英语人教版必修4学案：Unit 5 Section Ⅲ Grammar 构词法含解析

Section_ⅢGrammar—构词法语法图解探究发现①chairman主席newspaper报纸hometown 家乡airport 机场sunrise 日出②dislike 不喜欢incorrect 不正确的unlucky 不走运的retell 复述telephone 电话③reader 读者inventor 发明家Chinese 中国人Indian 印度人artist 艺术家kindness 和蔼operation 手术④water 水/浇水dry 干的/弄干book 书籍/预订nurse 护士/护理better 更好/改善[我的发现](1)①组中的单词是将两个单词合并在一起，形成一个新的单词。

这种构词法被称之为合成法。

(2)②组中的单词都是在各自的词根前加了不同的前缀，如dis-，in-，un-，re-，tele-等。

(3)③组中的单词是在各自的词根后加了不同的后缀，如-er, -or, -ese, -ian等。

(4)②③组中单词的构词法被称之为派生法。

(5)④组中的单词所展示的构词法被称之为转化法。

英语中词的构成方法主要有三种：合成、派生和转化。

一、合成由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连字符“-”连接，有的直接写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。

1．合成名词构成方式举例构成方式举例名词＋名词weekend周末动词＋名词postcard 明信片名词＋动词daybreak破晓动词-ing＋名词waiting-room候车室名词＋动词-ing handwriting书法形容词＋名词fastfood快餐构成方式举例构成方式举例名词＋动词-ing English-speaking讲英语的形容词＋名词part-time兼职的名词＋动词-ed state-owned国有的形容词＋动词-inggood-looking相貌好的副词＋动词-ed widespread分布广的形容词＋名词＋-edwarm-hearted热心的构成方式举例构成方式举例形容词＋名词sometimes有时副词＋名词indoors在室内介词＋名词alongside在一边副词＋介词nearby附近5.[名师点津]则在最后一个词后面加复数形式。

例如：father-in-law→fathers-in-law, grow-up→grow-ups。

(2)由man和woman构成的合成名词变复数时，两个名词都要变成复数。

例如：woman doctor→women doctors。

(3)由“名词＋名词”构成的复合名词，在变复数时，只变化中心名词，而修饰名词不变。

例如：girlfriend→girlfriends。

[即时演练1](1)写出下列单词的汉语意思①greenhouse温室②sunset 日落③far-reaching 影响深远的④heartfelt 由衷的⑤hotfoot 匆忙地⑥overcome 克服(2)将下列合成名词变为复数形式①daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law②go-between→go-betweens③man-teacher→men-teachers④Englishman→Englishmen二、派生派生法是由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。

1．前缀前缀一般只改变单词的意思，不改变词性。

后缀常会改变单词的词性，构成意思相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。

①incomplete不完全的②impossible 不可能的③enlarge 扩大④recycle 再循环⑤cooperate 合作⑥international 国际的⑦wooden 木制的⑧widen 加宽⑨scholarship 奖学金⑩honesty 诚实三、转化名词↑↓形容词light光线/轻的，wrong错误/错的，right右边/对的动词↑↓形容词clean打扫/干净的，close关上/近的，free使自由/自由的副词↑↓形容词enough足够地/足够的，last最后/最后的，hard努力/困难的读音不同词性不同这些词作动词时重音在后，作名词时重音在前：contest竞赛，export出口，increase增加，permit允许，progress进步，rebel反抗，record记录[即时演练3]写出下列句中加黑单词的词性和词义①He is a man with a powerful build. n．体格②Today, fresh fruit from these trees is shipped from one country to another.v.运输③The train slowed down.v.减缓④They're running in the final. n．决赛⑤You should be dressed in black.v.穿衣Ⅰ.写出下列句中画线单词的词性和词义1．A.Take a few deep, slow breaths.adj. 缓慢的B．You must slow down a little or you'll make yourself ill.v._放慢2．A.Mary's reading a book by Stephen King.n. 书B．I'd like to book a table for two for 8 o'clock tonight.v. 预订3．A.Jenny dropped the plate and it broke into pieces.v. 打碎B．Lily wanted to take a career break in order to have children. n. 休息4．A.I didn't need to go to the bank after all — Mary lent me the money.v. 需要B．There is no need for you to get up early tomorrow.n. 必要5．A.There are many new houses and shops along the street.n._商店B．I always shop on Saturdays.v._购物6．A.It was only a dream,_after all.n._梦B．The boy dreams of becoming a pilot.v._梦想7．A.What's the score？n._比分B．Who scored the goal？v._进球8．A.What is the result of your entrance examination？n._结果B．The accident resulted in the death of two passengers.v._导致Ⅱ.找出文中的构词法并写出汉语意思There are many social science majors in large companies who take up important positions. For example, a number of research studies found that social science majors had achieved greater managerial success than those who had technical training or pre-professional courses. Studies show that social science majors are most suited for change, which is the leading feature of the kind of high-speed, high-pressure, high-tech world we now live in.Social science majors are not only experiencing success in their long-term company jobs, but they are also finding jobs more easily. A study showed that many companies had filled a large percentage of their entry-level positions with social science graduates.1．pre-professional“提前职业培训的”，派生词，加前缀pre-，表示before(在……之前；预先)2．high-speed“高速的”，合成词3．high-pressure“高压力的”，合成词4．high-tech“高科技的”，合成词5．experience_“经历”，转化词，由名词experience(经验、经历)转化而来6．long-term“长期的”，合成词7．percentage“百分比”，派生词，加后缀-age8．entry-level“初级的”，合成词Ⅲ.语法填空“Remember, your father is only one year __1__ (old) than you.” That was Mum's usual excuse when Dad said the wrong things or did something __2__ (fool)．Dad quitted drinking exactly one year before I was born. He joined a group of other people. He said they __3__ (stop) drinking, too. I loved my dad __4__ I hated the way his weekly meetings took him away __5__ me. It seemed that they were more important to him than I was. But with my birthday coming up I thought Dad would make an __6__ (except).“Can't you miss it just this time? Saturday is my birthday！”I begged him but __7__ (refuse). He said, “I am chairing the meeting this Saturday. We will have your party on Sunday.”Saturday evening I sat on my bed, __8__ (feel) sorry for myself. Dad started to leave, then paused and said, “Why not come with me together tonight? It's an open meeting. All are welcome.” __9__ would I do at a meeting? But maybe I needed to see why something Dad did every week mattered so much.After we arrived, Dad announced the theme of the meeting was going to be grateful. He told his story about giving up smoking. Later, a man __10__ (call) Dave also told his story. Only then did I know it was Dad that saved his life from drinking. Showing up week after week and meeting with people, Dad was changing lives. Shame washed over me.1．older从空后的“than you”可知，这里要用形容词的比较级。