最新-2018年大学英语四六级必备宝典(精华版) 精品

本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==201X年12月英语四六级备考必备技巧如何备考英语的四六级考试呢，下面小编为大家精心搜集了关于英语四六级备考的必备技巧，欢迎大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到大家!听力技巧：Tips一、女士保留原则做题做多了，我们应该了解西方人的思维方式，当对话中出现女士的建议和要求时，我们一定要注意，这时女士说出来的话很可能就是正确选项的异意!因为女士经常以女神的形象出面，她们代表的是美好、正面、阳光的信息!二、概括、抽象保留原则当选项中出现比较概括、抽象的句子时，这时我们就要把表述事实的、具体的句子划掉，而去选择比较概括、抽象、比较性的句子!此原则可衍生出一个包含取大的原则，在作题时应用也是十分的广泛，一般当两个选项的意思接近时，表述比较全面的一般为正确选项!三、态度和虚拟保留原则这两种方法一般无单独命题的规律性，只是作为上述四种宏观方法的辅助方法出现，当只剩下两个选项时，通常正态度的选项容易是正确答案，表虚拟的选项更容易是正确答案。

四、相关保留原则当选项中有两项表达意思相近时，那么正确答案必在这两项之中!这时只需稍微听一听对话，即可知答案，如果出现了双重相关，便可直接确认正确选项，只需听完对话加之认证一下即可!五、异项保留原则当选项中出现有意思明显相反的两项时，那么正确答案必在此二项中出现!如果出现双重异项，那么即可判断出正确答案，异项保留原则在六级考试听力短对话中应用广泛!翻译技巧：Tips一、注意时态汉语当中多主动，英语当中多被动。

二、注意用词翻译重点考察语言的应用能力，所以在考试时，应尽量避免使用一些过于简单的词汇，而应选择一些更高级的词汇。

比如"have to"可以换成"be obliged to"，"help to"可以换成"contribute to"。

本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==英语四六级考试高频词汇导语：对于英语四六级的考试也渐渐的到来，大家有没有做好准备呢?下面就让小编来给大家准备一些高频词汇，给大家进行一个简单的记忆。

1频率出现七次的词汇case 意义 n.事例,实例,事实,情况;病例;案件;箱,盒,套;手提箱【搭配】 a case in point 有关的事例,例证 a case in point 恰当的例子in any case 无论如何,不管怎样 in case 假使,以防(引导虚拟语气)sum up the case 概括事实 in case of 假如,如果发生;防备in no case 无论如何不,决不 in this/that case 如果这样.那样的话a case of measles 麻疹病例 appeal a case 申述pack a case 装箱 in the case of就…..来说,至于as the case may be 看情况，根据具体情况【辨析】 case 事实,事例,情况,其可笼统地指一个完整的论题,也可表典型的事例,也可用于表医学上的病例或法律上的案例. instance 为正式用词,指从事实中援引单独事例,隐含其典型性重难点语法规则：in case意为“假使;免得，以防(万一)”。

In case引导的从句可以用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气，虚拟形式为should+动词原形【真题】 I was advised to arrange forinsurance _____I needed medical treatment.答案 A)nevertheless B) although C)in case D)so that CI left for the office earlier thanusual this morning_________traffic jam.答案 A)in line with B)for the sake of C)in case of D)at the riskof CWe left the manager a note________ hewanted to know where we were.答案 A)if B)in case C)so that D)unless BThe lawyer advised him to drop_________,since he stands little chance to win.答案 A)event B)incident C)case D)affair Craise 意义 vt.举起、提高、提升;筹集、征集;唤起、引起;养育、饲养、种植;提升，增加(工资)【搭配】raise one’s hand 举手raise one’s hat to sb. 向某人举帽致敬raise doubts in people’s minds 引起人们的怀疑 raise a child 养育孩子raise farm/corps 饲养 raise funds筹集资金raise salaries 增加薪水 raise standards of service 提高服务水平【辨析】 raiselift raise 多指由低处垂直举往高处，不一定费力 lift 指用力或机械把重物提高到较高的位置 risearisearouse rise v.上升 arise v.发生 arouse v.激发起【真题】 Though______in San Francisco, DaveMitchell had always preferredto record the plain facts of small-town life.答案 A)raised B)grown C)developed D)cultivated A2频率出现六次的词汇extend 意义 vt.延伸;扩展、扩大;提供、给予;vi.伸展、延伸;(在范围或应用上)达到构词 ex(向外)+tend(伸展) 变形 extension. n.伸出、伸展;延长部分;电话分机 extensive a. 广大的、广阔的;广泛的 intensive a.加强的，深入细致的【搭配】extensive knowledge广博的知识 to extendcredit/visa 延长信贷限期/签证 extensive reading 泛读 extensive discussion 广泛的讨论【辨析】 enlarge expand enlarge v.扩大，放大 expand v.使膨胀，扩张 extend lengthen prolongextend 指直线状的伸展，引申指扩大势力、范围。

长难句分析最佳方法就是找到动词。

每个英文句子只能有一个动词，其他的成分都是围绕这个动词存在，如果用两个或者更多，只能是从句或者并列结构。

这样再难再长的句子都可以看出其所要表述的意思。

单词量是根本，只能多记。

临时用于增加词汇量的方法错误或不当前缀mis- mal- pseudo-表示向背的前缀pro- anti-pro表示程度的前缀arch- super- ultra-首","大","总","第一" 超级非常over- under- mini- semi-半时间前缀pre- fore- post-前预先之后表示方位sub- inter- trans-下间穿通1、误用这是短文改错中出现频率较高也是比较有特色的一种错误类型，这类错误必须在透彻理解上下文语义的基础上才能发现并改正。

比较常见的错误有：a、派生反义词directly-indirectly。

b、little-much。

2、连接词误用连接词的错误虽然是属于传统的语法题范畴，但其用法主要根据上下文语义上的逻辑关系，也就是上下文的理解。

连接词有很多种，有并列连词，如and, but, or等，主从连词，如because, if, after等，以及其他连接介词和副词，如however, despite等。

3、指代错误这一般考查的是代词的指代，在文章当中如果说出现了代词，那么代词所指代的对象在前文中一定是出现过的，否则就会出现指代不清，所以出现代词时候，我们要注意它所指代的对象的单复数是否与代词一致。

当然同时还要注意区分主格和宾格。

4、介词错误这是改错中最常见的一种错误，当然这也包括一些用法搭配上的错误，这种错误在历年的考试当中出现的频率非常高。

5、名词和冠词的错误最近比较经常考查名词的错误的是关于名词的单复数问题。

6、非谓语动词非谓语动词分为三类：不定式、动名词和分词。

其中分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，其特点是：不定式、动名词和分词可以做很多句子成分，但就是不能单独做谓语，这也是它们被称为“非谓语动词”的原因。

2019年大学英语四六级必备宝典本文档主要分为两部分，前半部分是cet6，后半部分是cet4。

.CET6资料大全（很实用噢）.................................. 错误!未定义书签。

六级在考试内容方面与与四级的区别 .. (64)CET-4资料大全（完整版） (146)英语四六级考试题型：计分规则2019年上半年大学英语六级考试将在6月18日15：00-17：20举行，下半年将在12月17日15：00-17：20举行，为了帮助大家有效的报考复习，考试大外语站点编辑收集整理了相关信息供大家参考，希望对大家有所帮助，考试大祝大家顺利通过考试！六级考试各部分测试内容、题型和所占分值比例如表所示：写作：33分--条理不清、思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。

39分--基本切题。

表达思想不清楚连贯性差。

有较多严重的语言错误。

45分--基本切题。

有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。

57分--切题。

表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。

67分--切题。

表达思想清楚，文字通顺。

连贯性较好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。

文字不足酌情扣分：100-119扣1分;90-99扣3分;80-89扣4分;70-79扣5分;60-69扣6分;50-59扣7分;不足50扣9分。

听力：听力理解共35个，包括短对话、长对话、短文听力及短文听写：听力对话及短文听力共25题，每1题算1个，共25个;短文听写共11题，其中单词听写8题，每2题算1个，句子听写共2题，每1题算2个，共10个。

阅读：阅读理解共35个，包括快速阅读，篇章词汇或短句问答，篇章阅读：快速阅读共10题，每1题算1个，共10个;篇章词汇每2个空算1个，短句问答共5题或8题，每1题算1个或0.625个，共5个;篇章阅读共10题，每1题算2个，共20个。

综合：综合测试共15个，包括完形或改错，翻译。

文档下载后可编辑2018年四级高频词汇一天记30个词汇，经过一个月的突击努力，将会使你的词汇学习更加有的放矢，词汇积累过程就会相应缩短，少走弯路，避免无效的重复。

