语言学名词解释

Define the following terms:

1.Linguistics: Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.

2.Phonology: The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology.

3.Syntax: The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences is called syntax. .

4.Pragmatics: The study of meaning in context of use is called pragmatics.

5.Psycholinguistics: The study of language with reference to the workings of mind is called psycholinguistics.

nguage: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.

7.Phonetics: The study of sounds which are used in linguistic communication is called phonetics.

8.Morphology: The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words is called morphology.

9.Semantics: The study of meaning in language is called semantics.

10.Sociolinguistics: The study of language with reference to society is called sociolinguistics.

11.Applied linguistics: In a narrow sense, applied linguistics refers to the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teaching and learning, especially the teaching of foreign and second languages. In a broad sense, it refers to the application of linguistic findings to the solution of practical problems such as the recovery of speech ability.

12.Arbitrariness: It is one of the design features of language. It means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds

13.Productivity: Language is productive or creative in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users.

14.Displacement: Displacement means that language can be used to refer to things which are present or not present, real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future, or in far-away places. In other words, language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker

15.Duality: The duality nature of language means that language is a system, which consists of two sets of structure, or two levels, one of sounds and the other of meanings.

16.Design features: Design features refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication

petence: Chomsky defines competence as the ideal user's knowledge of the rules of his language,

18.Performance: performance is the actual realization of the knowledge of the rules in linguistic communication.

ngue : Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community; Langue is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to follow; Langue is relatively stable, it does not change frequently

20.Parole: Parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use; parole is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules; parole varies from person to person, and from situation to situation.45. phonology: Phonology studies the system of sounds of a particular language; it aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication.

21. phoneme: The basic unit in phonology is called phoneme; it is a unit of distinctive value. But