2019高考英语争分夺秒15天：10.定语从句

秘笈06 定语从句定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句知识外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查.纵观近几年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括：1. 考查关系代词和关系副词的区分.如： that, which和where, when的区分; that, which和why的区分等.2. 考查whose的使用.whose可以指代人或物, 在定语从句中作定语, 后跟名词.指物时, whose＋名词＝名词＋ of which ＝ of which＋名词.如：The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor.3. 考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从句.尤其要重视which，as引导的非限制性定语从句和it，what 引导的主语从句的区分.4. 考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象.如：I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble. 5. 考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which，不能用that.关系代词作定语时也可用whose.如：The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.6. 考查一些特殊的先行词.如：当situation, point, case, activity, scene及period, festival, occasion等出现时, 要注意具体情况具体分析; 作主语、宾语和表语时, 用关系代词that/which; 作状语时, 用关系副词where/when或“介词＋which”, 表示在某种特定的情形下.7. 考查定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区别.考点1 关系代词1. 定语从句中的引导词及其在从句中的作用☞Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他是那个想见你的男人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语) ☞He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语) ☞The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher.刚才和你说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师.☞The package(which/that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的那个包裹快要散开了.(which/that在从句中作宾语)☞A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.双亲都死了的孩子叫作孤儿.(whose表示那个孩子的双亲)☞He lives in a room whose window faces south.他住在那个窗户朝南的房子里.(whose表示那个房子的窗户)2. 关系代词that和which的用法区别☞It is the best film(that)I have seen.这是我看过的最棒的电影.☞He is the very man that they are looking for.他正是他们在寻找的人.☞They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.他们谈到他们记得的学校的那些人和事.3. 关系代词as引导限制性定语从句的用法（1）as既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等，引导限制性定语从句时的固定搭配：thesame ...as ...；such ...as ...；so/as ...as ...☞She is such a nice girl as we all like.她是一个我们大家都喜欢的好女孩.【注意】 ①This is such a beautiful park that everyone wants to visit it. 这是一个如此漂亮的公园以至于每个人都想去参观.②This is such a beautiful park as everyone wants to visit.这是一个如此漂亮的每个人都想去参观的公园. 句①由于从句中不缺少任何语法成分，故从句在这个结构中为结果状语从句.句②从句中动词visit 缺少宾语，故应用关系代词as 引导定语从句.（2）the same ...as 与the same ...that 的区别：⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧与原物同类，即同类异物和原物是同一个，即同类同物☞This is the same pen as I bought yesterday. 这和我昨天买的那支钢笔一样.☞This is the same pen that I bought yesterday.这就是我昨天买的那支钢笔.1. (2017·新课标卷III ·短文改错)Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time ： car magazines and musical instruments. 【参考答案】 they →that/which2.(2017·北京卷·单项填空）The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. A. that B. as C. where D. when【参考答案】A【答案解析】考查定语从句.先行词是 the little problems, 在从句中作 meet 的宾语，故选关系代词that.句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的那些小问题有可能会成为伟大发明的灵感.3.Among the many dangers__________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog. A. which B. what C. where D. when【参考答案】A【答案解析】分析句子结构可知，________sailors have to face 是定语从句，修饰先行词the many dangers ，且从句缺少宾语，要用关系代词. 因此A选项正确.句意为＂在水手不得不面对的许多危险中，可能最大的是雾霾.＂考点2介词+关系代词一、有时从句中的介词可以提前到关系代词之前，形成＂介词＋关系代词＂结构，关系代词可以用which， whose，whom，不可以用that.＂介词＋关系代词＂引导定语从句常见的有以下几种结构：（1）介词＋关系代词☞Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.＝Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice.曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师. （2）名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词☞He wrote a book, the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.他写了一本书，书名我完全给忘记了.☞The old man has two daughters, both of whom are doctors.那位老人有两个女儿，她们都是医生.（3）形容词最高级＋介词＋关系代词☞China has thousands of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan.中国有成千上万的岛屿，其中最大的是台湾.（4）介词＋关系代词＋名词☞I called him by the wrong name，for which mistake I apologized.我叫错了他的名字，为此我向他表示了歉意.(不能使用whose)二、＂介词＋关系代词＂结构中介词的选用1.一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的意义；②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思.☞I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光.2. 表示＂整体和部分关系＂，介词常用of.