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2011年浙江师范大学汉语国际教育硕士考研真题及答案解析现在汉语国际教育考研趋于白热化时期，竞争异常激烈。
所以，很多非名校的学生总是处于惆怅复杂的心态之下，阻挡了前进的步伐。
在此，提醒广大考生：心态是考研是否成功的重要因素。
同学们在考研路上遇到了难以解决的问题，请同学们想起育明，育明每年培养出众多全国高校汉硕的研究生，其中包括不少初试复试状元。
考研选择了育明就选择正确的团队伴你一起备战：一个人不可能完成的事业，多人齐心协力众志成城铸造成功。
育明教育倾心为全国汉硕考生打造价值2500元的精品视频课程，包括汉硕考研两门专业课内容深度讲解，涵盖了全部考点。
同时育明教育随视频赠送相应考研资料（状元笔记、历年真题及解析）。
整套汉硕秘籍适用于全国非名校，本专业成绩一般，跨专业基础薄弱，但都梦想着专业课考出高分的学子们。
2014年汉语国际教育视频课程+近三年真题+状元笔记+公共课阅卷人一对一指导=2500元7月1日前报名，8折优惠历年考研真题资料是十分珍贵的,研究真题有利于大家从中分析出题人的思路和心态,因为每年专业课考试不管在题型还是在内容上都有很高的相似度，考研学子们一定要予以重视。
汉语国际教育基础叁案例分析与写作（共40分）七、请根据以下材料，按照“发现问题——分析问题——解决问题”的思路，写一篇1500字以上的案例分析，要求观点明确、材料充实、结构严谨、条理清楚、语言规范、卷面清洁。
（40分）材料：2009年4月，张良（化名）通过汉办的志愿者选拔，被派往喀麦隆孔子学院杜阿拉市分教学点。
那里的教学情况非常复杂。
他经常在一个班里同时教10多岁的小孩和50多岁的商人。
张良就遵循孔夫子的“因材施教”法，让孩子多做书面作业，让商人多听光盘。
为了更好地和学员交心，张良学起了法语，并尝试着用英语、法语一起教学。
张良感觉到：要克服学生“汉语很难”的心理预期，除了展示汉语简单的一面，更要通过展示文化来激发学生们的学习兴趣。
《英语写作》考试卷（A卷）（2009 ---2010 学年第 1 学期）考试形式闭卷考试对象 2009级非英语专业研究生考试时间 120 分钟出卷时间 2010 年 1 月 13 日说明：本卷分值_100__分，考生应将全部答案都写在答题纸上，否则作无效处理。
Part I. The following words are rather general. Write as many relevant specific words as possible. (At least 3 specific words for each general word) (10%)1.flower2.wind3.angryPart II. Rewrite the following sentences by eliminating the mistakes in them. (10%)1.With the cold climate and vegetation is scarce, firewood is a valuable resource.2.First, as we all know that cosmetics always contain complex chemical elements to whichmany people will be allergic.3.Many people get up early to jog along country lanes, to observe the wonder of nature, or justwatching the sun come up.4.Wearing uniform is a way to show our identity, however, it is not a good way to show ourown personalities.5.Some kinds of pollutions spread out so thick and fast that we cannot do anything effective toprevent it. Such as green house effect, it has caused the iceberg in two poles to melt.Part III. Read the following two paragraphs and write the numbers of the four sentences that do not help support their topic sentences. (10%)Paragraph 1:(1)In addition to fighting acne, I felt compelled to fight my family. (2)As a teenager, I needed to be independent. (3)At that time, the most important thing in life was to be close to my friends and to try out new, more adult experiences. (4)Unfortunately, my family seemed to get in the way.(5)My little brother, for instance, turned into my enemy. (6)We are close now, though. (7)In fact, Eddie recently painted my new apartment for me. (8)Eddie used to barge into my room, listen to my phone conversations, and read my secret letters. (9)I would threaten to tie him up and leavehim in a garbage dumpster. (10)He would scream, my mother would yell, and all hell would break loose. (11)My parents, too, were enemies. (12)They wouldn't let me stay out late, wear the clothes I wanted to wear, or hang around with the friends I liked. (13)So I tried to get revenge on them by being miserable, sulky, and sarcastic at home.Paragraph 2:(1)Football fans wear their official team T-shirts and warm-up jackets to the mall, the supermarket, the classroom, and even —if they can get away with it —to work. (2)Some workplaces allow their staff to wear whatever they like, but some do not. (3)If the team offers a giveaway item, the fans rush to the stadium to claim the hat or sports bag or water bottle that is being handed out that day. (4)Baseball fans go similarly nuts when their favorite teams give away some attractive freebie. (5)Football fans just plain behave insanely. (6)Even the fact that fans spend the coldest months of the year huddling on icy metal benches in places like Chicago proves it. (7)In addition, football fans decorate their houses with football-related items of every kind.