考博英语阅读理解模拟练习及解析(5)

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The consolidation of the crumbling walls and towers has been carried out in （） with a program agreed with by the Department of the Environment.问题1选项A.caseB.accordanceC.placeD.charge【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。

in accordance with为固定搭配，表示“依照，与...一致”。

2.单选题You must let me have the annual report without （）by ten o’clock tomorrow morning.问题1选项A.failureB.hesitationC.troubleD.fail 【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。

without fail为固定搭配, 表示“必定, 务必”。

句意为:你必须在明天早上十点之前把年度报告交给我。

所以选项D正确。

3.单选题I took someone else’s book（）mistake.问题1选项A.inB.forC.withD.by【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。

by mistake为固定短语, 意为“错误地, 由于差错”。

句意:由于差错, 我拿了别人的书。

所以选项D正确。

4.单选题The senator agrees that his support of the action would （） his chances for reelection. 问题1选项A.obscureB.mystifyC.jeopardizeD.distinguish【答案】C【解析】近义词词义辨析。

obscure“使模糊不清, 掩盖”;mystify“使迷惑, 使困惑”;jeopardize“危及, 危害, 使陷危地”;distinguish“区分, 辨别, 使杰出”。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-新疆大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题（）the exception of institutions controlled by church, municipal or private corporations. Latin American universities are regulated by federal laws.问题1选项A.ByB.ForC.WithD.To【答案】C【解析】考查介词词义辨析。

A选项By“由；被；通过”；B选项For“给；对；为了”；C选项With“和；随着”；D选项To“朝；位于……”。

句意：……由教会、市政或私人公司控制的机构的例外，拉丁美洲的大学由联邦法律管理。

根据句意可知，这里填入C选项符合句意，表示除了……。

因此答案为C选项。

2.单选题The girls wanted to help（）make their costumes for the play.问题1选项A.allB.each the otherC.each otherD.one the other【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。

A选项all“全部”；B选项each the other“每一个其他的”；C选项each other“ 彼此，互相”；D选项one the other“一个另一个”。

句意：女孩们想帮助……制作她们的戏服。

根据句意可推测，女孩们是想互相帮助，可知选项C正确。

3.单选题Driving a racing car on a speedway（）a horse on a bridle path.问题1选项A.is in some ways like when you are ridingB.is in some ways is in the same class as ridingC.is in some ways similar to when you are ridingD.is in some ways similar to riding【答案】D【解析】语法题。

大连理工大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析Much of the language used to describe monetary policy,such assteering the economy to a soft landing or a touch on the brakes,makesitself sound like a precise science.Nothing could be further fromthe truth.The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain.And there are long,variable lags before policy changes have anyeffect on the economy.Hence there is an analogy that likens theconduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened Geng duoyuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xiquan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi windscreen,a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel.Given all these disadvantages,central bankers seem to have hadmuch to boast about of late.Average inflation in the big sevenindustrial economies fell to a mere2.3%last year,close to its lowestlevel in30years,before rising slightly to2.5%this July.This isa long way below the double-digit rates which many countriesexperienced in the1970s and early1980s.It is also less than most forecasters had predicted.In late1994the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said thatAmerica’s inflation rate would average3.5%in1995.In fact,it fellto2.6%in August,and is expected to average only about3%for theyear as a whole.In Britain and Japan inflation is running half apercentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year.This is no flash in the pan;over the past couple of years,inflationhas been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.Economists have been particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in Britain and the United States,since conventional measures suggest that both economies,and especially America’s,have little productive slack.America’s capacity utilisation,for example,hit historically high levels earlier this year,and its jobless rate(5.6%in August)has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment-the rate below which inflation has taken off on the past.Why has inflation proved so mild?The most thrilling explanation is,unfortunately,a little defective.Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.67.From the passage we learn that________.（A）there is a definite relationship between inflation and interest rates（B）economy will always follow certain models（C）the economic situation is better than expected（D）economists had foreseen the present economic situation68.According to the passage,which of the following is TRUE?（A）Making monetary policies is comparable to driving a car.（B）An extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation.（C）A high unemployment rate will result from inflation.（D）Interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy.69.The sentence This is no flash in the pan(line5,paragraph 3)means that________.（A）the low inflation rate will last for some time（B）the inflation rate will soon rise（C）the inflation will disappear quickly（D）there is no inflation at present70.The passage shows that the author is________the present situation.（A）critical of（B）puzzled by（C）disappointed at（D）amazed at答案及试题解析67.（C）意为：经济形势比预想的好。