在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each 等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom.☞John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员.3.有时＂介词＋where＂可以引导定语从句，此时要和＂介词＋which＂引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别.☞His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees.他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到.(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window)三、 of whom, of which与whose的用法解析.1. whose的用法①whose引导定语从句, 后应紧跟名词, 构成名词短语.☞The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.那位小男孩学习很努力, 他的父亲是位工程师.②whose引导定语从句时, 先行词既可指人, 也可指物.☞The bicycle, whose brake was damaged, has now been repaired.那辆自行车的闸坏了, 现在已修好了.③whose在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语, 可以与介词一起放在先行词与从句之间.在whose引导的定语从句中, 可用of which代替whose, 但词序不同, 即“whose＋名词＝the＋名词＋of＋which”；而用of whom代替时只能指人, 有时可以与whose互换.☞The boss, in whose factory Mary's father once worked, is kind to her.老板对玛丽很好, 玛丽的父亲曾经在他的工厂工作过.☞He lives in the room whose window (the window of which) faces south.他住在窗户朝南的房间里.2. 下列情况只用of which或of whom, 而不用whose引导定语从句.①定语从句的主语是some, many, few, little, much, most等词时, 用of which/whom, 不用whose.☞Here are the questions, some of which I thought difficult for you.就是这些问题, 我认为其中一些对你来说有难度.☞Present at the meeting were almost experts on DNA, most of whom came from the USA.出席会议的大多是DNA专家, 其中大部分来自美国.②定语从句的主语是all, both, neither, each, none等词时, 用of which/whom, 不用whose.☞He has two sons, both of whom are doctors.他有两个儿子, 都是医生.☞I bought him two pieces of clothing, neither of which he likes.我给他买了两件衣服, 他一件也不喜欢.③定语从句的主语是表示数量的词时, 用of which/ whom, 不用whose.☞Here are many books, two of which he borrowed.这儿有许多书, 他借走了两本.1.(2017·江苏卷) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is torelieve worldwide starvation.A. whichB. itsC. whoseD. whom【参考答案】C2.（2016 • 江苏卷）Many young people, most _________were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A. of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查定语从句.本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语.句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都受过良好教育.故C项正确.考点3 关系副词1. 常用的关系副词：when，why，where(在从句中只作状语)2. 意义及作用☞I’ll never forget the day(that/which)we spent together last week.我将永远不会忘记上周我们一起度过的那一天.☞I’ll never forget the day when I got to know you.我将永远不会忘记我认识你的那天.☞I don’t like the way(that/in which)he talks.我不喜欢他谈话的方式.☞Do you know the reason why(for which)he was so sorry?你知道他那么难过的原因吗？【注意】①在口语和非正式场合, when, where和why或相当于关系副词的“介词＋which”结构可用that来代替并可省略.☞Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink?你知道在哪儿我能喝杯酒吗？②why或that引导的定语从句, 先行词是reason, 且reason又作主句主语时, 表语从句不能用because引导, 而要用that引导.其句型为：The reason why...is that...或The reason that...is that....☞The reason why he was late for school was that he was injured in thetraffic accident on his way to school.他上学迟到的原因是他在上学路上的交通事故中受伤了.☞The reason that he explained at the meeting was that he hadto look after his mother in hospital.他在会上解释的原因是他不得不去照顾他住院的母亲.③“地点模糊”的先行词后跟where引导的定语从句.当先行词为point, situation, conditions, case, position, stage, scene,spot, activity, family, job等表示某人/物所处的情况、发展的阶段或表达某事的某个方面时, 用where引导定语从句, where相当于from which, under which等, 表示“在这种情况下”,“从……中”等.☞We’re just trying to reach a point where both si des will sit downtogether and talk.我们只是尽力想能达到双方共同坐下来商谈的地步.3. 关系代词与关系副词的选择依据①考虑代替先行词的关系词在从句中充当的语法成分, 如果关系词在从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语,就用关系代词；如果关系词在从句中作状语, 就用关系副词.☞The house where he lives needs repairing.which/that he lives in他住的房子需要修理.☞Have you asked her for the reason that/which my explain her absence?why she was absent?你是否问过她缺席的原因？②辨别先行词表示的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因.☞I don’t like the man who always speak s ill of others.我不喜欢总是说他人坏话的人.☞I will never forget the days when we worked together.我永远也忘不了我们在一起工作的日子.③判断从句是限制性还是非限制性定语从句.☞A dictionary is a book that gives the meanings of words.词典是解释词语意思的书.☞A dictionary is a book, which gives the meanings of words.词典是一本书, 它给出词语的意思.④判断关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语, 取决于定语从句中的谓语动词.☞This is the point where I disagree.这就是我不同意的地方.