构词法学生导学案

高三语法总复习：构词法(Word Formation)思维导向一、1. 请观察下列词形变化现象和规则（1）house（房子）+work（劳动）→ housework家务劳动black（黑色的）+board（木板）→blackboard黑板man（人）+made（做）→ man-made人造的down（在下）+stairs（楼梯）→downstairs在楼下（2）请判断划线单词的词性Let me have a try.（__________）She tried to persuade him out of smoking, but in vain.（__________）Her answer is right. （__________）A poor child has the right to receive education. （__________）（3）语法填空You’d better give up smoking if you want to keep ____________ (health)No one should enter the spot without the_______________ (permit) of the police.He strongly _____________ (agree) with the plan, saying that it was a waste of money.As a result of his _________________ (care), the vase was broken into pieces.2. 结论：英语中的构词法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生（1）由两个或更多的词合成一个新词的方法叫作_______________。

合成词有时用连字符--连接，有时直接写在一起，有时分开写。

（2）把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作_____________。

（3）在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作__________。

________一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；________一般改变词类，不引起词义的变化。

思维导向二: 合成请用合成法写出下列单词、请根据合成法猜出下列单词的中文意思（1）名词/代词＋名词blood-test she-wolf名词＋动名词machine-building形容词＋名词freeway shorthand loudspeaker名词＋动词daybreak动词＋名词typewriter pickpocket动词＋副词get-together副词＋动词outbreak动名词＋名词freezing point副词＋动词downfall名词＋介词＋名词son-in-law2) 合成形容词名词＋形容词airsick名词＋现在分词peace-loving，名词＋过去分词snow-covered数词＋名词one-way形容词＋名词large-scale形容词＋名词＋ed noble-minded形容词＋现在分词fine-sounding副词＋现在分词far-reaching副词＋过去分词widespread结论：还有一些以其他方式构成的合成名词。

如：wellbeing 福利，byproduct 副产品，good-for-nothing 无用之人，go-between 中间人，1.She had home-made ice cream for dessert.2. He was absent-minded and made a lot of mistakes.3. Many color-blind people can ‘t recognize different shades of red and green.4. He wore a dark- blue shirt, a lemon-yellow tie and horn-rimmed glasses.5. You can cut down on take - away food and choose to eat at home.思维导向三: 转化完成句子1. 我们到外面去散散步吧。

Let's go out for a_______ .2. 他是一个体格健壮的汉子。

He is a man of strong ________.3. 咱们游泳吧。

Let's have a _______.4. 你订好飞机座位了吗?Did you ______ a seat on the plane?5. 请把那本书递给我。

Please ________ me the book.他不知道是非的区别。

He didn't know the difference between_______ and ________.7.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。

You should be dressed in ________ at the funeral.8.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。

The _______ in our village are living a happy life.9.火车慢了下来。

The train ________ down.10.教室里渐渐安静下来The classroom gradually ________ down.结论1) 动词转化为名词, 如句子____________2) 名词转化为动词如句子___________3) 形容词转化为动词，如句子___________4) 形容词转化为名词，如句子___________表示___________ 的形容词常可转化为名词，如句子7某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured与_____连用，表示一类人，如句子8 Test (达标检测) 中译英1.炎热的天气将持续到九月。

2. 你应该每三天给花浇一次水。

3. 这本书对学生来说是必不可少的。

4. 这个剧院能容纳两千人.5. 他们在黎明时启航，驶向美国。

思维导向四：派生请在单词前面加前缀或在单词后面加后缀构成一个新词。

1.appear出现→____________消失correct正确的→____________不正确的lead带领→_________误导stop停下→__________不停comfortable 舒服的→_____________不舒服的polite 有礼貌的→__________没有礼貌logical 符合逻辑的→_________不符合逻辑的2. gas 气体→____________防毒气的net 网→____________互联网use 使用→___________再用way 道路→__________地铁conference 会议→_____________电话会议3. nature 自然→_____________自然的reason 道理→_____________有道理的America 美国→_____________美国的gold 金子→_____________金的east 东→___________东方的poison 毒→____________有毒的snow 雪→____________雪的4. differ 不同于→_____________区别write 写→_________作家disappoint 使失望→_________________失望act 表演→__________女演员mouth 口→____________一口5. wide 宽的→________加宽pure 纯的→_________提纯real 真的→__________实现; 意识到6. angry 生气的__________生气地east 东方→____________向东-ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)：wise→_________angry→__________true→_____________simple→____________possible→___________gentle→______________-ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。

例如：up→___________向上down→_____________ 向下Test (达标检测)语法填空。

1. To everyone’s ________(satisfy)，the girl finished the job quite well.2. The soldier died for saving the child，so his_______（die）is heavier than Mount Tai.3. Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it ________( intend).4. My TV is out of order. Can you tell me what is the________(late) news about Iraq War?5.The Great Wall is more than 6000 Li in ________(long).6. My mobile phone is ___________(extreme) useful .7.The child looked at me________(strange).8.The black people were against slavery and fought for their________( free) bravely.9. We have to learn________( advance)technology from other countries.10. She is very __________ (religion) and goes to church three times a week.11. He did not get a chance to _________ (deep) his knowledge of Poland.。