陕西师范大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points) Resources can be said to be scarce in both an absolute and a relative sense:the surface of the earth is finite,1absolute scarcity;but the scarcity that concerns economists is the relative scarcity of resources in different2.Material used for one purpose cannot at the same time be used for other purposes;3the quantity of an input is limited,the increased use of it in one manufacturing 4must cause it to become less available for other uses.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.The cost of a product5money may not measure its true cost6 society.The true cost of,say,the construction of a supersonic jet is the7of the schools and refrigerators that will never be built as a8.Every act of production uses up some of society s available resources;it means the9of an opportunity to produce something else. In10how to use resources most effectively to satisfy the11of the community,this opportunity must be taken into account.In a market12the price of a good and the quantity13depends on the cost of making it,and the cost,14,is the cost of not makingother goods.The market mechanism15this relationship.The cost of, say,a pair of shoes is the price of the leather,the fuel,and other 16used up in producing them.But the price of these17,in turn, depends on what they can produce18—if the leather can used to produce handbags that are19highly by consumers,the price of the leather will be bid up20.1.\[A\]composing\[B\]imposing\[C\]exposing\[D\]disposing2.\[A\]uses\[B\]ways\[C\]areas\[D\]forms3.\[A\]since\[B\]unless\[C\]as\[D\]if4.\[A\]plant\[B\]firm\[C\]process\[D\]procedure5.\[A\]in regard to\[B\]in terms of\[C\]in view of\[D\]in relation to6.\[A\]to\[B\]in\[C\]on\[D\]of7.\[A\]charge\[B\]expense\[C\]price\[D\]value8.\[A\]product\[B\]purpose\[C\]result\[D\]rule9.\[A\]diminishing\[B\]abandoning\[C\]discarding\[D\] substituting10.\[A\]deciding\[B\]assessing\[C\]predicting\[D\] projecting11.\[A\]wants\[B\]desires\[C\]premises\[D\]facilities12.\[A\]state\[B\]system\[C\]condition\[D\]economy13.\[A\]presented\[B\]delivered\[C\]supplied\[D\]forwarded14.\[A\]accordingly\[B\]ultimately\[C\]consequently\[D\] practically15.\[A\]formulates\[B\]regulates\[C\]enhances\[D\]enforces16.\[A\]components\[B\]substances\[C\]elements\[D\] materials17.\[A\]outputs\[B\]inputs\[C\]goods\[D\]articles18.\[A\]anyway\[B\]somehow\[C\]somewhere\[D\]elsewhere19.\[A\]appraised\[B\]appealed\[C\]approved\[D\]approached20.\[A\]passionately\[B\]unanimously\[C\]spontaneously\[D\] correspondinglySectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text1Can computer reason?Reasoning requires the individual to take a given set of facts and draw correct conclusions.Unfortunately, errors frequently occur,and we are not talking about simple carelessness as occurs when two numbers are incorrectly added,nor do we mean errors resulting from simple forgetfulness.Rather,we have in mind errors of a logical nature—those resulting from faulty reasoning.Now,or at least soon,computers will be capable of error free logical reasoning in a variety of areas.The key to avoiding errors is to use a computer program that relies on the recentresearch in the field of automated theorem proving.AURA(Automated Reasoning Assistant)is the program that best exemplifies this use of the computer.AURA solves a program by drawing conclusions from a given set of facts about the problem.The program reaches logical conclusions flawlessly as it uses various types of reasoning and solves almost all problems by using sophisticated techniques to find a contradiction.One generally starts with a set of assumptions and adds a statement that the goal is unreachable.For example,if the problem is to test a safety system that automatically shuts down a nuclear reactor when instruments indicate a problem,AURA is told that the system will not shut the reactor down under those circumstances.If AURA finds a contradiction between the statement and the system s design assumptions,then this aspect of the reactor s design has been proved satisfactory.This strategy lets AURA concentrate on the problem at hand and avoid the many fruitless steps required to explore the entire theory underlying the problem.The chief use for AURA at this time is for electronic circuit design validation,but a number of other uses will arise.For example, there already exist“expert systems”that are special purpose programs designed to automate reasoning in a specific area such as medical diagnosis.These expert systems continue to improve and have an indefinite life span.Moreover,they can be duplicated for pennies.A human who can expertly predict where to drill for oil is in great demand.A program that can predict equally well would be invaluable and could be duplicated any number of times.Will the computer replace the human being?It seems likely that computer programs will reproduce more clever programs and more efficient components.Reasoning programs will also analyze their own progress,learn from their attempts to solve a problem.Such programs will assist,rather than replace,humans.Reasoning assistants will enable human minds to turn to deeper and far more complex ideas,which will be partially formulated and then checked for reasoning flaws by a reasoning program.Many errors will be avoided.21.The author suggests in Par.1that humans are\[A\]liable to irrational thinking.\[B\]apt to err in simple counting.\[C\]prone to memory dysfunction.\[D\]subject to unwitting reasoning.22.The way AURA works in is to\[A\]explore the faults in designing.\[B\]discover the bugs in a program.\[C\]state against the set suppositions.\[D\]make assumptions by reasoning.23.All of the following are mentioned as areas for AURA EXCEPT\[A\]electronic engineering.\[B\]detection of fossil fuels.\[C\]identification of diseases.\[D\]complicated mental logic.24.All of the following are advantages of expert programs EXCEPT\[A\]they can be duplicated infinitely.\[B\]they are featured by self analysis.\[C\]they may be enriched in contents.\[D\]they are reproduced almost free.25.The best title for the text seems to be\[A\]Practical Uses of Computers.\[B\]Suggested Applications for AURA.\[C\]The Technical Perfection of AURA.