(完整版)2018专八语言知识题八大类高频考点

2018年英语专业八级真题及答案Mini-lecture1species2intellengence3learn from others4more elegant5wisdom6accumulation8efforts~~包~guo+扣扣21046907811benefits cooperation12establish identily14cooperation15solveMINI1.tradition2.subjective3.integrating4.more elegant5.profits of companies6.multipleMini-lecture1species2intellengence3learn from others4more elegant5wisdom包~guo+扣扣2104690786accumulation8efforts11benefits cooperation12establish identily14cooperation15solve改错1The.2 Like3 smaller 4 while 5 rise 6 But 7The 8are 9whil e 10Under Standing。

阅读，11A 12c 13b 14c 15d 16到20ABBDA 21到24 AABB 包~guo+扣扣21046907825. He think it‘s government’s responsibility26.Australia prefer British migrants27.Choosing differently between these two languages can havetotally different influence on the speaker28. There are two good reasons: asymmetrical ability and pr iming.包~guo+扣扣21046907811、澳大利亚人希望移民有很强的流动性，因为移民加速经济的增长，而失业率下降到一个低水平的移民，而外国的首都奥斯特拉西亚则和美国一样大。

专八必考知识点（1）1. A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens.2. Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or alanguage with reference to t heir distribution and patterning andto tacit rules governing pronunciation. 音位学; 在语言或一门语言中，对有关其分类和模式以及为大家所默认的发音规则的研究音韵学, 音系学3. Syntax: The study of the rules whereby words or otherelements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences. 句法，研究词或其它句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科4. Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms.语义学，以语言形式表示意思的研究或科学5. acronym : 首字母组合词，首字母缩略词，比如，NATO, UNESCO, BASIC,它们可以连拼，但VOA是 Initialism。

6. Metonymy: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another withwhich it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States gove rnment or ofthe sword for military power. 换喻或转喻，一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法，如用华盛顿代替美==或用剑代替军事力量，对面来了三个“红领巾”也是，以红领巾指代少先队员。

2018年专八试卷核对试卷一[20 M1NJPAK1 n JKA\JSI.AU<^Trun\kitc fhe ufuitrlimtl pari t/f rhe It'.rf fnun ('hinese info Fn吵询.何制尸trumfar^n 何A V.s H A/Z \HEk T HfREE «文―起昭便我灯的内Cf可以达到这样的擁’繼勰恥煎感*生活不如童时.戈聲书1»舞我们養供「“以迖到卅比塚宾咀h打I傀界沁弟叭即的木町tfe比我训曼先生活中的冰薪捕，犬比般心城实中时天要运「理实中没f 籃的辽节.扪杵.”吧仃氷價曲t最山恰埒祝英柠》押（岁常戏打朱渦叫汕ijt恢盘弼补找们现赏哇话申所存在的彳; 班和削艇： H2018TEM8 作文：追求完美好还是不好ps :作文为材料作文，两则材料，材料主题为“追求完美好还是不好”1. formal innovation2. rapport3. atte nding sect ion4. writing long papers5. high nu mbers6. being filmed7. comparable questio ns8. a n atural order9. figure out10. s e nsitiveIl.repeat ing12.i ntegrate into13.lo gical or n atural14. edit ing15. fu ndame ntal eleme nts听力：1. The initial letters of an easy-to-remember phrase2. [A] he's made up his mind to cha nge some of his passwords.3. in truders are patie nt eno ugh to compute.4. [D] The US takes up the leadi ng edge of tech no logy.5. [A] Why not to write dow n passwords on no tebooks6. [D] the developme nt of gen etic tests is out of people's expectati on.7. [C] misgivi ng.8. [A] improve self-discipline of the industry.9. [D] Alie nated.10. stre ngthe n its supervisi on with in limits.阅读：11. [C] they are lack ing in skills required by certa in jobs.12. [A] was a pion eer in the welfare state of Great Brita in.13. the frailties of huma n n ature.14. [D] appeara nee.15. [C] the pursuit of econo mic ben efit16. [A] was a famous tragic actor in his town.17. She was a girl of frail and weak body.18. the actresses were not available the n.19. [A] Domi nant.20. [D] was in agreeme nt with.21. [C] frow ns upo n22. [A] ben efited from the oppositi on party's bill.23. [D] Joh n McCain supports the bill due to his political sta ndpo int.24. deceitful阅读回答问题：25. Proposals should be directed to the journal office.26. The an alogy rests on the market economy 。

英语专业八级语言学一、语言和语言学1、语言的区别性特征：Design of features of language任意性arbitrariness 指语言符号和它代表的意义没有天然的联系二重性duality 指语言由两层结构组成创造性creativity 指语言可以被创造移位性displacement 指语言可以代表时间和空间上不可及的物体、时间、观点2、语言的功能（不是很重要）信息功能informative人际功能interpersonal施为功能performative感情功能emotive function寒暄功能phatic communication娱乐功能recreational function元语言功能metalingual function3、语言学主要分支语音学phonetics 研究语音的产生、传播、接受过程,考查人类语言中的声音音位学phonology 研究语音和音节结构、分布和序列形态学morphology 研究词的内部结构和构词规则句法学syntax 研究句子结构，词、短语组合的规则语义学semantics 不仅关心字词作为词汇的意义，还有语言中词之上和之下的意义。

如语素和句子的意义语用学pragmatics 在语境中研究意义4、宏观语言学macrolingustics心理语言学psycholinguistics 社会语言学sociolinguistics 人类语言学anthropological linguistics 计算机语言学computational linguistics5 语言学中的重要区别规定式和描写式：规定式：prescriptive说明事情应该是怎么样的描写式:descriptive 说明事情本来是怎么样的共时研究和历时研究：共时：synchronic 研究某个特定时期语言历时:diachronic 研究语言发展规律语言和言语:语言：langue指语言系统的整体言语:parole指具体实际运用的语言语言能力和语言运用：乔姆斯基（chomsky提出）能力:competence用语言的人的语言知识储备运用：performance 真实的语言使用者在实际中的语言使用二、语音学1、语音学分支发音语音学articulatory phonetics研究语言的产生声学语言学acoustic phonetics 研究语音的物理属性听觉语音学auditory phonetics 研究语言怎样被感知2 IPA(国际音标）是由daniel Jones琼斯提出的三、音位学1、最小对立体minimal pairs2、音位phoneme3 音位变体allophones4 互补分布complementary distribution5 自由变体free variation6 区别特征distinctive features7 超音段特征suprasegmental feature音节syllable 重音stress 语调tone 声调intonation四形态学1 词的构成语素morpheme 自由语素free morpheme 粘着语素bound morphemeRoot 词根词缀affix 词干stem屈折词汇和派生词汇inflectional affix and derivational affix2 特有的词汇变化lexical change proper新创词语invention 混拼词blending 缩写词abbreviation首字母缩写词acronym 逆构词汇back—formation例:editor—edit类推构词analogiacal creation 例：work-worked，,slay-slayed外来词borrowing五句法学1 范畴category 数number 性gender 格case 时tense 体aspect一致关系concord 支配关系govenrment2 结构主义学派the structure approach组合关系syntagmatic relation词和词组合在一起聚合关系paradigmatic 具有共同的语法作用的词聚在一起结构和成分construction and constituents :句子不仅是线性结构liner structure还是层级结构hierarch ical structure （句子或短语被称为结构体，而构成句子或短语即结构体的称为成分)3 直接成分分析法immediate constitutional analysis指把句子分成直接成分－短语，再把这些短语依次切分，得到下一集直接成分,这样层层切分,直到不能再分4 向心结构和离心结构endocentric and exocentric constructions向心：指一个结构中有中心词,例an old man ,中心为man离心：指结构中没有明显的中心词。