1.alter v. 改变，改动，变更2.burst vi.,n. 突然发生，爆裂3.dispose vi. 除掉；处置；解决；处理(of)4.blast n. 爆炸；气流vi. 炸，炸掉5.consume v. 消耗，耗尽6.split v. 劈开；割裂；分裂a.裂开的7.spit v. 吐（唾液等）；唾弃8.spill v. 溢出，溅出，倒出9.slip v. 滑动，滑落；忽略10.slide v. 滑动，滑落n. 滑动；滑面；幻灯片11.bacteria n. 细菌12.breed n. 种，品种v. 繁殖，产仔13.budget n. 预算v. 编预算，作安排14.candidate n. 候选人15.campus n. 校园16.liberal a. 慷慨的；丰富的；自由的17.transform v. 转变，变革；变换18.transmit v. 传播，播送；传递19.transplant v. 移植20.transport vt. 运输，运送n. 运输，运输工具21.shift v. 转移；转动；转变22.vary v. 变化，改变；使多样化23.vanish vi. 消灭，不见24.swallow v. 吞下，咽下n. 燕子25.suspicion n. 怀疑，疑心26.suspicious a. 怀疑的，可疑的d a. 温暖的，暖和的；温柔的，味淡的28.tender a. 温柔的；脆弱的29.nuisance n. 损害，妨害，讨厌（的人或事物）30.insignificant a. 无意义的，无足轻重的；无价值的31.accelerate vt. 加速，促进32.absolute a. 绝对的，无条件的；完全的33.boundary n. 分界线，边界34.brake n. 刹车，制动器v. 刹住（车）35.catalog n. 目录（册）v. 编目36.vague a. 模糊的，不明确的37.vain n. 徒劳，白费38.extinct a. 绝灭的，熄灭的39.extraordinary a. 不平常的，特别的，非凡的40.extreme a. 极度的，极端的n. 极端，过分41.agent n. 代理人，代理商；动因，原因42.alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料，酒精43.appeal n./vi. 呼吁，恳求44.appreciate vt. 重视，赏识，欣赏45.approve v. 赞成，同意，批准46.stimulate vt. 刺激，激励47.acquire vt. 取得，获得；学到48.accomplish vt .完成，到达；实行work n. 网状物；广播网，电视网；网络50.tide n. 潮汐；潮流51.tidy a. 整洁的，整齐的52.trace vt. 追踪，找到n. 痕迹，踪迹53.torture n./vt. 拷打，折磨54.wander vi. 漫游，闲逛55.wax n. 蜡56.weave v. 织，编57.preserve v. 保护，保存，保持，维持61. abuse v. 滥用，虐待；谩骂62. academic a. 学术的；高等院校的；研究院的63. academy n. （高等）专科院校；学会64. battery n. 电池（组）65. barrier n. 障碍；棚栏66. cargo n. （船、飞机等装载的）货物67. career n. 生涯，职业68. vessel n. 船舶；容器，器皿；血管69. vertical a. 垂直的70. oblige v. 迫使，责成；使感激71. obscure a. 阴暗，模糊72. extent n. 程度，范围，大小，限度73. exterior n. 外部，外表a. 外部的，外表的74. external a. 外部的，外表的，外面的75. petrol n. 汽油76. petroleum n. 石油77. delay vt./n. 推迟，延误，耽搁78. decay vi. 腐烂，腐朽79. decent a. 像样的，体面的80. route n. 路；路线；航线81. ruin v. 毁坏，破坏n. 毁灭，[pl.]废墟82. sake n. 缘故，理由83. satellite n. 卫星84. scale n. 大小，规模；等级；刻度85. temple n. 庙宇86. tedious a. 乏味道，单调的，87. tend vi.易于，趋向88. tendency n.趋向，趋势89. ultimate a. 极端的，最大的，最终的n. 极端90. undergo v. 经历，遭受91. abundant a. 丰富的，充裕的，大量的92. adopt v. 收养；采用；采纳93. adapt vi. 适应，适合；改编，改写vt. 使适应94. bachelor n. 学士，学士学位；单身汉95. casual a. 偶然的，碰巧的；临时的；非正式的96. trap n. 陷阱，圈套v. 设陷阱捕捉97. vacant a. 空的，未占用的98. vacuum n. 真空，真空吸尘器99. oral a. 口头的，口述的，口的100. optics n. （单、复数同形）光学101. organ n. 器官，风琴102. excess n. 过分，过量，过剩103. expel v. 驱逐，开除，赶出104. expend v. 消费105. expenditure n. 支出，消费；经费106. expense n. 开销，费用107. expensive a. 花钱多的；价格高贵的108. expand v. 扩大，扩张；展开，膨胀109. expansion n. 扩大，扩充；发展，膨胀110. private a. 私人的，个人的111. individual a. 个别的，单独的n. 个人，个体112. personal a. 个人的，私人的；亲自的114. personnel n. [总称]人员，员工；人事部门115. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋116. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋117. the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋118. the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋119. grant vt. 授予，同意，准予119. grand a. 宏伟大，壮丽的，重大的120. invade v. 侵入，侵略，侵袭121. acid n. 酸，酸性物质a. 酸的；尖刻的122. acknowledge v. 承认；致谢123. balcony n. 阳台124. calculate vt. 计算，核算125. calendar n. 日历，月历126. optimistic a. 乐观127. optional a. 可以任选的，非强制的128. outstanding a. 杰出的，突出的，显著的129. export n. 出口（物）v. 出口，输出130. import n. 进口（物）v. 进口，输入131. impose vt. 把...加强(on)；采用，利用132. religion n. 宗教，宗教信仰133. religious a. 宗教的134. victim n. 牺牲品，受害者135. video n. 电视，视频a. 电视的，录像的136. videotape n. 录像磁带v. 把...录在录像带上137. offend v. 冒犯，触犯138. bother v. 打搅，麻烦139. interfere v. 干涉，干扰，妨碍140. internal a. 内部的，国内的141. beforehand ad. 预先，事先142. racial a. 人种的种族的143. radiation n. 放射物，辐射144. radical a.根本的；激进的145. range n. 幅度，范围v. （在某范围内）变动146. wonder n. 惊奇，奇迹v. 想知道，对...感到疑惑147. isolate vt. 使隔离，使孤立148. issue n. 问题，争论点；发行，（报刊）一期149. hollow a. 空的，中空的，空虚道150. hook n. 钩vt. 钩住151. adequate a. 适当地；足够152. adhere vi. 粘附，附着；遵守，坚持153. ban vt. 取缔，禁止154. capture vt. 俘虏，捕获155. valid a. 有效的，有根据的；正当的156. valley n. 山谷，峡谷157. consistent a. 坚固定；一致的，始终如一的158. continuous a. 继续的，连续（不断）的159. continual a. 不断地，频繁的160. explode v. 爆炸；爆发；激增161. exploit v. 剥削；利用，开采162. explore v. 勘探163. explosion n. 爆炸；爆发；激增164. explosive a. 爆炸的；极易引起争论的165. remote a. 遥远的，偏僻的166. removal n. 除去，消除167. render vt. 使得，致使167. render 解释比较长，可要仔细体会啊！1. render sth(for sth) ；rendersth (to sb) give sth in return,or exchange,or as sth which is due 给予某物作为报偿或用以交换；回报；归还render homage,obedience,allegiance,etc.表示敬意、顺从、效忠等：a reward for services rendered 服务的酬金render good for evil 以德报怨render insult for insult 以侮辱对侮辱render sb a service/render a service to sb 为某人服务render help to disaster victims 向灾民提供援助render thanks to God 感谢上帝2. present or send in (an account)for payment 递交或开出（帐单）：account rendered $50 开出50美元的帐单3. cause (sb/sth) to be in a certain condition 使（某人[某事物]）处于某种状况：rendered helpless by an accident 因出事故而束手无策Your action had rendered our contract invalid.你们的这种做法导致双方的合同失败。

2012年大学英语四六级必备宝典本文档主要分为两部分，前半部分是cet6，后半部分是cet4。

.CET6资料大全（很实用噢）................................. 错误!未定义书签。

六级在考试内容方面与与四级的区别 (112)CET-4资料大全（完整版） (193)英语四六级考试题型：计分规则2011年上半年大学英语六级考试将在6月18日15：00-17：20举行，下半年将在12月17日15：00-17：20举行，为了帮助大家有效的报考复习，考试大外语站点编辑收集整理了相关信息供大家参考，希望对大家有所帮助，考试大祝大家顺利通过考试！六级考试各部分测试内容、题型和所占分值比例如表所示：写作：33分--条理不清、思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。