(8)To them, team bumper stickers belong not only on car bumpers, but also on fireplace mantels and front doors. (9)When they go to a game, which they do as often as possible, they also decorate their bodies. (10)True football fans not only put on their team jackets and grab their pennants but also paint their heads to look like helmets or wear glow-in-the-dark cheeseheads. (11)At the game, these fans devote enormous energy to trying to get a "wave" going.Part IV. The box below summarizes the six kinds of introduction and three kinds of conclusions. Read the following introductions and conclusions and write the letter of the kind of introduction or conclusion in each paragraph. (10%)Introductions:Paragraph 1:Shortly before Easter, our local elementary school sponsored a fund-raising event at which classroom pets and their babies—hamsters, guinea pigs, and chicks—were available for adoption. Afterward, as I was driving home, I saw a hand drop a baby hamster out of the car ahead of me. I couldn't avoid running over the tiny creature. One of the parents had taken the pet, regretted the decision, and decided to get rid of it. Such people have never stopped to consider the several real obligations involved in owning a pet.Paragraph 2:“Few things are harder to put up with,” said Mark Twain, “than the annoyance of a good example.”Twain obviously knew the problems faced by siblings cursed with older brothers or sisters who are models of perfection. All our lives, my older sister Shelley and I have been compared. Unfortunately, in competition with my sister’s virtues, my looks, talents, and accomplishments always ended up on the losing side.Paragraph 3:Many people who have grown up in multichild families think that being an only child is the best of all possible worlds. They point to such benefits as the only child's annual new wardrobe and the lack of competition for parental love. But single-child status isn't as good as people say it is. Instead of having everything they want, only children are sometimes denied certain basic human needs.Conclusions:Paragraph 1:Although I always lost in the sibling contests of looks, talents, and accomplishments, Shelley and I have somehow managed not to turn into deadly enemies. Feeling like the "dud" of the family, in fact, helped me to develop a drive to succeed and a sense of humor. In our sibling rivalry, we both managed to win.Paragraph 2:Therefore, the next time you see TV viewers, shoppers, or Internet surfers with eyes as glazed and empty as polished doorknobs, you'll know these people are in a protective altered state. Be gentle with them. They are merely trying to cope with the mind-numbing inventions of modern life.Part V. The following essay has no indentations starting new paragraphs. Read it carefully and then write the numbers of the thesis statement and the topic sentence of each of the three supporting paragraphs and the first sentence of the conclusion. (10%)Reactions to Disappointment(1)Ben Franklin said that the only sure things in life are death and taxes. (2)He left something out, however: disappointment. (3)No