英语专八语言学知识复习资料汇编语言学知识在英语专业八级考试中占有重要地位，是单选题目的重要组成部分，掌握好语言学知识可有效提高专业八级考试成绩。

语言学知识共包括以下六个部分：语言学本质、语音学、音位学、形态学、句法学、语义学六个部分，这六部分从学习程度上分别以单词、句子、句群、段落知识依次递进，考生逐一理解掌握，才能打牢语言学基础知识，下面我们开始吧！第一节语言的本质一、语言的普遍特征（Design Features）任意性Arbitratriness双层结构Duality多产性productive移位性Displacemennt文化传播性Cultural Transmission二、语言的功能（Functions of Language）传达信息功能Informative：最主要功能The main functio n人际功能Interpersonal：establish and maintain their identity行事功能performative：现实应用——判刑、咒语、为船命名等Judge，naming，and curses表情功能Emotive：表达强烈情感的语言，如感叹词/句exclamatory expressions寒暄功能Phatic：应酬话phatic language，比如“吃了没？”“天儿真好啊！” 等等元语言功能Metalingual：用语言来谈论、改变语言本身，如book可以指现实中的书也可以用“book这个词来表达作为语言单位的“书”三、语言学的分支1. 核心语言学Core linguistic语音学Phonetics音位学Phonology形态学Morphology句法学Syntax.语义学Semantics语用学Pragmatics2. 边缘语言学Peripheral:·心理语言学psycho-linguistics·社会语言学socio-linguistics·人类语言学anthropo-linguistics·计算机语言学computer-linguistics四、语言学中几对基本概念1. 规定性研究Prescriptive与描述性研究DescriptivePrescriptive：着重于语言中“标准Standards”认为语言中存在着一种地位最高的语言形态，如标准语法/语音等，为规定人们如何说话、写作Descriptive：着重于语言中“事实Facts”，目的是描述人们一般是怎样说话、写作的2. 共时研究Synchronic和历时研究Diachronic3．语言Langue和言语Parole（由Ferdinand de Saussure索绪尔提出）Langue：指语言系统的整体the whole linguistic system，所有语言使用个体头脑中存储的word-image的总和，这个整体相对比较稳定。

