire to show the differences between what he termed "maximisers" and "satisficers." Broadly speaking, maximisers are keen to make the best possible choices, and often spend time researching to ensure that their purchases cannot be bettered. Satisficers are the easy-going people, delighted with items that are simply acceptable.Schwartz puts forward the view, which contrasts with what politicians and salesmen would have people believe, that the unstoppable growth in choice is in danger of ruining lives. "I'm not saying no choice is good. But the average person makes at least 200 decisions every day, and I don't think there's room for any more. "His study may help to explain the peculiar paradox of the wealthy West — psychologists and economists are puzzled by the fact that people have not become happier as they have become richer. Infact, the ability to demand whatever is wanted whenever it is wanted has instead led to rising expectations.The search for perfection can be found in every area of life from buying soap powder to selecting a career. Certain decisions may automatically close off other choices, and some people are then upset by the thought of what else might have been. Schwartz says, "If you make a decision and it's disappointing, don't worry about it, it may actually have been a good decision, just not as good as you had hoped."One fact that governments need to think about is thatpeople seem more inclined to buy something if there are fewer, not more, choices. If that's true for jeans, then it is probably true for cars, schools and pension funds. "If there are few options, the world doesn't expect you to make the perfect decision. But when there are thousands it's hard not to think there's a perfect one out there, and that you'll find it if you look hard enough.If you think that Internet shopping will help, think again: "You want to buy something and you look at three websites. How long will it take to look at one more? Two minutes? It's only a click. Before you know it you've spent three hours trying to decide which ￡10 item to buy. It's crazy. You've used another evening that you could have spent with your friends. "Schwartz, who describes himself as a natural satisficer, says that trying to stop our tendency to be maxi-misers will make us happier. "The most important recommendation I can give is to lower personal expectations," he says. "But no one wants to hear this because they all believe that perfection awaits the wise decision maker. Life isn't necessarily like that."46 Why may some advice be rejected?47 What confuses experts according to the passage?48 What can be the emotional effect of the result of makinga choice?49 How was Schwartz's research undertaken?50 How can personality be defined in the text?三、Writing51 Directions: In this part you are going to write an essay of about 400-500 words within 60 minutes on the topic as follows. Write your response on the answer sheet T opic Some people think that cultural traditions will be destroyed if they are used as money-making attractions aimed at tourists. Others, however,believe that is the only way to save these traditions. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on the issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.。

2016年国际关系学院翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingV ocabulary1．The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things______to teach you the art of learning.A．butB．norC．asD．like正确答案：C解析：本题考查固定结构。

not so much…as…为固定结构，意为“与其说……，不如说……”。

句意：学校教育的重要作用与其说是教授你知识，不如说是教授你学习之道。

2．All flights______, we decided to take a greyhound.A．were canceledB．had been canceledC．having canceledD．having been canceled正确答案：D解析：本题考查独立主格结构。

逗号后没有连词提示，本空应填非谓语动词，故首先排除[A]项和[B]项。

空所在部分的逻辑主语为All nights，而句子的主语是we，因此是考查独立主格结构。

nights与cancel之间为被动关系，故选[D]项，因而排除[C]项。

3．This company has now introduced a policy______pay rises are related to performance at work.A．whichB．whereC．whetherD．what正确答案：B解析：本题考查定语从句。

分析空前后句子结构可知，主要成分均完整，中间也没有连词，故本空所填词应引导定语从句，所以首先排除[C]项和[D]项。

which虽引导定语从句时，句中作主语、宾语或表语，故也排除。

题干中，company 为定语从句的先行词，定语从句关系副词用where，故答案为[B]项。

2016年扬州大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingV ocabulary1．Our dreams will sometimes be______and our ethereal hopes blasted.A．smashedB．shatteredC．crushedD．squashed正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词的词义辨析。

根据空后的and our ethereal hopes blasted(并且我们飘渺的希望破灭)可判断，本空所填动词应与blasted并列，且意思相近，故shatter(使(希望、信念，信心)破灭，粉碎)为答案。

smash意为“(有意识地)打碎，打烂”，指破裂为许多支离破碎的碎片，多用指易碎事物。

crush意为“压碎，碾碎，弄皱”，指用力把东西压破或变形。

squash意为“压碎，挤压，紧压”，指某物受力被压扁或压碎，也指塞挤。

2．The attack is being seen as a deliberate attempt to______the peace talks.A．razeB．sabotageC．demolishD．disintegrate正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词的词义辨析。

