新发展大学英语阅读与写作3课文翻译A house isn't a home without clutter(房子是不是没有杂乱的家)

新发展大学英语阅读与写作3课文翻译VAGUE THOUGHTSON ART模糊思考艺术VAGUE THOUGHTS ON ARTArt is that imaginative expression of human energy, which, through technical concretion of feeling and perception, tends to reconcile the individual with the universal, by exciting in him impersonal emotion. And the greatest Art is thatwhich excites the greatest impersonal emotion in an hypothecated perfect human being.Impersonal emotion! And what--I thought do I mean by that? Surely I mean: That is not Art, which, while I, am contemplating it, inspires me with any active or directive impulse; that is Art, when, for however brief a moment, it replaceswithin me interest in myself by interest in itself. For, let me suppose myself in the presence of a carved marble bath. If my thoughts be "What could I buy that for?" Impulse of acquisition; or: "From what quarry did it come?" Impulse of inquiry; or: "Which would be the right end for my head?" Mixed impulse of inquiry and acquisition--I am at that moment insensible to it as a work of Art. But, if I stand before it vibratingat sight of its colour and forms, if ever so little and for ever soshort a time, unhaunted by any definite practical thought or impulse--to that extent and for that moment it has stolen me away out of myself and put itself there instead; has linked me to theuniversal by making me forget the individual in me. And for that moment, and only while that moment lasts, it is to me a work of Art. The word "impersonal," then, isbut used in this my definition to signify momentary forgetfulness of one's own personality and its active wants.So Art--I thought--is that which, heard, read, or looked on, while producing no directive impulse, warms one with unconscious vibration. Nor can I imagine any means of defining what is the greatest Art, without hypothecating a perfect human being. But since we shall never see, or know if we do see, that desirable creature--dogmatism is banished, "Academy" is dead to the discussion, deader than even Tolstoy left it after his famous treatise "What is Art?" For, having destroyed all the old Judges and Academies, Tolstoy, by saying that the greatest Art was that which appealed to the greatest number of living human beings, raised up the masses of mankind to be a definite new Judge orAcademy, as tyrannical and narrow as ever were those whom he had destroyed.This, at all events--I thought is as far as I dare go in defining what Art is. But let me try to make plain to myself what is the essential quality that gives to Art the power of exciting this unconscious vibration, this impersonal emotion. It has been called Beauty! An awkward word--a perpetual begging of the question; too current in use, too ambiguous altogether; now too narrow, now too wide--a word, in fact, too glib to know at all what it means. And how dangerous a word--often misleading us into slabbing with extraneous floridities what would otherwise, on its own plane, be Art! To be decorative where decoration is not suitable, to be lyrical wherelyricism is out of place, is assuredly to spoil Art, not to achieve it. But this essential quality of Art has also, and more happily, beencalled Rhythm. And, what is Rhythm if not that mysterious harmony between part and part, and part and whole, which gives what is called life; thatexact proportion, the mystery of which is best grasped in observing how life leaves an animate creature when the essentialrelation of part to whole has been sufficiently disturbed. And I agree that this rhythmic relation of part to part, and part to whole--in short, vitality--is the one quality inseparable from a work of Art. For nothing which does not seem to a man possessed of this rhythmic vitality, can ever steal him out of himself.And having got thus far in my thoughts, I paused, watching the swallows; for they seemed to me the symbol, in their swift, sure curvetting, all daring and balance and surprise, of the delicate poise and motion of Art, that visits no two men alike, in a world where no two things of all the things there be, are quite the same.Yes--I thought--and this Art is the one form of human energy in the whole world, which really works for union, and destroys the barriers between man and man. It is the continual, unconscious replacement, however fleeting, of oneself by another; the real cement of human life; the everlasting refreshment and renewal. For, what is grievous, dompting, grim, about our lives is that we are shut up within ourselves, with an itch to get outside ourselves. And to be stolen away from ourselves by Art is a momentary relaxation from that itching, a minute's profound,and as it were secret, enfranchisement. The active amusements and relaxations of life can only rest certain of our faculties, by indulging others; the whole self is never rested save through that unconsciousness of self, which comes through rapt contemplation of Nature or of Art.Yes, Art is the great and universal refreshment. For Art is never dogmatic; holds no brief for itself you may take it or you may leave it. It does not force itself rudely where it is not wanted. It is reverent to all tempers, to all points of view. But it is wilful-- the very wind in the comings and goings of its influence, an uncapturable fugitive, visiting our hearts at vagrant, sweet moments; since we often stand even before the greatest works of Art without being able quite to lose ourselves! That restful oblivion comes, we never quite know when--and it is gone! But when it comes, it is a spirit hovering with cool wings, blessing us from least to greatest, according to our powers; a spirit deathless and varied as human life itself.模糊思考艺术艺术是富有想象力的表达人类的能源,通过感觉和知觉的技术结核,趋向于协调个人与宇宙,在他没有人情味的情感通过刺激。

