综英九单元word study

Over the past decade, voluntourism and short-term volunteering have exploded in popularity. They seem to answer many of the classic criticisms of tourism and, unlike traditional international volunteering, let us go when and where we want. In short, this new type of trip seems too good to be true. In many cases it is.Volunteering causes unemployment. Why pay someone to do a job when someone else will do it for free? I visited one school in Malawi where the head teacher took Western volunteers because they were cheaper than paying local staff. Sure, there are some projects that will not get done without volunteers—but you still need to ask why you are needed, and whether the work would not be better done by a paid local person. Maybe the best contribution you could make would be to help pay that person.Often volunteers want to do what they do not do at home. If they work in an office they want to dig a well or teach kids. But if you do not know how to do something in your own country, how will you know how to do it in someone else's?Voluntourism can encourage Westerners to see development as "simple", as something that comes from outsiders (rather than local people and governments) and that can be done by unskilled, but enthusiastic Westerners. But if development was that simple it would all have been sorted out long ago—and worse still, the "development is simple" message reduces the need for political change and the support for long-term sustainable solutions.Instead, voluntourism and short-term volunteering tend to operate outside of wider development policy and thinking. Despite good intentions, projects that operate in this way may not be really helpful—for example, a classroom gets built when what is really needed is a health education program. If tourists want to contribute, then they need to work together with development agencies and governments.Despite these criticisms, the answer is not to abandon all forms of volunteering. Instead, we should support those organizations that address these criticisms, operate in a moral way and do not solely put in the first place the sudden thoughts of the tourist.1.Which of the following statements is true according to thispassage?A. Voluntourism can let us go anywhere for free.B. Voluntourism makes lots of people out of work.C. Volunteers should be unskilled people.D. Voluntourism always operates in really helpful ways.2.It can be concluded from the second paragraph that________________.A. people prefer to hire someone for free.B. volunteers get less paid than local staff.C. a paid person will do better than a unpaid person.D. voluntary work benefits the society a lot.3.Why do people prefer to employ volunteers rather than localstaff?A. Because they are cheaper than local staff.B. Because they do a better job than local people.C. Because they have special skills.D. Because they are more enthusiastic in their work.4.Which of the following statements is NOT a disadvantage ofvolunteering?A. Volunteers might be unskilled despite their enthusiasm.B. Voluntourism can mislead people in their understanding ofdevelopment.C. Voluntourism might be operated in unhelpful ways.D. Voluntourism has become the target of many criticisms.5.What can you infer from the last paragraph?A. We had better abandon volunteering.B. Volunteering should not be criticized.C. Volunteering should be operated in a moral way.D. The thought about volunteering should be put in the firstplace.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage or dialog.While there is not just one "right" reason to volunteer abroad, it is important to realize that different motivations can lead to different types of service. We warn against wanting "solve other people's problems", as too often this attitude has had negative effects on communities and has made local people powerless. Thus, before starting your volunteering program, you had better make yourself clear about the following points.Duration and Time of YearMany of the international programs have set dates, while others allow volunteers to determine their own start and end dates. The shorter-term (1- to 3-week) opportunities often involve a specific project such as building a medical clinic or repairing roads. In longer-term programs, volunteers live and work side-by-side with the local people, virtually becoming a part of the local community and its rhythms of daily life.Type of Volunteer OrganizationYou may wish to know if the program you are considering is a government agency, a for-profit agency, or a non-profit agency. You may want to ask if the organization is faith-based or secular. In any case, you will want to ensure that your values and objectives are in line with those of your sending and host organizations.A volunteer organization might or might not contribute part of your program fee to the long-term sustainability of a community and its resources. You may want to know how their funds are used.If you speak with returned volunteers and agency representatives, you can often get a clear picture of the type of work you will be doing and the nature of the organization you will be representing.SkillsMany of the opportunities you will find on the website do not require volunteers to have specific skills. A willing spirit and an open mind are often all that is required to assist in the work initiated by local community members. However, if you have professional experience in a certain field, you may want to choose a program that will allow you to put your skills to use. On the other hand, if you are hoping to gain new skills or explore new career options, consider programs that provide the greatest opportunities for hands-on work in your area of interest. It is never too late to acquire new skills!6.The word "secular" most probably means ________________.A. concerned with spiritual or religious affairsB. not connected with a church or religionC. governed by or done according to reasonD. consistently reliable7.If you want to get more information about a volunteeringorganization, you should ________________.A. ask you friends for helpB. speak with returned volunteersC. write to the leader of the volunteering organizationD. search information from the organization's website8.According to the passage, what is required of a volunteer?A. Several specific skills.B. Relevant work experience.C. A willing spirit and an open mind.D. A warm heart and much spare time.9.Which of the following is NOT a factor to consider in choosinga program?A. Start and end date of the program.B. Types of volunteer organization.C. The skills you should have.D. The language you should learn.10.Which of the following statements is true?A. Motivations influence the types of volunteering service.B. Volunteers have no right to decide the volunteering serviceduration.C. All volunteer organizations should be non-profit agencies.D. Volunteers are required to have specific skills.