状语从句翻译法
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状语从句如何翻译?状语从句如何翻译?引导语:状语从句内容丰富,涉及面广,可以用来表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果、等意义,那么状语从句如何翻译呢?下面就和店铺一起来看看方法吧。
一、时间状语从句在英语中,时间状语从句的连接词常常有:when(当...的时候),whenever(每当...),as(当...时),since(自从...),until(直到...,如果不....),till(直到...),before(在...前),after(在...后),as soon as(一...就),once(一旦...),the moment(一...就),immediately(一...就),the day(在...那天),no sooner... than(一...就),hardly(scarcely)... when(一...就),the instant(一...就),instantly(一...就),directly(一...就),the minute(一...就),the second(一...就),every time(每当...),by the time(等到....的时候)等。
翻译的时候,一般翻译在主句的前面。
(一)译成相应的时间状语While she spoke, the tears were running down.她说话时,泪水直流。
As he finished the speech, the audience burst into applause.他结束讲话的时候,听众掌声雷动。
(二)译成“一(刚、每)...就”的结构Directly he uttered these words there was a dead silence.他刚说出这些话,大家就沉默下来。
(三)译成条件句由于时间状语的引导词除了显示时间关系之外,有时候可以表示条件关系,所以还可以翻译为条件句。
Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.如果机器发生故障,就把电门关上。
英语语法:五类状语从句的翻译讲解一、时间状语从句1. 译成相对应的时间状语1) 与原文顺序一致While she spoke, the tears were running down.她说话时,泪水直流。
2) 后置改前置Please turn off the light when you leave the room.离屋时请关灯。
2. 译成“刚(一)……就……”的句式When I reached the beach, I collapsed.我一游到海滩,就昏倒了。
3. 译成并列的分句1) 译文前置They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid.他还没有交赎金,他们就把他释放了。
2) 后置不变I was about to speak when Mr. Smith cut in.我正想讲,史密斯先生就插嘴了。
二、原因状语从句1. 译成表“因”的分句1) “因”在“果”之前The crops failed because the season was dry.因为气候干旱,作物歉收。
2) “果”在“因”之前She could get away with anything, because she looked such a baby.她能渡过任何风险,因为她看上去简直还像娃娃模样。
2. 译成因果偏正复句中的主句Pure iron is not used in industry because it is too soft.纯铁太软,所以不用在工业上。
Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion.他深信这件事准确可靠,所以坚持己见。
3. 译成无关联词的因果关系并列分句Where there is sound, there must be sound waves.哪里有声音,哪里就必有声波。
2017考研英语翻译:状语从句常用翻译方法2017考研翻译常考定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句,常考的特殊结构包括倒装结构和比较结构。
下面我们就针对状语从句常用翻译方法进行重难点归纳,帮助考研人聚焦“翻译重要考点”。
状语从句翻译状语从句内容丰富,可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果等意义。
状语从句的翻译一般可以直接翻译,但是由于状语在句子中的位置比较灵活,所以状语从句的翻译也要灵活处理,尽量符合汉语的表达习惯。
真题例句(2001年,75题):And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder---kitchen rage.句子结构:so…that结构,意思是"如此…以至于"。
that引导的是结果状语从句。
参考译文:家用电器将变得如此的智能化,以至于控制和操作它们将会导致一种新的心理疾病的爆发----厨房狂躁症。
真题例句(2002年,62题):The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.句子结构:句子中有两个because引导原因状语从句。
英语中原因状语翻译时,通常将其前置,译为"之所以…是因为…"。
参考译文:行为科学之所以发展缓慢,部分原因是解释性的依据(或者"一些解释")通常是直接观察到的,部分原因是其他类型的解释一直难以找到。
1.There is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive,however lucky and robust we are。
[参考译文] 不管我们多么幸运,多么健壮,我们所希望的长寿年龄实际上是有限度的。
[结构分析] 该句分为两部分:(There is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, ) (however lucky and robust we are。
),第一部分是主句,第二部分是however引导的让步状语从句;主句中on…alive是介词短语,作limit的后置定语,how引导的从句是介词on的宾语,该从句的主语是we,谓语是can hope to remain,表语是alive;让步状语从句的主语是we,谓语是are,表语是lucky and robust。
这句话翻译时也要将从句提前,然后再译主句。
[知识链接] virtual实际的;remain保持;a limit on…对……有限制;alive活着的;lucky幸运的;robust健壮的。
2. While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role, informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development。
[参考译文] 尽管正式的学习过程是由挑选出来担当此角色的教师来进行的,非正式的学习过程却是作为孩子成长的自然一部分而完成的。