新标准大学英语综合教程3课文翻译Unit 01 Working Holiday AbroadHow My Working Holiday Changed MeHayley1 Now that I have been home for a while and have had time to reflect on my working holiday in Vancouver, I’ve thought a lot about who I was before I left for Canada and who I am prese ntly.1 我回到家已经有一段时间了，有空回顾在温哥华的打工度假经历。

对于去加拿大之前的自我和如今的自我，我思考了很多。

2 Prior to leaving, I was not in a good place. I had suffered a lot of personal blows and felt emotionally stretched. I lost my grandma, my job and had two car crashes in five months. I needed something to change in my life, and that came in the form of a working holiday visa.2 出发前，我的境况不好。

个人生活上经受了许多打击，精神压力很大。

我失去了我的祖母，我的工作，5个月里遭遇两起车祸。

我需要生活得到改变，于是便有了打工度假签证这回事。

3 In less than three months I filled out the necessary paperwork, booked my plane ticket and fled Brisbane. I spent fifteen months living and working in Vancouver, Canada and eighteen months in total away from Australia. This is how that working holiday changed me and my life.3 在不到三个月的时间里，我填写了所需的表格，订好了机票，逃离布里斯班。

unit 1 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeIn America many people have a romantic idea of life in the countryside. Many living in towns dream of starting up their own farm, of living off the land. Few get round to putting their dreams into practice. This is perhaps just as well, as the life of a farmer is far from easy, as Jim Doherty discovered when he set out to combine being a writer with running a farm. Nevertheless, as he explains, he has no regrets and remains enthusiastic about his decision to change his way of life.在美国，不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。

许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场，梦想着靠土地为生。

很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。

或许这也没有什么不好，因为，正如吉姆·多尔蒂当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样，农耕生活远非轻松自在。

但他写道，自己并不后悔，对自己作出的改变生活方式的决定仍热情不减。

Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeJim Doherty1 There are two things I have always wanted to do -- write and live on a farm. Today I'm doing both. I am not in E. B. White's class as a writer or in my neighbors' league as a farmer, but I'm getting by. And after years of frustration with city and suburban living, my wife Sandy and I have finally found contentment here in the country. 多尔蒂先生创建自己的理想生活吉姆·多尔蒂有两件事是我一直想做的――写作与务农。

抓螃蟹大学最后一年的秋天，我们的心情变了。

刚刚过去的夏季学期的轻松氛围、即兴球赛、查尔斯河上的泛舟以及深夜晚会都不见了踪影，我们开始埋头学习，苦读到深夜，课堂出勤率再次急剧上升。

我们都觉得在校时间不多了，以后再也不会有这样的学习机会了，所以都下定决心不再虚度光阴。

当然，下一年四五月份的期末考试最为重要。

我们谁都不想考全班倒数第一，那也太丢人了，因此同学们之间的竞争压力特别大。

以前每天下午五点以后，图书馆就空无一人了，现在却要等到天快亮时才会有空座，小伙子们熬夜熬出了眼袋，他们脸色苍白，睡眼惺忪，却很自豪，好像这些都是表彰他们勤奋好学的奖章。