(disagree为不及物动词, 故关系词用where.)☞This is the point (which/that) I disagree with.这就是我不同意的地方.(从句缺少介词with的宾语, 用that/which引导, 也可以省略)1.（2016·天津卷）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when【参考答案】D【易错提醒】当先行词是时间名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句，也可以用that或which引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在从句中作何种成分.若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，用when引导；若关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导.如：☛Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状语）☛Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？（that或which作spent的宾语）2. Experiments with domestic dogs, one animal was given a treat and another denied, have shownthat they possess a sense of fairness as they shared their treats.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. which【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查非限定性定语从句.句意：用家犬做试验，试验中一只给了食物，而另一只没有，这表明了它们有一种分享食物的公平感.分析句子结构可知，先行词是Experiments，where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，表示抽象地点，where相当于in which.故选B.考点4限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句一、可以引导非限制性定语从句的引导词大部分可以引导限制性定语从句的关系词也可以引导非限制性定语从句，但是关系代词that和关系副词why通常除外.1. 关系代词which先行词通常是指物的名词或代词，其中先行词还可以是短语或整个句子.☞The villa, which we saw yesterday, is very beautiful.我们昨天看的别墅很漂亮.（which指代the villa）☞Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.汤姆上学总是迟到，这一点令他的老师很生气.（which指代整个主句的内容）2. 关系代词who,whom与whose先行词指人时，who在引导的非限制性定语从句中作主语，whom作宾语，whose作定语.☞Bob’s father, who worked on the project, spent four years in Egypt.鲍勃的父亲从事这项工程，在埃及度过了四年.（who作主语）☞A young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻的印象.（whom作宾语）☞I decided to write about Chaplin, one of whose films I had seen several years before.我决定写有关卓别林的文章，他的一部电影我几年前就看过了.（whose作定语）3. 关系副词when与where关系副词在所引导的非限制性定语从句中作状语，where表示地点，when表示时间.☞Next month, when you’ll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching.下个月即将来临，届时你们将在家乡度暑假.（when指代表示时间的名词短语next month，并作从句的状语.）☞She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends.她要到澳门去居住，在那里她有几个密友.（where指代表示地点的名词Macao，并在从句中作状语.）4. asas可以引导非限制性定语从句，常有＂正如……＂的意思，所引导的从句既可置于主句之前，也可置于主句之后.as多用于固定搭配中：as is known to all众所周知as has been said before如前所说as is often the case情况常常如此as may be imagined这可以想象得出as has been pointed out正如已经指出的那样as often happens这种情况常常发生as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的☞As you know, David is a photographer.=David, as you know, is a photographer.= David is a photographer, as you know.戴维是名摄影师，你是知道的.（as引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容.）【易混辨析】as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别☞As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.众所周知，吸烟有害健康.（as引导定语从句，位于句首，指代整个主句内容）☞Allen has made much progress in English, which delighted us.艾伦英语取得了很大进步，这使我们很高兴.（which引导定语从句，相当于and this，表示因果关系）二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别☞The house, which we bought last month, lies in the center of the city.那套房子位于市中心，是我们上个月买的.（非限制性定语从句，不表明有多少套房子）☞The house (which/that) we bought last month lies in the center of the city.我们上个月买的那套房子位于市中心.（限制性定语从句，暗含＂可能有若干套房子＂之意）1.（2017·新课标卷I·语法填空）Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.【参考答案】 which2.（2017·新课标卷II·短文改错）In their spare time, they are interesting（改为interested） in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.【参考答案】 which【答案解析】非限制性定语从句需要用which引导，故将that改为which.3. （2017·新课标卷III·语法填空）But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.【参考答案】 who【答案解析】考查定语从句.分析句子结构可知， 64 has taken part in shows along with top models 是非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为Sarah，指人，要用who.4.（2016·全国新课标卷I·语法填空）But my connection with pandas goes back 64（to） my dayson a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66（permitted）(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 【参考答案】when【答案解析】考查定语从句.后面是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少状语，又因先行词是时间，故填when.一、定语从句中需注意的问题1. 当先行词为表示方式的the way时，从句不能用how来引导，应用that或in which，或将它们全部省略.2. as引导限制性定语从句时，常用于下列句式中：such＋名词＋as ...＂像……一样的＂；the same＋名词＋as ...＂和……同样的＂.3. 当先行词是time时，若time表示＂次数＂，应用that引导定语从句，并且that可以省略；若time表示＂一段时间＂讲，应用when或＂at/during＋which＂引导定语从句.