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TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2018)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIIT：150 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.SECTION B INTERVIEWI n this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A), B), C) and D), and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to the first interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on Part One of the interview.Now listen to the interview.1. A. Announcement of results.B. Lack of a time schedule.C. Slowness in ballots counting.D. Direction of the electoral events.2. A. Other voices within Afghanistan wanted so.B. The date had been set previously.C. All the ballots had been counted.D. The UN advised them to do so.3. A. To calm the voters.B. To speed up the process.C. To stick to the election rules.D. To stop complaints from the labor.4. A. Unacceptable.B. Unreasonable.C. Insensible.D. Ill considered.5. A. Supportive.B. Ambivalent.C. Opposed.D. Neutral.Now listening to Part Two of the interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on Part Two of the interview.6. A. Ensure the government includes all parties.B. Discuss who is going to be the winner.C. Supervise the counting of votes.D. Seek support from important sectors.7. A. 36%-24%.B. 46%-34%.C. 56%-44%.D. 66%-54%.8. A. Both candidates.B. Electoral institutions.C. The United Nations.D. Not specified.9. A. It was unheard of.B. It was on a small scale.C. It was insignificant.D. It occurred elsewhere.10.A. Problems in the electoral process.B. Formation of a new government.C. Premature announcement of results.D. Democracy in Afghanistan.PART ⅡREADING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN] SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1) “Britain’s best export,” I was told by the Department of Immigration in Canberra, “is people.” Close on 100,000 people have applied for assisted passages in the first five months of the year, and half of these are eventually expected to migrate to Australia.(2) The Australian are delighted. They are keenly ware that without a strong flow of immigrants into the workforce the development of the Australian economy is unlikely to proceed at the ambitious pace currently envisaged. The new mineral discoveries promise a splendid future, and the injection of huge amounts of American and British capital should help to ensure that they are properly exploited, but with unemployment in Australia down to less than 1.3 per cent, the government is understandably anxious to attract more skilled labor.(3) Australia is roughly the same size as the continental United States, but has only twelve million inhabitants. Migration has accounted for half the population increase in the last four years, and has contributed greatly to the country’s impressive economic development. Britain has always been the principal source – ninety per cent of Australians are of British descent, and Britain has provided one million migrants since the Second World War.(4) Australia has also given great attention to recruiting people elsewhere. Australians decided they had an excellent potential source of applicants among the so-called “guest workers” who have crossed their own frontiers to work in other arts of Europe. There were estimated to be more than four million of them, and a large number were offered subsidized passages and guaranteed jobs in Australia. Italy has for some years been the second biggest source of migrants, and the Australians have also managed to attract a large number of Greeks and Germans.(5) One drawback with them, so far as the Australians are concerned, is that integration tends to be more difficult. Unlike the British, continental migrants have to struggle with an unfamiliar language and new customs. Many naturally gravitate towards the Italian or Greek communities which have grown up in cities such as Sydney and Melbourne. These colonies have their own newspapers, their own shops, and their own clubs. Their habitants are not Australians, but Europeans.(6) The government’s avowed aim, however, is to maintain “a substantially homogeneous society into which newcomers, from whatever sources, will merge themselves”. By and large, therefore, Australia still prefers British migrants, and tends to be rather less selective in their case than it is with others.(7) A far bigger cause of concerns than the growth of national groups, however, is the increasing number of migrants who return to their countries of origin. One reason is that people nowadays tend to be more mobile, and that it is easier than in the past to save the return fare, but economic conditions also have something to do with it. A slower rate of growth invariably produces discontent – and if this coincides with greater prosperity in Europe, a lot of people tend to feel that perhaps they were wrong to come here after all.(8) Several surveys have been conducted recently into the reasons why people go home. One noted that “flies, dirt, and outside lavatories” were on the list of complaints from British immigrants, and added that many people also complained about “the crudity, bad manners, and unfriendliness of the Australians”. Another survey gave climate conditions, homesickness, and “the stark appearance of the Australian countryside” as the main reasons for leaving.(9) Most British migrants miss council housing the National Health scheme, and their relatives and former neighbor. Loneliness is a big factor, especially among housewives. The men soon make new friends at work, but wives tend to find it much harder to get used to a different way of life. Many are housebound because of inadequate public transport in most outlying suburbs, and regular correspondence with their old friends at home only serves to increase their discontent. One housewife was quoted recently as saying: “I even find I miss the people I used to hate at home.”(10) Rent are high, and there are long waiting lists for Housing Commission homes. Sickness can be an expensive business and the climate can be unexpectedly rough. The gap between Australian and British wage packets is no longer big, and people are generally expected to work harder here than they do at home. Professional men over forty often have difficulty in finding a decent job. Above all, perhaps, skilled immigrants often finds a considerable reluctance to accept their qualifications.(11) According to the journal Australian Manufacturer, the attitude of many employers and fellow workers is anything but friendly. “We Australians,” it stated in a recent issue, “are just too fond of painting the rosy picture of the big, warm-hearted Aussie. As a matter of fact, we are so busy blowing our own trumpets that we have not not time to be warm-hearted and considerate. Go down “heart-break alley” among some of the migrants and find out just how expansive the Aussie is to his immigrants.”11.The Australians want a strong flow of immigrants because .A.Immigrants speed up economic expansionB.unemployment is down to a low figureC.immigrants attract foreign capitalD.Australia is as large as the United States12.Australia prefers immigrants from Britain because .A.they are selected carefully before entryB.they are likely to form national groupsC.they easily merge into local communitiesD.they are fond of living in small towns13.In explaining why some migrants return to Europe the author .A.stresses their economic motivesB.emphasizes the variety of their motivesC.stresses loneliness and homesicknessD.emphasizes the difficulties of men over forty14.which of the following words is used literally, not metaphorically?A.“flow” (Para. 2).B.“injection” (Para. 2).C.“gravitate” (Para. 5).D.“selective” (Para. 6).15.Para. 11 pictures the Australians as .A.unsympatheticB.ungenerousC.undemonstrativeD.unreliablePASSAGE TWO(1) Some of the advantages of bilingualism include better performance at tasks involving “executive function” (which involves the brain’s ability to plan and prioritize), better defense against dementia in old age and—the obvious—the ability to speak a second language. One purported advantage was not mentioned, though. Many multilinguals report different personalities, or even different worldviews, when they speak their different languages.(2) It’s an exciting notion, the idea that one’s very self could be broadened by the mastery of two or more languages. In obvious ways (exposure to new friends, literature and so forth) the self really is broadened. Yet it is different to claim—as many people do—to have a different personality when using a different language. A former Economist colleague, for example, reported being ruder in Hebrew than in English. So what is going on here?(3) Benjamin Lee Whorf, an American linguist who died in 1941, held that each language encodes a worldview that significantly influences its speakers. Often called “Whorfianism”,this idea has its sceptics, but there are still good reasons to believe language shapes thought.(4) This influence is not necessarily linked to the vocabulary or grammar of a second language. Significantly, most people are not symmetrically bilingual. Many have learned one language at home from parents, and another later in life, usually at school. So bilinguals usually have different strengths and weaknesses in their different languages—and they are not always best in their first language. For example, when tested in a foreign language, people are less likely to fall into a cognitive trap (answering a test question with an obvious-seeming but wrong answer) than when tested in their native language. In part this is because working in a second language slows down the thinking. No wonder people feel different when speaking them. And no wonder they feel looser, more spontaneous, perhaps more assertive or funnier or blunter, in the language they were reared in from childhood.(5) What of “crib” bilinguals, raised in two languages? Even they do not usually have perfectly symmetrical competence in their two languages. But even for a speaker whose two languages are very nearly the same in ability, there is another big reason that person will feel different in the two languages. This is because there is an important distinction between bilingualism and biculturalism.(6) Many bilinguals are not bicultural. But some are. And of those bicultural bilinguals, we should be little surprised that they feel different in their two languages. Experiments in psychology have shown the power of “priming”—small unnoticed factors that can affect behavior in big ways. Asking people to tell a happy story, for example, will put them in a better mood. The choice between two languages is a huge prime. Speaking Spanish rather than English, for a bilingual and bicultural Puerto Rican in New York, might conjure feelings of family and home. Switching to English might prime the same person to think of school and work.