根据语义推断，“攻击”应该是被看作“破坏和平对话”，故只有sabotage(阴谋破坏，蓄意破坏)符合语义，为答案。

raze意为“把(建筑或城镇)夷为平地，彻底摧毁”。

demolish意为“驳倒，推翻(某人的观点或论点)；摧毁，拆毁，拆除(建筑物等)”。

disintegrate意为“崩溃，瓦解”。

3．—When were your legs injured?—It was on a Sunday last month______my father and I spent our holiday at the seaside.A．thatB．asC．whileD．when正确答案：D解析：本题考查定语从句。

2016年郑州大学翻译硕士真题211翻译硕士英语2016年郑州大学翻译硕士真题（211翻译硕士英语）Ⅰ. Multiple Choices (10 points,1 point each)Choose the best one from the four choices given in each sentence and write the correct answer on your Answer Sheet.1. The U-boat blockade England's food shortage during World War Ⅱ.A. aggregatedB. aggravatedC. aggrievedD. agonize2. For the advertised position, the company offers a(n) salary and benefits package.A. generousB. plentifulC. abundantD. sufficient3. Based on an analysis of a/an , scientists argue for life on Mars.A. fossilB. meteoriteC. oreD. specimen4. Because of the economic crisis, industrial output in the region remainedA. motionlessB. inactiveC. stagnantD. immobile5. Singapore is inhabited by a of different nationalities.A. motleyB. beehiveC. guiseD. medley6. As there was no road, the travelers up a rocky slope on their way back.A. ranB. hurriedC. scrambledD. crawled7.I bought my daughter headphones so I wouldn't have to listen to the that she calls music.A. ribaldryB. melodyC. noiseD. cacophony8. In the face of unexpected difficulties, he demonstrated a talent for quick, action.A. determiningB. defensiveC. demandingD. decisive9. He had an habit of emptying ash trays out of his upstairs window.A. offensiveB. objectionableC. uneducatedD. impolite10.I can never understand what Jack's talking about. His words me.A. babbleB. mistrustC. baffleD. stubⅠ. Reading Comprehension (30 point s,2 points each)Read the following three passages, and choose the correct answer from the four choices given and then write it on the Answer Sheet.(1)Which is safer-staying at home, traveling to work on public transport, or working in the office? Surprisingly, each of these carries the same risk, which is very low. However, what about flying compared to working in the chemical industry? Unfortunately, the former is 65 times riskier than the latter! In fact, the accident rate of workers in the chemical industry is less than that of almost any of human activity, and almost as safe as staying at home.The trouble with the chemical industry is that when things go wrong they often cause death to those living nearby. It is this which makes chemical accidents so newsworthy. Fortunately, they are extremely rare. The most famous ones happened at Texas City (1947), Flixborough (1974), Seveso (1976), Pemex (1984) and Bhopal (1984).Some of these are always in the minds of the people even though the loss of life was small. Noone died at Seveso, and only 28 workers at Flixborough. The worst accident of all was Bhopal, where up to 3,000 were killed. The Texas City explosion of fertilizer killed 552.The Pemex fire ata storage plant for natural gas in the suburbs of Mexico City took 542 lives，just a month before the unfortunate event at Bhopal.Some experts have discussed these accidents and used each accident to illustrate a particular danger. Thus the T exas City explosion was caused by tons of ammonium nitrate（硝酸铵），which is safe unless stored in great quantity. The Flixborough fireball was the fault of management，which took risks to keep production going during essential repairs. The Seveso accident shows what happens if the local authorities lack knowledge of the danger on their doorstep. When the poisonous gas drifted over the town，local leaders were incapable of taking effective action. The Pemex fire was made worse by an overloaded site in an overcrowded suburb. The fire set off a chain reaction os exploding storage tanks. Yet, by a miracle, the two largest tanks did not explode. Had these caught fire, then 3,000 strong rescue team and fire fighters would all have died.11.Which of the following statements is true？A. Working at the office is safer than staying at home.B. Traverlling to work on public transport is safer than working at the office.C. Staying at home is safer than working in the chemical industry.D. Working in the chemical industry is safer than traveling by air.12.Chemical accidents are usually important enough to be reported as news becauseA. they are very rareB. they often cause loss of lifeC. they always occur in big citiesD. they arouse the interest of all the readers13.According to passage，the chemical accident that caused by the fault of management happened atA. Texas cityB. FlixboroughC. SevesoD. Mexico City14.From the passage we know that ammonium nitrate is a kind ofA. natural gas, which can easily catch fireB. fertilizer, which can't be stored in a great quantityC. poisonous substance, which can't be used in overcrowded areasD. fuel, which is stored in large tanks15. From the discussion among some experts we may conclude thatA. to avoid any accidents we should not repair the facilities in chemical industryB. the local authorities should not be concerned with the production of the chemical industryC. all