one gets through life without experiencing many disappointments. (4)Strangely, though, most people seem unprepared for disappointment and react to it in negative ways. (5)They feel depressed or try to escape their troubles instead of using disappointment as an opportunity for growth. (6)One negative reaction to disappointment is depression. (7)For example, Helen, a woman trying to win a promotion, works hard for over ayear in her department. (8)Helen is so sure she will get the promotion, in fact, that she has already picked out the car she will buy when her salary increase comes through. (9)However, the boss names one of Helen's coworkers to the spot. (10)The fact that all the other department employees tell Helen that she is the one who really deserved the promotion doesn't help her deal with the crushing disappointment. (11)Deeply depressed, Helen decides that all her goals are doomed to defeat. (12)She loses her enthusiasm for her job and can barely force herself to show up every day.(13)Helen tells herself that she is a failure and that doing a good job just isn't worth the work.(14)Another negative reaction to disappointment, and one that often follows depression, is the desire to escape. (15)Jamal fails to get into the college his brother is attending, the college that was the focus of all his dreams, and decides to escape his disappointment. (16)Why worry about college at all? Instead, he covers up his real feelings by giving up on his schoolwork and getting completely involved with friends, parties, and "good times." (17)Or Carla doesn't make the varsity basketball team—something she wanted very badly—and so refuses to play sports at all. (18)She decides to hang around with a new set of friends who get high every day; then she won't have to confront her disappointment and learn to live with it. (19)The positive way to react to disappointment is to use it as a chance for growth. (20)This isn't easy, but it's the only useful way to deal with an inevitable part of life. (21)Helen, the woman who wasn't promoted, could have handled her disappointment by looking at other options. (22)If her boss doesn't recognize her talent and hard work, perhaps she could transfer to another department. (23)Or she could ask the boss how to improve her performance so that she would be a shoo-in for the next promotion.(24)Jamal, the boy who didn't get into the college of his choice, should look into other schools.(25)Going to another college may encourage him to be his own person, step out of his brother's shadow, and realize that being turned down by one college isn’t a final judgment on his abilities or potential. (26)Rather than escape into drugs, Carla could improve her basketball skills for a year or pick up another sport — like swimming or tennis — that would probably turn out to be more useful to her as an adult. (27)Disappointments are unwelcome but regular visitors to everyone's life. (28)We can feel depressed about them, or we can try to escape from them. (29)The best thing, though, is to accept a disappointment and then try to use it somehow: Step over the unwelcome visitor on the doorstep and get on with life.Thesis statement: ______________________________Topic sentence of first supporting paragraph: _____________________________Topic sentence of second supporting paragraph: __________________________Topic sentence of third supporting paragraph: __________________________First sentence of the conclusion: _____________________________________Part VI. Write a composition of about 200 –300 words according to the following directions. (Choose one of the topics) (50%)1.Directions: Use at least two examples to show that sometimes people arerather sentimental. You are advised to write it as an illustration essay.Remember to write it clearly and neatly on your answer sheet.2.Directions: Write an essay to analyze the reasons why some students are notso active in class. You need to write a cause and effect essay.3.Directions: Write an essay to classify advertisements. Note that yourclassification should be reasonable and consistent.。
教育硕士入学考试教育综合真题浙江师范大学2012年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：6，分数：30.00)1.社会性发展（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：社会性发展在一定程度上可视为人的社会化程度，作为个体心理发展的重要方面，它存在并且发生于个体与个体之间。
人的社会性发展包括个体通过社会学习获得社会生活所必须具备的道德品质、价值观念、行为规范以及形成积极的生活态度和行为习惯，参与社会公共生活和实践、形成相关的社会关系和社会属性以及积累社会经验和社会资本，承担社会责任和社会角色，形成交往技能和自我调节能力等。
2.学习的实质（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：学习的实质是个体在特定情境下由于练习或反复经验而产生的行为或行为潜能的比较持久的变化。
关于学习的实质，不同的心理学家有不同的认识：桑代克认为学习的实质在于形成刺激与反应的联结，即S-R联结，这种联结形成的过程是渐进的、尝试错误直至最后成功的过程；托尔曼认为学习的实质是动物在脑内形成了认知地图(即认知结构)，而不是学会了一连串的S-R联结；科勒认为，学习的过程就是顿悟的过程；布鲁纳认为学习的实质是学生主动地通过感知、领会和推理，促进类目及其编码系统的形成。
3.学习策略（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：学习策略是指学习者为了提高学习的效果和效率，有目的、有意识地制定的有关学习过程的复杂方案。
2019年浙江师范大学学科语文903考研真题（回忆版）
1.阅读的其中一篇是《蒙娜丽莎的微笑》
2.古诗是刘克庄的《早行》
3.文言文是《看松庵记》
（以上出题形式为选择题+分析鉴赏/翻译之类的题目。
古诗没有选择，考的是一道填空和关于“真”字落笔的鉴赏，填空填的是表现手法的一种和景物特征。
研友们可以网上找找原文和相应题目，真题所选取的题目网上也能找着同样的喔）
4.作文：60分
大概的意思是，从以下（6/7个）词语中选择一个为核心立意写一篇不少于八百字的文章。
深海大江长河小溪鱼池荷塘
真心希望能帮到大家，欢迎各位研友补充和指正！。
浙江师范大学硕士研究生入学考试初试科目1考试大纲2科目代码、名称:903阅读与写作适用专业: 420103学科教学（语文）3一、考试形式与试卷结构4（一）试卷满分及考试时间5本试卷满分为150分，考试时间为180分钟。
6（二）答题方式7答题方式为闭卷、笔试。
8试卷由试题和答题纸组成；答案必须写在答题纸（由考点提供）相应的位置9上。
10（三）试卷内容结构（考试的内容比例及题型）11考试内容分为阅读题和写作题两大部分12各部分内容所占分值为：13第一部分阅读题约60分14第二部分写作题约90分（四）试卷题型结构1516实用类（含论述类）文本阅读：3小题，2个小题3分，一个小题4分，共1710分18现当代文学（含外国文学）作品阅读：5小题，每小题平均6分，共30分19古代诗文阅读：4小题，每小题平均5分，共20分20小作文写作：1小题，每小题20分，共20分21大作文写作：1小题，每小题70分，共70分22二、考查目标（复习要求）23全日制攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试“阅读与写作”科目考试内容包括初中24语文、高中语文等语文学科基础课程，要求考生系统掌握相关学科的基本知识、25基础理论和基本方法，并能运用相关理论和方法分析、解决语文学习中的实际问26题。
27三、考查范围或考试内容概要28第一部分：阅读29第一章实用类（含论述类）文本阅读301．文中重要概念含义、重要句子含意的理解。
312．文中主要信息的筛选和整合。
323．文体特征的了解，文章结构的把握，语言特色的归纳，表现手法的分析。
33344．文本中心意思的概括，主要观点和基本倾向的评价。
355．对文本反映的人生价值和时代精神的发掘，某种特色的深度36思考和判断。
376．对写作背景和写作意图的探讨，对文本所产生的社会价值和38影响的评价。
39第二章现当代文学（含外国文学）作品阅读401．作品体裁基本特征、结构和表现手法的分析。
412．作品形象的欣赏，内涵的赏析和主题的概括。
浙江师范大学硕士研究生入学考试初试科目
考试大纲
科目代码、名
称: 903阅读与写作
适用专
业: 420103学科教学（语文）
一、考试形式与试卷结构
（一）试卷满分及考试时间
本试卷满分为150分，考试时间为180分钟。
（二）答题方式
答题方式为闭卷、笔试。
试卷由试题和答题纸组成；答案必须写在答题纸（由考点提供）相应的位置上。
（三）试卷内容结构（考试的内容比例及题型）
考试内容分为阅读题和写作题两大部分
各部分内容所占分值为：
第一部分阅读题约60分
第二部分写作题约90分
（四）试卷题型结构
第1页，共15页。
浙江师范大学20XX年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题(A卷)科目代码: 903 科目名称: 阅读与写作适用专业: 045103学科教学（语文）③览之者为．之凄恻④裴行立为．营护其丧及妻子还于京师A.①②不同，③④相同B.①②不同，③④也不同C.①②相同，③④不同D.①②相同，③④也相同8．下列各组句子中加点词的意义和用法不相同的一组是（）A．①蕴骚人之．郁悼②楚之．同姓也B．①下笔构思，与．古为侔②微斯人，吾谁与．归C．①请以．柳州授禹锡②且以．一璧之故逆强秦之欢D．①宗元谓所．亲曰②于众人广坐之中，不宜有所．过9．下列两句在文中的正确意思是（）①当时流辈咸推之②以男女质钱A．①当时的流俗之辈都推辞他②用男女换钱B．①当时的流俗之辈都推崇他②用男女作为抵押去借钱C．①当时文人同辈都推崇他②用男女作为抵押去借钱D．①当时文人同辈都推崇他②用男女换钱10.“既罹窜逐，涉履蛮瘴，崎岖湮厄，蕴骚人之郁悼”在文中的正确意思是（뀀）ࠁ.㟳得兂巳经遍受谨逘継貲흗雮瘴疠的方ﾌ躻处险阻脌遽厄蟰﹌奵育了骺䪺拱郁暬情栄。
ℝB柳寗元已绋酭受贬逐涉궳南雮瘴疠犄地撹�躿�崎粞阻塞的环境，凇㈄몚人抑郀皆情怀もɃĮ敶厗兓遭蔮逰而逃窜（逃倴野苮暄圲斱�身匄崎䲖陻塟的环岓内怀骚ສ悑郁的悇䀀。