(7) So there are two very good reasons (asymmetrical ability, and priming) that make people feel different speaking their different languages. We are still left with a third kind of argument, though. An economist recently interviewed here at Prospero, Athanasia Chalari, said for example that:Greeks are very loud and they interrupt each other very often. The reason for that is the Greek grammar and syntax. When Greeks talk they begin their sentences with verbs and the form of the verb includes a lot of information so you already know what they are talking about after the first word and can interrupt more easily.(8) Is there something intrinsic to the Greek language that encourages Greeks to interrupt? People seem to enjoy telling tales about their languages' inherent properties, and how they influence their speakers. A group of French intellectual worthies once proposed, rather self-flatteringly, that French be the sole legal language of the EU, because of its supposedly unmatchable rigor and precision. Some Germans believe that frequently putting the verb at the end of a sentence makes the language especially logical. But language myths are not always self-flattering: many speakers think their languages are unusually illogical or difficult—witness the plethora of books along the lines of "Only in English do you park on a driveway and drive on a parkway; English must be the craziest language in the world!" We also see some unsurprising overlap with national stereotypes and self-stereotypes: French, rigorous; German, logical; English, playful. Of course.(9) In this case, Ms Chalari, a scholar, at least proposed a specific and plausible line ofcausation from grammar to personality: in Greek, the verb comes first, and it carries a lot of information, hence easy interrupting. The problem is that many unrelated languages all around the world put the verb at the beginning of sentences. Many languages all around the world are heavily inflected, encoding lots of information in verbs. It would be a striking finding if all of these unrelated languages had speakers more prone to interrupting each other. Welsh, for example, is also both verb-first and about as heavily inflected as Greek, but the Welsh are not known as pushy conversationalists.16. According to the author, which of the following advantages of bilingualism is commonly accepted?A. Personality improvement.B. Better task performance.C. Change of worldviews.D. Avoidance of old-age disease.17. According to the passage, that language influences thought may be related to .A. the vocabulary of a second languageB. the grammar of a second languageC. the improved test performance in a second languageD. the slowdown of thinking in a second language18. What is the author’s response to the question at the beginning of Para. 8?A. It’s just one of the popular tales of national stereotypes.B. Some properties inherent can make a language logical.C. German and French are good examples of Whorfianism.D. There is adequate evidence to support a positive answer.19. Which of the following statements concerning Para. 9 is correct?A. Ms. Chalari’s theory about the Greek language is well grounded.B. Speakers of many other languages are also prone to interrupting.C. Grammar is unnecessarily a condition for change in personality.D. Many unrelated languages don’t have the same features as Greek.20. In discussing the issue, the author’s attitude is .A. satiricalB. objectiveC. criticalD. ambivalentPASSAGE THREE(1) Once across the river and into the wholesale district, she glanced about her for some likely door at which to apply. As she contemplated the wide windows and imposing signs, she became conscious of being gazed upon and understood for what she was-a wage-seeker. She had never done this thing before, and lacked courage. To avoid a certain indefinable shame shefelt at being caught spying about for a position, she quickened her steps and assumed an air of indifference supposedly common to one upon an errand. In this way she passed many manufacturing and wholesale houses without once glancing in. At last, after several blocks of walking, she felt that this would not do, and began to look about again, though without relaxing her pace. A little way on she saw a great door which, for some reason, attracted her attention. It was ornamented by a small brass sign, and seemed to be the entrance to a vast hive of six or seven floors. "Perhaps," she thought, "they may want some one," and crossed over to enter. When she came within a score of feet of the desired goal, she saw through the window a young man in a grey checked suit. That he had anything to do with the concern, she could not tell, but because he happened to be looking in her direction her weakening heart misgave her and she hurried by, too overcome with shame to enter. Over the way stood a great six-story structure, labelled Storm and King, which she viewed with rising hope. It was a wholesale dry goods concern and employed women. She could see them moving about now and then upon the upper floors. This place she decided to enter, no matter what. She crossed over and walked directly toward the entrance. As she did so, two men came out and paused in the door. A telegraph messenger in blue dashed past her and up the few steps that led to the entrance and disappeared. Several pedestrians out of the hurrying throng which filled the sidewalks passed about her as she paused, hesitating. She looked helplessly around, and then, seeing herself observed, retreated. It was too difficult a task. She could not go past them.(2) So severe a defeat told sadly upon her nerves. Her feet carried her mechanically forward, every foot of her progress being a satisfactory portion of a flight which she gladly made. Block after block passed by. Upon streetlamps at the various corners she read names such as Madison, Monroe, La Salle, Clark, Dearborn, State, and still she went, her feet beginning to tire upon the broad stone flagging. She was pleased in part that the streets were bright and clean. The morning sun, shining down with steadily increasing warmth, made the shady side of the streets pleasantly cool. She looked at the blue sky overhead with more realization of its charm than had ever come to her before.(3) Her cowardice began to trouble her in a way. She turned back, resolving to hunt up Storm and King and enter. On the way, she encountered a great wholesale shoe company, through the broad plate windows of which she saw an enclosed executive department, hidden by frosted glass. Without this enclosure, but just within the street entrance, sat a grey-haired gentleman at a small table, with a large open ledger before him. She walked by this institution several times hesitating, but, finding herself unobserved, faltered past the screen door and stood humble waiting.(4) "Well, young lady," observed the old gentleman, looking at her somewhat kindly, "what is it you wish?"(5) "I am, that is, do you--I mean, do you need any help?" she stammered.(6) "Not just at present," he answered smiling. "Not just at present. Come in some time next week. Occasionally we need some one."(7) She received the answer in silence and backed awkwardly out. The pleasant nature of her reception rather astonished her. She had expected that it would be more difficult, that something cold and harsh would be said--she knew not what. That she had not been put to shame and made to feel her unfortunate position, seemed remarkable. She did not realize that it was just this which made her experience easy, but the result was the same. She felt greatly relieved.(8) Somewhat encouraged, she ventured into another large structure. It was a clothing company, and more people were in evidence.(9) An office boy approached her.(10) "Who is it you wish to see?" he asked.(11) "I want to see the manager," she returned.(12) He ran away and spoke to one of a group of three men who were conferring together. One of these came towards her.(13) "Well?" he said coldly. The greeting drove all courage from her at once.(14) "Do you need any help?" she stammered.(15) "No," he replied abruptly, and turned upon his heel.(16) She went foolishly out, the office boy deferentially swinging the door for her, and gladly sank into the obscuring crowd. It was a severe setback to her recently pleased mental state.21. She quickened her steps because she .A. was afraid of being seen as a strangerB. was in a hurry to leave the districtC. wanted to look like someone working thereD. wanted to apply at more factories that day22. Why didn’t she enter Storm and King the first time?A. She was too timid to enter the buildingB. Two men stopped her at the entranceC. Several pedestrians had found her strangeD. The messenger had closed the door behind him23. What does “every foot of her progress being a satisfactory portion of a flight which she gladly made” mean according to the context (Para.2)?A. She thought she was making progress in job search.B. She was glad that she was looking for a job.C. She found her experience satisfactory.D. She just wanted to leave the place.24. Why did she feel greatly relieved (Para.7)?A. She eventually managed to enter the building.B. She was kindly received by the clerk.C. She had the courage to make an inquiry.D. She was promised a work position.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE25. What do “promise” and “should” in Para. 2 imply about author’s vision of Australia’seconomy？26. Explain the meaning of “the growth of national groups” according to the context (Para. 7). PASSAGE TWO27. Explain the meaning of “The choice between two languages is a huge prime.” according tothe context (Para. 6)28. What reasons does the author give to explain why people feel different when speaking different languages？29. What does the author focus on in the passage?PASSAGE THREE30. Select and write down at least THREE words or phrases in Para. 1 describing the girl’s inner feelings while walking in the streets looking for a job.31. Explain the meaning of “So severe a defeat told sadly upon her nerves.” according to the context (Para. 2).32. In “It was a severe setback to her recently pleased mental state.” (Para. 16), what does “her recently pleased mental state” refer to according to the context?PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [15 MIN] The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in theblank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧”sign andwrite the word you believe to be missing in the blank providedat the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/”and put theword in the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitProofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET THREE as instructedTranslate the underlined part of the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE文学书籍起码使我们的内心可以达到这样的三感：善感、敏感和美感。