\[D\]Computer Aid to Human Reasoning.Text2Half the world s population will be speaking or learning English by2015,researchers say.Two billion people are expected to start learning English within a decade and three billion will speak it,says a British Council estimate.Other languages,such as French,risk becoming the casualties of this“linguistic globalization”.But the boom will be over by2050 and the English language teaching industry will have become a victim of its own success,says David Graddol,author of the report,The Future of English.Mr.Graddol s research was based on a computer model developed to estimate demand for English language teaching around the world.The lecturer,who has worked in education and language studies at the Open University for the past25years,said the model chartedlikely student numbers through to2050.It was compiled by looking at various estimates from the United Nations Education,Scientific and Cultural Organization(Unesco)on education provision,demographic projections,government education policies and international student mobility figures.The impact of educational innovations and other developments affecting the world population including the Chinese government s policy of one baby per family were also factored in.Based on its findings,Mr.Graddol has predicted that the world is about to be hit by a tidal wave of English.“Manygovernments,especially in countries which have relatively recently gained independence,are introducing the teaching of English under a utilitarian banner.”“But English predominates in the business world,and for such countries to be able to compete for work,including lucrative (profitable)outsourcing contracts,English is being pushed heavily from kindergarten on.”The potential bonanza(source of wealth)on offer from outsourcing means even maths and science are being taught in English at secondary schools in Malaysia.But demand for English teaching would drop as children progress through academia,and more universities across the world choose to teach in the language.Mr.Graddol also estimated that the boom would be over by 2050.“English language students will be down from two billion to500million then,”he said,“Increasingly,as English spread across the globe,more people will become bilingual,even multi lingual and such skills are highly prized in business.But Britain has not got the best reputation for learning other languages.”The report also showed that English was not the only language spreading,and the world,far from being dominated by English,was to become more multi lingual.Mr.Graddol said,“Chinese,Arabic and Spanish are all popular,and likely to be languages of the future.”26. It is estimated that in a decade English will be[A]actively studied by over200million people.[B]freely spoken by global English learners.[C]popular with over80%of world inhabitants.[D]really mastered by50%of people worldwide.27.According to the text,“linguistic globalization”will[A]eliminate French from the globe.[B]defeat other European languages.[C]fail all languages except English.[D]make English the biggest winner.28.David Graddol predicts that the thriving period of English will[A]terminate within half a century.[B]climax in the middle of the century.[C]endure for no less than five decades.[D]quit till the beginning of the2050s.29.The report“The Future of English”factored in all of the following EXCEPT[A]the educational condition and policy.[B]the directions and designs of Unesco.[C]the statistics about population.[D]the movements of overseas students.30.The writer of the report deems that outsourcing is to[A]result in the increase of English subjects.[B]lead to the drop of interest in English study.[C]account for the further spread of English.[D]bring about transition in college curricula.Text3In both developed and developing nations,governments finance, produce,and distribute various goods and services.In recent years, the range of goods provided by the government has extended broadly, including many goods that do not meet the economic purist s definition of“public goods”.As the size of the public sector has increased steadily,there has been a growing concern about the effectiveness of the public sector s performance as producer.Critics argue that the public provision of certain goods is inefficient and have proposed that the private sector should replace many current public sector activities,that is,these services should be privatized.Since1980s,greater privatization efforts have been pursued in the United States.Concurrent with this trend has been a strong endorsement(support) by international bilateral donor(aid)agencies for heavier reliance on the private sector in developing countries.The underlying claim is that the private sector can improve the quality of outputs and deliver goods more quickly and less expensively than the public sector in these countries.This claim,however,has mixed theoretical support and little empirical verification in the Third World.The political, institutional,and economic environments of developing nations are markedly different from those of developed countries.It is not clear that the theories and empirical evidence that claim to justify privatization in developed countries are applicable to developing nations.Often policy makers in developing nations do not have sufficient information to design effective policy shifts to increase efficiency of providing goods through private initiatives. Additionally,there is a lack of basic understanding about what policy variables need to be altered to attain desired outcomes of privatization in developing countries.One study of privatization in Honduras examined the policy shift from“direct administration”to“contracting out”for three construction activities:urban upgrading for housing projects,rural primary schools,and rural roads.It tested key hypotheses applying to the effectiveness of privatization,focusing on three aspects: cost,time,and quality.The main finding was that contracting out in Honduras did not lead to the common expectations of its proponents because institutional barriers and limited competitiveness in the marketplace have prevented private contractors from improving quality and reducing the time and cost required for construction.Privatization in developing countries cannot produce goods and services efficiently without substantial reform in the market and regulatory procedures.Policy makers interested in privatization as a policy measure should consider carefully the multiple objectives at the national level.31.It can be inferred from the text that economic purists\[A\]oppose shifting goods from public to private.