čDĮ揳妗兂큽谨逐而逃纝ｌ遃到野蛮璄地方，身億뙩阻而鉩厄轰，孅삲于ࠁ人抑郁皌榅怀㈂q1＊䊊攥膪亂文乌皌下韢这古话翹译∐化ⱁ语，擨焋珥椏的�旴。
ﾈ$툆）吾与碹锡为执叫，Ʃ忍諡具蛥是７ȍ14．把来藪上文中暄下面这凤迍彻译昐玐化汉语淠意句愍纄宜䕴。
缈ȵ娆）为骚文剁敱筇，览ซ耔业幋凄。
８䉉）ᘅ读下홢一篅旇뫠，厤爘第13␔18题Ｈ奵4İ分红嶘䱉乂䀩堁望，獧䮋有诸夛鼺廽片飞来裎军︌財쾯鰞丠椷あ飊吓我的ḟ，꺫ช披着溔侩缤㺷垤羽，还䜉⟡数暄秙綏�䳌挑手上飞赠的队儿缌匴䘮�小༁袭素綽，里面的幟简叕．參漂律皤，禙的是␜—昌月松镴照뼌泉痳上浡。
我盄鸟儿太朴素，旫不富贵乞丝现代洼爂昑鮩它就諙样飼向佤，憿你明白迉一种真挚。
育明教育【温馨提示】现在很多小机构虚假宣传，育明教育咨询部建议考生一定要实地考察，并一定要查看其营业执照，或者登录工商局网站查看企业信息。
目前，众多小机构经常会非常不负责任的给考生推荐北大、清华、北外等名校，希望广大考生在选择院校和专业的时候，一定要慎重、最好是咨询有丰富经验的考研咨询师！2012年浙江师范大学汉教考研真题及其答案解析适用专业：045300汉语国际教育硕士专业学位提示：1、请将所有答案写于答题纸上，写在试题纸上的不给分；2、请填写准考证号后6位：______________。
壹、汉语语言学基础知识（共80分）1、填空题（每小题1分，共30分）1.现代汉语普通话以____________为标准音。
2.与印欧语系语言相比，汉语在语音上的特点是没有复辅音，元音占优势，___________。
3.现代汉语词汇方面的特点之一是______________词占优势。
4.就与普通话的差别来说，各大方言中，闽方言和__________方言与普通话距离最大。
5.浙江的大部分地区是____________方言地区。
6.普通话声母g、k、h从发音部位上看属于_____________音。
7.语音具有物理属性，生理属性和_____________属性。
8.双唇、浊、鼻音声母是_____________。
9.舌面，前，高，不圆唇元音是____________。
10.声调是整个音节的____________变化形式。
11.汉字在历史上出现过____________、金文，篆书，隶书，楷书五种正式字体。
12.汉字的整理包括_____________、精简字数和其他方面的整理。
13.汉字标准化，要求对汉字进行四定，即___________、定形、定音、定序。
14.汉字的排列方法有义序法，______________和形序法三大类。
15.语素是语言中最小的____________结合体。
16.词义具有概括性，模糊性，____________性。
浙江师范大学硕士研究生入学考试初试科目考 试 大 纲科目代码、名称:903阅读与写作适用专业:420103学科教学（语文）一、考试形式与试卷结构（一）试卷满分及考试时间本试卷满分为150分，考试时间为180分钟。
（二）答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试。
试卷由试题和答题纸组成；答案必须写在答题纸（由考点提供）相应的位置上。
（三）试卷内容结构（考试的内容比例及题型）考试内容分为阅读题和写作题两大部分各部分内容所占分值为：第一部分 阅读题 约60分第二部分 写作题 约90分（四）试卷题型结构实用类（含论述类）文本阅读：3小题，2个小题3分，一个小题4分，共10分现当代文学（含外国文学）作品阅读：5小题，每小题平均6分，共30分古代诗文阅读：4小题，每小题平均5分，共20分小作文写作：1小题，每小题20分，共20分大作文写作：1小题，每小题70分，共70分二、考查目标（复习要求）全日制攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试“阅读与写作”科目考试内容包括初中语文、高中语文等语文学科基础课程，要求考生系统掌握相关学科的基本知识、基础理论和基本方法，并能运用相关理论和方法分析、解决语文学习中的实际问题。
三、考查范围或考试内容概要第一部分：阅读第一章 实用类（含论述类）文本阅读1．文中重要概念含义、重要句子含意的理解。
2．文中主要信息的筛选和整合。
3．文体特征的了解，文章结构的把握，语言特色的归纳，表现手法的分析。
4．文本中心意思的概括，主要观点和基本倾向的评价。
5．对文本反映的人生价值和时代精神的发掘，某种特色的深度思考和判断。
第1页，共6页。
浙江师范大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试试题
科目代码：831科目名称：中国文学
提示：
1、本科目适用专业：文艺学、中国古代文学、中国现当代文学、比较文学与世界
文学；
2、请将所有答案写于答题纸上，写在试题上的不给分；
3、请填写准考证号后6位：____________。
一、名词解释（每小题5分，共20分）
1.汉乐府
2.唐代古文运动
3. 语丝社
4. 伤痕文学
二、简答题（每小题15分，共60分；其中古代文学3小题，任选2题；现代文学3小题，任选2题）
1.骈文的主要特点有哪些？
2. 苏轼对词的主要贡献有哪些？
3. “元曲四大家”是哪几个作家？他们的代表作是什么？（以上任选两题）
4. 简述周作人散文的艺术风格。
5．简述沈从文《边城》的思想蕴涵。
6．简要分析王蒙《组织部来了个年轻人》的“干预生活”小说特点。
（以上任选两题）
三、论述题（每题35分，共70分，其中古代文学2题，任选1题；现代文学2题，任选1题）
1. 试论屈原在文学史上的地位和影响。
2. 试论《聊斋志异》的艺术成就。
3．试论郭沫若《女神》的思想艺术成就。
4．试述陈忠实《白鹿原》的文化意义和艺术表现特点。
第页共页。
2012浙江杭州师范大学英语语言文学基础考研真题语言学方向试题（外国语言学及应用语言学专业考生选做）Part OneⅠ. Define the following terms. (每小题 5 分，共 15 分)1. semantic components2. reference3. categorizationⅡ. True/ False decision. Write T for true and F for false. (每小题 1 分，共 15 分)1) All languages have three major components: a sound system, a system of lexicogrammar and asystem of semantics. ( )2) Phonetics means that the study of how speech sounds are produced, transmitted, and perceived. Itcan be divided into three main fields of study------articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics andperceptual/ auditory phonetics. ( )3) A linguist needs to be able to know all languages if he wants to study linguistics. （）4) Creativity refers to the fact that in all languages so far investigated one finds two levels of structure or patterning. （）5) Morpheme is both a grammatical concept and a semantic one. ( )6) Loanblend is a process in which part of the form is native and the rest has been borrowed, but the meaning is fully borrowed. ( )7) Linguistics can be defined as the scientific study of a particular language.