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初二英语语法：动词不定式详解及习题一..不定式的构成：to+ 动词原形二不定式的特征：不定式不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，动词不定式具有名词，形容词，和副词的特征，可以在句子中作主语，表语，宾语。
宾语补足语，定语，和状语。
现将用法归纳如下。
（一）、动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。
常见的句式有：(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +名词(for sb)to do sth(3)It takes sb some time to do sth(4)It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.句式注意：当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is…to…的句型(对)To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
(错)It is to believe to see.It's for sb.和It's of sb.1) for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult,interesting, impossible等：It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2) of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
（二）、动词不定式作宾语1. He wants to buy some vegetables.2. Don't forget to bringyour homework with you when you come to school.3. He found it very difficult ______.常接不定式作宾语的动词;want，like，agree，hope，wish，learn，begin，start，seem，decide，hate，choose，forget，remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。
专项练习题一，用所给动词的形式填空。
1.I just stayed at home most of time_________(relax).2.Are you busy with______(work) at the garden?3.This is a________(read) room. We must be quiet.4.There was nothing much______(do) in the evening but read.5.Everything seemed _______(be) bored.6.It took us one hour _______(finish) the job.7.She tells us ________(do) homework now.8.Can you hear someone________(sing) in the room?9.She enjoys_______(read) books in the library.10.It makes us _______(feel) relaxed.二，用括号内的适当形式填空，完成短文。
Every year,people run in hundreds of races around world. Runners usually try_______(win) prizes.But some people run because they hope__________(do) something to help others. This year,our club decided_________(organize) a run called “Let’s Run”. We plan_______(help) poor families and raise money. Hundreds of people,young and old,want ________(join) in the race.Runners with less experience expect_______(win) prizes.They often run too fast at the beginning of the race.Before the race,we train them for two weeks. They practice_______(run) at a steady pace all the time. Also,they need_______(learn) how________(keep) healthy.We hope they can finish it strongly and healthily.三，单项选择。
Unit 5 Grammar and writing目标导航Grammar 动词不定式作宾语Writing 谈论自己喜欢的电影或电视节目知识精讲单元语法讲练:一、动词不定式知识点01 动词不定式的构成及用法构成动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，有时可以省略to.动词不定式在句中可作宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语等。
动词不定式在句子中不作谓语，所以没有人称和数的变化，其否定式是在to前加上not.具体用法见下面：用法1作宾语。
（1)在offer,plan,hope,decide,learn,wish,want,agree,refuse,begin,start,forget,remember 等动词之后作宾语。
Finally he offered to go shopping with me.最后他主动提出跟我一起去购物。
I want to see a film tonight.我想今天晚上去看电影。
【即学即练1】Mario and his friends are making some plans in an old people's home this summer.A.workB.workingC.to work解析：考查非谓语动词。
Make plans to do sth.相当于plan to do sth,意为“计划做某事”。
答案C（2)在know,decide,remember 等动词之后可用“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。
I don't want to stay at home,but I don't know where to go.我不想待在家里，但是我不知道能去哪里。
【即学即练2】－My family will go on a trip to Beijing this summer, but we haven't decided .－Why not take the highspeed railway?A. when to leaveB.how to get thereC.which hotel to chooseD.how long to stay there解析：考查“疑问词＋不定式”的用法。
八年级英语动词不定式练习题30题(答案解析)1.She wants to learn to play the piano.A.learnB.to learnC.learningD.learns答案解析：B。
本题考查动词不定式作宾语。
want to do sth 是固定用法，表示“想要做某事”。
A 选项learn 是动词原形，不能直接跟在wants 后面；C 选项learning 是动名词形式，也不符合；D 选项learns 是第三人称单数形式，同样不合适。
2.He hopes to become a scientist.A.hopesB.to becomeC.becomingD.become答案解析：B。
hope to do sth 表示“希望做某事”，动词不定式to become 作宾语。
A 选项hopes 是谓语动词；C 选项becoming 是动名词形式不符合；D 选项become 是动词原形不能直接跟在hopes 后面。
3.They decided to go to the park.A.decidedB.to goD.goes答案解析：B。
decide to do sth 是“决定做某事”，to go 作宾语。
A 选项decided 是谓语动词；C 选项going 是动名词形式错误；D 选项goes 是第三人称单数形式错误。