\[B\]support the substantial reform of privatization.\[C\]approve privatization only in developed nations.\[D\]have a strict description of public merchandise.32.Since1980s,there has been\[A\]broad international support for privatization.\[B\]much evidence for privatization in poor nations.\[C\]endorsement for privatization of donor agencies.\[D\]maximum dependence on private capital in the U.S..33.The authorities of developing nations seem incapable of\[A\]attaining political stability.\[B\]making major policy shifts.\[C\]upgrading basic urban economy.\[D\]enhancing production efficiency.34.The author s appraisal of Honduras study implies that in developing countries\[A\]direct administration of services requires more capital.\[B\]their marketplace system leaves much to be desired.\[C\]privatization is politically unfit for their economies.\[D\]new facilities rather than contracting out are needed.35.The author s primary intention is to\[A\]outline major hindrance to privatization in developing nations.\[B\]offer a solution for the future course of economic policy shifts.\[C\]justify heavier reliance on the private sector in the Third World.\[D\]explain requirements for privatization of the Third World economies.Text4Many critics of the current welfare system argue that existing welfare regulations foster family instability.They maintain that those regulations which exclude most poor husband and wife families from Aid to Families with Dependent Children(AFDC) assistance grants,contribute to the problem of family dissolution. Thus,they conclude that expanding the set of families eligible for family assistance plans or guaranteed income measures would resultin a marked strengthening of the low income family structure.If all poor families could receive welfare,would the incidence of instability change markedly?The answer to this question depends on the relative importance of three categories of potential welfare recipients.The first is the“cheater”—the husband who is reported to have abandoned his family but in fact disappears only when the social caseworker is in the neighborhood.The second consists of a loving husband and devoted father leaves so that his wife and children may enjoy the relative benefit provided by public assistance.There is very little evidence that these categories are significant.The third category is the unhappily married couple,who remain together out of a sense of economic responsibility for their children, because of the high costs of separation,or because of the consumption benefit of marriage.This group is large.The formation,maintenance, and dissolution of the family is in large part a function of the relative balance between the benefits and costs of marriage as seen by the individual members of the marriage.The major benefit generated by the creation of a family is the expansion of the set of consumption possibilities.The benefits from such a partnership depend largely on the relative dissimilarity of the resources or basic endowments each partner brings to the marriage.Persons with similar productive capacities have less economic“cement”holding their marriage together.Since the family performs certain functions society regards as vital,a complex network of social and legal buttresses has evolvedto reinforce marriage.Much of the variation in marital stability across income classes can be explained by the variation in costs of dissolution imposed by society.Marital stability is related to the costs of achieving an acceptable agreement on family consumption and production and to the prevailing social price of instability in the marriage partners social economic group.Expected AFDC income exerts pressures on family instability by reducing the cost of dissolution.So welfare opportunities are a significant determinant of family instability in poor neighborhoods,but this is not the result of AFDC regulations that exclude most intact families from coverage.Rather,welfare related instability occurs because public assistance lowers both the benefits of marriage and the costs of its disruption by providing a system of government subsidized alimony(maintenance) payments.36.The text is written with the aim of\[A\]analyzing the causes of a phenomenon.\[B\]discussing the father s role in the family.\[C\]advocating reforms in the welfare system.\[D\]criticizing some attitudes to welfare recipients.37.Many critics assert it as true that the welfare system is\[A\]liable for most divorces.\[B\]on the verge of collapse.\[C\]to become obsolete.\[D\]unjust to the needy.38.According to the author,the marital stability relies mainly on\[A\]the steady income of the couple.\[B\]the balance of both sides property.\[C\]the difference in spousal contributions.\[D\]the benefits from government subsidies.39.All of the following are factors tending to perpetuate a marriage EXCEPT\[A\]the expenditure of child support.\[B\]the loss of property upon divorce.\[C\]the greater consumption of married people.\[D\]the welfare provision for divorced women.40.Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the text?\[A\]Welfare restrictions mostly account for family unsteadiness.\[B\]Poor family dissolution is little attributed to helpless fathers.\[C\]Official welfare payments can slow the growing divorce rate.\[D\]Low income family disruption results in poor welfare benefits.Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about views on environmental and resource problems.Choose the most suitableheading from the list A—F for each numbered paragraph(41～45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered.There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)A]A bad thing may bring about a good result.[B]Pollution and poverty are leading us to destruction.[C]The worries of humanists are unfounded.[D]God helps those who help themselves.[E]Is our planet getting less habitable than it used to be?