❖ Anthropologists most commonly use the term "culture" to refer to the universal human capacity to classify, codify([‘kɔdifai] 把(法律)编成法典) and communicate their experiences symbolically.
❖ 2.1 From the perspective of sociology
❖ "The total, generally organized way of life, including values, norms, institutions, and artifacts, that is passed on from generation to generation by learning alone"
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-- Dictionary of Modern Sociology
❖ "Culture stems from the development and transmission of human belief in symbols”. "The language system is a series of symbols used to transmit cultural beliefs among members of a society“. "Messages about cultural expectations can be found in the media, government, religious institutions, educational systems, and the like.”