39分--基本切题。

表达思想不清楚连贯性差。

有较多严重的语言错误。

45分--基本切题。

有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。

57分--切题。

表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。

67分--切题。

表达思想清楚，文字通顺。

连贯性较好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。

文字不足酌情扣分：100-119扣1分;90-99扣3分;80-89扣4分;70-79扣5分;60-69扣6分;50-59扣7分;不足50扣9分。

听力：听力理解共35个，包括短对话、长对话、短文听力及短文听写：听力对话及短文听力共25题，每1题算1个，共25个;短文听写共11题，其中单词听写8题，每2题算1个，句子听写共2题，每1题算2个，共10个。

阅读：阅读理解共35个，包括快速阅读，篇章词汇或短句问答，篇章阅读：快速阅读共10题，每1题算1个，共10个;篇章词汇每2个空算1个，短句问答共5题或8题，每1题算1个或0.625个，共5个;篇章阅读共10题，每1题算2个，共20个。

综合：综合测试共15个，包括完形或改错，翻译。

可编辑修改精选全文完整版高频短语：1.with the booming of the economy 随着经济的繁荣2.with the remarkable improvement of people’s living standard 随着人民生活水平的显著提高3.advanced science and technology 先进的科学技术4.add much spice/flavor to our daily life 为我们的日常生活增添了情趣5.it is commonly believed that…人们普遍认为6.I give my vote to the former/latter opinion 我同意前者（后者）观点7.Sth. has aroused wide public concern. / Sth.has drawn extensive publicattention. 引起了广泛的公众关注8. It is undeniable that…不可否认9. a heated discussion/ debate 热烈的讨论10. a controversial issue 有争议性的问题11. as far as I am concerned, /Personally 就我个人而言12. be supported by sound reasons 有充分的理由支持13. argument on both sides 双方的观点14. play an increasingly important role in…发挥日益重要的作用15. be indispensable to…对…必不可少16. As the proverb goes: 正如谚语所说17. exert positive/ negative effects on…对…产生有利/不利的影响18. The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages 利远大于弊19. lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in 导致，引起20. a complicated social phenomenon 复杂的社会现象21. sense of responsibility/ achievement 责任感/成就感22. sense of competition and cooperation 竞争与合作精神23. widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision 开阔眼界24. acquire knowledge and skills 学习知识和技能25. financial burden/ psychological burden 经济/心理负担26. take many factors into consideration 考虑到诸多因素27. from another perspective 从另一个角度28. make joint efforts 做出共同的努力29. be beneficial to/ be conducive to…对…有益30. make contribution to the society 为社会做贡献31. lay a solid foundation for…打下坚实的基础32. Admittedly, 应当承认、33. comprehensive quality 综合素质34. be committed/ devoted to…致力于/投身于35. unshakable duty 不可推卸的义务36. satisfy/ meet the needs of…满足需求37. a reliable source of information 可靠的信息源38. valuable natural resources 宝贵的自然资源39. the Internet 因特网40. convenient and efficient 方便快捷41. in all aspects of human life 在人类生活的方方面面42. environmentally friendly materials 环保的材料43. a symbol of society progress 社会进步的体现44. Sth has greatly facilitated people’s lives 大大方便了人们的生活45. hold different attitudes towards this issue 对这一问题持有不同的态度46. to some extent 在一定程度上47. integrate theory with practice 理论和实践相结合48. an irresistible trend of……必然趋势49. the increasingly keen social competition 日益激烈的社会竞争50. immediate interest/ short-term interest 眼前利益51. long-term interest 长远利益52. …has its own merits and demerits/ pros and cons …有其自身的优缺点53. do harm to/ harmful to/ be detrimental to 对…有害54. exchange ideas/ emotions/ information 交流思想/情感/信息55. keep pace with/ keep abreast with the latest development of 跟上…的最新发展56. the healthy development of ……的健康发展57. attach great importance to…重视58. social status 社会地位59. focus one’s time and energy on…把时间和精力放在…60. expand one’s scope of knowledge 扩大知识面61. both physically and mentally 身心两方面62. be directly/ indirectly related to…有直接/ 间接关系63. give rise to/ lead to/ spell various problems 导致很多问题64. 可以代替think的词：believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold theopinion/ believe/ view65. relieve stress/ burden 缓解压力/ 减轻负担66. …give (top) priority to sth 优先考虑/发展67. compared with…/ in comparison with 与…比较68. degradable/ decomposable material 可降解的/ 可分解的材料69. replace/ substitute/ take the place of 代替70. offer job opportunities 提供就业机会71. mirror the social progress/ advance 反映了社会进步72. enhance/ promote mutual understanding 增进相互了解73. make full use of/ take advantage of 充分利用74. suffer from heavier work pressure 承受更大的工作压力75. guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society 保障社会稳定和繁荣76. put more emphasis on…更多地强调77. adapt oneself to the social development 适应社会发展78. realize one’s dream 实现梦想79. The main/ leading reasons are listed as follows: 主要理由列举如下80. We still have a long way to go 我们还有很长的路要走写作黄金句式：(1)文章开头句式1.When asked whether it is advisable to look for friends online,different people may have different things to say, but personally Idon’t think it is wise to do so.2.Here comes the question: should universities allow students to liveoff campus? My answer is positive, for indeed there are severaladvantages of off-campus living compared with dorm living.3.Nowadays chatting online is growing in popularity among the youth. Someget fun; some get friends; some even get fame. However, we should notlet these benefits blind us to the problems it may pose.4.When my eyes caught this topic, my mind began its search for the mostimportant one from many options such as honesty, creativity, fortitude,diligence, etc. then the best choice- teamwork spirit- occurred to me.5.The definition of education may vary from person to person. Some peopleconsider education as going to schools or colleges, or as a means tosecure good jobs, while others regard it as a life- long process. Iagree with the latter viewpoint for the following reasons.[扩展] The answer to …may vary from case to case. Some people…, whileothers…, I agree with…6.What if you needed to call someone abroad but were intimidated by thesteep fees? What if you wanted to shop but got tired of searching andbargaining? What if you felt lonely tonight but had no one to talk to?“Get online!”-this may be the first answer that flashes through manyyouths’ mind if a computer is at hand, and they have good reasons forthat.petition and cooperation seem to be two apparent opposites, whichpeople have to choose between: some claim that the former is more important than the latter, while others think the other way around.However, the contrast between the two is misleading and damaging, for in fact, one may enhance the other in the present-day society. （2）文章结尾句式1. Addressing these issues is not a luxury that can be postponed untila more convenient time. It is a short step from dishonesty in schoolsand colleges to dishonesty in business.2. Only when we treat plagiarism as seriously as it deserves to be treatedwill we accomplish the first step toward the elimination of various forms of unethical academic behaviors on our campuses.3. To sum up, seen with a positive attitude, an interview can be a win-winsituation for the both the employer and the job-hunter.4. To sum up, ambition can benefit us tremendously if wisely and correctlychanneled, otherwise it may ruin others and ourselves.5. From the above analysis, we may arrive at the conclusion that the Internet helps people to communicate beyond the limitations of time and space.6. What has been discussed above points to the fact that the Internet issure to accelerate the development of education.7. Although other favorable things may still be said about classroomteaching compared with cyber education, the two advantages of traditional classes discussed above are already sufficient for the former to live rather than to die out in advance of the latter. 8. Of course, misuse or too much use of Internet slang in news and formaldocuments could bring a number of problems. However, the above discussion indicates that we should not and could not forbid its usetotally. The better course of action is to be more careful when using them as we are with the choice of other words, considering its particular feature and style.9. To sum up, chatting online can bring us more convenience and friends.Although it has its problems, we should not give up these benefits because of that, just as we cannot “give up eating for fear of choking”.10. Just as the old saying goes, look before you leap, so I suggest thatwe should think twice before starting a business, especially when we are not academically, financially and psychologically well-prepared.(3)过渡概括句式1. When it comes to the problem of homesickness, here are a few tips forfreshmen.