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage or dialog.American teens are setting an example for their parents through their volunteer work, according to a new survey by Harris Interactive.The random national telephone survey released this week found that more teens volunteer to support a charitable cause—56 per cent—than have a part-time job—39 per cent.Parents or guardians said 82 per cent of the teens in their lives do something to support charitable causes, including volunteering, appeal to others to devote to a cause, wearing a button or T-shirt or donating money. Forty-six per cent of the adults surveyed said they volunteer their time, but they also take credit for inspiring their children to volunteer.The Harris Interactive survey was conducted in the United States between January 29 and February 2 among 2,003 adults.Sara Johnson, a teacher who advises the student service club at a private high school, says she has seen an increase of teen involvement in social causes since President Barack Obama was elected in November. "I think that kids are increasingly realizing how important it is," said Johnson, who teaches English at IllianaChristian.Johnson, 29, said she saw a similar increase in involvement after Hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf Coast in 2005, and believes this generation of teens is more involved in charitable work than her generation was.The Harris Interactive survey found a quarter of teens have become more involved in charitable causes or organizations as a result of the economic downturn, but the economy has also led to cuts in pocket money, and has teens working more hours at a paying job.Unlike many public high schools across the nation, Illiana Christian does not require its students to clock public service hours. Senior Melissa Martin said some kids are too busy with other commitments like sports and music, but most of her classmates do volunteer.Alynn Woodson, director of volunteer engagement at Habitat for Humanity International, said she has noticed a new enthusiasm among teen volunteers for the Atlanta-based organization, which has had a structured youth program since 1987.Habitat for Humanity celebrates the 20th anniversary of its spring break program this year and is expecting over 12,000 youngsters to help build homes for low-income people around the nation.11.In which paragraph does the author first mention the reasonfor more volunteers involved in social causes?A. In paragraph 2.B. In paragraph 3.C. In paragraph 5.D. In paragraph 6.12.According to the passage, all of the following statements aretrue EXCEPT ________________.A. more teens volunteer than work part timeB. American teens do more charitable work than their parentsC. all schools require fixed public service hours for studentsD. the population of volunteers has increased in social causessince Barack Obama was elected13.Which of the following is a reason for volunteers' populationincrease?A. The economic downturn.B. The cuts in pocket money.C. The requirements of the parents.D. The requirement of the school.14.When was there an increase of teens involved in charitablecauses?A. Since President Barack Obama was elected in November.B. After Hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf Coast in 2005.C. Between January 29 and February 2003.D. Both A and B.15.The followings are all acts to support charitable causesEXCEPT ________________.A. donating money to poor peopleB. wearing a volunteering T-shirtC. building homes for low-income peopleD. taking sports and music as commitmentsQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage or dialog.Volunteers can play an important role in the ESL (English as a second language) classroom.Teachers can use a volunteer as a classroom monitor. As teacherscirculate through class to monitor student progress during language activities, the volunteer does the same. He or she can check for accurate pronunciation, reading comprehension, accurate grammar and general comprehension of the activity.A volunteer can be a co-presenter in ESL classes. He or she can assist teachers in the presentation of new activities. For example, a volunteer can take a role in an English dialogue with teachers. If teachers are presenting a conversation to class, the volunteer can take the other part so that it creates better language environment for the students. The volunteer can also model the activity with teachers. If teachers want the students to do pair work, the volunteer can demonstrate how it should be done. It is best if teachers let the volunteer know exactly what they are looking for in advance.A volunteer can play the role of a pull-out group leader. A pull-out group is a group of similar ability students who work separately from the whole class for part of the class session. The groups can address special needs the students have in common. They can also provide more challenging work for higher level students and give students an opportunity to focus on skills like English conversation with a lot of feedback that teachers cannot always provide in a large group. Teachers can provide the volunteer with materials and detailed instructions for working with the group and a place to work.Here are some golden rules for using volunteers. First, clear communication is the key. Teachers need to give clear instructions and adequate materials to their volunteers. From the start, ask the volunteers what they want to get out of volunteering with the class and explain what the students need from a volunteer. Second, feedback! Volunteers need feedback on how he or she is doing. Many of them feel nervous about teaching. Also, teachers need feedback on how volunteer-led class activities go to find out student progress and to make sure the volunteer feels comfortable doing what he or she has been asked.16.As a classroom monitor, what does a volunteer do?A. To monitor student progress during language activities.B. To organize new oral English.C. To take a role in an English dialogue with students.D. To provide more challenging work for higher level students.17.According to the passage, the volunteers do all the followingEXCEPT ________________.A. to check for accurate grammar and general comprehensionof the activityB. to take a role in an English dialogue with teachersC. to give feedback to teacher on how students do activitiesD. to teach new knowledge to students18.The pronoun "them" (Para 5) most probably refers to________________.A. volunteersB. teachersC. the classD. the other students19.The passage mainly tells us about ________________.A. what volunteers should do in the ESL classroomB. the rules for using volunteers in the ESL classroomC. the importance of volunteers in the ESL classroomD. the different roles volunteers play in the ESL classroom20.Which of the following is NOT a reason why teachers needfeedback?A. To know how students do in classroom.B. To know whether volunteers led the activities.C. To find out whether students make progress.D. To be sure volunteers are willing to do what the teacher has asked them to do.BAADCBBCDBCCBDDADACB。