☞This is the second time(that)the president has visited the country.这是这位总统第二次访问这个国家.☞This is at a time when/during which there were no radios，no telephones or no TV sets.这是在一个没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视的时代.4. 定语从句中的主谓一致当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词的数原则上要与先行词保持一致，但要注意以下几点：先行词是＂one of＋复数名词＂结构时，关系代词引导的定语从句中的谓语动词一般用复数形式；但如有the very，the only，the first，the last，the right等修饰one时，谓语动词用单数.☞This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.这是被问过的最有意思的问题之一.☞She is the only one of the girls who studies hard.她是这些女孩中唯一一个刻苦学习的. 二、定语从句与地点状语从句的区别当定语从句的引导词与地点状语从句的连接词都是where时，定语从句修饰、限制、说明地点名词；而状语从句则说明动作发生的地点，where没有对应的地点名词或代词.☞This is the place where we used to live a few years ago.这就是几年前我们常居住的地方.（定语从句）☞Let’s go where we can find a better job.我们到我们能找到更好工作的地方去吧.（地点状语从句）三、定语从句与强调句型的区别定语从句对名词或代词的修饰和限制，关系词可能是that, which, as, who, but, 另一方面，句子中的It有所指；而强调句型是对某部分加强语气，强调语气的连接词只能是that, who，并且句子中的It 没有任何意义；一般比较明显，而有时就难以区别，还需要根据上下文的语境来判断.It is a book that he wants.它究竟是强调句型还是定语从句，就要从语境上来考察.如果它是用来回答What is this / that? 这样的问题，意思是：它是一本他想要的书.句子显然是定语从句.如果是用来回答What does he want? 这样的问题，那么意思是：他想要的是一本书.显然，句子是强调句型.I.单项填空1.He isn’t such a man _______ he used to be.A. whoB. whomC. thatD.as【答案】D【解析】考查连词.such… as是固定用法，as引导定语从句时，可以作主语，宾语或表语.在本题中as作表语.句意：他不再是以前的那样了.故选D.2.We must be in a place of peace and faith, so internal conflict and disbelief do not hold back _______ it is possible for us to achieve.A. howB. whatC. whyD. where【答案】B3.Actually, there are grammatical mistakes many students make _______ keep them from writing the good compositions.A. whatB. thatC. whoD. whether【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句连词.先行词为“grammatical mistakes”，关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语.grammatical mistakes后面还跟了一个定语从句that/ which many students make.从句中引导词that或which作make的宾语，省去了.句意：事实上，许多学生所犯的语法错误使他们写不出好的作文来.故选B.4.The total number of shared bikes, _______ are easy to rent through smartphone apps, is increasing rapidly.A. whichB. whyC. thatD. who【答案】A5.The death of the closest relatives, _______ almost every one of us has experienced, always makes people feel bitter and unbearable.A. whichB. whoC.asD. the one【答案】C【解析】考查非限定性定语从句.句意：最亲近的亲人的离世，正如几乎每个人都经历过的，总是让人感到痛苦不堪.此处为非限定性定语从句，故C项正确.6.The WFP has launched a new app called Share The Meal, _______ the potential, people believe, is enormous as it allows smart-phone users to make donations with a simple tap on their phone.A. whoseB. thatC. whichD. of which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句.句意：世界粮食计划署已经推出一个新的应用软件叫做Share The Meal，人们相信它的潜力是巨大的，因为它允许智能手机的用户用手机简单的点击就可以捐赠.使用定语从句，先行词是a new app，定语从句中完整表达是the potential of the app，用which引导定语从句，将of提到which 前面.或者是the potential of which.如果用whose，就去掉potential前面的the.故选D.II.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.My local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space I found was convenient, b ut I’d noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while. Since I was in 1 good mood, I let her have it. So I backed into the next available spot — it was a tight fit.Soon I’d made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. 2 (feel) good, I emptied my change purse into the hands of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverseher car(倒车).Just as I approached my car, I saw the woman who I’d let have my car spot 3 (early). She was giving me an odd look —half puzzled, half enthusiastic. I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I squeezed back into my car, I 4 (spot) the same lady looking in at me. "Hello," she said, hesitantly. "This may sound crazy, 5 I was on my way to drop some of my mother’s things off at the charity bins. You are just so much 6 her. You helped those people, I noticed, and you seemed so happy." She looked at me 7 (mean), and passed a box in through the window. "I think she would like you to have it." 8 (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.After a pause, I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was the 9 (nice) gift I’d ever received, and it was from a complete stranger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm 10 (remind) of human kindness.