( )8) In the classic semantic triangle, the symbol is directly to the referent.( )9) Syntax is the study of the rules governing the ways different constituents are combined to form sentences in a language, or the study of the relationships between elements in sentence structures.( )10) In 1950s, Chomsky’s publication of Syntactic Struct ures (1957) helped to ignite the cognitive revolution. ( )11) Pragmatics is the study of meaning. ( )12)It is generally believed that modern linguistics is mostly descriptive, diachronic, and emphatic on writing. ( )13)There exist three approaches to the study of language and cognition. The conceptual approach is concerned with the patterns in which and the processes by which conceptual content is organized in language. ( )14) Metaphor involves the comparison of two concepts in that one is construed in terms of the other. ( )15) Our language can not be used to talk itself.( )Ⅲ. Answer the questions. (每小题 10 分，共 20 分)1.Does the traffic light system have duality?2.What is sense?Ⅳ. Discuss . (每小题 15 分，共 30 分)1.Conceptual meaning2.Sense relationsPart Two.1.Fill in the blank in each of the statements with one word from the box:（20 points）1. The goals of SLA, then, are to describe how L2 acquisition ___1___ and to explain this process and why some ___2___ seem to be better at it than others.2. The goal of explanation is to identify the ___3___ and ___4___ factors that account for acquiring an L2.3. The Description of L2 acquisition tries to find out what learners really___5___, as opposed towhat they ___6___ they do, when they try to learn an L2.4. It is possible that ___7___ errors may actually help learners to learn when they ___8___ the errors they make.5.Errors are a conspicuous ___9___ of learner language, ___10___ the important question of ‘Why do learners make errors?’.6.The acquisition of a particular grammatical structure must be seen as a ___11___ involving transitional construction and follows a U-shaped ___12___ of development.7.Systematic development of learner language reflects a ___13___ system of L2 knowledge. And this system is often ___14___ to as interlanguage.8.To understand what is meant by interlanguage, we need to briefly consider behaviorist learning ___15___ and mentalist ___16___ of language learning.9. The role of ___17___ in L2 acquisition serves a consciousness-raising function by helping learners to notice ___18____ in their interlanguage.10. Social ___19___ influence interlaguage development via the impact they have on the ___20___that determine the kinds of language use learners engage in.II. Explain the following terms briefly. (30points)1. learner language2. target language3. input4. mistake5. error6. interlanguage7. motivation8. Negative transfer9. overgenalization10 .language aptitudeIII .Answer the following questions (20 points )1.What, according to Rod Ellis, are the four steps for carrying out Error Analysis? Explain each step briefly.2.What is your understanding of the following short passage about the learning strategies of L2 acquisition?Language aptitude and motivation constitute general factors that influence the rate and level of L2 achievement. But how does their influence operate? One possibility is that they affect the nature and the frequency with which individual learners use learning strategies.