第九单元医学Text A谁还需要医生？在变化的时代洪流中与时俱进费格斯•沙纳汉所有的一切都早经由前人说过，但是没有人听，于是我们不得不总是返回起点，从头开始。

——安德烈•纪德通常情况下，医生大都具备适应变化的能力。

但随着变化的脚步逐渐加快，他们会不断面临挑战，所担任的角色也会遭到不少质疑。

尽管医学界在医药方面已经取得了不少成就，但是现代社会对医疗职业却存有的越来越多的疑问；尽管与之前相比，人们变得越来越健康，但是健康仍旧是人们所关注的热门话题。

因此，随着人们对医疗职业的职业满意度越来越低，替代医学逐渐兴起。

美国的新闻杂志借由其封面大声喊出，“谁还需要医生啊？”，而很多医学杂志的评论标题也充斥着负面的情绪：“不高兴的医生”；“现代医学一成不变”；“医学作为一种艺术的失败”；以及“医生会有未来吗？”而这种情绪也在皇家医师学会的报道中有所体现，他们报道的对象正是在变化大潮中不断变化的医生角色。

报道中出现了一些对医生不利的词语与表达：“医疗职业……处于劣势”；“心神不安”；“很多医生看起来都不快乐”；“医生……过时了”以及“医生的角色需要清晰的解释”。

因此，人们呼吁医生们在塑造未来的过程中能够担当起更加积极的角色。

对医疗行业来说，明智之举就是培养更多的领导能力，重点关注如何能使人们保持健康的状态，以巩固医疗行业对社会福利的影响。

但是目前，医疗行业存在的最大挑战将会是在“伙伴关系”方面，也就是医生和病人之间的关系——医患关系。

十多年前有社论观点做出预测称，正是超级专业化，分子医学以及冠以“循证”的一切这些因素促进了医疗行业的变化，而最彻底的变化是在医患关系方面。

这种关系错综复杂，容易受到社会潮流的影响。

而过去的分析倾向于侧重医生们如何确诊疾病，而当前难以捉摸的诊断已经很少见了。

而对于病人来说，医患关系的好坏结果也取决于医生的职业福利，因此这方面需要获得人们的关注。

随着世界变化日新月异，人们的职业也应在变化的大潮中面对挑战，做出相应的回应，所以医生个人需要与时俱进，并且要思考如何能够信心十足地面对挑战，并且享受挑战。

Astound v. to overcome with surprise or shock; to amazee.g. The judge’s decision astounded everyone.adj. astoundedastoundingBosom n.1.(usually plural ) a woman’s breast2.(singular) literary a word meaning someone’s feelings and emotions, used especially when these are bad or unpleasante.g. Tony harbored bitterness and anger in his bosom.Bosom friend/buddy: a very close friendBound v. (always +adv/prep) to run with a lot of energy, because you are happy, excited, or frightenedBound up/towards/acrosse.g. Suddenly a huge dog came bounding towards me.Bound n.1)limits or rules that are given by law or exist because of social customstay/keep/remain within boundskeep sth. within boundse.g. Talking is permitted in the classroom as long as it is kept withinbounds.2)old-fashioned the edges of a town, city etc.Boundary n. the official line that marks the edge of a town, country etc e.g. the boundary between US and CanadaBound adj.Bound for: traveling towards or going to a particular placee.g. The planes bound for Somalia carry food and medical suppliers. Homeward bound : going homeNorthbound/southbound/eastbound/westbound: traveling in a particular directione.g. All eastbound trains have been cancelled due to faulty signals.Decorate v. to put things in a room or house to make it more beautiful Decorate sth. withe.g. We decorated the Christmas tree with tinsel and lights.My grandma decorated the windows with papercuts.Decoration: sth. pretty that you put onto sth. else in order to make it more attractive; the way in which sth. is decorated; esp. BrE the act or process of