【文章大意】我在超市停车时，主动把停车位让给一个女士.出乎意外的是，她赠送给我一条她母亲戴过的金项链.这份意外的礼物时刻提醒我多做善事.1.a【解析】考查习惯搭配中的冠词.此处存在习惯搭配in a good mood，意为"心情好"，故本空填不定冠词a.2.Feeling3.earlier【解析】考查副词的比较级.此处表示我看见我早些时候让给她车位的那位女士，故填early的比较级earlier，意为"早些时候，先前".4.spotted【解析】考查时态.句中的时间状语从句"As I squeezed back into my car"表明本空应用一般过去时. 5.but【解析】考查连词.空格前后两句话之间为转折关系，故填表示转折关系的连词but.6.like【解析】考查介词.此处表示你和她做事风格非常像，因此本空填like.7.meaningfully【解析】考查词性转换.分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰动词，故填副词meaningfully"意味深长地".8.Shocked【解析】考查非谓语动词.分析句子结构可知，此处应用过去分词作状语，表示主语的状态.此外，根据语境"我感到意外，不由自主地从她手中接过这条金项链"也可推断出，此处应填shocked，注意首字母大写.9.nicest【解析】考查形容词最高级.此处表示这是我收到过的最好的礼物.根据前面的the并结合语境可知，此处应用nice的最高级nicest.10.reminder【解析】考查词性转换.分析句子结构可知，此处形容词warm修饰名词，故填名词reminder.I.单项填空1. She is looking forward to the day her daughter wins the gold medal in the Olympics.A.howB.whichC.whenD.where【答案】C2. Some citizens will attend a meeting to be held by our city government, the opinions can be voicedfreely there.A.of whichB.of whomC.in whichD.in whom【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句.句意：一些市民将参加我们市政府举行的一个会议，在那里他们可以自由地发表他们的见解.空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为citizens.在此the opinions of whom相当于whose opinions.3. He is commonly regarded as a funny man rather than as a reformer , at bottom, he is.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句.句意：他通常被认为是个滑稽的人而非一个改革者，但他实际上就是一个改革者.分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，指代先行词a reformer，并在定语从句中充当表语，故用that.4. It was funny that he should have told such a funny story made everyone present burst into laughter.A.asB.thatC.whichD.what【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句.句意：真怪，他竟然讲了那样一个让在场的每一个人都放声大笑的滑稽故事.分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，若先行词被the same， such等词修饰或其前有so+形容词+不定冠词，其后的定语从句需用as引导.此题考生易错选that.such...that...中，that引导的是结果状语从句，且在句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分；而分析该题的句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，故应用as.试比较：It is such a difficult problem that none of us can work it out. 这个问题如此难以至于我们中没有一个人能解出它.(that引导结果状语从句，在从句中不作成分)It is such a difficult problem as none of us can work out. 这是一个我们所有人都解不出的难题.(as引导定语从句，且在从句中作宾语)5. I will go to Paris to attend an exhibition many world-famous companies will present their latestproducts.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.whose【答案】C6. _________is generally believed, it is human activities that have contributed to the global warming.A.AsB.ThatC.WhatD.It【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句.句意：人们普遍认为，正是人类活动导致了全球变暖.As在此引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容,并在定语从句中充当主语.II.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.Today I went in the melting snow to visit my 82-year-old friend. She needed help with her computer, so I went in for a computer repair and a chat. 1 I only managed to fix half of the problem, we had a lovely chat, and she presented me with some 2 (tradition) Portuguese cakes, called Queijadas de Sintra. She said a friend had posted 3 to her.Then we went to town to do some shopping. On the way back, I noticed a newly-opened coffee shop 4 (name) “Anglo-Milanese”, appealing to me. Being a fan of Italy and 5 (stay) in Milan a couple of years. I couldn’t help going to investigate. Once inside I noticed that people running the place were, in fact, Italian, so I placed my order 6 Italian and from then on we just started as if we 7 (know) each other for a lifetime.It was wonderful. 8 coffee shop is owned by four friends, two English people and two Italians. I ended up sharing my Queijadas Sintra with them 9 they loved the cakes very much. The lovely lady 10 sent those delicious cakes from Portugal could never have imagined that her gift would reach so far and make so many people smile.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了作者偶遇意大利人开的咖啡店，并且为此而开心的故事.1. Although/Though2. traditional【解析】考查形容词.形容词traditional（传统的）作定语，修饰名词cake，意思是“传统的葡萄牙蛋糕”，故填traditional.3. them【解析】考查代词.此处的them指代上文的traditional Portuguese cakes，作动词posted的宾语，故填them.4. named。