4.I plan to read a book this weekend.A.planB.to readC.readingD.reads答案解析：B。
plan to do sth“计划做某事”，to read 作宾语。
A 选项plan 是谓语动词；C 选项reading 动名词形式错误；D 选项reads 第三人称单数形式错误。
5.She expects to see her friend.A.expectsB.to seeC.seeingD.sees答案解析：B。
初二年级英语动词不定式讲义和对应练习动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。
有些动词不定式不带to，动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。
一、用作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时(有时在不定式的前面还会用for sb.表示不定式的逻辑主语)。
动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。
如：1、把不定式置于句首。
如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour.2、用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。
如：①It＋be＋名词＋to doIt's our duty to take good care of the old.②It takes sb + some time +to doHow long did it take you to finish the work③It＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋to do 逻辑主语It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour.④It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do“It is stupid of you to write down everything”， the teacher says.注意：在③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等；在④中，常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等表示赞扬或批评的词，强调对人的评价。
八年级英语动词不定式练习题20题(答案解析)1.She wants to learn to play the piano.A.playB.playingC.to playingD.plays答案解析：A。
本题考查动词不定式作宾语。
want to do sth 是固定用法，表示“想要做某事”。
B 选项playing 是动名词形式，不符合搭配；C 选项to playing 错误，to 后面接动词原形；D 选项plays 是第三人称单数形式，也不符合要求。
2.He hopes to join the basketball club.A.joinB.joiningC.to joiningD.joins答案解析：A。
hope to do sth 表示“希望做某事”。
B 选项joining 是动名词形式；C 选项to joining 错误；D 选项joins 是第三人称单数形式，均不符合搭配。
3.They decided to go for a picnic.A.goB.goingC.to going答案解析：A。
decide to do sth 是固定用法，“决定做某事”。
B 选项going 是动名词形式；C 选项to going 错误；D 选项goes 是第三人称单数形式，不符合要求。
4.The teacher asked us to answer the questions.A.answerB.answeringC.to answeringD.answers答案解析：A。
ask sb to do sth“要求某人做某事”。
B 选项answering 是动名词形式；C 选项to answering 错误；D 选项answers 是第三人称单数形式，都不对。
5.She needs to finish her homework.A.finishB.finishingC.to finishingD.finishes答案解析：A。
八年级英语动词不定式练习题30题答案解析版1.She wants _____ a new book.A.buyB.to buyC.buyingD.buys答案解析：B。
want 后面跟动词不定式作宾语，即want to do sth。
A 选项buy 是动词原形，不能直接跟在want 后面；C 选项buying 是动词的现在分词形式，want 后不接doing；D 选项buys 是第三人称单数形式，也不符合want 的用法。
2.He hopes _____ a doctor.A.to beB.beC.beingD.is答案解析：A。
hope 后面跟动词不定式作宾语，即hope to do sth。
B 选项be 是动词原形，不能直接跟在hope 后面；C 选项being 是动词的现在分词形式，hope 后不接doing；D 选项is 是第三人称单数形式，也不符合hope 的用法。
3.They plan _____ a trip this weekend.A.takeB.to takeC.takingD.takes答案解析：B。
plan 后面跟动词不定式作宾语，即plan to do sth。
A 选项take 是动词原形，不能直接跟在plan 后面；C 选项taking 是动词的现在分词形式，plan 后不接doing；D 选项takes 是第三人称单数形式，也不符合plan 的用法。
4.We decide _____ to the park.A.goB.to goC.goingD.goes答案解析：B。
decide 后面跟动词不定式作宾语，即decide to do sth。
A 选项go 是动词原形，不能直接跟在decide 后面；C 选项going 是动词的现在分词形式，decide 后不接doing；D 选项goes 是第三人称单数形式，也不符合decide 的用法。
5.She expects _____ a letter from her friend.A.getB.to getC.gettingD.gets答案解析：B。
初中英语语法（动词不定式）1．不定式的基本形式与结构动词不定式指通常由to加上动词原形(如to write) 所构成的一种非限定性动词形式，但在有些情况下to可以省略。
动词不定式有进行体和完成体(如上to be writing，to have written)，也有被动态(如to be written)，所有的主动词，不论是及物动词还是不及物动词，也不论是动作动词还是状态动词，都有不定式形式。
助动词除be和have外，没有不定式形式。
动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
2．不定式的用法1)不定式结构作主语1.Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago．2.To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge．在上述情况下，如果不定式较长，显得头重脚轻，则可由代词让作形式主语(形式主语it不可由that或this等其他代词代替)，而将不定式放到后面。
如：1.It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago．2.John admitted that it is always difficult for him to be on time．不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的，即不定式的逻辑主语，通常可以通过for sb. to do sth. 结构表达：1.It is quite important for us to read good books during a general review．2.It is not difficult fot those talented students to pass the exam.在某些形容词(如careless，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind，naughty，nice，silly，stupid等)作表语时，不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语：1.It is very kind of you to tell me the truth．2.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing．2)不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式，另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。