[F]The view on resource crisis deviates from facts.A great many articles and books discussing environmental and resource problems begin with the proposition that there is an environmental and resource crisis.If this means that the situation of humanity is worse now than in the past,then the idea of a crisis—and all that follows from it—is dead wrong.In almost every respect important to humanity,the trends have been improving,not deteriorating.41.Our world now supports6billion people.In the nineteenth century,the earth could sustain only1billion.And10,000years ago,only1million people could keep themselves alive.People are now living more healthily than ever before.42.One would expect lovers of humanity—people who hate war and worry about famine in Africa—to jump with joy at this extraordinary triumph of the human mind and human organization over the raw forces of nature.Instead,they lament(feel sorrow for)that there are so manyhuman beings,and wring their hands about the problems that more people inevitably bring,and the problem that resources will be further diminished.43.It is amazing but true that a resource shortage resulting from population or income growth usually leaves us better off than if the shortage had never arisen.If firewood had not become scarce in seventeenth century England,coal would not have been developed.If coal and whale oil shortages hadn t loomed,oil wells would not have been dug.44.The prices of food,metals,and other raw materials have been declining by every measure since the beginning of the nineteenth century,and as far back as we know;that is,raw materials have been getting less scarce throughout history,defying the common sense notion that if one begins with an inventory of a resource and uses some up,there will be less left.This is despite,and indirectly because of,increasing population.We don t say that all is well everywhere,and we don t predict that all will be rosy in the future.Children are hungry and sick;people live out lives of physical or intellectual poverty and lack of opportunity;war or some other pollution may do us in.45.Also,we do not say that a better future happens automatically or without effort.It will happen because men and women—sometimes as individuals,sometimes as enterprises working for profit,sometimes as voluntary nonprofit groups,and sometimes as governmentalagencies—will address problems with muscle and mind,and will probably overcome,as has been usual through history.We are confident that the nature of the physical world permits continued improvement in humankind s economic lot in the long run,indefinitely.Of course,there are always newly arising local problems,shortages,and pollution,resulting from climate or increased population and income and new technologies.Sometimes temporary large scale problems arise.But the world s physical conditions and the resilience(power of recovering quickly)of a well functioning economic and social system enable us to overcome such problems,and the solutions usually leave us better off than if the problem had never arisen.That is the great lesson to be learned from human history.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10points)Disposing of computers,monitors,printers and mobile phones is a large and growing environmental problem.Some20m-50m tons of“e waste”is produced each year,most of which ends up in the developing world.In July2006new rules came into force in both Europe and California to oblige the industry to take responsibility for it.46)In Europe the Restriction of Hazardous Substances(RoHS)directivelimits the use of many toxic materials in new electronic products sold in the European Union,whereas in California mobile phone retailers must now take back and recycle old phones.Many technology firms are already eliminating certain chemicals and offering recycling schemes to help their customers dispose of obsolete equipment.47)Yet there is a wide variation in just how green different companies are,according to Greenpeace,an environmental lobby group that launched a new e waste campaign in August2006.It has ranked the top mobile phone and PC makers based on their progress in eliminaling chemicals and in taking back and recycling products.The RoHS rules ban products containing any more than trace amounts of lead,mercury,cadmium and other hazardous substances,including some nasty materials called brominated flame retardants(BFRs).48) To do well in Greenpeace s rankings,firms must make sure both products and production processes are free of polyvinyl chloride(PVC) and some BFRs that are not on the RoHS list.Greenpeace also wants companies to adopt a“precautionary principle”and avoid chemicals if their environmental impact is uncertain.Although not everyone agrees with Greenpeace s methodology,its ranking still has some merit.Nokia does well:the world s biggest handset maker has already got rid of PVC from its products and will eliminate all BFRs from next year.But,Greenpeace grumbles,it is not sufficiently“precautionary”in other areas.49)Dell,however,scores well in this regard and on recycling,but loses marks for not having phased out PVC and BFRs yet,though it has set a deadline for doing so.Perhaps the biggest surprise is the poor rating of Apple.The company insists that it has a strong record in recycling and has eliminated BFRs and PVC from the main plastic parts in its products.50)It scores badly because it has not eliminated such chemicals altogether,has not set time limits for doing so,does not provide a full list of regulated substances and is insufficiently precautionary for Greenpeace s tastes.As for recycling,the9,500 tons of electronics Apple says it has recycled since1994is slight given the amount of equipment the firm sells,says Greenpeace.Alas for Apple,whatever the pros and cons(advantages and disadvantages) of Greenpeace s ranking criteria,consumers are likely to be influenced by it anyway.SectionⅢWriting51.Directions:Write an essay of160~200words based on the following picture. In your essay,you should1)describe the picture briefly,2)explain its intended meaning,and then3)make your comments and suggestions.Model Test1SectionⅠUse of English1.[答案]\[B\]imposing[解析]由所给出的选项可知，此处需一现在分词作伴随状语，相当于次要谓语，说明“地球表面有限”与“绝对资源短缺”的关系。