2019年高考英语定语从句真题汇编(名师精选全国真题+实战训练，建议下载练习)【定语从句真题演练】1. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when2. It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages..A. asB. whereC. thatD. which3. He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half of____ were published in the 1990s.A. whomB. whichC. themD. that4. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. who5. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.A. whichB. whereC. whomD. when6. China Today attracts a worldwide readership,_______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. which7. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______school education depends.A. itB. thatC. whoseD. which8. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ______ my classmates recommended to me.A.whoB. whichC. whenD. Where9. A company ______profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.A. whichB. whoseC. whoD. why10. I now, we have raised 50.000 pounds for the poor children, ______ is quite unexpected.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. it11. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work________ a good impression is a must.A. whichB. whenC. asD. where12. The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.A. WhenB. whereC. whyD. which13. I don’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, ______ I went up to rescuea kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.A. whenB. whereC. whichD. why14. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ____ are family members.A．them B．that C．which D. whom15. _____is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.A. ItB. ThatC. WhatD. As一、定语从句定义及相关术语1、定语从句在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。

专题十定语从句（强基讲义）——新高考英语一轮复习距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附靠前30天复习方法。

语法图解一、引导定语从句的关系词1．引导定语从句的常用关系词的用法关系词指代对象在从句中所作成分关系代词Who 指人主、宾、表Whom 指人宾which 指物主、宾、表that 既指人又指物主、宾、表whose 既指人又指物定as 既指人又指物主、宾、表关系副词when 指时间时间状语where 指地点地点状语例句：Is he the boy who/that survived in the earthquake?他就是那个在地震中幸存的男孩吗？He lives in a big house whose window faces the sea.他住在一座窗户朝向大海的大房子里。

I often thought of my childhood when I lived on a farm.我经常回想起我的童年，那时我住在一个农场里。

2019高考英语定语从句（语法填空版）(WORD版本真题试卷+名师解析答案，建议下载练习)一：填空题1)Because of my poor memory, all ________ you told me has been forgotten2)Do you remember those days ________ we spent along the seashore very happily?3)Those ________ want to go please sign their names here4)Who is the woman ________ is sweeping the floor over there?5)The man ________ you are going to make friends is my father's neighbor6)Finally, the thief handed over everything ________ he had stolen to the police7)This is the very letter ________came last night8)This is the factory ________ we worked a year ago9)Jack is pleased with what you have given him and all ________ you have told him10)Do you work near the building ________ color is yellow?11)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ________ came as a surprise12)They stayed with me three weeks, ________ they drank all the wine I had13)The room ________ Mr White lives is not very large14)I've finished writing the novel, ________ is to be published next month15)He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ________ was unexpected16)The old man had three sons, all of ________ died during World War Ⅱ17)I have bought two pens, both of ________ write well18)Do you know the reason ________ she has changed her mind?19)________ may be imagined, he succeeded in the exam20)We should read such books ________ will make us better and wiser21)It is the first time ________ I have come to your city22)Who ________ has the same idea as it will do it in this way23)I shall never forget those years __ I lived in the country with the farmers, has a effect on my life24)This is the only book ________ I can find25)This is the only one of the students ________ handwriting is beautiful26)You must show my wife the same respect ________ you show me27)The reason _____ I got a job was because of my hard work28)The reason_______ he gave to me was unconvincing29)He was generous with his time, _______ _______ I was grateful30)We went to see our teacher _______ husband lost his life in the earthquake31)The next day people put up shelters in the open air made with anything ________ they could find32)The parts of town ________ _______ they had to live were decided by white people33)The time _______ I arrived was the th of August34)______ is known to all, the moon travels round the earth35)Those _____ want to go please sign your names36)I’d like to live in a country _______there is plenty of sunshine37)I still remember the night _______I first came to the house38)I'll never forget the day________ wemet each other last week39)Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there40)I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family41)I'll never forget the last day______ we spent together42)This is the school ______I used to study43)Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?44)Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition?45)Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_____ is famous for the West Lake?46)Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake?47)Tom will go to Shanghai,______ live his two brothers48)I live in Beijing,____ is the capital of China49)There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA50)It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake51)It was in the street _____I met John yesterday52)It was about years ago____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was mad The moment_____I saw you, I recognized(认出)you53)This is the very novel about____ we've talked so much54)This is the way____ he did it55)Who is the student _____was late for school today?56)Who _____knows him wants to make friends with him?57)What else was there in my brother____ you didn't like?58)He lives in the room____ window faces to the south59)He lives in the room, the window_____ faces to the south60)This is Mr John for____ son I brought a book yesterday61)This is Mr John for_____ I bought a book yesterday62)This is the hour_____ the place is always full of women and children63)And there is one point ______I'd like your advice64)Winter is the time of year______ the days are short and nights are long65)I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place____ you may spend your weekend参考答案that which/that who that with whom that that where that whose which during which where/in which which which/aswhom which why As as that that when; which that．whose as, why , that/ which , for which , whose , that , in which , when , As , who , wherewhen which that/which that where that/which where which wherewhere which when that that that (that) which (that/in which) thatthat that whose of which whose whom when that that where。