英语专业八级语法全解析英语专业八级考试是考察学生英语语法能力的重要关口，其中语法部分是考生们普遍认为难度较大的一个方面。

为了帮助各位考生更好地备战八级语法考试，本文将对英语专业八级语法做全面解析，包括常见语法知识点、易错题型以及技巧建议等，希望可以为大家提供参考。

一、基础语法知识点解析在英语专业八级语法考试中，基础语法知识点是考生们必须掌握的内容。

主要包括时态、语态、句型、主谓一致、虚拟语气、定语从句等。

时态是英语句子中最基本的语法要素之一，主要用来表示动作发生的时间。

常见的时态包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时等。

考生们需要熟练掌握各种时态的构成规则以及用法，并能够正确运用在句子中。

语态是英语中一个较为复杂的语法知识点，分为主动语态和被动语态。

考生们需要了解语态的构成和转换规则，能够准确地辨别句子中的语态，并根据需要进行转换。

句型是英语句子的基本结构，包括陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句等。

考生们需要熟悉各种句型的特点和构成规则，能够准确地运用在语境中。

主谓一致是英语句子中一个常见的错误点，要求主语和谓语在人称和单复数上保持一致。

考生们需要特别注意主谓一致在复合句和倒装句中的运用，避免因为句子结构复杂而导致主谓不一致的错误。

虚拟语气是英语中一个较为抽象的语法概念，用来表示与事实相反的假设或虚拟情况。

常见的虚拟语气包括与过去事实相反的虚拟、与现在事实相反的虚拟和与将来事实相反的虚拟等。

考生们需要了解虚拟语气的构成和用法，能够准确地在句子中运用。

定语从句是英语中的一个较为复杂的句子结构，用来对名词或代词进行修饰。

定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导，位置灵活，但需要与先行词保持一致。

考生们需要熟练掌握定语从句的构成规则和用法，并能够灵活运用在句子中。

以上是英语专业八级语法考试中的基础知识点解析，希望考生们能够加强对这些内容的学习和掌握，为顺利通过考试打下坚实基础。

二、易错题型分析与应对策略在英语专业八级语法考试中，存在一些易错题型，包括主从复合句、倒装句、句子成分识别、非谓语动词、固定搭配等。

2018年英语专业八级真题QUESTIONBOOKLETTESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(2018)-GRADEEIGHT-TIMELIMIIT：150MINPARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION[25MIN]SECTION AMINI-LECTUREInthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelisteningtomini-lecture,pleasecompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONEandwriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachgap.Makesure youfillinisbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayu setheblanksheetfornote-taking.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopr eviewthegap-fillingtask.Nowlistentothemini-lecture.When itisover,youwillbegivenTHREEminutestocheckyourwork.SE CTIONBINTERVIEWInthissectionyouwillhearONEinterview.TheinterviewwillbedividedintoTWOparts.Attheendofeachpart,fivequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.BoththeinterviewandthequestionswillbespokenONCEONLY.Aftereac hquestiontherewillbeaten-secondpause.Duringthepause,you shouldreadthefourchoicesofA),B),C)andD),andmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.YouhaveT HIRTYsecondstopreviewthechoices.Now,listentothefirstinterview.Questions1to5arebasedonPartOneoftheinterview.Nowlickofatim eschedule.C.Slownessinballotscounting.D.Directionoftheel ectoralevents.A.OthervoiceswithinAfghanistanwantedso.B.Tedatehadbeensetpreviously.C.Alltheballotshadbeencounted.D.TheUNadvisedthemtodoso.A.Tocalmthevoters.B.T ospeeduptheprocess.C.Tosticktotheelectionrules.D.Tostopcomplaintsfromthelabor.A.Unacceptable.B.Unreasonable.C.Ins ensible.D.Illconsidered.A.Supportive.B.Ambivalent.C.Opposed.D.Neutral.NowlisteningtoPartTwooftheinterview.Questions6to10arebasedonPartTwooftheinterview.A.Ensurethegovern mentincludesallparties.B.Discusswhoisgoingtobethewinner.C.Supervisethecountingofvotes.D.Seeksupportfromimporta ntsectors.A.36%-24%.B.46%-34%.C.56%-44%.D.66%-54%.A.Bothcandidates.B.Electoralinstitutions.C.TheUnitedNations.D.Not specified.A.Itwasunheardof.B.Itwasonasmallscale.C.Itwasinsignificant.D.Itoccurredelsewhere.A.Problemsintheelectoralprocess.B.Formationofanewgovernment.C.Premature announcementofresults.D.DemocracyinAfghanistan.PARTⅡRE ADINGCOMPREHENSION[25MIN]SECTIONAMULTIPLECHOICEQUE STIONSInthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbyfourteenmu ltiplechoicequestions.Foreachmultiplechoicequestion,there arefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheone thatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouransweronANSWE RSHEETTWO.PASSAGEONE(1)“Britain’sbestexport,”Iwastol dbytheDepartmentofImmigrationinCanberra,“ispeople.”Clos e100,000peoplehaveappliedforassistedpassagesinthefirstfivemonthsoftheyear,andhalfoftheseareeventuallyexpected tomigratetoAustralia.(2)TheAustralianaredelighted.Theyarekeenlywarethatwithoutastrongflowofimmigrantsintothe workforcethedevelopmentoftheAustralianeconomyisunlikel ytoproceedattheambitiouspacecurrentlyenvisaged.Thenewmi neraldiscoveriespromiseasplendidfuture,andtheinjectionofhugeamountsofAmericanandBritishcapitalshouldhelptoensu rethattheyareproperlyexploited,butwithunemploymentinAus traliadowntolessthan1.3percent,thegovernmentisunderstan dablyanxioustoattractmoreskilledlabor.(3)AustraliaisroughlythesamesizeasthecontinentalUnitedStates,buthasonly twelvemillioninhabitants.Migrationhasaccountedforhalfthe populationincreaseinthelastfouryears,andhascontributedgreatlytothecountry’simpressiveeconomicdevelopment.Bri tainhasalwaysbeentheprincipalsource–ninetypercentofAustraliansareofBritishdescent,andBritainhasprovidedonemillionmigrantssincetheSecondWorldWar.(4)Australiahasalsogivengreatattentiontorecruitingpeopleelsewhere.Australians decidedtheyhadanexcellentpotentialsourceofapplicantsamo ngtheso-called“guestworkers”whohavecrossedtheirownfronti erstoworkinotherartsofEurope.Therewereestimatedtobemorethanfourmillionofthem,andalargenumberwereofferedsu bsidizedpassagesandguaranteedjobsinAustralia.Italyhasfor someyearsbeenthesecondbiggestsourceofmigrants,andtheA ustralianshavealsomanagedtoattractalargenumberofGreeks andGermans.(5)Onedrawbackwiththem,sofarastheAustralian sareconcerned,isthatintegrationtendstobemoredifficult.UnliketheBritish,continentalmigrantshavetostrugglewithan unfamiliarlanguageandnewcustoms.Manynaturallygravitatet owardstheItalianorGreekcommunitieswhichhavegrownupincit iessuchasSydneyandMelbourne.Thesecolonieshavetheirown newspapers,theirownshops,andtheirownclubs.Theirhabitants arenotAustralians,butEuropeans.