中央民族大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析1.The machine needs a complete____since it has been in use for over ten years.(A)amending(B)fitting(C)mending(D)renovating2.There were many people present and he appeared only for a few seconds,so I only caught a____of him.(A)glance(B)glimpse(C)look(D)sight3.I don't think it's wise of you to_____your greater knowledge in front of the director,for it may offend him.(A)show up(B)show out(C)show in(D)show off4.The returns in the short______may be small,but over a number of years the investment will be well repaid.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.(A)interval(B)range(C)span(D)term5.A thorough study of biology requires_____with the properties of trees and plants,and the habit of birds and beasts.(A)acquisition(B)discrimination(C)curiosity(D) familiarity6.She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would____her long effort.(A)justify(B)testify(C)rectify(D)verify7.I'm very glad to know that my boss has generously agreed to _____my debt in return for certain services.(A)take away(B)cut out(C)write off(D)clear up8.Some journalists often overstate the situation so that their news may create a great____.(A)explosion(B)sensation(C)exaggeration(D) stimulation9.According to what you have just said,am I to understand that his new post____no responsibility with it at all?(A)shoulders(B)possesses(C)carries(D)shares10.Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his____toa certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied.(A)comment(B)reaction(C)impression(D)comprehension11.Please____yourself from smoking and spitting in public places,since the law forbids them.(A)restrain(B)hinder(C)restrict(D)prohibit12.Without telephone it would be impossible to carry on the functions of______every business operation in the whole country.(A)practically(B)preferably(C)precisely(D) presumably13.Preliminary estimation puts the figure at around billion, ____the billion the President is struggling to get through the Congress.(A)in proportion to(B)in reply to(C)in relation to(D) in contrast to14.He is planning another tour abroad,yet his passport will ______at the end of this month.(A)expire(B)exceed(C)terminate(D)cease15.All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read________letters from their families.(A)sentimental(B)affectionate(C)intimate(D) sensitive16.several international events in the early1990s seem likely to______,or at least weaken,the trends that emerged in the1980s.(A)revolt(B)revolve(C)reverse(D)revive17.I was unaware of the critical points involved,so my choice was quite______.(A)arbitrary(B)rational(C)mechanical(D) unpredictable18.The local people were joyfully surprised to find the price of vegetables no longer______according to the weather.(A)altered(B)converted(C)fluctuated(D)modified19.The pursuit of leisure on the part of the employees will certainly not_____their prospect of promotion.(A)spur(B)further(C)induce(D)reinforce20.In what_______to a last minute stay of execution,a council announced that emergency funding would keep alive two aging satellites.(A)applies(B)accounts(C)attaches(D)amount1.本题的答案是(C)(A)amending："修改，修正"，通常指对法律条文、国际条约、合同等进行适当的修改。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国海洋大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题What you say now is not （）with what you said last week.问题1选项A.persistentB.insistentC.permanentD.consistent【答案】D【解析】句意:你现在说的话与你上星期说过的话不一致。

