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非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形一、复习各种时态的被动语态★被的基本构: be+ done（以 the book , publish例）一般在 /去：The book is/ was published .一般 /去将来 :The book will/would be published.The book is/was going to be published.在 /去行：The book is/was being published .在 /去完成 :The book has/had been published .情：The book can/could/may/might⋯be published .二、不定式的被动式的基础知识：主被一般式to do to be done完成式to have done to have been done行式to be doing没有被完成行式to have been doing没有被1）一般式：（ not/never ） to be done2）完成式：（ not/ never） to have been done （表示不定式作生在之前）三、▲通常在 believe, suppose, say, report 等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换 .如 :They say that Mike is sick in bed.=It is said that Mike is sick in bed.=Mike is said to be sick in bed.据麦克卧床不起.People believe that he was killed.=It is believed that he was killed.=He is believed to have been killed.大家相信他被了.四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式 (to be done).法功能：1．作主：It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.2．作：She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.3．构成复合：4．构成复合谓语：The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room .5．作定语：Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers’ office?6．作状语：She was too young to be assigned such work.五、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式 to have been done（表示该动作是发生在主句之前的一个被动动作），在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：It is a good thing for him to have been criticized. （主语）She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. ( 宾语 )）He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. （复合宾语）The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （复合谓语）She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定语）六、不定式的主动形式表示被动1． There be结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。
高中英语被动语态总结一、被动语态的构成形式1.被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be＋过去分词构成， be 随时态的变化而变化。
以do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1)am/is/are +done ( 过去分词 ) 一般现在时2 ） has /have been done现在完成时3） am/is /are being done现在进行时4） was/were done一般过去时5） had been done过去完成时6） was/were being done过去进行时7） shall/will be done一般将来时8） should/would be done过去将来时9） shall/will have been done将来完成时（少用）10） should/would have been done过去将来完成时（少用）2.被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。
其形式为：情态动词＋ be＋过去分词。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。
通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his motherfor his birthday.3)当“动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
例 Someonecaught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to 。
被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态。
学习被动语态，除了要熟练掌握各种时态的被动语态构成外，还要注意哪些动词没有被动语态，避免将一些不及物动词，如happen, occur, belong, remain等，误当作及物动词而用在被动结构之中。
另外，一些特殊现象，如主动形式表示被动意义与被动形式表示主动意义等，也是学习中应注意的问题。
★主动语态变为被动语态时，通常采用如下步骤：1. 宾语→主语（若为宾格须变为主格）；2. 谓语动词→be + 过去分词（注意be有人称、数和时态的变化）；3. 主语→（根据句意需要）by + 主动语态句子的主语（若为主格须变为宾格）；4. 其余部分→其余部分。
e.g.主动语态：We speak English every day.主语谓动宾语状语(其余部分)被动语态：English is spoken (by us) every day.考点一被动语态的构成考点二被动语态的适用范围1. 强调或突出动作的承受者，将承受者作为谈话的中心时，e.g.Immediate action should be taken to protect the environment.2. 不知道或无需说出动作的执行者时，e.g.--Have you heard about that fire in the market?--Yes, fortunately no one was hurt.Many buildings will be built in our city.3. 动作的执行者是无声民的事物时，e.g.The window glass was broken by a stone.考点三主动形式表示被动意义1. 谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义①●be动词：am/is/are/was/were●感官系动词：look/sound/smell/taste/feel系动词●表“像”系动词：seem/appear●表“保持”系动词：keep/stay/remain●表“变化”系动词：become/go/get/turn/grow/fall (asleep)/come (true)●表“结果”系动词：prove/turn out (to be)e.g. These flowers smells very nice.The story sounds true.His dream has come true.Einstein’s theory proved (to be) correct.②sell, wash, burn, cook, clean, cut,read, write,open, lock, shut, keep(保存)等，当他们与well, easily等副词连用，说明主语的某种属性特征时，常用主动形式表被动意义。
非谓语动词被动语态归纳与练习非谓语动词被动语态归纳与练习当不定式或动词的-ing形式与其逻辑主语之间构成被动关系时，要用其用被动式。
其形式归纳如下：不定式To be done To have been done动词-ing形式Being done Having been done对非谓语动词被动语态的考查在高考中也是较常见的。
例1：Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening. （92全国）A. to be takenB. to takeC. being takenD. taking【分析】答案选A。
句子主语Little Jim与take是被动关系，“被带去看戏”发生在“想(should love=want)”后，所以用不定式的被动式作宾语。
例2：After he became conscious, he remembered _______ and ________ on the head with a rod. 【06江西】A. to attack; hitB. to be attacked; to be hitC. attacking; be hitD. having been attacked; hit【分析】特殊情况：“remember”接动名词的一般式或完成式均表示“记得已经发生过的事”，句子的主语he与并列的attack，hit是被动关系，答案应选D。
例3：At the beginning of the class,the noise of desks_____could be heard outside the classrooms.（07全国II）A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closedB. being opened and closed D. to open and close【分析】动词-ing形式的被动语态为“being done”。
非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形一、复习各种时态的被动语态★被动语态的基本结构: be+ done（以the book , publish 为例）一般现在/过去时：The book is/ was published.一般/过去将来时:The book will/would be published.The book is/was going to be published.现在/过去进行时：The book is/was being published.现在/过去完成时:The book has/had been published.情态动词：The book can/could/may/might…be published.1）一般式：（not/never ）to be done2）完成式：（not/ never）to have been done （表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）三、▲通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如:They say that Mike is sick in bed.=It is said that Mike is sick in bed.=Mike is said to be sick in bed.据说麦克卧床不起.People believe that he was killed.=It is believed that he was killed.=He is believed to have been killed.大家相信他被杀了.四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式(to be done).语法功能：1．作主语：It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.2．作宾语：She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.3．构成复合宾语：He wanted the letter to be typed at once.She didn’t like herself to be praised like that.4．构成复合谓语：The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.5．作定语：Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers’ office?6．作状语：She was too young to be assigned such work.五、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式to have been done（表示该动作是发生在主句之前的一个被动动作），在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.（主语）She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语)）He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. （复合宾语）The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （复合谓语）She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定语）六、不定式的主动形式表示被动1．There be 结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。