these accidents could have been avoided or controlled if effective measure had been takenD. natural gas stored in very large tanks is always safe(2)Open up most fashion magazines and you will see incredibly thin models with impossible hair and wearing unreasonably expensive, impracticably styled clothes. But shouldn't clothes be comfortably durable and make a principle of being simple for the individual who wears them? Whyare we constantly told that we need to buy new clothes and add fresh pieces to our collection?Fashions change year after year so lots of people can make piles of money. If folks are convinced that they need a different look each season, that this year's sweater's length and shoes style are important, they can be persuaded to buy. The fashion industry would have you ignore your shortcomings and just make you feel beautiful and happy. In fact it is not only a phenomenon we can find in people's dressing.Fashion controls our lives. Fashion controls what we wear, what we eat, what we drink, the way we cut our hair, the makeup We buy and use, the color of the cars we drive. Fashion even controls our ideas.You don't believe me? How many. Of your friends are vegetarians? Why are they vegetarians? Because it is fashionable!Where does fashion come from? Often the reasons are quite logical. Scientists and historians study the fashions of the past and discover the secrets of each fashion.When girls see an attractive guy, their blood pressure rises and their lips become redder. That's why guys think that girls wearing lipstick are beautiful.Why do guys shave their heads? In the past soldiers shaved their heads to kill the insects that lived in their hair. Now guys shave their heads so that they look strong and masculine, like soldiers.People spend a lot of time and money on fashion. But are they wasting their money？Changes in fashion help to develop new technologies. Changes in style create work for people all over the world. Many people work in the fashion industry, particularly in the fashion capitals of London, New York, Paris and Milan.And finally, fashion makes you feel good, doesn't it? Whenyou are dressed in the latest style，dancing to the most fashionable music, after watching the latest hit film, you feel great, don't you.16.What's the author's viewpoint about the models and their hairstyles and clothes？A. Unbiased.B. Indifferent.C. Critical.D. Appreciative.17.It is indicated by the author that clothes should beA. comfortable and durable.B. new and fresh.C. expensive and fashionable.D. simple and unique18.The fashion industry makes profits byA. selling the products at high prices.B. creating a need in you.C. helping you get rid of your shortcomings.D. making you look more beautiful.19.The author thinks what has been found about fashions by the scientists and the historians isA. incredible.B. amazing.C. reasonable.D. creative.20.The passage mentions the advantages of fashion EXCEPT thatA.it can help promote technological development.B.it enables people to remain up-to-date.C.it can create more job opportunities for people.D.it can make people achieve a great feeling.(3)This year, like lots of other people, I'm going to try to make my own Christmas presents. It's not the first time that I've promised myself this. Being a milliner, and an al-round crafty type, I've often thought I should put my money where my mouth is. But this year I'm really going to stick to it. It's partly that I'm short of cash, but also that I've recently returned from an inspiring trip around Britain, looking into "make do and mend" for BBC2's Newsnight.I dreamed up the trip a few months ago. The thought of traveling the country--making things as I went, meeting artists and craftspeople--sounded like the perfect way to spend the summer. I'd pack a tent and a sewing machine and off I'd go. But by the time I finalized my plans and hit the road, leaves were already crunching under foot. It seemed crazy to camp with winter on the way; instead, Newsnight viewers offered me board and lodging in return for help with a craft task. There was an overwhelming response.My tasks ranged from darning a moth-eaten monk's jumper to making trousers for a stilt walker. Textile students in Harpenden offered to pay for my petrol in return for a talk about hats. In Derby, Amy needed help to transform an old pair of curtains.I was really struck by people's growing enthusiasm for making things. I asked a WI group in Sheffield how many could sew, and only a few put up their hands. But when I asked who wanted to learn, nearly everyone responded positively. At the Textile Workshop in Nottingham, the number of classes on offer has doubled in a year, and a knitting club in Leeds is growing bythe week.Craft is definitely fashionable at the moment. But over and above fashion, we' re learning to appreciate effort and quality again. Perhaps once people rediscover the pleasure to be gained from making something unique, it may stick.Sue Pilchard is curator of quilts at the V& amp; A, where next spring she'll be putting on the museum's first major quilting