[扩展]As far as… is concerned/ As for…,+主句2. As the “imported” festivals become hot, our own native festiveoccasions turn cool.3. Before answering this question, I want to remind you of a story ofancient China… This story simply proves the importance of teamwork: united, we succeed; divided, we fail.4. …we may miss school when the coolest guys in the class try to persuadeus to, though we know this can lead to trouble; worse still, we are tempted to tease or hurt other people because we worry that our pals may tease or reject us if we don’t go along with them, and we will end up feeling bad about this, not to mention the person who is the target. These are just some examples of the negative peer pressures and life choices that we might face every day. We may do these things to be accepted by peers we socialize with or admire, but we often won’t feel good about ourselves when we really give in.5. …people who believe that competition is more important than thecooperation partially or completely neglect the importance of cooperation which in my mind contributes equally to the development of human society.6. Some become obsessed with his or her crush; some feel heartbroken whenbeing rejected; even there is a few who have tried murder or suicide at the time of breakup. How should they relieve themselves from such pain? An effective remedy is to pour out to close friends…7. However, peer pressure is not all doom or gloom. It can also be a reallypositive influence in our life.(4) 对比和对照句式1. Some hold that this experience would give them the edge in futurecompetition after graduation, while others argue that it might hinder their academic pursuit.2. Different from selling our own belongings in the flea market, runninga shop requires careful consideration and preparation in many aspects.3. At college, our main task is to acquire knowledge; our main trial isto do well in various exams. But at work people are expected to shoulder much more responsibility.4. With traditional teaching tools such as blackboard and chalk or thenewly developed multimedia equipment, students and teachers have to come to school to enjoy learning or teaching. However, with the Internet, they are likely to interact at home in future, for example, through video conference.5. The former serves to conjure up images of conflict, selfishness, anddog-eat-dog behavior; the latter suggests harmony, community, and benevolence.(5)说明原因句式1. The main reasons why I am not in favor of making friends online areas follows.2. The first reason to avoid comparing yourself with others is that itmakes you unhappy.3. Being aware of their parents’financial difficulty, they used variousmeans to support themselves and managed to save every penny they could for the family.(6)举例论证句式1. Ambition may well serve as a catalyst activating dormant potentials. …A case in point is Ms Zhang Haidi, a Chinese Helen Keller.2. Take Liu Xiang for example, who won the gold medal in the 110 metershurdles of the 2004 Olympics, which has been the first gold medal for Asians in the Olympic track and field.[扩展]Let me cite…as an example./ A good example is that…3. It means my success is your failure. If I obtain my goal, then you don’tobtain yours. It is best exemplified by a match in which individuals or teams strive against each other to obtain a goal that only one can ultimately achieve, such as a tennis or football game.4. Despite the various profits urbanization has brought to our country,many problems turn up as a result in the process: environmental deterioration, warming climate, and housing insufficiency, to name just a few.5. The cost may amount to several thousand yuan if it is an urgent interviewin a remote location, and it is quite common to see a northern candidate files all the way to a southern city for a job opportunity.6. Besides hard work, it takes persistence to travel on the path to yourdream place. Numerous stories of success tell us that there is no royal road to great accomplishment. Thomas Edison experimented and failed hundreds of times before inventing the light bulb. Abraham Lincoln lost dozens of political elections before becoming president of the US.7. When you hear of plastic surgery, you will probably first think of aHollywood star trying to delay the effects of aging, somebody’s cute “new” nose that cost quite a few allowances, or people who want to change the size of their stomachs, breasts, or other body parts because they see it done so easily on TV. Those are common images of plastic surgery, but what about the 4-year-old boy who has his chin rebuilt after a dog bit him?8. However sweet a drip of dew is, it cannot stop your thirst; howeverluminous a firebug is, it cannot light your way; however powerful a finger is, it cannot give a punch.(7)预测趋势句式1. In fact, the development of both Internet technologies and web-basededucation has made it convincing that one day online learning may replace the traditional classroom teaching.2. The advantages of online learning compared with classroom teaching makethe substitution of the latter by the former almost inevitable.3. Because of its advantages in creating a virtual but realistic classroom,and providing diversity, convenience and freedom, online education is quickly taking in many territories that once belonged to traditional classroom teaching. In a certain sense, it can be said that online education came, has seen and will conquer.4. …while it is convenient and easy to take online lessons, I am stillpositive that the classroom teaching will never fade out.5. Although other favorable things may still be said about classroomteaching compared with cyber education, the two advantages of traditional classes discussed above are already sufficient for the former to live rather than to die out in advance of the latter.6. By adopting various test forms and flexible assessment, we can guidestudents to gain high scores, useful skills and great expertise in their fields at the same time. Only in that way will the evaluationsystem help rather than hinder students’ education and growth. 7. Only when we treat plagiarism as seriously as it deserves to be treatedwill we accomplish the first step toward the elimination of various forms of unethical academic behaviors on our campuses.(8) 建议措施句式1. Besides, to minimize students’ possibility to substitute others’works for their own, several simple strategies can be followed in designing writing assignments.2. Maybe you are perplexed about how to get rid of it and enjoy a morepleasant and rich college life? Here are my opinions about how to cope with financial, academic and emotional problems.3. Therefore, in my opinion, the golden rule for classroom behavior atcollege is to honor our class, honor our instructors, and honor our classmates.4. Our first and most important line of defense against academicdishonesty is simply good teaching.[扩展] The first thing to do in combating plagiarism is to encourage academic integrity in students.5. The second remedy is to encourage the development of integrity instudents.6. Considering the above factors, universities cannot afford to cut downcurrent tuition though it exerts great financial pressure on students from low-income families. In my opinion, a more practical way to resolve the conflict lies in establishing a new social institution favorable to disadvantaged students.7. Of course, it is also worth mentioning that plastic surgery is not thebest cure for all our problems which seem to be connected with appearances … And for those who have a distorted view of what they should look like, working out the emotional problem with the help ofa trained therapist will be a better bet.(9)承接转折句式1. Of course there is some truth in those complaints. Nevertheless, withregard to the future development for both employers and employees, advantages will far outweigh disadvantages during a job interview. [扩展] There is some truth in …, but …/ There’s an element of truth in …but …/ There’s a great deal of truth in what they say, but …2. It is true that interview benefits both the employer and employee inmany cases, but, in my opinion, it does not always work because of its time limit, the subjectivity in decision- making and high additional expenditure it brings to job applicants.3. Admittedly, looking good does have real advantages in some occasionslike finding a job or spouse, but plastic surgery alone cannot change our life.4. He gives due weight to the role of ambition in our life, but he ignoresthe fact that ambition alone cannot form or change a person’s destiny.5. Though its final result may be alluring, people need to consider thehazards before plunging in.[扩展] Alluring as …may be, people need to consider the hazards before plunging in.6. Despite its high costs, possible risks, and short-term side effects,plastic surgery is a great thing in many cases and its benefits can be both physical and emotional, both external and internal.7. No matter how well or how badly a candidate performs, it might not besage to equalize the outcome with his capabilities and potentials, especially when interviewers do not attach due importance to the candidate’s record.。