动词不定式【概念引入】1. 动词不定式名言：（1）动词不定式作表语To lose is to learn. 失败就是学习。
（2）动词不定式作主语It is better to give than to take. 给予比接受更好。
（3）不定式作宾语Expect to be treated as you have treated others.你怎样待别人，就指望别人怎样待你。
（4）不定式作宾补Adversity causes some men to break，others to break records.逆境使一些人崩溃，也使一些人破记录。
（5）不定式作定语There is a time to talk and a time to act.该说的时候说，该做的时候做。
（6）不定式作目的状语To find the exact answer，one must first ask the exact question.要找到确切的答案，首先必须提出确切的问题。
2. 动词不定式定义：动词不定式是一种非谓语形式（不能作谓语），基本形式是to do形式(to是不定式符号的标志，无意义，可以不翻译)肯定式：to + 动词原形否定式：not to + 动词原形【用法讲解】1.动词不定式的特征动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。
2. 动词不定式在句子中的作用动词不定式是由to+动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。
（1）动词不定式作主语。
例如：To master a language is not an easy thing.掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。
Unit 5 单元语法：动词不定式作宾语精讲精练动词不定式的基本形式为“to＋动词原形”，是一种非谓语动词形式，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。
在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。
不定式作宾语的用法非常广泛。
许多动词都可以接这种宾语，结构为“动词＋不定式”。
常见动词有：ask，expect，plan，want，learn，need，hope，try，like，begin，agree等。
下面的顺口溜能帮助同学们记住这一用法：He hopes to see you soon.他希望不久能见到你。
Li Jun wants to buy an MP4.李军想买一个MP4。
We plan to go there by train. 我们计划坐火车去那儿。
He decided to go home.他决定回家。
[注意]find/think/feel+it+形容词+动词不定式，其中it为形式宾语，动词不定式为真正宾语。
I find it difficult to learn English well.我发现学好英语很难。
语法练习一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1．You can’t expect ________(learn) a new sport in a few days.2．Larry wants ________(visit) her grandparents this Sunday morning.3．We’re planning ________(go) to Beijing on vacation next week.4．The little boy wishes ________(fly) to the moon one day.5．I try ________(get) good grades in this Chinese exam.6．She decided ________(leave) here a little earlier.7．I’d like ________(write) a book about my hometown.8．His daughter is learning ________(play) the piano.9．They hope ________(stay) in Hong Kong for another two weeks.10．My teacher can help ________(bring) out the best in me.11. Henry got up at 6:00 am. and tried ________(not miss) the early bus.12. I forgot ________(have) breakfast with you this morning. I was too busy at that time.13. Please remember ________(leave) me a message.14. I’d like ________(go) to Xiamen with my parents next week.15. Tom seems ________(like) this farm. He is very happy to stay here.二、按要求完成句子，每空一词1. Reading English every morning is important.(改为同义句）It is important_____ _______English every morning.2. Mr. Green plans to spend time with his family on weekends.(对划线部分提问）________ ________Mr. Green ______ ______ ______on weekends?3. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall one day.(改为同义句)He hopes_____ ________the Great Wall one day.4. Paul wants to watch sports shows tonight. (改为一般疑问句）_______ Paul_____ ______ watch sports shows tonight?5. Please write to me when you get there. (改为同义句)Don’t forget ______ ______to me when you get there.三、根据汉语意思完成句子1.我们期望从喜剧中学到一些笑话。
初中英语语法（动词不定式）1．不定式的基本形式与结构动词不定式指通常由to加上动词原形(如to write) 所构成的一种非限定性动词形式，但在有些情况下to可以省略。
动词不定式有进行体和完成体(如上to be writing，to have written)，也有被动态(如to be written)，所有的主动词，不论是及物动词还是不及物动词，也不论是动作动词还是状态动词，都有不定式形式。
助动词除be和have外，没有不定式形式。
动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
2．不定式的用法1)不定式结构作主语1.Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago．2.To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge．在上述情况下，如果不定式较长，显得头重脚轻，则可由代词让作形式主语(形式主语it不可由that或this等其他代词代替)，而将不定式放到后面。
如：1.It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago．2.John admitted that it is always difficult for him to be on time．不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的，即不定式的逻辑主语，通常可以通过for sb. to do sth. 结构表达：1.It is quite important for us to read good books during a general review．2.It is not difficult fot those talented students to pass the exam.在某些形容词(如careless，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind，naughty，nice，silly，stupid等)作表语时，不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语：1.It is very kind of you to tell me the truth．2.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing．2)不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式，另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。