[结构分析] 该句可拆分为两部分,(While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role,) (informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development. ),第一部分是While引导的让步状语从句,第二部分是主句;从句中,formal learning是主语,谓语是is transmitted,过去分词selected 作teachers的后置定语,是不定式to perform this role作selected的目的状语;主句中,informal learning是主语,谓语是is acquired,介词短语as a natural part of a child's development作acquired的结果状语。
状语从句的特点及翻译方法状语从句是具有特殊功能的从句类型。
一般来说,它的主要作用是对句子中的动词或整个句子进行修饰和限定。
要理解状语从句的特点和翻译方法,首先需要了解它的语法结构和语义功能。
一、状语从句的语法结构状语从句是从属分句,要依附于主句。
因此,它有自己的主语和谓语,但是它的谓语动词必须采用从句形式,而不能是单独的动词。
状语从句通常由连词引导,如when, if, because, although, since等等。
例如:1) When I was young, I used to play football every afternoon.2) If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.3) Because she was ill yesterday, she didn't go to work.4) Although he is very busy, he always finds time to read books.5) Since you are here, let's have a cup of tea together.二、状语从句的语义功能状语从句起到修饰和限定主句动词或整个句子的作用,它可以表示时间、条件、原因、方式、目的、让步等等不同的语义关系。
例如:1)时间状语从句:When you finish your homework, you can watch TV.(当你完成家庭作业之后,你就可以看电视了。
)2)条件状语从句:If it's sunny tomorrow, we'll go for a picnic. (如果明天天气晴朗,我们就去野餐。
)3)原因状语从句:Because she is busy preparing for the exam, she cannot go to the party.(因为她忙于考试准备,所以不能去参加聚会。
状语从句的译法1时间状语的翻译消费者购买商品实质上是在给不同的企业和产品投票Customers actually vote for products and companies when they make a purchase.我方建议这批货从总价中削减50%,相信你方会认为这样对我方是公平的I’m sure you will think it fair on our part when we suggest that the total value of the parcel should be reduced by 50%.2 原因状语从句的翻译The country’s economy has emerged from recession because the government adopted some flexible policies.因为政府采取了一些灵活措施,所以该国的经济已经开始复苏。
Because the winter is coming, many fashion stores start to sell warm clothes.因为冬天即将来临,所以时装店开始销售卸寒衣服了。
3让步状语从句Although we’ve raised our market share by 5%, the competition remains fierce.虽然我们的市场份额提高了5%,但目前的竞争依然激烈。
4目的状语从句To reduce loss and increase overall profits, the CEO told his product managers to get rid of all the dogs.为了减亏损,全面增加利润,公司的首席执行官告诉产品部的经理们销毁所有的次品。
5条件状语从句So if you should reduce your price by, say 5%, we might come to terms.要是你们答应降价,比如5%,我们达成协议。
英译汉状语从句的译法英语状语从句表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的等等, 英语状语从句用在主句后面的较多, 而汉语的状语从句用在主句前的较多, 因此, 在许多情况下, 应将状语从句放在主句前面。
下面我们通过一些实例说明它们常用的翻译方法。
1. When censorship laws are relaxed, dishonest people are given a chance to produce virtually anything in the name of “art”. (83年考题)当审查放宽时, 招摇撞骗之徒就会有机可乘, 在“艺术”的幌子下炮制出形形色色的东西来。
(时间状语从句)2. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a 'valid' or 'fair' comparison. (92年考题)既然对智力的评估是比较而言的, 那么我们必须确保, 在对我们的对象进行比较时, 我们所使用的尺度能提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。
(原因状语从句)3. The policies open to developing countries are more limited than for industrialized nations because the proper economies respond less to changing conditions and administrative control.由于贫穷国家的经济对形势变化的适应能力差一些, 政府对这种经济的控制作用也小一些, 所以发展中国家所能采取的政策比起工业化国家来就更有局限性。
一、将表示目的的从句前置For example, a film can slow down the formation of crystals so that students can study the process.分析:原句中由so that引导的目的状语从句在译文中放到了主句之前。
参考译文:例如,为了能让学生研究这一过程,电影可以放慢演示晶体的形成过程。
二、表示目的的从句后置The saddles are either further fixed so that the cables may slide over them, rmounted on rollers so that they move with any movement of the cables.分析:句中有两个目的状语从句,在翻译时,并未直接翻译成为了…,而是译为这样…,更能让人接受。
参考译文:鞍座可以是固定的,这样钢缆可以在它上面滑动,也可以安装在滚柱上,这样鞍座就会随钢缆的移动而移动。
While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.(1999年)结构分析:句子的框架是While there are almost as many…as there are historians,modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as….while引导让步状语从句,翻译时可译为尽管…但是….as引导一个比较状语从句。