考查形容词辨析。

Persistent坚持的,固执的; insistent坚持的,迫切的; permanent永久的,持久的; consistent始终如一的,持续的。

因此D符合句意。

2.单选题It was urgent that he （）her immediately.问题1选项A.callsB.calledC.callD.would call 【答案】C【解析】句意:情况紧急，他应该立刻呼叫她。

固定句式。

it is/was+adj+从句, 其中主语从句一般用should+ 动词原形，should可以省略。

3.单选题There is no point （）the game, unless you practice every day.问题1选项A.to learn to playB.by learning to playC.in learning to playD.having learned to play【答案】C【解析】句意:除非你天天练习，不然学玩游戏是没有意义的。

考查固定搭配。

There is no point in doing sth. 做某事没意义。

4.单选题In Scotland, as in the rest of the United Kingdom, （）schooling begins at age 5 and ends at age 16.问题1选项pellingB.forcedC.obligedpulsory【答案】D【解析】句意:如联合王国（英国）的其它地方那样，义务教育在苏格兰开始于5岁，结束于16岁。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-大连理工大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题She is a very （）student. She’s always talking about traveling to outer space.问题1选项A.imaginaryB.imaginativeC.imaginableD.imagining【答案】B【解析】考察形似形容词词义辨析。

imaginary “虚构的，假想的”；imaginative “富于想象的，有创造力的”；imaginable “可能的，可想象的”；imagining 是 image的动名词形式。