2019 年高考英语基础知识复习-定语从句一、定语从句1. 定语从句三步：第一找出先行词;第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);第三选择合适的关联词。

2. 定语从句在选择关连词that 与which 时，常常容易出错，所以应记住什么时候只能用that ，什么时候只能用which.(1).只能用that 的情况归纳 4 种：即先得词被序数词最高级修饰过;先行词为all 、everything 、nothing 等不定代词;先行词同时是人和物并列时;最后先行词分别被the only 、the very the same 、the last 修饰。

请看下列四组例句，注意其先行词：①.The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan .②.I t almost seemed as if the good man were trying to teach us allthat he knew at this lesson .③.Later my father and Mr.Crosset talked for about half an four ofthings and persons that they remembered in school.④.This is the very dictionary that I want to find .(2).只用which is 情况有两种情况：一是非限制性定语从句，关连词要用which; 二是做介词宾语时只能用which 。

请看下列两组例句：I said nothing , which made him more angry .I have the book about which you are talking .从句的非限制性定语中，which 和as 是容易混淆的。

在很多三、在定语：情况下两者兼可互换，但在下列情况中不可互换1、通常As 可以放在整句的句首，而which ，只能在逗号之后，as 本身语从句中既可是主语也可做宾含有“正如”，as 在定语As appear from her paper ,she has read widely in Romanticliterature.She is remarkable, as I have told you .2、which 在做非限制性定语从句关联词时可以无明确先行词，指前句整个的意思，如：she has warried again,which surprises us .从句中，许多人往往分不清all that 和what,what实际上只四、在定语性从句，它相当于all that 两个字，例如：引导名词All that I know is that he has made up his mind to heave the countryfor a new place.明种先行关联例句说类词词定人或whose The professor whose daughter whose 在从句语物的teaches you English is Dr.中做定语从Williams指某人的也可句那位教授是威廉斯他的女儿教你以用⋯英语。

高考英语定语从句讲解高考英语定语从句讲解定语从句在高考英语中的重要性主要体现在完形、阅读和写作中，因此，能否较好的掌握定语从句直接关系到你英语成绩的拔高。

接下来，店铺为你分享高考英语定语从句讲解，希望对你有帮助。

高考英语定语从句讲解一. 定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

高考英语定语从句讲解二. 引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。

关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

高考英语定语从句讲解三. 定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。

限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。

非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

高考英语定语从句讲解四. 关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。

在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。

作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。

例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。

(that作主语)The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。

(that作宾语)2.which用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。

作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。

例如：The building which stands near the train station is asupermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。

(作主语)The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。

法宝05 定语从句距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

目录一............... 考点汇总二............... 知识梳理三............... 真题回顾四............... 名校模拟题I. 定语从句起形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。

被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。

Ⅱ. as与which的区别：Ⅲ. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：一、考点聚焦1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。

高考英语定语从句精讲定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。

在句子中起定语作用的从句称为定语从句。

定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。

被定语从句修饰的名词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

二关系词的用法。

关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系词指代先行词，放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又充当定语从句中的某一种成分（主语、宾语、状语等）。