文学方向试题（英语语言文学专业考生选做）I. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. (30 分)1. The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, _ ,in 1607.A. VermontB. MassachusettsC. VirginiaD. California2.The Mayflower voyage was taken in .A. 1607B. 1620C. 1775D. 17893.The first American writer was .A. John WinthropB. William BradfordC. Anne BradstreetD. Captain John Smith4.The best of the Puritan poets was .A. William BradfordB. John WinthropC. Anne BradstreetD. Edward Taylor5. Thomas Paine wrote the following EXCEPT .A. Common SenseB. AutobiographyC. The Rights of ManD. The American Crisis6.The Declaration of Independence was signed on .A. July 4, 1776B. July 4, 1775C. July 14, 1776D. July 14, 17837. The most important document in the political history of the United States is, which is alsoa fine work of literature.A. The American CrisisB. The Declaration of IndependenceC. The Rights of ManD. Common Sense8.has been called the “Father of American Poetry”.A. Edgar Allan PoeB. Walt WhitmanC. Philip FreneauD. William Cullen Bryant9.became known in Europe as “the American Walter Scott”.A. James Fenimore CooperB. Washington IrvingC. Herman MelvilleD. Nathaniel Hawthorne10.was the first American naturalist.A. Theodore DreiserB. Stephen CraneC. Hamlin GarlandD. Nathaniel Hawthorne11.in the 1860s was the first American writer of local color to achieve wide popularity.A. Herman MelvilleB. Washington IrvingC. James Fenimore CooperD. Bret Harte12.was the foremost novelist of the American Depression of the 1930s, whose masterpiecewas a novel about the great “dust bowl” disaster in Oklahoma.A. Theodore DreiserB. Upton SinclairC. Thomas WolfeD. John Steinbeck13. The Sound and the Fury is one of ’s “modernist” masterpieces.A. John SteinbeckB. William FaulknerC. E. E. CummingsD. Ezra Pound14.was the most joyful poet of the Lost Generation. In his poetry we can see the clear influence of the Cubist painters.A. Carl SandburgB. Robert FrostC. E. E. CummingsD. Ezra Pound15.was considered the founder of psychological realism in America. His realism is known as “stream-of-consciousness” literature.A. O. HenryB. James JoyceC. Stephen CraneD. Henry James16.The most striking feature of Beowulf is _____.A.the national epic of the Anglo-Saxon and English peopleB.alliterationC.humorD.satire17.One of the distinct features of the Elizabethan time is _____.A.the flourishing of the dramaB.the popularity of the realistic novelC.the domination of the classical poetryD.the close-down of all the theatres18.Which of the following is not John Milton's works?A.Paradise LostB.Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD.Othello19.Thomas Hardy wrote novels of _____.A.psychoanalysisB.pure romanceC.character and environmentD. stream of consciousness20. “My Last Duchess” is a poem that best exemplifies Robert Browning’s _____.A.sensitive ear for the sounds of the English languageB.excellent choice of wordsC.mastering of the metrical devicese of the dramatic monologue21.Among the great writers of the modern period, _____ might be the greatest in radical experimentation of technical innovations in novel writing.A.Joseph ConradB. D. H. LawrenceC.Virginia WoolfD.James Joyce22. Shakesp eare’s four great tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, _____ and _____.A. King Lear…Romeo and JulietB. King Lear…MacbethC. King John…Julius CaesarD. King