(6)Thegovernment’savow edaim,however,istomaintain“asubstantiallyhomogeneoussocie tyintowhichnewcomers,fromwhateversources,willmergethems elves”.Byandlarge,therefore,AustraliastillprefersBritishmigrants,andtendstoberatherlessselectiveintheircasethanitiswithothers.(7)Afarbiggercauseofconcernsthanthegrowthofnationalgroups,however,istheincreasingnumberofmigra ntswhoreturntotheircountriesoforigin.Onereasonisthatpeoplenowadaystendtobemoremobile,andthatitiseasierthan inthepasttosavethereturnfare,buteconomicconditionsalsohavesomethingtodowithit.Aslowerrateofgrowthinvariablyproducesdiscontent–andifthiscoincideswithgreaterprospe rityinEurope,alotofpeopletendtofeelthatperhapstheywerewrongtocomehereafterall.(8)Severalsurveyshavebeenconductedrecentlyintothereasonswhypeoplegohome.Onenote dthat“flies,dirt,andoutsidelavatories”wereonthelistofcomplaintsfromBritishimmigrants,andaddedthatmanypeoplealso complainedabout“thecrudity,badmanners,andunfriendlines softheAustralians”.Anothersurveygaveclimateconditions,home sickness,and“thestarkappearanceoftheAustraliancountryside”asthemainreasonsforleaving.(9)MostBritishmigrantsmisscouncilhousingtheNationalHealthscheme,andtheirrelativesan dformerneighbor.Lonelinessisabigfactor,especiallyamonghousewives.Themensoonmakenewfriendsatwork,butwivesten dtofinditmuchhardertogetusedtoadifferentwayoflife.Manyarehouseboundbecauseofinadequatepublictransportinmo stoutlyingsuburbs,andregularcorrespondencewiththeiroldfriendsathomeonlyservestoincreasetheirdiscontent.Onehousewif ewasquotedrecentlyassaying:“IevenfindImissthepeopleIusedtohateathome.”(10)Rentarehigh,andtherearelongwaitinglistsforHousingCommissionhomes.Sicknesscanbeanexp ensivebusinessandtheclimatecanbeunexpectedlyrough.Thega pbetweenAustralianandBritishwagepacketsisnolongerbig,andpeoplearegenerallyexpectedtoworkharderherethantheydo athome.Professionalmenoverfortyoftenhavedifficultyinfindingadecentjob.Aboveall,perhaps,skilledimmigrantsoftenfindsaconsiderablereluctancetoaccepttheirqualifications.(11)AccordingtothejournalAustralianManufacturer,theattitudeofmanyemployersandfellowworkersisanythingbut friendly.“WeAustralians,”itstatedinarecentissue,“arejusttoofondofpaintingtherosypictureofthebig,warm-heartedAussie.Asamatteroffact,wearesobusyblowingourowntrumpetsthatwe havenotnottimetobewarm-heartedandconsiderate.Godown“heart-breakalley”amongsomeofth emigrantsandfindoutjustho wexpansivetheAussieistohisimmigrants.”TheAustralianswan tastrongflowofimmigrantsbecause.Immigrantsspeedupecon omicexpansionunemploymentisdowntoalowfigureimmigran tsattractforeigncapitalAustraliaisaslargeastheUnitedStatesAustraliaprefersimmigrantsfromBritainbecause.theyareselectedcarefullybeforeentrytheyarelikelytoformnationalgroupstheyeasilymergeintolocalcommunitiestheyarefondoflivinginsmalltownsInexplainingwhysomemigrantsreturntoEuro petheauthor.stressestheireconomicmotivesemphasizesthevar ietyoftheirmotivesstresseslonelinessandhomesicknessemph asizesthedifficultiesofmenoverfortywhichofthefollowingwo rdsisusedliterally,notmetaphorically?“flow”(Para.2).“injection”(Para.2).“gravitate”(Para.5).“selective”(Para.6).P ara.11picturestheAustraliansas.unsympatheticungenerousu ndemonstrativeunreliablePASSAGETWO(1)Someoftheadvan tagesofbilingualismincludebetterperformanceattasksinvolving“executivefunction”(whichinvolvesthebrain’sabilitytoplanandprioritize),betterdefenseagainstdementiainoldageand—theo bvious—theabilitytospeakasecondlanguage.Onepurportedadva ntagewasnotmentioned,though.Manymultilingualsreportdif ferentpersonalities,orevendifferentworldviews,whentheyspeaktheirdifferentlanguages.(2)It’sanexcitingnotion,theideathatone’sveryselfcouldbebroadenedbythemasteryoftwoormorelanguages.Inobviousways(exposuretonewfriends,litera tureandsoforth)theselfreallyisbroadened.Yetitisdifferenttoclaim—asmanypeopledo—tohaveadifferentpersonalitywhenusingadifferentlanguage.AformerEconomistcolleague,forexample,reportedbeingruderinHebrewthaninEnglish.Sowhat isgoingonhere?(3)BenjaminLeeWhorf,anAmericanlinguistwh odiedin1941,heldthateachlanguageencodesaworldviewthatsignificantlyinfluencesitsspeakers.Oftencalled“Whorfianism”,thisideahasitssceptics,buttherearestillgoodreasonstobelievelanguageshapesthought.(4)Thisinfluenceisnotnecessarilylinkedtothevocabularyorgrammarofasecondlanguage.Significantly,mostpeoplearenotsymmetricallybilingual.Many havelearnedonelanguageathomefromparents,andanotherlat erinlife,usuallyatschool.Sobilingualsusuallyhavedifferentstrengthsandweaknessesintheirdifferentlanguages—andtheyarenotalwaysbestintheirfirstlanguage.Forexample,whentestedinaforeignlanguage,peoplearelesslikelytofallintoacognitivetrap(answeringatestquestionwithanobvious-seemingbutwronganswer)thanwhentestedintheirnativelanguage.In partthisisbecauseworkinginasecondlanguageslowsdownthe thinking.Nowonderpeoplefeeldifferentwhenspeakingthem.A ndnowondertheyfeellooser,morespontaneous,perhapsmoreass ertiveorfunnierorblunter,inthelanguagetheywererearedinfromchildhood.(5)Whatof“crib”bilinguals,raisedintwolangu ages?Eventheydonotusuallyhaveperfectlysymmetricalcompe tenceintheirtwolanguages.Butevenforaspeakerwhosetwolang uagesareverynearlythesameinability,thereisanotherbigreasonthatpersonwillfeeldifferentinthetwolanguages.Thisisbecausethereisanimportantdistinctionbetweenbilingualism andbiculturalism.