decoratinge.g. Christmas decorationsThe Rococo decoration inside the palace is delightful.The decoration of the house had taken months to completeDecorative: pretty or attractive, but not always necessary or useful Decorator: someone who paints houses and puts paper on the walls as their jobHaunt v.1.if the spirit of a dead person haunts a place, it appears there often.e.g. The pub is said to be haunted by the ghost of a former landlord.2.to make someone worry or make them sade.g. Clare was haunted by the fear that her husband was having an affair (克莱尔总是担心她丈夫有外遇。

VocabularyPart Ⅰ:1.Ended up with2.Was most successful/ was at its best3.Are still operating very well4.Cherished hopes that would never come true5.Having great popularity among audiences6.Do whatever they want to do, regardless of all the dissatisfaction andopposition from others.Part Ⅱ:1.Interfere2.Neighboring3.Swung4.Determined5.Hits6.As for7.Intellectual8.Leasing9.Appeal10.colossalPart Ⅲ:1-8 CADA BACDPart Ⅳ:1. a. means, means b. suggests c. mean, suggests d. means2. a. realized b. fulfilled c. realize d. fulfill3. a. constant b. constant c. continuous d. continuous4. a. cease b. stopped c. stops d. ceasedPart Ⅴ:1.rich (splendid, grand, magnificent)2.small ( little, tiny, insignificant)3.continuous ( continual, non-stop)4.unambitious (ambitionless, unmotivated)5.fortunate6.fall (drop, decline, sink)7.skillfully (competently, professionally)8.publicPart Ⅵ:1.Do you mind my sitting here for a few minutes2.I’m going to put you in charge of today’s programme.3.Everybody is going to be given a raise./rise4.Did Pamela give any reason for being so late5.You needn’t have done all that washing-up.6.Things are always going wrong in a job of this sort.7.Virginia learned to ski at the age of five.8.Ther e’s no point in trying to mend this tyre. GrammarPart Ⅰ:1.Causes2.Are3.Flows4.Has5.Gives6.Knits7.Passes, shoots8.Opens, closesPart Ⅱ:1.Is2.Retains3.Have4.Are5.Are6.Has7.Will supplyPart Ⅲ:1.Helps2.Hope, are enjoying, sunbathe, go, are going3.Is being4.Is typing5.Am not eating6.Am reading7.Are always leaving8.Go, belongs, wants, is usingPart Ⅳ：1.Is freezing → freezes2.Work → am working3.√4.Will fall → am falling5.Am insisting → insist6.√7.Is passing →passes, is shooting → shoots8.√9.Am knowing → know10.Am gathering → gatherPart Ⅴ:1.do you belong to2.I think3.Can see4.I’m going over5.Do you believe6.Prefers7.I miss8.Always readsTranslation:Part Ⅰ:1.好莱坞意味着诱惑，是那些满脑子明星梦的青少年们——如果鸿运高照的话——也许能圆梦的地方。