新托福口语Task 6难点解析及答题技巧（中）
朗阁海外考试研究中心
难点二：抓不住重点
Task6的听力持续时间为90-120秒，总长为250-300词。也就是说，一秒钟要听到2-3个词。有时，还会出现口音不适应或是使用俚语不熟悉，愈发使得听懂Task6像是不可能完成的任务。然而，与任何考试一样，了解测试意图，攻克此类学术课程话题也是有迹可循的。
首先，Task6文章结构的设置，永远是典型的总分结构。
单元型总分结构：即General topic → sub topic (detailed description)。例如TPO1的Task6, 讲婴儿的计算能力：
Scientists have learned some interesting things about the intellectual abilities of babies. They say there is evidence that babies as young as five month old can do basic arithmetic: that they can add. （首段头两句，非常清楚的表述了General topic 是婴儿有计算能力）……the evidence is indirect because……so they devised an experiment where……（紧接着引出了sub topic, 做实验，后面就详述了这个实验是什么，以及这个实验如何说明婴儿有计算能力）
这类文章的分述细节通常是一个步骤详细的实验。
双元总分结构：即General topic → sub topic 1 (definition1+example1) → sub topic 2 (definition2+example2)。例如TPO3的Task6, 讲说服消费者购买某产品的策略：In advertising, various strategies are used to persuade people to buy products……The strategies they use can be subtle, friendly forms of persuasion that are sometimes hard to recognize.（general topic, 看似友好地说服消费者购买
的广告方式）
In a lot of ads, repetition is a key strategy.（sub topic 1, 重复）Research shows that repeated exposure to a message even something meaningless or untrue is enough to make people accept it or see it in a positive light.（对“重复”下定义）You’ve all seen the car commercials on TV……this gu y is driving around a he keeps stopping to pick up different people……and each time, the narrator says plenty of room for friends, plenty of room for family, plenty of room for everybody. The same message is repeated several times in the course of the comme rcial. Now the car……is not a very big car at all. But you get the sense that it is pretty spacious. ……what usually happens is that when the statement plenty of room is repeated often enough, people are actually convinced that it is true.（这个冗长的例子无非就是说，汽车广告反复宣称空间大，而实际上空间则并不大，反复的次数多了，受众就觉得确实空间很大）
Another strategy they use is to get a celebrity to advertise a product, it turns out that we are more likely to accept an advertising claim made by somebody famous.（sub topic 2, 明星代言）接着的两句话都是重复这么做的好处。You might have a car commercial that features a well know race car driver. Now it may not be a very fast car, it could even be an in expensive vehicle with a low performance rating. But if a popular race car driver is shown driving it and saying I like my car’s fast. Then people will believe the car is impressive for its speed.（还是汽车广告，请赛车手给经济车型做广告，大家会相信这车真的很快）
双元立体总分结构：即General topic →sub topic 1 (suptopic1A: definition1A+example1A / suptopic1B: definition1B+example1B) → sub topic 2 (definition2+example2)。例如TPO2的Task6, 讲钱的概念：
So let’s talk about money. What is money? Well, typically, people think of coins and paper bills as money. But that is using a somewhat narrow definition of the term. A broad definition is this: money is anything that people can use to make