exhibition. Sue believes the return to crafting is wrapped up in how we are redefining ourselves." There's certainly a movement., towards a new domesticity. People, especially women, are starting to think about the way they live their lives. It's 40 years since the first women's liberation conference was held in Oxford. Since that time we've been in the workplace, and we've had the opportunity of choice. Now we' re deliberately choosing to go back into the home."Whether you agree with that or not, there's something about Christmas that brings out the artistic streak in everyone. Whether it's baking mince pies or decking the halls, we' re all prepared to have a go. So if you fancy pushing the boat out and making a few presents, try these really simple ideas, each inspired by my recent journey. They make ideal stocking fillers or small gifts, and take no longer than 30 minutes each. Play some carols, settle down with a steaming cup of cocoa, and forget the cold. You'll save yourself a bit of money and spread a little bit of love too!21. The author promised to make herself a Christmas present this year mainly becauseA. she wanted to save money.B. she couldn't afford to buy one.C. she was inspired by her trip for a BBC2 program.D.A lot of people make presents themselves.22. Which of the following is CORRECT about the author's trip to Britain?A. She met many artists and craftsmen on her way to Britain.B. She spent a whole summer in Britain making crafts.C. She was asked to sew clothes, pants and curtains and made a fortune.D. Many people were found to be interested in making things themselves.23. When was the author probably on her trip to Britain?A. Spring.B. Late Summer.C. Late Autumn.D. Winter.24. According to the passage, through crafting people learn toA. appreciate the efforts in manual things.B. keep up with fashion.C. stick to something interesting.D. understand craft better.25. What is the author's view on homemade Christmas presents?A. Making Christmas presents can just convey a bit of your love.B. It would take long time to prepare a Christmas present.C. You can drink a cup of hot cocoa when you make preparations.D. People can find their artistic talent in making Christmas presents.Ⅰ. Cloze (10points,1point each)Choose the best one from the four choices given in eachsentence and write the correct answer on your Answer Sheet.Generally, a computer is any device that can perform numerical calculations. 26 , however, the term usually refers 27 an electronic device that can 28 a series of tasks according to a 29 set of instructions.In 1953 there were only about 100 computers in use in the 30 world. Today hundreds of millions of computers 31 in homes, schools, businesses, government offices, and universities for almost every 32 purpose.Modern desktop personal computers, or PCs, are 33 than the huge, million-dollar business computers of the 1960s and 1970s. Most PCs can perform from 400 million to several billion 34 per second. These computers are used not only for household 35 and personal entertainment, but also for most of the automated tasks 36 by small businesses. The fastest desktop computers are called workstations, and they are 37 used for scientific, engineering, or advanced business 38The speed and power of supercomputers, the fastest class of computer, are almost 39 human comprehension, and their 40 are continually being 41 . The fastest of these machines can perform more than 7 trillion-and theoretically can run more than 12 trillion-operations per second and can store 6 trillion characters in its memory, 42 it to do the work of thousands of PCs. Supercomputers 43 these speeds 44 the use of several advanced engineering techniques. Because they can cost billions of dollars-and because they can be large enough to cover the size of two basketball courts-supercomputers are used 45 by government agencies andlarge research centers.26.[A] Currently [B] Consequently [C] Conceivably [D] Clearly27.[A] in [B] at [C] as [D] to28.[A] perform [B] conduct [C] achieve [D] fulfill29.[A] rigid [B] serious [C] precise [D] harsh30.[A] entire [B] complete [C] total [D] general31.[A] are to be used [B] are being used [C] have been using[D] used32.[A] perceptive [B] conceivable [C] inevitable[D] imaginary33.[A] many times more powerful [B] many more times powerful[C] powerful many more times [D] powerful more many times34.[A] exercises[B] missions [C] errands [D] operations35.[A]management [B]execution [C]application[D]manipulation36.[A]claimed [B]necessitated [C]required [D]requested37.[A]inclusively [B]generally [C]totally [D]entirely38.[A]employments [B]exercises [C]usages [D]applications39.[A]beyond [B]without [C]over [D]out40.[A]capabilities [B]qualifications [C]skills [D]vacancies41.[A]propelled [B]boosted [C]improved [D]enriched42.[A]that allows [B]allows [C]to allow [D]allowing43.[A]obtain [B]attain [C]win [D]secure44.[A]at [B]on [C]with [D]through45.[A]primarily [B]conditionally [C]initially [D]fundamentallyⅠ.Text translation（30points）1.Translate the following text into English（15points）当今世界，和平合作、开放融通、变革创新的潮流滚滚向前。