21世纪大学英语第一册第一单元 Secrets of A Students

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Secrets of A StudentsT ext-related information1. Grading systemSchools, colleges and universities in Great Britain and the United States commonly use letter grades t indicate the quality of a student’s academic performance: A(excellent), B(good), C(average), D(below average), and F(failing). In the United States, work rated C or above is usually required of an undergraduate student to continue his/her studies; work rated B or higher is usually required of a graduate student to continue. In percentage scales, 100 percent is the highest mark, and 70 percent (or 65 percent) is usually the lowest passing work.2.Students at universitie sA university student who has not yet taken his or her first, or “bachelor’s” degree is an undergraduate. In the United States, a first-year student at a college or university, and in a high school as well, is called a freshman, a second-year student a sophomore, and a third-year student a junior, and a fourth-year student a senior. A graduate is a person who has completed a university degree course while a postgraduate(or graduate in the United States) is a person doing studies that are done at a university after one has received a first degree.V ocabulary1.perform—do (a job); complete (a task)e.g. Computers can perform many different tasks.The firefighters performed outstanding acts of bravery in the September 11 attack.Perform well/badly/poorly—work well/badly/poorly; achieve a good/poor resulte.g. I must say I performed poorly in the speech contest.The new drug has perform well in tests.2. concentrate--direct all one’s attention, etc. towards sth.; be absorbed in sth.e.g. Sally tried to concentrate on her studies in spite of the noise.It’s said that yoga can help you contrite better. 据说瑜伽能够帮助你更好地集中精力。

3. focus—V. & N. direct one’s attention on sth; the concentration of one’s attentione.g. Today’s topic focused on Chinese festivals.The research effort focused on the development of a new chemical.All eyes were focused on him.大家的眼光都注意着他。

You should focus your attention on your work.你应该把注意力放到工作上。

He always wants to be the focus of attention.他总想成为注意力的焦点。

Bring the object into focus if you want a sharp photograph.要照出清晰的照片,就要把焦点对准物体。

词义辨析: concentrate, focus这两个动词均有“集中,聚集”之意。

concentrate: 指把人或物集中在一起,也可指把精力或注意力集中于某一事物上。

focus: 侧重指把光、热、射线等集中于一点,也可指把思想或精力等集中于某人或某事情上。

4. athlete, sportsperson, playerathlete—a person who is skilled in bodily exercise and who competes in games that need strength and speed, such as running and jumping.Sportsperson—a person who is keen on spors.Player—a person who plays in a ball game, often professionally.e.g. It’s quite an event for an athlete to win a gold medal at the Olympic Games.My boss is a keen sportsperson and keeps encouraging me to get moreoutdoor activity.Michael Jordan is the best basketball player I’ve ever seen.5. essential—(1) n. (usu. Pl.) sth. that is necessary or very important(2) a. (to, for) necessary, centrale.g. In considering this problem, you should grasp its essentials.在考虑这一问题时,你应当抓住实质。

Her most essential quality is kindness.她最主要的品质是善良。

Food is essential to life.食物对生命是必不可少的。

Political stability is essential for economic development.6. relevant (ant. Irrelevant)—directly connected with the subject or problem being discussed or considerede.g. The essay isn't even remotely relevant to the topic.这篇文章毫不切题。

These facts are relevant to the case.这些事实和此案有关。

She gobbled up all the relevant information.她如饥似渴地收集一切有关的信息。

This type of university course is no longer relevant to today's problems.这类大学课程对当今的问题而言已没有实际价值。

His nationality isn't relevant to whether he's a good teacher.他的国籍与他是否是位好老师无关。

7. approach--n. 接近, 途径, 方法; v. 靠近, 接近, 动手处理e.g.All the approaches to the palace were guarded by troops.通往宫殿的所有道路都有部队把守。

The time is approaching when we must think about buying a new house.我们要想一想买新房子的事了,时机即将来临。

Heavy footsteps signalled the teacher's approach.沉重的脚步声显示教师已经走近了。

There are several ways of approaching the problem.处理这个问题有好几个方法。

All approaches to the city were blocked.通往这座城市的所有道路都被封锁了。

Silently we approached the enemy's camp.我们静悄悄地逼近敌人的营地。

The lion's approach drove away the small animals.狮子一走近,小动物们都跑开了。

【词义辨析】manner, method, way, mode, fashion, means, approach这些名词均含“方法、方式”之意。

manner: 多指行动的特殊方式或独特的方法。

method: 指有系统、有条理地办事或解决问题的方法。

way: 普通用词,可指一般的方法,有时也指个人的方法或方式,也可指特殊的方式或方法。

mode: 书面用词,常指因个人爱好或传统习俗等因素而遵循的方法。

fashion: 着重独特的程序或方式,尤指个人的偏爱或习惯。

means: 指为达到某种目的或目标而采用的方法、手段或途径。