2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）音频Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on the challenges of living in a big city. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section，you will hear three news reports. At theend of each news report，you will hear two or three questions. Both thenews report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.D) Gather data from the moon with a tiny device.2. A) It is stable.B) It is durable.C) It is inexpensive.D) It is sophisticated.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It lasted more than six hours.B) No injuries were yet reported.C) Nobody was in the building when it broke out.D) It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrive.4. A) Recruit and train more firefighters.B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park.D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Shrinking potato farming.B) Heavy reliance on import.C) Widespread plant disease.D) Insuffcient potato supply.6. A) It intends to keep its traditional diet.B) It wants to expand its own farming.C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.D) It is worried about unfair competition.7. A) Global warming.B) Ever-rising prices.C) Government regulation.D) Diminishing investment.Section BDirections: In this section，you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation，you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you heara question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have justheard.8. A) Informative.B) Inspiring.C) Dull.D) Shallow.9. A) She types on a keyboard.B) She does recording.C) She takes photos.D) She takes notes.10. A) It keeps her mind active.B) It makes her stay awake.C) It enables her to think hard.D) It helps her kill time.11. A) It enables her to improve her pronunciation.B) It helps her better remember what she learns.C) It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.D) It proves to be far more effective than writing.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To spend her honeymoon.B) To try authentic Indian food.C) To take photos of the Taj Mahal.D) To trace the origin of a love story.13. A) In memory of a princess.B) In honor of a great emperor.C) To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.D) To celebrate the birth of a princess’s 14th child.14. A) It looks older than expected.B) It is built of wood and bricks.C) It stores lots of priceless antiques.D) It has walls decorated with jewels.15. A) Their streets are narrow.B) Each one has a unique character.C) They are mostly crowded.D) Life can be tedious in some places.Section CDirections: In this section，you will hear three passages. At the endof each passage，you will hear three or four questions. Both the passageand the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with asingle line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They help spread the latest technology.B) They greatly enrich people’s leisure life.C) They provide residents with the resources they need.D) They allow free access to digital books and videos.17. A) By helping them find jobs.B) By keeping them off the streets.C) By inspiring their creativity.D) By providing a place of relaxation.18. A) Their interaction with teenagers proved fruitful.B) They used libraries less often than teenagers.C) They tended to visit libraries regularly.D) Their number increased modestly.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It is the cleverest cat in the world.B) It is an unusual cross breed.C) It is the largest cat in Africa.D) It is a large-sized wild cat.20. A) They are as loyal as dogs.B) They are fond of sleeping in cabinets.C) They have unusually long tails.D) They know how to please their owners.21. A) They shake their front paws.B) They shower with them.C) They teach them to dive.D) They shout at them.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Contented and relieved.B) Anxious and depressed.C) Proud but a bit nervous.D) Excited but somewhat sad.23. A) It starts the moment they are born.B) It depends on their parents for success.C) It is gaining increasing public attention.D) It is becoming parents’biggest concern.24. A) Choose the right school for them.B) Help them to learn by themselves.C) Read books and magazines to them.D) Set a good example for them to follow.25. A) Their intelligence.B) Their home life.C) The quality of their school.D) The effort they put in learning.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks. Youare required to select one word for each blank from a list of choicesgiven in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage throughcarefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each itemon Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not useany of the words in the bank more than once.Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs theglobal economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs，with the most serious 26 occurring in the developing world.The figures include a number of costs 27 with air pollution. Lostincome alone amounts to $225 billion a year.The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoorpollution，which includes 28 like home heating and cooking，has remained 29 over the past several decades despite advances in the area.Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growthin industry and transportation.Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray30 it as an “urgent call to action.”“One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe，over which individuals have little 31，”he said.The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world，where in some places lost-labor income 32 nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10people in low- and middle-income countries live in places where they 33 experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.But the problem is not limited 34 to the developing world.Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. Inmany European countries，where diesel(柴油) 35 have become more common in recent years，that number reaches tens of thousands.A) abilityB) associatedC) consciouslyD) constantE) controlF) damageG) describedH) equalsI) exclusivelyJ) innovatedK) regularlyL) relatesM) sourcesN) undermineO) vehiclesSection BDirections: In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given inone of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which theinformation is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by markingthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing ProgressA) Several times a month，you can find a doctor in the aisles ofRalph’s market in Huntington Beach，California，wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day，this doctor was Daniel Nadeau，wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott，giving her some ideas on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything thatis healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?”he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper，and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare，you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready thenext morning.”B) Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who isprogram director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center，part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center’s ‘Shop with Your Doc’program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with anypatients who sign up for the service，plus any other shoppers whohappen to be around with questions.C) Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni(通心粉) -and-cheeseboxes in Scott’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So I’d have to make it?”she asks，her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take，just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”D) Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors tothe rising diabetes rates among children. “In America，over 50 percentof our food is processed food，”Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percentof our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.”Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make realmacaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor，zero for diabetes.E) Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California.The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades，but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food aformal part of treatment，rather than relying solely on medications(药物) . By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as‘Shop with Your Doc’，they are trying to prevent，limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes，reversing high blood pressure，even preventing cancer by food choices，”Nadeau says.F) In the big picture，says Dr. Richard Afable，CEO and president of St. Joseph Hoag Health，medical institutions across the state arestarting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a healthorganization，not just a health care organization. That feeling echoesthe beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg SanFrancisco General Hospital，which completed its pilot phase and isabout to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout thecity. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed forthei condition，along with intensive training in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine，and not just give away food，”says Dr. Rita Nguyen，the hospital’s medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We want people to understand what they’re eating，how to prepare it，the role food plays in their lives.”G) In Southern California，Loma Linda University School of Medicineis offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine—that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease.Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat orreverse diseases，but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution，or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietarychanges. Nonetheless，physicians say that they look at the collective dataand a clear picture emerges: that the salt，sugar，fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates ofobesity，diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization，80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke arecaused by high blood pressure，tobacco use，elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.H) “It’s a different paradigm(范式) of how to treat disease，”says Dr. Brenda Rea，who helps run the family and preventive medicineresidency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. Thelifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to preventand treat disease，in part，by changing patients’nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard andkitchen for patients. This way，patients not only learn about which foodsto buy，but also how to prepare them at home.I) Many people don’t know how to cook，Rea says，and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending on packaged foodwith high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foodsare healthy and how to prepare them，she says，can actually transforma patient’s life. And beyond that，it might transform the health and livesof that patient’s family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison，”Rea says.“As a physician，nutrition is one of the most powerful thingsyou can change to reverse the effects of long term disease.”J) Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation(炎症) ，for example，or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general，many lifestyle medicine physicians recommenda plant-based diet—particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.K) “As what happened with tobacco，this will require a cultural shift，but that can happen，”says Nguyen. “In the same way physicians used to smoke，and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it，I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.”36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food fortreatment but teaches patients how to cook it.42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself，thinking it would simply be a waste of time.43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea，but the movement is making headway these days.45. Americans’high rates of various illnesses result from the waythey eat.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of themthere are four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.California has been facing a drought for many years now，with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of thestate continues to expand. New research has found deep water reservesunder the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previousdrilling of wells could only reach depths of 1，000 feet，but due to new pumping practices，water deeper than this can now be extracted(抽取) . The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers(地下蓄水层) below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previouslythought.It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1，000 feet for oil and gas extraction，but only recently in California has it become profitable topump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1，000 to 3，000 feet below the ground，which means that pumping will be expensiveand there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out waterfrom this deep is the gradual settling down of the land surface. As thewater is pumped out，the vacant space left is compacted by the weight ofthe earth above.Even though pumping from these depths is expensive，it is still cheaper than desalinating(脱盐) the ocean water in the largely coastalstate. Some desalination plants exist where feasible，but they are costlyto run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliablesources of freshwater，and California is hoping that these deep wellsmay be the answer to their severe water shortage.One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has ahigher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This means that some wellsmay even need to undergo desalination after extraction，thus increasing the cost. Research from the exhaustive study of groundwater from over950 drilling logs has just been published. New estimates of the waterreserves now go up to 2，700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.46. How could California’s drought crisis be solved according tosome researchers?A) By building more reserves of groundwater.B) By drawing water from the depths of the earth.C) By developing more advanced drilling devices.D) By upgrading its water distribution system.47. What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?A) It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.B) It was not considered worth the expense.C) It may not provide quality freshwater.D) It is bound to gain support from the local people.48. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground?A) The sinking of land surface.B) The harm to the ecosystem.C) The damage to aquifers.D) The change of the climate.49. What does the author say about deep wells?A) They run without any need for repairs.B) They are entirely free from pollutants.C) They are the ultimate solution to droughts.D) They provide a steady supply of freshwater.50. What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?A) People’s health may improve with cleaner water.B) People’s water bills may be lowered considerably.C) The cost may go up due to desalination.D) They may be exhausted sooner or later.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The AlphaGo program’s victory is an example of how smartcomputers have become.But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically，meaning can they be honest and fairOne example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on Californiaroads，so it is not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine toact ethically. As driverless cars improve，they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do. Sometimes，however，they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed toavoid hitting a child running across the road，even if that will put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog?What if the only risk is damage to the car itself，not to the passengers?Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars，but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.About the same time as AlphaGo’s triumph，Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’took a bad turn. The software，named Taylor，was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able tolearn from the messages she received. She was designed to slowlyimprove her ability to handle conversations，but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things aboutHitler，Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messagesAlphaGo’s victory and Taylor’s defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thing to use AI within agame with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different touse AI in the real world. The unpredictability of the real world may bringto the surface a troubling software problem.Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google，which owns AlphaGo.He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He said people will be thewinner，whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter，more able and “just better human beings.”51. What does the author want to show with the example ofAlphaGo’s victory?A) Computers will prevail over human beings.B) Computers have unmatched potential.C) Computers are man’s potential rivals.D) Computers can become highly intelligent.52. What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?A) They are capable of predicting possible risks.B) They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.C) They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.D) They sacrifice everything to save human lives.53. What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?A) How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.B) How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.C) How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.D) How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.54. What do we learn about Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’Taylor?A) She could not distinguish good from bad.B) She could turn herself off when necessary.C) She was not made to handle novel situations.D) She was good at performing routine tasks.55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligenceA) It will be far superior to human beings.B) It will keep improving as time goes by.C) It will prove to be an asset to human beings.D) It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer onAnswer Sheet 2.由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人速度增长。