还有别的事情让大家心情焦虑。

每个人都在心里盘算着过几个月毕业离校之后该找份什么样的工作。

并不总是那些心怀抱负、成绩拔尖的高材生才清楚自己将来要做什么，常常是那些平日里默默无闻的同学早早为自己下几个阶段的人生做好了规划。

有位同学在位于麦迪逊大道他哥哥的广告公司得到了一份工作，另一位同学写的电影脚本已经与好莱坞草签了合约。

我们当中野心最大的一位同学准备到地方上当一个政党活动家，我们都预料他最终会当上参议员或国会议员。

但大多数同学不是准备继续深造，就是想在银行、地方政府或其他单位当个白领，希望在20出头的时候能挣到足够多的薪水，过上舒适的生活，然后就娶妻生子，贷款买房，期望升职，过安稳日子。

感恩节的时候我回了一趟家，兄弟姐妹们免不了不停地问我毕业后有什么打算，我不知道该说什么。

实际上，我知道该说什么，但我怕他们批评我，所以只对他们说了别人都准备干什么。

父亲看着我，什么也没说。

夜深时，他叫我去他的书房。

我们坐了下来，他给我们俩各倒了杯饮料。

“怎么样？”他问。

“啊，什么怎么样？”“你毕业后到底想做什么？”他问道。

父亲是一名律师，我一直都认为他想让我去法学院深造，追随他的人生足迹，所以我有点儿犹豫。

过了会儿我回答说：“我想旅行，我想当个作家。

”我想这不是他所期待的答案。

旅行？去哪儿旅行？当作家？写什么呀？我做好了遭到他反对的心理准备。

Unit 1-1Catching crabs1 In the fall of our final year, our mood changed.The relaxed atmosphere of the preceding summer semester, the impromptu ball games, the boating on the Charles River, the late-night parties had disappeared, and we all started to get our heads down, studying late, and attendance at classes rose steeply again.We all sensed we were coming to the end of our stay here, that we would never get a chance like this again, and we became determined not to waste it.Most important of course were the final exams in April and May in the following year.No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in class, so the peer group pressure to work hard was strong.Libraries which were once empty after five o'clock in the afternoon were standing room only until the early hours of the morning, and guys wore the bags under their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride, like medals proving their diligence.2 But there was something else.At the back of everyone's mind was what we would do next, when we left university in a few months' time.It wasn't always the high flyers with the top grades who knew what they were going to do. Quite often it was the quieter, less impressive students who had the next stages of their life mapped out.One had landed a job in his brother's advertising firm in Madison Avenue, another had got a script under provisionalacceptance in Hollywood.The most ambitious student among us was going to work as a party activist at a local level. We all saw him ending up in the Senate or in Congress one day.But most people were either looking to continue their studies, or to make a living with awhite-collar job in a bank, local抓螃蟹大学最后一年的秋天，我们的心情变了。

全新版大学英语阅读教程翻译unit3在圣诞节期间,犯罪率保持相对稳定,但是在1975年结束时,Divers 所居住的街区里的情况彻底恶化了。

那开始于12月30日星期二,有个人在路上走时,在他家后面的小巷中被抢劫了。

在第二天,新年前夜的下午5点,一帮带有棍棒的男孩在人行道上拦下一位老人然后抢走了他的钱包。

半小时后同一帮人抢了一位老妇人的钱包。

在1月6号五点四十五分,Divers的邻居Linda Trum和她3岁的女儿正往家走，这时两个年轻男人出现在他身后,其中一个用手臂勒住她的脖子,在她奋力挣扎的时候,袭击者说:"别叫，把钱交出来！"她说她一点钱没有带,那个男人迅速翻找了她的口袋后逃离了街区。