(6)Manybilingualsarenotbicultural.Butsomeare.Andofthosebiculturalbilinguals,weshouldbelittlesurprisedthattheyfeeldifferentintheirtwolanguages.Experimentsinpsychologyhaveshownthepowerof“priming”—smallunnoticedfactorsthatcanaffectbehaviorinbigways.Askingpeopletotellahappystory,forexample,willputtheminabettermood.Thechoicebetweentwolanguagesisahugeprime.SpeakingS panishratherthanEnglish,forabilingualandbiculturalPuertoRicaninNewYork,mightconjurefeelingsoffamilyandhome.Swit chingtoEnglishmightprimethesamepersontothinkofschoola ndwork.(7)Sotherearetwoverygoodreasons(asymmetricalabi lity,andpriming)thatmakepeoplefeeldifferentspeakingtheirdifferentlanguages.Wearestillleftwithathirdkindofargument,though.AneconomistrecentlyinterviewedhereatProspe ro,AthanasiaChalari,saidforexamplethat:Greeksareveryloudandtheyinterrupteachotherveryoften.ThereasonforthatistheGreekgrammarandsyntax.WhenGreekstalktheybegintheirs entenceswithverbsandtheformoftheverbincludesalotofinformationsoyoualreadyknowwhattheyaretalkingaboutafterth efirstwordandcaninterruptmoreeasily.(8)IstheresomethingintrinsictotheGreeklanguagethatencouragesGreekstointer rupt?Peopleseemtoenjoytellingtalesabouttheirlanguages''inherentproperties,andhowtheyinfluencetheirspeakers.Agro upofFrenchintellectualworthiesonceproposed,ratherself-flatteringly,thatFrenchbethesolelegallanguageoftheEU,becauseofitssupposedlyunmatchablerigorandprecision.SomeGer mansbelievethatfrequentlyputtingtheverbattheendofasentencemakesthelanguageespeciallylogical.Butlanguagemythsare notalwaysself-flattering:manyspeakersthinktheirlanguagesa reunusuallyillogicalordifficult—witnesstheplethoraofbooksalongthelinesof"OnlyinEnglishdoyouparkonadrivewayanddriveonaparkway;Englishmustbethecraziestlanguageintheworld!"Wealsoseesomeunsurprisingoverlapwithnationalste reotypesandself-stereotypes:French,rigorous;German,logical;English,playful.Ofcourse.(9)Inthiscase,MsChalari,ascholar,atleastproposedaspecificandplausiblelineofcausationfromgrammartopersonality:inGreek,theverbcomesfirst,anditcarriesalotofinformation,henceeasyinterrupting.Theproblemisthatmanyunrelatedlanguagesallaroundtheworldp uttheverbatthebeginningofsentences.Manylanguagesallaroun dtheworldareheavilyinflected,encodinglotsofinformationinverbs.Itwouldbeastrikingfindingifalloftheseunrelatedlanguageshadspeakersmorepronetointerruptingeachother. Welsh,forexample,isalsobothverb-firstandaboutasheavilyinflectedasGreek,buttheWelsharenotknownaspushyconversati onalists.16.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingadva ntagesofbilingualismiscommonlyaccepted?A.Personalityimp rovement.B.Bettertaskperformance.C.Changeofworldviews.D .Avoidanceofold-agedisease.17.Accordingtothepassage,th atlanguageinfluencesthoughtmayberelatedto.A.thevocabularyofasecondlanguageB.thegrammarofasecondlanguageC .theimprovedtestperformanceinasecondlanguageD.theslowdownofthinkinginasecondlanguage18.Whatistheauthor’s responsetothequestionatthebeginningofPara.8?A.It’sjustoneofthepopulartalesofnationalstereotypes.B.Somepropertiesinherentcanmakealanguagelogical.C.GermanandFren charegoodexamplesofWhorfianism.D.Thereisadequateevide ncetosupportapositiveanswer.19.Whichofthefollowingstatem entsconcerningPara.9iscorrect?A.Ms.Chalari’stheoryabouttheGreeklanguageiswellgrounded.B.Speakersofmanyother languagesarealsopronetointerrupting.C.Grammarisunneces sarilyaconditionforchangeinpersonality.D.Manyunrelatedlanguagesdon’thavethesamefeaturesasGreek.20.Indiscussingtheissue,theauthor’sattitudeis.A.satiricalB.objectiveC.criticalD.ambivalentPASSAGETHREE(1)Onceacrossther iverandintothewholesaledistrict,sheglancedaboutherforsomelikelydooratwhichtoapply.Asshecontemplatedthewidew indowsandimposingsigns,shebecameconsciousofbeinggaze duponandunderstoodforwhatshewas-awage-seeker.Shehadneverdonethisthingbefore,andlackedcourage.Toavoidacertainind efinableshameshefeltatbeingcaughtspyingaboutforapositi on,shequickenedherstepsandassumedanairofindifferencesu pposedlycommontooneuponanerrand.Inthiswayshepassed manymanufacturingandwholesalehouseswithoutonceglancingin. Atlast,afterseveralblocksofwalking,shefeltthatthiswouldnotdo,andbegantolookaboutagain,thoughwithoutrelaxingh erpace.Alittlewayonshesawagreatdoorwhich,forsomereason,attractedherattention.Itwasornamentedbyasmallbrasss ign,andseemedtobetheentrancetoavasthiveofsixorsevenfloors."Perhaps,"shethought,"theymaywantsomeone,"andcr ossedovertoenter.Whenshecamewithinascoreoffeetofthedesiredgoal,shesawthroughthewindowayoungmaninagreyc heckedsuit.Thathehadanythingtodowiththeconcern,shecoul dnottell,butbecausehehappenedtobelookinginherdirectio nherweakeningheartmisgaveherandshehurriedby,toooverco mewithshametoenter.Overthewaystoodagreatsix-storystructure,labelledStormandKing,whichsheviewedwithrisinghope.Itwasawholesaledrygoodsconcernandemployedwomen.She couldseethemmovingaboutnowandthenupontheupperfloors.Th isplaceshedecidedtoenter,nomatterwhat.Shecrossedoverand walkeddirectlytowardtheentrance.Asshedidso,twomencame outandpausedinthedoor.Atelegraphmessengerinbluedashed pastherandupthefewstepsthatledtotheentranceanddisappeared.Severalpedestriansoutofthehurryingthrongwhichfill edthesidewalkspassedaboutherasshepaused,hesitating.She lookedhelplesslyaround,andthen,seeingherselfobserved,retr eated.Itwastoodifficultatask.Shecouldnotgopastthem.(2)Sosevereadefeattoldsadlyuponhernerves.Herfeetcarriedhermechanicallyforward,everyfootofherprogressbeingasa tisfactoryportionofaflightwhichshegladlymade.Blockafterblockpassedby.Uponstreetlampsatthevariouscornerssherea dnamessuchasMadison,Monroe,LaSalle,Clark,Dearborn,Stat e,andstillshewent,herfeetbeginningtotireuponthebroadstoneflagging.Shewaspleasedinpartthatthestreetswerebrightandclean.Themorningsun,shiningdownwithsteadilyincreas ingwarmth,madetheshadysideofthestreetspleasantlycool.S helookedattheblueskyoverheadwithmorerealizationofitscharmthanhadevercometoherbefore.