John…The Merchant of Venice23. The term “metaphysical poetry” is commonly used to name the work of the_____ century writers who wrote under the influence of _____.A.16th…Edmund SpenserB.17th…John DonneC.18th…Thomas GrayD.20th…John Ransom24. The greatest English critical realist novelist was _____, who criticized the bourgeois civilizationand showed the misery of the common people.A.Charles DickensB. Emily BronteC.W.M. ThackerayD.Charlotte Bronte25. Which of the following is NOT true about The Canterbury Tales?A.It is written for the great part in heroic couplets.B.Chaucer chose a pilgrimage as the framework for the stories involved in it.C.It is written in the form of a dream vision.D.“The General Prologue” introduces the pilgrims and the time and occasion of the pilgrimage.26. The Romantic Age began with the publication of The Lyrical Ballads which was written by_____.A. William WordsworthB. Samuel JohnsonC. Wordsworth and ColeridgeD.Samuel Taylor Coleridge27.Which of the following is Not Jane Austen’s usual theme?self-knowledge everyday life of rural upper class relationships between people women and marriage28. _____ is the only novel written by Oscar Wilde.A.The Importance of Being EarnestB.The Picture of Dorian GrayC.A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManD.The Picture of a Lady29.Which was not one of Shelley’s lyrics on natur e?A. “Ode to the West Wind”B.“To a Skylark”C.“The Cloud”D.“Ode to the Nightingale”30. George Eliot was the pseudonym of _____.A. Mary Ann EvansB.Mark TwinC. Ellis BellD.Samuel Langhorne ClemensII. Please answer the following questions briefly. (20 分)1. Why did Mark Twain define the period of the Civil War as a “Gilded Age”?2. What is “Naturalism” in literary creation?3. What is blank verse?4. Why is Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels ranked among the best novels of world literature?III. Please translate the following into Chinese and vice versa. (40 分)1.The violence of breaking down the door seemed to fill this room with pervading dust. A thin, acrid pall as of the tomb seemed to lie everywhere upon this room decked and furnished as for a bridal: upon the valance curtains of faded rose color, upon the rose-shaded lights, upon the dressing table, upon the delicate array of crystal and the man's toilet things backed with tarnished silver, silver so tarnished that the monogram was obscured. Among them lay a collar and tie, as if they had just been removed, which, lifted, left upon the surface a pale crescent in the dust. Upon a chair hung the suit, carefully folded; beneath it the two mute shoes and the discarded socks.The man himself lay in the bed.For a long while we just stood there, looking down at the profound and fleshless grin. The body had apparently once lain in the attitude of an embrace, but now the long sleep that outlasts love, that conquers even the grimace of love, had cuckolded him. What was left of him, rotted beneath what was left of the nightshirt, had become inextricable from the bed in which he lay; and upon him and upon the pillow beside him lay that even coating of the patient and biding dust.Then we noticed that in the second pillow was the indentation of a head. One of us lifted something from it, and leaning forward, that faint and invisible dust dry and acrid in the nostrils, we saw a long strand of iron-gray hair.2. 回顾柏拉图对人类道德状况的解释，我们已经了解到，他的出发点是独立于身体而存在的灵魂概念。