句意：她是一个富有想象力的学生。

她总是谈论关于在外太空漫游的事。

选项B符合题意。

2.单选题The presidential candidate（） his position by winning several primary elections.问题1选项A.consolidatedB.intensifiedC.enforcedD.enriched【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

consolidate “巩固’；intensify “使加强”；enforce “实施”；enrich “使充实”。

句意：这位总统候选人赢得了最初的机场选举从而巩固了自己的地位。

3.单选题） ofthe delivery port and shipping is available at any time.问题1选项A.garageB.cabinetC.capsuleD.warehouse【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

garage “车库”；cabinet “橱柜”；capsule “胶囊”；warehouse “仓库”。

句意：完成的产品都储藏在一个交货港的仓库里，随时都可以交货。

选项D符合题意。

4.单选题Beijing is a（） city, and still more people are pouring in.问题1选项A.popularB.populateC.populaceD.populous【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中共中央党校考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Development programs initiated in the tribal-dominated areas often adversely affected the tribal way of life and economy, which was frequently followed by the （） on traditional tribal areas or land by non-tribals.问题1选项A.encroachmentB.expansionC.enormityD.elevation【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。

encroachment “入侵”；expansion “膨胀”；enormity “暴行”；elevation “提升，海拔”。

句意：在部落占主导地位的地区开展的发展项目往往对部落的生活方式和经济产生不利影响，并且通常伴随着部落传统领地经常被其他外来种族入侵。

选项A符合题意。

2.单选题To begin to （） the pollution causing climate change, cities around the world need to be made more efficient, adopting measures ranging from reducing the energy costs of sanitation to constructing buildings that waste less energy.问题1选项A.mitigateB.migrateC.magnifyitate【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。

Mitigate “使缓和，减轻”；migrate “移居，移植”；magnify “放大，夸大”；militate “有影响，产生作用”。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isn’t the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europe’s new economic landscape, embraced b y sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over last century. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on （扰乱）European’s private lives.Europe’s new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europe’s shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, today's tech-savvy （精通技术的）workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so.Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage-twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative-dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles, they were young beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone.The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesn't leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasn't got time to get lonely because he has too much work. “I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult”. Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince Charming” thinks this fierce new individual ism means that people expect more and more of mates. So relationships don't last long-if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says she'd never have wanted to do what her mother did-give up a career to raise a family. Instead, “I’ve always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.”1.More and more young Europeans remain single because（）.2.What is said about European society in the passage?3.According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles are（）.4.The author quotes Eppendorf to show that （）.5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?问题1选项A.they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualismB.they have entered the workforce at a much earlier ageC.they have embraced a business culture of stabilityD.they are pessimistic about their economic future问题2选项A.It has fostered the trend towards small familiesB.It is getting closer to American-style capitalismC.It has limited consumer choice despite a free marketD.It is being threatened by irresistible privatization问题3选项A.warm and lightheartedB.on either side of marriageC.negative and gloomyD.healthy and wealthy问题4选项A.some modern women prefer a life of individual freedomB.the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day EuropeC.some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonelyD.most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable问题5选项A.To review the impact of women becoming high earnersB.To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualismC.To examine the trend of young people living aloneD.To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题People tend to ignore the delayed effects of（）to chemicals because the danger doesn't become apparent immediately.问题1选项A.exposureB.exploitC.explosionD.exponent【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

exposure “暴露”；exploit “功绩”；explosion “爆炸”；exponent “倡导者，鼓吹者”。

句意：人们倾向于忽视接触化学物质的迟延效应，因为这些危害不会立刻表现出来。

选项A符合题意。

2.单选题A computer file is a collection of （）data, used to organize the storage and processing of data by computer.问题1选项A.electricalB.artificialC.electronicD.genuine【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。

electrical有关电的；artificial人造的；electronic电子的；genuine真实的，诚恳的。

句意：计算机文件是电子数据的集合，用来组织计算机对数据的存储和处理。

这里指电子数据，所以选项C正确。

3.单选题My boss has failed me so many times that I no longer place any （）on what he promises. 问题1选项A.assuranceB.probabilityC.relianceD.conformity【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

assurance “保证，担保”；probability“可能性，机率”；reliance“信赖，信心”；conformity“遵守，适合，符合”。