同一天晚上九点四十五,Colin和Joan正在看电视，这时他们听到房子后面的巷子里传来尖叫。

Colin抓起那个曾经帮他赢得美国列克星顿棒球小联赛的棒球棒冲进巷子.他在那看见一个叫T erry Baksun的女人,她的钱包被抢了,Colin环顾四周,但是抢劫犯已经逃走了。

第二天晚上晚饭后,Divers一家相约去看一种新的真空吸尘器.一位名叫Bobby Jacobs的大学生售货员,十分具有上进心但也很可爱,当他拉着吸尘器在他们餐厅里跑来跑去展示一大堆令人困惑的管子和刷子时,Colin和Joan相视而笑。

晚上8点20分，他们长子布莱德一边走下楼梯一边大声喊：“我觉得我听到外面有尖叫声。

”科林以手势示意雅各布施关掉吸尘器。

“布莱德，你确定吗？”“我想是的吧。

”科林冲向门口，从壁橱抓起他的棒球棒，猛冲到人行道，在那里他看见了一位25岁的黑皮肤女人，她叫来索拉·摩根。

科林问道：“发生了什么事？”“他偷走了我的包。

”“谁？”“一个男的。

他打我的脸一拳然后抢走了我的钱包。

”“他往哪条路逃了？”“那边。

”来索拉说，并且指向特莱蒙街。

当科林朝那个方向走去，他发现一个人拎着一个黑色大手提包跑出朝图书馆旁边的小巷。

Looking good by doing good[Jan 15th 2009]Economics focusLooking good by doing goodJan 15th 2009From The Economist print editionRewarding people for their generosity may be counterproductiveIllustration by Jac Depczyk A LARGE plaque in the foyer of Boston’s Institute for Contemporary Art (ICA), a museum housed in a dramatic glass and metal building on the harbour’s edge, identifies its most generous patron s. Visitors who stop to look will notice that some donors—including two who gave the ICA over $2.5m—have chosen not to reveal their names. Such reticence is unusual: less than 1% of private gifts to charity are anonymous. Most people (including the vast majority of the ICA’s patrons) want their good deeds to be talked about. In “Richistan”, a book on America’s new rich, Robert Frank writes of the several society publications in Florida’s Palm Beach which exist largely to publicise the charity of its well-heeled residents (at least before Bernard Madoff’s alleged Ponzi scheme left some of them with little left to give).As it turns out, the distinction between private and public generosity is helpful in understanding what motivates people to give money to charities or donate blood, acts which are costly to the doer and primarily benefit others. Such actions are widespread, and growing. The $306 billion that Americans gave to charity in 2007 was more than triple the amount donated in 1965. And though a big chunk of this comes from plutocrat s like Bill Gates and Warren Buffett, whose philanthropy has attracted much attention, modest earners also give generously of their time and money. A 2001 survey found that 89% of American households gave to charity, and that 44% of adults volunteered the equivalent of 9m full-time jobs. Tax break s explain some of the kindness of strangers. But by no means all.Economists, who tend to think self-interest governs most actions of man, are intrigue d, and have identified several reasons to explain good deeds of this kind. Tax breaks are, ofcourse, one of the main ones, but donors are also sometimes paid directly for their pains, and the mere thought of a thank-you letter can be enough to persuade others to cough up. Some even act out of sheer altruism. But most interesting is another explanation, which is that people do good in part because it makes them look good to those whose opinions they care about. Economists call this “image motivation”.Dan Ariely of Duke University, Anat Bracha of Tel Aviv University, and Stephan Meier of Columbia University sought, through experiments, to test the importance of image motivation, as well as to gain insights into how different motivating factors interact. Their results, which they report in a new paper*, suggest that image motivation matters a lot, at least in the laboratory. Even more intriguingly, they find evidence that monetary incentives can actually reduce charitable giving when people are driven in part by a desire to look good in others’ eyes.The crucial thing about charity as a means of image building is, of course, that it can work only if others know about it and think positively of the charity in question. So, the academics argue, people should give more when their actions are public.To test this, they conducted an experiment where the number of times participants clicked an awkward combination of computer keys determined how much money was donated on their behalf to the American Red Cross. Since 92% of participants thought highly of the Red Cross, giving to it could reasonably be assumed to make people look good to their peers. People were randomly assigned to either