引导定语从句的关系代词有"at，who，whom，whose，which;关系副词有when，where，why等。

关系词在句子中的指代作用及成分如下表1.关系代词的用法(1)who, whom的用法二者都用于指人。

who在定语从句中作主语、宾语;whom在定语从句中作宾语。

在现代英语里，有时who也可代替whom在从句中作宾语。

作宾语的关系代词who，whom可以省略(介词后作宾语的关系代词除外）。

She wasthe one who did most of the talking。

大部分时间都是她在说话。

（作主语） The boy who I know studies best in his class.我认识的那个男孩在班上学习最好。

（作宾语）I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to know at a party.我碰巧遇见了那位在一次聚会上认识的教授。

（作宾语，whom可用who 代替) whom在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom前面时，不能用who 代替。

Yesterday I came across a few friends with whom I went to the park.昨天我碰见了几个朋友，我和他们一起去了公园。

（句中的whom不能用who 代替）(2)whose的用法whose可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语。

定语从句用法详解英语句子中用来修饰名词、代词或句子的从句叫做定语从句。

定语从句在句子中的作用相当于形容词，因此也被称为形容词性从句，它可以用来修饰一个名词或代词，也可用来修饰句子中的某个短语，甚至整个句子。

1.被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。

2.引导定语从句的词被称为关系词，它包括关系代词和关系副词两种。

I 定语从句中关系词的分类及用法关系词不仅在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，而且作从句中的一个成分。

II定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句和间隔式定语从句。

1.限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰、限制与确定的作用，若去掉它，先行词便不能明确表示其所指对象，因此，限制性定语从句和它的先行词所指意义有着不可分割的联系，不能用逗号与先行词隔开。

1）He has two sons who work in the same company.他有两个在同一家公司工作的儿子。

2）I'll never forget the day when we first met each other.我将永远忘不了我们初次见面的那一天。

3）This is the factory where/in which I worked ten years ago.这是我十年前工作过的工厂。

2.非限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句对先行词或主句起补充说明的作用，即使省去也不影响主句的语义完整性。

非限制性定语从句与先行词或主句之间常用逗号隔开。

Yesterday Jimmy left for Canada, where he had stayed for two years.昨天吉米动身到加拿大去了，他曾在那儿呆过两年。

We have three foreign teachers, two of whom are from America.我们有三个外教，其中两个来自美国。

定语从句基础巩固Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．AfterlivinginAustraliaformanyyears，Louisefinallyreturnedtothecountryshewasborn.2．Anothersayingwhichhascomefromthefableis“Godhelpsthosehelpthemselves.”3．Hisintereststartedafewyearsago，hewasincollegeandstudyingwildlifescience. 4．Therearemanygoodwebsitesyoucancheckoutthelatestinthescienceworld.5．Untilnow，wehaveraised3,000poundsforthepoorchildren，isquiteunexpected. 6．Wearelookingforwardtothedayourteamcanbeattheotherteaminthefinalmatch. 7．Acompanyprofitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad. 8．Theoldprofessor，childrenarestudyingabroad，isleadinganactivelife.9．Thehard-workinggirlwasadmittedtoakeyuniversity，wehadexpected. 10．Theoldscientist，wasborninShandong，hasmadeagreatachievementinhisfield.Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)11．It’sablacksquaresuitcase，whatisjustasbigasaschoolbag. 12．MarycametoChinawithherparents，whomtaughtEnglishinauniversity. 13．Ablogwillbeopenedonthewebsiteofourschool，thataimstohelpstudentstocommunicatebetter.14．IhaveanAmericanfriend，Marianne，shelivesalonebuthasapetdog，Sparky. 15．AltogetherIhadfiveroommates，twoofwhicharrivedlater.16．First，theplacewherewe’vedecidedtovisit—theForestParkisnotfarawayfromthecity.17．People’shealthisharmedoncetheytakeinthesegases，whatmaycauseaseriesofdiseases.18．Thedaybeforeyesterday，Iwenttothelargestbookstorewhereisnearourschooltobuyabook. 19．Theproductsareprovidedforourschoolcanteen，whichwecanenjoyahealthydiet.忍别人所不能忍受的痛，吃别人所不能吃的苦，是为了收获别人得不到的收获！加油！！！忍别人所不能忍受的痛，吃别人所不能吃的苦，是为了收获别人得不到的收获！加油！！！忍别人所不能120．Thatisoftenthecase，Sallylookedinherdiary，andsaidwecouldgettogetherforlunch.技法总结在语法填空中解答定语从句类题目，首先要找准先行词，分析句子结构以确定从句所缺的成分，如果缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，引导词需要用关系代词；如果缺少状语，引导词则用关系副词。