非谓语动词被动语态归纳及练习(2010-01-12 15:33:06)转载▼标签：非谓语被动教育分类：语法知识当不定式或动词的-ing形式与其逻辑主语之间构成被动关系时，要用其用被动式。
其形式归纳如下：不定式To be done To have been done动词-ing形式Being done Having been done对非谓语动词被动语态的考查在高考中也是较常见的。
例1：Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening. （92全国）A. to be takenB. to takeC. being takenD. taking【分析】答案选A。
句子主语Little Jim与take是被动关系，“被带去看戏”发生在“想(should love=want)”后，所以用不定式的被动式作宾语。
例2：After he became conscious, he remembered _______ and ________ on the head with a rod. 【06江西】A. to attack; hitB. to be attacked; to be hitC. attacking; be hitD. having been attacked; hit 【分析】特殊情况：“remember”接动名词的一般式或完成式均表示“记得已经发生过的事”，句子的主语he与并列的attack，hit是被动关系，答案应选D。
例3：At the beginning of the class,the noise of desks_____could be heard outside the classrooms.（07全国II）A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closedB. being opened and closed D. to open and close【分析】动词-ing形式的被动语态为“being done”。
根据所提供的情景课判断出在上课的开始可以听到桌子被打开和关上的声音。
Desks与open,close之间为被动关系，且充当介词of的宾语，因此使用动词-ing形式的被动语态。
例4：----Where is George? He said he would meet me at 3 o’clock.----He seems ____ with Mr. Brown in the office.（2000全国）A. to talkB. to be talkingC.to have talkedD. talking【分析】seem 后接动词不定式作宾语，此处根据情景：他似乎正在和布朗先生在办公室说话，应该用不定式的进行式，故选B。
说明：一．动词不定式用主动形式表被动含义的情况：在作表语或宾补的形容词后用状语时；作定语修饰have, there be, this / that / these / those be等后面的名词或代词时；作表语的to blame，to let, to rent等。
如：1. The text is difficult to learn. 这篇课文很难学。
(to learn主动表被动)2. We found the text difficult to learn. 我们觉得这篇课文很难学。
(to learn主动表被动)3. He was to blame for that. 他因此受到了责备。
(作表语的to blame主动表被动)4. I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have an ything ________ ?A. to be buyingB. to buyC. for buyingD. bought【分析】答案选B。
表示“有…要…”，常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
5. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ____.【08全国卷I】A. to be breathedB. to breatheC. breathingD. being breathed 【分析】在主系表结构中，当表语形容词为good, light,heavy, difficult等时，其后常用不定式作状语，表示时间，原因，结果等，且常用主动形式表示被动意义，因此选B。
二．need, want和require表示“需要”，主语通常是物时，后面除用不定式的被动式外，也可用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动。
如：There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ________ road conditions need ________. (05上海卷)A. that; to be improvedB. which; to be improvedC. where; improvingD. when; improving【分析】答案选A。
need improving=need to be improved。
that引导的从句与problem是同位语。
练一练：1. (2002)Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains____whether they will enjoy it.A. to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. seen2. (2002上海) ______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.A. ExposedB. Having exposedC. Being exposedD. After being exposed3．(2002春招)Prices of daily goods______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD. buying4. (2002上海春招)When_____, the museum will he open to the public next year.A. completedB. completingC. being completedD. to be completed5. (2003上海)The discovery of new evidence led to______.A. the thief having caughtB. catch the thiefC. the thief being caughtD. the thief to be caught6. (2003上海春招)Friendship is like money: easier made than ____.A. keptB. to be keptC. keepingD. being kept7. (2003上海春招)Unless______ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.A. invitedB. invitingC. being invitedD. having invited8. (04辽宁) I don't know whether you happen ________ , but I'm going to study in the U.S.A. this September.A. to be heardB. to be hearingC. to hearD. to have heard9. (04上海)The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused10. （05湖北卷）______from other continents for millions of years ,Australia hasmany plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A．Being separated B．Having separated C．Having been separated D．To be separated11. （05上海卷）He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______ the good opportunity.A. to loseB. losingC. to be lostD. being lost12. （05辽宁卷）All these gifts must be mailed immediately _______ in time for Christmas.A．in order to have received B．in order to receive C．so as to be received D．so as to be receiving13. (94)The first textbooks_____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written14. (94)The missing boys were last seen_____ near the river.A. playingB. to be playingC. playD. to play15. (05北京卷)The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _________ vacation to China.A. payingB. paidC. to be paidD. being paid16. (05北京卷) I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise __________.A. going onB. goes onC. went onD. to go on17.（05山东卷）Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _____a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reached B. reaching C. to reachD. to be reaching18. (05广东卷) He glanced over at her, ______ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.A. notingB. notedC. to noteD. having noted19. (05广东卷)He hurried to the station only ______ that the train had left.A. to findB. findingC. foundD. to have found20. （05湖北卷）The repairs cost a lot ,but it’s money well ______.A．to spend B．spent C．being spent D．spendingKeys:BCBAC; ACACC; CCDAB; ABAAB。
