清华大学有机化学李艳梅老师课件第1章-绪论

A1
E-mail: liym@ URL: /liym
Introduction 第一章 绪论
Organic Chemistry A (1) By Prof. Li Yan-Mei Tsinghua University
有机化学研究领域
1.4 The methods to study organic chemistry and how to learn organic chemistry
有机化学研究方法及如何学习有机化学课程
1.1 Introduction and a brief history
有机化学历史简介
有机化学 ？
In 1845 acetic acid and in 1854 ester were separately synthesized from inorganic compounds, indicating the final demise of vitalism.
兴趣阅读：
See appendix file 0001: Letter between Wöhler and his adviser, Berzelius. See appendix file 0002: Wöhler’s paper on synthesis of urea See appendix file 0003: Problems and answers on the urea synthetic paper
The demise of vitalism
1828, preparation of urea from inorganic compounds indicates the demise of “vitalism”.
By the 18th century, some pure organic compounds were obtained.
制醋
H3C C OH O
茜草
Dyeing has become am important industry before Zhou dynasty.
染色
In ancient ages, mixtures of organic compounds were abstracted from natural products. Chinese traditional drug, dye, and perfume are of this kind.
1. Organic compounds and organic chemistry 第一部分 有机化合物和有机化学
1.1 Introduction and a brief history
有机化学历史简介
1.2 Character of organic compound
有机化合物的特性
1.3 Research fields in organic chemistry
Organic Chemistry in the History
古埃及人利用有机化合物处理尸体
To make human body into a mummy,
formalin was often employed in ancient Egypt.
Formalin aqueous solution of formaldehyde
Content
Part I Organic compounds and organic chemistry ------ History
第一部分 有机化合物与有机化学 －－ 历史简 介
Part II Fundamental Knowledge 第二部分 基础知识 ● Structure, reaction & Classification ● Formulas ● Nomenclature
(NH4)+NCO氰酸铵
Ammonium cyanate
H2N NH2 O
The fact that organic compounds could be obtained from inorganic compounds without the help of organism was not accepted for a long time.
有机化合物 ？
Starch（淀粉）
O
OH
H
* C R1 C N R2 N n*
Gasoline （汽油）
CmHn m value around 8
O OH
O O CH3
乙酰水杨酸（阿斯匹林）
O OH
OH
Salicylic acid
H3C C O C CH3 OO
O OH
O O CH3
Acetylsalicylic acid
O HH
甲醛
Wine was invented before Xia dynasty. By Zhou dynasty, wine has become very important in sacrifice events.
制酒
CH3CH2OH «周礼»
Vinegar production has already become an expect technology by Zhou dynasty.
(from Yale University)
1800
A brief historyFra bibliotekFriedrich Wöhler Synthesis of urea
1900
2000
Important events on organic chemistry
Turtric acid was obtained from grape juice, citric acid was abstracted from lemon juice, and urea was purified from urine.
In 1806, famous chemist, Berzelius J. first used the word “organic chemistry”, and states, organic compounds could not be produced without “vital force（生命力）”