大学英语四六级干货听力四级新闻高频词1. flame [fleɪm] n.火焰2. ash [æʃ]n.灰烬3. burn [bɜ:n] v.燃烧4. consume [kənˈsju:m] v.烧毁，毁灭5. authority [ɔ:ˈθɒrəti] n.当局；官方6. emergency worker 应急人员7. site [saɪt] n.现场；发生地8. explosion [ɪkˈspləʊʒn] n.爆炸9. rubble[ˈrʌbl] n.碎石；碎砖10. blast [blɑ:st] n爆炸；（爆炸引起的）气浪11. oxygen canister 氧气罐12. footage [ˈfʊtɪdʒ] n.视频片段13. debris [ˈdebri:] n.碎片，残骸14. suicide bombing 自杀式炸弹袭击15. detonate [ˈdetəneɪt] v.(使某物)爆炸；引爆16. explosive vest 炸弹背心17. troop [ truːp] n. 军队18. bomber [ˈbɔmə(r)] n.投掷或安放炸弹的人19. police patrol 巡警队20. civilian [sɪˈvɪlɪən] n. 平民，百姓21. shatter[ ˈʃætə(r)] v.粉碎（某事物）22. explode [ɪkˈspləud]v. (使某物)爆炸23. terrorist group 恐怖分子组织24. claim responsibility for 声称对…负责25. bombing[ˈbɒmɪŋ]n.轰炸，投弹26. cargo ship 货船27,sink [sɪŋk] v.下沉；沉没28. coast [kəust] n.海岸29. rescue effort 救援工作30. signal [ˈsɪgnəl] n.信号；暗号31. vessel [ˈvesl] n.船（尤指大船）32. rescue vessel 救援船只33. fishing area 捕鱼区34. port [pɔːt] n.港；港口35. ferry [ˈferɪ] n. 渡轮36. refugee [ˏrefjuˈdʒiː] n.难民，流亡者37. rescue official 救援人员38. search and rescue team 搜救队39. emigrant [ˈemɪgrənt] n.（从本国移往他国的）居民emigrate ['emɪgreɪt] v.移居国外immigrate ['ɪmɪgreɪt] v.移入immigrant ['ɪmɪgr(ə)nt] n.（外来）移民40. coast guard 海岸巡逻员41. migrant ['maɪgr(ə)nt] v.（为工作）移居者；移民migrate [maɪ'greɪt] v.移居；迁徙42. case [keɪs] n. 法案；诉讼案43. senator [ˈsenətə(r)] n.参议员44. citizenship [ˈsɪtɪzənʃɪp] n.公民身份45. undocumented [ˌʌn'dɒkjʊmentɪd] adj.无书面文件的46. fine [faɪn] n.罚金；罚款47. queue [kjuː] n.行列48. permanent residency 永久居住权49. eventual citizenship 最终国籍50. permanent resident 永久居民；常住人口51. blizzard [ˈblɪzəd] n.暴风雪52. icy [ˈaɪsɪ] adj.结满冰的；寒冷的53. paralyze [ˈpærəlaɪz] v. 使瘫痪或麻痹54. route [ruːt] n.路线55. suspend [səˈspend] v.使（某事物）暂停56. navigate [ˈnævɪgeɪt] v.驾驶；导航57. charter [tʃɑːtə(r)] v.包租（飞机等）58. collided [kəˈlaɪd] v.相撞59. skid [skɪd] v.滑向一侧，打滑60. tow truck 拖车61. snowfall [ˈsnəʊfɔ:l] n.降雪62. stranded ['strændɪd] adj.陷于困境的63. hit [hɪt] v.对（某人\某物\某地）产生不良的或意外的影响64. intensive [ɪnˈtensɪv] adj. 集约型；密集的65. livestock [ˈlaɪvstɔk] n. 家畜，牲畜（如牛羊）66. ecological [ˏiːkəˈlɔdʒɪkl] adj. 生态的；生态学的67. already-stressed 已经不堪重负的68. fragile ['frædʒaɪl] adj. 易受伤害的；脆弱的69. resource base资源基础70. greenhouse gases 温室气体71. wreck [rek] v. 毁坏或毁灭（某物）72. pollution source 污染源73. deterioration [dɪˏtɪərɪəˈreɪʃn] n. 恶化74. residential [ˏrezɪˈdenʃl] adj. 住宅的75. industrial waste 工业废料76. clean-up 净化；清除77. forum [ˈfɔːrəm] n. 论坛（讨论公共问题的场所）78. scholar [ˈskɔlə(r)] n.学者79. delegate [ˈdelɪgət] n.代表（如出席会议者）v. 选派某人作代表出席会议80. Global 500 全球五百强企业81. security plan 安保计划82. security operation 安保执行83. private security 私人保镖84. protest [ˈprəutest] n.抗议活动；抗议书85. security patrol 治安巡逻队86. security fencing 保安围栏87. venue [ˈvenjuː] n.（尤指）体育比赛场所；会场88. surveillance [sɜːˈveɪləns] n.（对涉嫌者）的监视89. intrusion [ɪnˈtruːʒn] n. 侵扰；闯入90. two sides 双方91. bilateral trade 双边贸易92. trade volume 贸易量93. year-on-year 与上年同期数字相比的94. second-lowest 数量第二少的95. revenue [ˈrevənju] n. 收入96. international intelligence 国际情报97. financier [faɪˈnænsɪə(r)] n. 财政家；金融家98. criminal offense 刑事犯罪99. freeze [friːz] v. 冻结（钱或资产）100. sponsor [ˈspɔnsə(r)] v. 担保或赞助（某人/某事物）四级听力救命60词爆炸类爆炸：explosion / blast / bombing （suicide explosion 自杀式爆炸）攻击：attack / strike （也有罢工的意思）灾难类事故：incident空难：plane crash / air crash脱轨：derail / derailment火车相撞：train collision客船: ferry / ship / vessel沉没：sink （过去式sank）救援类救援行动：rescue work现场：scene死亡人数：death toll伤亡人数：casualty figures移民类非法移民：illegal migrants难民：refugees边境：boarder经济类刺激：boost / stimulate贸易：trade / trading零售：retail低迷：recession校园类学期：term / semester （秋季学期fall semester）入学：register / enroll作业：assignment论文：essay /（term）paper导师：tutor / （tutoring 辅导）展示: presentation课程：course / program到期：due研讨会：seminar求职类简历：resume申请：apply / application / applicant（申请人）职位：post / position推荐信：reference letter / recommendation letter福利：benefits保险：security六级演讲高频1. session ['seʃ(ə)n] n. 会议；学期；讲习会2. issue ['ɪʃuː; 'ɪsjuː] n. 问题；流出；发行物v. 发行3. preface ['prefəs] n. 前言；引语4. remark [rɪ'mɑːk] n. 注意；言辞v. 评论5. forceful ['fɔːsfʊl] adj. 强有力的；有说服力的6. occupation [ɒkjʊ'peɪʃ(ə)n] n. 职业；占有7. conference ['kɒnf(ə)r(ə)ns] n. 会议；协商；讨论8. reform [rɪ'fɔːm] n. 改革adj. 改革的9. address [ə'dres] vt. 演说；写姓名地址；向…致辞n. 地址10. perspective [pə'spektɪv] n. 观点；远景11. index ['ɪndeks] n. 指标；指数；索引v. 做索引12. release [rɪ'liːs] vt.&n. 释放；发射；允许发表13. institute ['ɪnstɪtjuːt] n. 学会，协会；学院14. note [nəʊt] n. 笔记；纸币；便笺vt. 注意；记录15. conclusion [kən'kluːʒ(ə)n] n. 结论；结局；推论16. demonstrate ['demənstreɪt] vt. 证明；展示；论证vi. 示威17. consensus [kən'sensəs] n. 一致；舆论；合意18. intervene [ɪntə'viːn] vi. 干涉；调停；插入19. implement ['ɪmplɪm(ə)nt] vt. 实施，执行n. 工具；手段20. exclusive[ɪk'skluːsɪv]adj. 独有的；排外的n. 独家新闻；独家经营的项目21. aspect['æspekt] n. 方面；方向22. ratio['reɪʃɪəʊ] n. 比率，比例23. transaction [træn'zækʃ(ə)n] n. 交易；事务24. outweigh vt. 比…重（在重量上）；比…重要；比…有价值25. package ['pækɪdʒ] n. 包，包裹26. despair [dɪ'speə] n.&vi. 绝望27. gratitude ['grætɪtjuːd] n. 感谢的心情28. agricultural [æɡrɪ'kʌltʃərəl] adj. 农业的；农艺的29. state [steɪt] n. 国家；州；情形vt.声明；陈述adj. 国家的；州的30. maximum ['mæksɪməm]n.最大限度；最大量adj.最多的；最大极限的31. numerous ['njuːm(ə)rəs] adj. 许多的，很多的32. professor of management 管理学教授33. series ['sɪəriːz] n. 系列，连续；丛书34. periodical [pɪərɪ'ɒdɪk(ə)l] adj.周期的；定期n. 期刊；杂志35. criticize ['krɪtə'saɪz] vt. 批评；评论36. essay ['eseɪ] n. 散文；随笔37. Professor of Sociology 社会学教授38. routine [ruː'tiːn] n.日常工作；例行公事adj. 日常的；例行的39. proportion [prə'pɔːʃ(ə)n] n. 比例；部分40. coordination [ko,ɔrdɪ'neʃən] n. 协调，调和41. vision ['vɪʒ(ə)n] n. 视力；美景；眼力vt. 想象；显现；梦见42. perception [pə'sepʃ(ə)n] n. 知觉；感觉；洞察力43. region ['riːdʒ(ə)n] n. 地区；范围；部位44. association [əsəʊsɪ'eɪʃ(ə)n] n. 协会，联盟，社团45. downside ['daʊnsaɪd] n.缺点；不利方面46. fate [feɪt] n. 命运vt. 注定47. destiny ['destɪnɪ] n. 命运，定数，天命48. reassurance [riːə'ʃʊərəns] n. 使安心，再保证49. inferior [ɪn'fɪərɪə] adj. 差的；下级的，下等的n. 下级；次品50. strength [streŋθ] n. 力量；力气；长处51. category ['kætɪg(ə)rɪ] n. 种类，分类52. relieve [rɪ'liːv] vt. 解除，减轻；使放心53. identification [aɪ,dentɪfɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n] n. 