及物动词+带to的不定式结构:只能跟动词不定式的动词，常见的有: afford，agree，aim，appear，ask，believe，care，claim，decide demand，desire，determine，expect，fail，happen，hesitate，hope，intend，learn，long，manage，offer，pretend，promise，prepare，refuse，seek，swear，undertake，want，wish等。
1.He managed to solve the complicated problem.2.The stranger offered to show me the way.3.Mr. Smith undertook to build a new plant in South Africa.动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式：这类动词常见的有advise，decide，find out，forget，inquire，know，learn，see，regard初中英语语法总结，remember，teach，tell，understand，wonder 等。
常见的疑问代(副)词有: what，when，where，which，how，whether等。
1.He does not know when to start.2.You can decide whether to continue or to stop.3.I will show you how to deal with it.有时，不定式可由it代替，而把不定式放到后面去。
这可以用这一结构表达：动词(如find，think，consider，feel等)+it+ 形容词+不定式。
1.She considers it necessary to make friends with him.2.We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 o’clock.3)不定式做表语一种情况为主语是不定式(表示条件)；表语也是不定式(表示结果)：1.To see is to believe.2.To work means to earn a living．另一种情况为主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等名词为中心的短语，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用：；例如：1.His aim is to study abroad in the near future．2.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the price．3.What I want to say is to forget all the unhappy experience．4)不定式作定语不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型：第一种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。
例如：1.There was really nothing to fear．2.He gave me an interesting book to read．如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就得加相应的介词。
例如：1.Mary needs a friend to play with．2.That girl has nothing to worry about．3.They have a strict teacher to listen to．4.Although the film had been on for ten minutes，I still was not able to find a chair to sit on．第二种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语；例如：1.Have you got a key to unlock the door?2.The action to be taken is correct．3.There is nothing to be gained by pretending．第三种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构。
这类名词通常是表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、is算、能力、意向等意义的名词：ability，attempt，effort，impulse，inclination，wish等。
例如：1.Her daughter will make an even bigger effort to please her．2.I have no wish to quarrel with you．3.Neither of them had any inclination to do business with Mary.5)不定式作状语不定式结构在句中作状语通常都能转换为限制性状语从句。
例如作原因状语：1.They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area．2.They are quite surprised because they see the great changes taking place in the area．3.He was lucky to arrive before dark．4.He was lucky because he arrived before dark．作目的状语：1.She raised her voice to be heard better．2.She raised her voice so that she could heard better．3.We went via Heidelberg to miss the traffic jam．4.We went via Heidelberg so that we could miss the traffic jam．作结果状语：1.The French football team played so successfully as to defeat the Brazilians．2.The French football team played so successfully that they even defeated the Brazilians．3.He got to the station only to be told the train had gone．4.He got to the station and was told that the train had gone．不带to的不定式的使用动词不定式通常带to，但在有些搭配中不带to，在另一些搭配中可带to可不带to。
归纳起来，以下情况下使用不带to不定式：1) 在can／could，/may／might，will／would，shall／should，must，need，dare 等情态动词之后，动词不定式不带to。
2)在表示感觉意义的动词，如see初中英语语法总结，feel，watch，notice，smell，hear，observe等后，或是表示“致使”意义的动词，如have，let，make等后，动词不定式不带to。
例如：1.I often heard him say that he would study hard．2.I must have him see his own mistakes．但是，当这类结构转换为被动语态时，后面的不带to不定式一般转换为带to不定式。
例如：1.He was often heard to say that he would study hard．2.After he had finished speaking，he was made to answer innumerable questions．3)在动词help之后可用不带to的不定式，也可用带to的不定式。