a private group, where only the participant knew the amount of the donation, or a public group, where the participant had to stand up at the end of the session and share this information with the group. Consistent with the hypothesis that image mattered, participants exerted much greater effort in the public case: the average number of clicks, at 900, was nearly double the average of 517 clicks in the private case.However, the academics wanted to go a step further. In this, they were influenced by the theoretical model of two economists, Roland Benabou, of Princeton University, and Jean Tirole, of Toulouse University’s Institut d’Economie Industrielle, who formalised the idea that if people do good to look good, introducing monetary or other rewards into the mix might complicate matters. An observer who sees someone getting paid for donating blood, for example, would find it hard to differentiate between the donor’s intrinsic “goodness” and his greed.Blood moneyThe idea that monetary incentives could be counterproductive has been around at least since 1970, when Richard Titmuss, a British social scientist, hypothesised that paying people to donate blood would reduce the amount of blood that they gave. But Mr Ariely and his colleagues demonstrate a mechanism through which such confound ing effects could operate. They presumed that the addition of a monetary incentive should have much less of an impact in public (where it muddle s the image signal of an action) than in private (where the image is not important). By adding a monetary reward for participants to theirexperiment, the academics were able to confirm their hypothesis. In private, being paid to click increased effort from 548 clicks to 740, but in public, there was next to no effect. The trio also raise the possibility that cleverly designed rewards could actually draw out more generosity by exploiting image motivation. Suppose, for example, that rewards were used to encourage people to support a certain cause with a minimum donation. If that cause then publicised those who were generous well beyond the minimum required of them, it would show that they were not just “in it for the money”. Behavioural economics may yet provide charities with some creative new fund-raising techniques.寻找好行善[ 2009年1月15日]经济焦点寻找好行善2009年1月15日来自经济学人印刷版回报人民的慷慨可能会适得其反插图由江淮Depczyk在波士顿当代艺术学院（ICA ），装在一个巨大的玻璃和金属建筑海港的边缘博物馆大厅一个大匾，确定其最慷慨的赞助人。

The debate over spanking goes back many years, but the essential question often evades discussion: does spanking actually work? In the short term, yes. You can correct immediate misbehavior with a slap or two on the rear-end or hand. But what about the long-term impact? Can spanking lead to permanent, hidden scars on children years later?关于打孩子的讨论可以追溯到好多年前，但最本质的问题往往为讨论所回避：打孩子实际上奏效吗？短期来看，是的。

你能拍打一两下屁股或者手掌来立即更正孩子们的不守规矩。

但长期影响呢？打孩子会在多年后给他们留下永久性的心结么？On Friday, a sociologist from the University of New Hampshire, Murray Straus, presented a paper at the International Conference on Violence, Abuse and Trauma, in San Diego, suggesting that corporal punishment does leave a long-lasting mark — in the form of lower IQ. Straus, who is 83 and has been studying corporal punishment since 1969, found that kids who were physically punished had up to a five-point lower IQ score than kids who weren't — the more children were spanked, the lower their IQ — and that the effect could be seen not only in individual children, but across entire nations. Among 32 countries Straus studied, in those where spanking was accepted, the average IQ of the survey population was lower than in nations where spanking was rare, the researcher says.在周五，一位来自新罕普什尔大学的社会学家默里•施特劳斯在圣地亚哥的国际会议上就暴力，虐待和精神创伤发表了一篇论文演说，表示提法确实会留下长久的烙印—表现为低下的智商。

unit 5 Writing Three Thank-You LettersAlex Haley served in the Coast Guard during World War ll. On an especially lonely day to be at sea -- Thanksgiving Day -- he began to give serious thought to a holiday that has become, for many Americans, a day of overeating and watching endless games of football. Haley decided to celebrate the true meaning of Thanksgiving by writing three very special letters.亚历克斯·黑利二战时在海岸警卫队服役。