识别；认同；身份证明54. span [spæn]n. 跨度；范围55. curriculum [kʌ'rɪkjʊləm] n. 课程56. initiate [ɪ'nɪʃɪeɪt] vt. 开始，创始n. 开始；新加入者adj. 新加入的57. burst [bɜːst] v.&n. 爆发，突发；爆炸58. schooling ['skuːlɪŋ] n. 学校教育；学费59. alter ['ɔːltə] v. 改变，更改60. emerge [ɪ'mɜːdʒ] vi. 浮现；暴露；显现61. validity [və'lɪdɪtɪ] n.有效性；正确性62. outline ['aʊtlaɪn] n. 轮廓；大纲vt. 概述；略述63. unprecedented [ʌn'presɪdentɪd] adj. 空前的；无前例的64. opponent [ə'pəʊnənt] n. 对手；反对者adj. 对立的；敌对的65. swing [swɪŋ] n.&v. 摇摆；摆动66. slope[sləʊp] n.&v. 斜坡；倾斜67. accelerate [ək'seləreɪt] v.加速；促进；增加68. trauma ['trɔːmə]n. 创伤（由心理创伤造成精神上的异常）；外伤69. incidence ['ɪnsɪd(ə)ns] n. 发生率；影响70. adverse ['ædvɜːs] adj. 不利的；相反的；敌对的71. resistance [rɪ'zɪst(ə)ns] n. 阻力；抵抗；反抗；抵抗力72. proficiency [prə'fɪʃ(ə)nsɪ] n. 精通，熟练73. wholesale ['həʊlseɪl]adj. 批发的；大规模的n.&v. 批发74. enlighten [ɪn'laɪt(ə)n]vt. 启发，启蒙；教导，开导；照耀75. amateur ['æmətə] n. 爱好者；业余爱好者adj. 业余的；外行的76. bind [baɪnd] v.约束n. 捆绑；困境77. exploit [ɪk'splɒɪt] vt. 开发，开拓；剥削；开采78. appealing [ə'piːlɪŋ] adj. 吸引人的；引起兴趣的79. personality [pɜːsə'nælɪtɪ] n. 个性；品格80. stockbroker ['stɒkbrəʊkə] n.股票经纪人81. restrain[rɪ'streɪn]vt. 抑制，控制；约束82. virtue ['vɜːtjuː]n. 美德；优点83. conquer ['kɒŋkə]v.战胜，征服；攻克84. curb [kɜːb] n. 抑制；路边vt. 控制85. timidity [tɪ'mɪdətɪ] n. 胆怯，胆小；羞怯86. civilization [,sɪvələ'zeʃən] n. 文明；文化87. cultivate ['kʌltɪveɪt] vt. 培养；陶冶；耕作88. consultant [kən'sʌlt(ə)nt]n. 顾问；咨询师89. unconventional [ʌnkən'venʃ(ə)n(ə)l] adj.非传统的；不依惯例的90. originate [ə'rɪdʒɪneɪt] vt. 引起；创作vi. 发源；发生91.interpersonal [ɪntə'pɜːs(ə)n(ə)l] adj. 人际的；人与人之间的92.succession [sək'seʃ(ə)n] n. 连续；继位93.trait [treɪt] n. 特性，特点；品质94.diplomacy [dɪ'pləʊməsɪ] n. 外交；交际手段passion [kəm'pæʃ(ə)n] n. 同情；怜悯96.yield [jiːld] v. 屈服；出产n. 产量；收益97.survey [sə'veɪ] n.&v. 调查；测量98. credit ['kredɪt] n. 信用，信誉；贷款；vt. 相信，信任；把…归给99.act [ækt] v. 扮演；行动n. 行为，行动；法令，法案100.federal ['fed(ə)r(ə)l] adj. 联邦的；同盟的六级听力救命60词演讲类话题/问题/事件：topic / theme / issue / problem / thing关注：focus / concern会议：session / conference / summit展示：demonstrate / show / illustrate论坛：forum面临：face / confront with讲话：speech/ address / talk / remark例举：example / instance观点：point /opinion / perspective结论：conclusion有趣的：intriguing访谈类演播室：studio集/版本：edition荣幸：honor / privilege校园类入学：register / enroll论文：essay /（term）paper / thesis导师：supervisor研讨会：seminar / workshop研究生院：graduate school递交：submit书面/口头申请：written / oral application忙于：be tied up in / with sth课程：curriculum系主任：dean求职类招聘：hire / recruit调动：transfer加薪：raise简历：resume会计：accountant / accountancy (会计行业)咨询：consult / consultant （顾问）/ consultancy （咨询业）客户：account （账户/客户）/ client拒绝：turn down / decline阅读四六级阅读最常见同义替换1. benefit = profit / improve / increase / help2. problem 对应段落的消极信息3. concern = worry / risk / fail / not...4. people = public / individual / commonly / received wisdom5. stereotype = traditional / old / unchanged / prevailing view / for a long time / used to do6. important = crucial / critical / significant / essential / vital / indispensable / big / matter7. common = universal / general8. difficult = hard / tough9. understand = grasp10. all the time = continually / continuously / constantly11.as a result = consequently12.before = prior to / first13.begin = commence / start / outset / threshold14.better = superior / greater15.have = be equipped with / possess / own16. in the end=eventually / finally / ultimately17. know=be aware of / familiar with / realize18. more and more=increasingly / growing19. money=funding / resources / rewarding / revenue20. need=demand / require / ask21. now=at present / at this moment / currently / recently22. often=frequently / usually / repeatedly23. quick(ly)=rapid(ly) / prompt(ly)24. right=appropriate / correct / proper / reasonable25. sharp=abrupt / drastic / dramatic26. show=demonstrate / manifest / reveal / indicate27. small=minor / insignificant (problems, differences etc.) / marginal / trivial28. too many / much=excessive / disproportionate29. about=concerning / involving / relating to / with respect to / with reference to30. famous=well-known / noted / renowned / reputation / outstanding / eminent31.poor =needy / impoverished / poverty32.individuals=folk / persons / public33.good=positive / favorable / rosy / promising / excellent / outstanding34.bad=unfavorable / poor / adverse / ill (有害的) / harmful35.thing=affair / business / matter36. shared=common / collective / joint37. little=hardly / barely / rarely38. helpful=beneficial / rewarding,39. hopeful=optimistic40.change=transform / modify / shift / alter / vary / convert41.precise=accurate42.revive=refresh / regain / restore43.unbiased=just / fair44.raise=nurture / rear / foster45.enhance=promote / facilitate / boost46.decline=fall / drop / decrease / slump / recession47.increase=rise / more / mount / add48.prevent =hinder / hamper / in the way49.cause=give rise to / lead to / result in / trigger / bring about / fuel / contribute to / ignite / contribute to50.attract=fascinate / appeal to / compelling阅读（必考50词）be vulnerable ['vʌln(ə)rəb(ə)l]a.脆弱的；易受影响的（to）be immune [ɪ'mjuːn] a.有免疫力的，不受....影响的（to）be subject to 受制于....；遭受be reluctant [rɪ'lʌkt(ə)nt] a.不愿意的，不情愿的；（to）be ready to 愿意做be bound to 一定会attach importance to 重视vary ['veərɪ]v.不同，差异discourage [dɪs'kʌrɪdʒ] v.阻碍…fromcontribute [kən'trɪbjut]v.有助于；导致(to)exaggerate[ɪgˈzædʒəreɪt] v.夸张deprive [dɪ'praɪv] v.剥夺…of…hinder['hɪndə] v.阻碍ensure [ɪn'ʃʊr] v.确保reflect[rɪ'flɛkt] v.反映assume [ə'sjuːm]v.假定；承担（assumption n.）restrict [rɪ'strɪkt] v.限制embrace[ɪm'bres] v.采纳，接受promote [prə'məʊt] v.促进；促销impose[ɪm'pəʊz] v.强加...(on)represent [reprɪ'zent] v.代表incompetent[ɪn'kɒmpɪt(ə)nt] a.无能力的，不能胜任的indispensable [ɪndɪ'spensəb(ə)l] a.必不可少的prejudice ['predʒʊdɪs]n./v.偏见regulate['regjʊleɪt] v.管理interfere [ɪntə'fɪə] v.干涉in/withpriority[praɪ'ɒrɪtɪ] n.优先(to)transform[træns'fɔrm] v.改变，转变accelerate[əkˈsɛləˌret] v.加速，促进challenge['tʃælɪn(d)ʒ] v.质疑；挑战critical ['krɪtɪk(ə)l]a.