(3)Hercowardicebegant otroubleherinaway.Sheturnedback,resolvingtohuntupStormandKingandenter.Ontheway,sheencounteredagreatwholes aleshoecompany,throughthebroadplatewindowsofwhichshes awanenclosedexecutivedepartment,hiddenbyfrostedglass.With outthisenclosure,butjustwithinthestreetentrance,satagrey-hairedgentlemanatasmalltable,withalargeopenledgerbeforehim.Shewalkedbythisinstitutionseveraltimeshesitating,but,findingherselfunobserved,falteredpastthescreendoorandstoodhumblewaiting.(4)"Well,younglady,"observedtheold gentleman,lookingathersomewhatkindly,"whatisityouwish?"(5)"Iam,thatis,doyou--Imean,doyouneedanyhelp?"shestammered.(6)"Notjustatpresent,"heansweredsmiling."Notj einsometimenextweek.Occasionallywenee dsomeone."(7)Shereceivedtheanswerinsilenceandbackedawk wardlyout.Thepleasantnatureofherreceptionratherastonishe dher.Shehadexpectedthatitwouldbemoredifficult,thatsomethingcoldandharshwouldbesaid--sheknewnotwhat.Thatshe hadnotbeenputtoshameandmadetofeelherunfortunatepositi on,seemedremarkable.Shedidnotrealizethatitwasjustthiswhichmadeherexperienceeasy,buttheresultwasthesame.She feltgreatlyrelieved.(8)Somewhatencouraged,sheventuredint oanotherlargestructure.Itwasaclothingcompany,andmorepe oplewereinevidence.(9)Anofficeboyapproachedher.(10)"Wh oisityouwishtosee?"heasked.(11)"Iwanttoseethemanager,"shereturned.(12)Heranawayandspoketooneofagroupofthreemenwhowereconferringtogether.Oneofthesecameto wardsher.(13)"Well?"hesaidcoldly.Thegreetingdroveallcouragefromheratonce.(14)"Doyouneedanyhelp?"shestammered.(15)"No,"herepliedabruptly,andturneduponhisheel.(16)Shewentfoolishlyout,theofficeboydeferentiallyswingingthedoorforher,andgladlysankintotheobscuringcrowd.Itwasaseveresetbacktoherrecentlypleasedmentalstate.21.Shequick enedherstepsbecauseshe.A.wasafraidofbeingseenasastrangerB.wasinahurrytoleavethedistrictC.wantedtolooklikesomeoneworkingthereD.wantedtoapplyatmorefactori esthatday22.Whydidn’tsheenterStormandKingthefirsttimeA.ShewastootimidtoenterthebuildingB.TwomenstoppedherattheentranceC.SeveralpedestrianshadfoundherstrangeD.Themessengerhadclosedthedoorbehindhim23.Whatdoes “everyfootofherprogressbeingasatisfactoryportionofaflightwhichshegladlymade”meanaccordingtothecontext(Para.2 )?A.Shethoughtshewasmakingprogressinjobsearch.B.Shewasgladthatshewaslookingforajob.C.Shefoundherexperiencesatisfactory.D.Shejustwantedtoleavetheplace.24.Whydidshefeelgreatlyrelieved(Para.7)?A.Sheeventuallymanage dtoenterthebuilding.B.Shewaskindlyreceivedbytheclerk.C.Shehadthecouragetomakeaninquiry.D.Shewaspromisedaworkposition.SECTIONBSHORTANSWERQUESTIONSInthis sectionthereareeightshortanswerquestionsbasedonthepassage sinSECTIONA.AnswereachquestioninNOMORETHANTENWO RDSinthespaceprovidedonANSWERSHEETTWO.PASSAGEONE25.W hatdo“promise”and“should”inPara.2implyaboutauthor’svisionustralia’seconomy？26.Explainthemeaningof“thegrowthofnationalgroups”accordingtothecontext(Para.7).PASSAGETWO2 7.Explainthemeaningof“Thechoicebetweentwolanguagesisahu geprime.”accordingtotheco ntext(Para.6)28.Whatreasonsdoest heauthorgivetoexplainwhypeoplefeeldifferentwhenspeaking differentlanguages？29.Whatdoestheauthorfocusoninthepassage?PASSAGETHREE30.SelectandwritedownatleastTHREEw ordsorphrasesinPara.1describingthegirl’sinnerfeelingswhilewalkinginthestreetslookingforajob.31.Explainthemeaningof“Sosevereadefeattoldsadlyuponhernerves.”accordingto thecontext(Para.2).32.In“Itwasaseveresetbacktoherrecentlypleasedmentalstate.”(Para.16),whatdoes“herrecentlyp leasedmentalstate”refertoaccordingtoth econtext?PARTIIILANGUAGEUSAGE[15MIN]ThepassagecontainsTENerrors.Ea chindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofONEerror.Ineachcase,only ONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproof-readthepassageandcorrectitinthefollowingway:Forawrongword,underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.Foramissingword,markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha“∧”signandwritethewordyoubelievetobe missingintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.Foranunnecessaryword,crosstheunnecessarywordwithaslash“/”andtthewordintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.ExampleWhen∧artmuseumwantsanewexhibit,(1)anitneverbuysthingsinfinishedformandhangs(2)neverthemonthewall.Whenanaturalhistorymuseumwantsanexhibition,itmus toftenbuildit.(3)exhibitProofreadthegivenpassageonANSWERSHEETTHREEasinstructedPARTIVTRANSLATION[20MI N]TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextfromChinesei ntoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEETTHREE文学书籍起码使我们的内心可以达到这样的三感：善感、敏感和美感。

2018 专八语法独立主格知识点分析
专八语法是贯穿于英语专八考试整个试题中，2018 专八考试备考
初期建议考生们夯实基础。

小编为大家带来2018 专八语法知识点精
讲，希望专八考生们认真学习。

独立主格结构
独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分(分词、不定式、名
词、代词、形容词、副词或介词短语)构成。

独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，所以在语法上不是句子。

但多有
名词或代词表示的逻辑主语，分词或不定式表示的逻辑谓语，有时还有
其他修饰成分。

(判断一个结构是否是句子的标准就是看看这个结构是
否有谓语动词。

)这种结构通常在句子中起方式、时间、原因、条件等
状语或状语从句的作用，主要用于书面语。

使用动词非谓语形式的独立
主格结构可以改为句子形式(从句):独立主格结构加上连词，非谓语动词
改为谓语动词形式，这样就成为从句了。

例如:
Today being Sunday, the library isn&#39; t open.今天星期天，图书馆不开放。

(原因)改为从句:
As (Since) today is Sunday, the library isn&#39; t open.
例如:
There being no buses，we had to take a taxi. 没有汽车了，我们只好坐出租车了。

Because there were no buses, we had to take a taxi.
The signal given，the bus started.信号发出后，公共汽车就启动了。