出海在外，时逢一个倍感孤寂的日子――感恩节，他开始认真思考起这一节日的意义。

对许多美国人而言，这个节日已成为大吃大喝、没完没了地看橄榄球比赛的日子。

黑利决定写三封不同寻常的信，以此来纪念感恩节的真正意义。

Writing Three Thank-You LettersAlex Haley 1 It was 1943, during World War II, and I was a young U. S. coastguardsman. My ship, the USS Murzim, had been under way for several days. Most of her holds contained thousands of cartons of canned or dried foods. The other holds were loaded with five-hundred-pound bombs packed delicately in padded racks. Our destination was a big base on the island of Tulagi in the South Pacific.写三封感谢信亚利克斯·黑利那是在二战期间的1943年，我是个年轻的美国海岸警卫队队员。

失去并不代表你无法拥有[美国读者文摘]在一场残酷的战争中失去一条腿后，玛雅·卡扎迪克以为她行走时再也不能摆脱剧痛。

然后她看到了一条装着假尾巴的海豚，她的生活再次改变。

几天前的早上，在佛罗里达的克利尔沃特,玛雅·卡扎迪克凝视着73000加仑大的水族池。

两年了，她都在观察着一条叫“冬天”的受过伤的宽吻海豚如何在水槽里游动。

从远处看，这条海豚似乎很容易接近。

但是，当卡扎迪克准备跳入水的时候，兴奋之余又稍显恐惧。

这个年轻女子放松下来进入池子。

尽管她有点害怕，但装着新假肢的她感觉自己很强健。

她做好了去履行很久以前的诺言的准备。

在跳进去和“冬天”在一起前，“我起了鸡皮疙瘩，”卡扎迪克说。

“这让人提心吊胆，因为即便海豚们看上去很可爱，它们毕竟是野生动物。

”卡迪扎克在南斯拉夫的莫斯塔尔（现在是波黑的一部分）读二年级时，白血病夺走了她5岁的表妹，加斯米娜。

加斯米娜死后，卡扎迪克誓言一定要与一条海豚游泳，以此来纪念这个小女孩，因为这是两个小女孩都很喜欢的动物。

“加斯米娜从未有过机会（去做这个) ，”32岁的卡扎迪克说，“所以我决定将来一定替她完成夙愿。

”在中学，体育运动——足球，篮球，网球是卡扎迪克所酷爱的。

她希望成为一个职业运动员。

接着，1993年，在波斯尼亚内战期间，克罗地亚分离主义者发射的一枚迫击炮弹在她的建筑物的院子内爆炸。

6个和她正聊天的朋友丧身；16岁的卡扎迪克重伤。

榴弹片击穿她的左臂和双腿。

在一个临时医院，她的左腿无法修复而不得不膝盖以下全部截去。

“那儿没有麻药，”她回忆。

“他们将我捆住，嘴里塞一块橡胶用来紧咬着。

我痛不欲生。

”她的腿伤感染了；没有抗生素，她意识有时清醒有时模糊。

她父母在她的床边守夜守了好几个星期。

在战争中转移了很多孩子的英国活动家，萨利·贝壳，安排将卡扎迪克带至美国进行治疗。

卡扎迪克在马里兰州坎伯兰的一个医院住了近两年，受到来自“和平老兵”的志愿者的悉心呵护。