批判的，批评的；决定性的facilitate[fə'sɪlɪteɪt] v.促进；使便利inadequate[ɪn'ædɪkwət] a.不足的curb [kɜːb]v./n.抑制，阻碍conventional [kən'venʃ(ə)n(ə)l] a.传统的deteriorate[dɪ'tɪərɪəreɪt] v.恶化appeal[ə'piːl] v.吸引；呼吁(~ to sb for sth)unbiased [ʌn'baɪəst] a.公平的dramatically [drə'mætɪkəlɪ]ad. 引人注目地；大幅度地；urgent [ˈɜːdʒənt] a.紧急的，急迫的accurate['ækjʊrət] a.精确的，精准的eliminate[ɪ'lɪmɪneɪt] v.消除；摆脱qualification [,kwɒlɪfɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n] n.资格overwhelming[,ovɚ'wɛlmɪŋ] a.压倒性的，势不可挡的controversial [kɒntrə'vɜːʃ(ə)l] a.有争议的perceive[pə'siːv] v.感知，察觉(perception n. )obstacle ['ɒbstək(ə)l]n.障碍，阻碍tackle['tæk(ə)l] v.处理stereotyped ['sterɪətaɪpt] a.陈规的，刻板的diligent['dɪlɪdʒ(ə)nt] a.勤勉的，勤奋的阅读（必背50词）褒义的：delight [dɪ'laɪt] n.高兴remarkable [rɪ'mɑːkəb(ə)l] a.非凡的，卓越的appropriate [ə'prəʊprɪət] a.合适的，适当的sound [saʊnd] a.可靠的，健全的splendid ['splendɪd] a.极好的，辉煌的，灿烂的benign [bɪ'naɪn] a.良性的；和蔼的fruitful ['frutfl] a.有成效的decent ['diːs(ə)nt]a. 体面地，得体的valid ['vælɪd] a.有效的positive ['pɒzɪtɪv]a.积极的promising['prɒmɪsɪŋ] a.有前途的，有希望的beneficial[benɪ'fɪʃ(ə)l] a.有益的favorable ['feɪvərəbl] a.有利的；赞同的constructive[kən'strʌktɪv] a.有建设性的rosy ['rəʊzɪ] a.美好的，乐观的optimistic[ɒptɪ'mɪstɪk] a.乐观的hopeful ['həʊpfʊl]a. 有希望的，有前途的rewarding[rɪ'wɔːdɪŋ] a.有益的；有报酬的profitable['prɒfɪtəb(ə)l] a.有益的；赚钱的，有利可图的advantageous[ædvən'teɪdʒəs] a.有利的贬义的：negative ['negətɪv] a.否定的，消极的，反面的,pessimistic[,pesɪ'mɪstɪk] a.悲观的,apprehensive [æprɪ'hensɪv] a. 忧虑的biased['baɪəst]a. 有偏见的，偏心的,critical['krɪtɪk(ə)l]a. 持批评态度的,depressing [dɪ'presɪŋ] a.令人沮丧的disappointing [dɪsə'pɒɪntɪŋ] a.令人失望的,gloomy['gluːmɪ] a. 沮丧的，忧愁的indignant [ɪn'dɪgnənt] a. 愤怒的，objection[əb'dʒekʃ(ə)n] n.反对oppose [ə'pəʊz] v.反对scared [skeəd] a.惊恐的，恐慌的,panic ['pænɪk] a.惊恐的suspicious[sə'spɪʃəs] a.可疑的，疑心的contempt [kən'tem(p)t] n.轻视, 轻蔑,ironic [aɪ'rɒnɪk] a.讽刺的condemn [kən'dem] v.责备frustrated [frʌ'streɪtɪd] a. 挫折的, 挫败的insincere[ɪnsɪn'sɪə] a. 不诚实的, 伪善的impatient[ɪm'peɪʃ(ə)nt] a. 不耐烦的,anxious ['æŋ(k)ʃəs] a.焦虑的paradoxical [,pærə'dɒksɪk(ə)l] a. 矛盾的confusing [kən'fjuːzɪŋ] a. 混淆的,令人困惑的disapproval [dɪsə'pruːvl] n. 不赞成irrelevant [ɪ'relɪv(ə)nt] a. 不相关的，prejudiced['predʒədɪst] a. 有成见的；偏颇的skeptical ['skɛptɪkl] a.怀疑的invalid [ɪnˈvælɪd] a.无效的adversely [æd'vɝsli]ad.不利地，unfavorable [ʌn'fevrəbl] a.不利的写作1. 随着经济的繁荣with the booming of the economy2. 随着人民生活水平的显著提高with the remarkable improvement of people's living standard3. 先进的科学技术advanced science and technology4. 为我们日常生活增添了情趣add much spice / flavor to our daily life5. 人们普遍认为It is commonly believed that…6. 我同意前者(后者)观点I give my vote to the former / latter opinion.7. 引起了广泛的公众关注sth. has aroused wide public concern. / sth has drawn great public attention.8. 不可否认It is undeniable that…9. 热烈的讨论/ 争论a heated discussion / debate10. 有争议性的问题a controversial issue11. 就我而言/ 就个人而言As far as I am concerned, / Personally12. 有充分的理由支持be supported by sound reasons13. 双方的论点argument on both sides14. 发挥日益重要作用play an increasingly important role in…15. 对…必不可少be indispensable to …16. 正如谚语所说As the proverb goes:17. 对…产生有利/ 不利的影响exert positive / negative effects on…18. 利远远大于弊The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.19. 导致，引起lead to / give rise to / contribute to / result in20. 复杂的社会现象a complicated social phenomenon21. 责任感/ 成就感sense of responsibility / achievement22. 竞争与合作精神sense of competition and cooperation23. 开阔眼界widen one's horizon / broaden one's vision24. 学习知识和技能acquire knowledge and skills25. 经济/心理负担financial burden / psychological burden26. 考虑到诸多因素take many factors into consideration27. 从另一个角度from another perspective28. 做出共同努力make joint efforts29. 对…有益be beneficial to / be conducive to…30. 为社会做贡献make contributions to the society31. 打下坚实的基础lay a solid foundation for…32. 综合素质comprehensive quality33. 致力于/ 投身于be committed / devoted to…34. 应当承认Admittedly35. 不可推卸的义务unshakable duty36. 满足需求satisfy / meet the needs of...37. 可靠的信息源a reliable source of information38. 宝贵的自然资源valuable natural resources39. 因特网the Internet (一定要有冠词，字母I 大写)40. 方便快捷convenient and efficient41. 在人类生活的方方面面in all aspects of human life42. 环保的材料environmentally friendly materials43. 社会进步的体现a symbol of society progress44. 大大方便了人们的生活sth has greatly facilitated people's lives.45. 对这一问题持有不同态度hold different attitudes towards this issue46. 在一定程度上to some extent47. 理论和实践相结合integrate theory with practice48. …必然趋势an irresistible trend of…49. 日益激烈的社会竞争the increasingly keen social competition50. 眼前利益immediate interest/ short-term interest51. 长远利益long-term interest52. …有其自身的优缺点…has its own merits and demerits / pros and cons53. 对…有害do harm to / be harmful to / be detrimental to54. 交流思想/ 情感/ 信息exchange ideas / emotions / information55. 跟上…的最新发展keep pace with / keep abreast with the latest development of…56. …的健康发展the healthy development of…57. 重视attach great importance to…58. 社会地位social status59. 把时间和精力放在…上focus one's time and energy on…60. 扩大知识面expand one's scope of knowledge61. 身心两方面both physically and mentally62. 有直接/间接关系be directly / indirectly related to…63. 导致很多问题give rise to / lead to / spell various problems64. 替代think的词believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion / belief / view that65. 缓解压力/ 减轻负担relieve stress / burden67. 与…比较compared with…/ in comparison with68. 可降解的/可分解的材料degradable / decomposable material69. 代替replace / substitute / take the place of70. 提供就业机会offer job opportunities71. 反映了社会进步的mirror the social progress/advance72. 增进相互了解enhance / promote mutual understanding73. 充分利用make full use of / take advantage of74. 承受更大的工作压力suffer from heavier work pressure75. 保障社会稳定和繁荣guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society76. 更多地强调put more emphasis on…77. 适应社会发展adapt oneself to the social development78. 实现梦想realize one's dream79. 主要理由列举如下The main / leading reasons are listed as follows:80. 我们还有很长的路要走We still have a long way to go.写作（必背9句）1、原文：当被问及对现在有关美国总统比尔•克林顿的沸沸扬扬的议论有什么看法时，大多数人认为这种暧昧关系纯属私事。