高一英语必修一unit4单词

Unit 4 Natural disasters1. disaster 灾难；灾害词根法：dis（前缀，表否定）aster（star的希腊语）➡️星位不正，指灾难2. tornado （复数-oes or -os）龙卷风；旋风拼背法：t 逃or或者na哪do做龙卷风来了，逃或者哪里做个庇护！3. drought 旱灾；久旱词根法：dr（干的dry的缩写）➕后缀ought4. landslide （山地或悬崖的）崩塌；滑坡slide（使）滑行；滑动拼背法：sli胜利de的山体滑坡，死里逃生，胜利的！5. tsunami 海啸拼背法：tsu特殊nami娜米特殊的娜米，可以操控海啸。

6. flood 洪水；大量；淹没；大量涌入；使灌满水；淹没拼背法：f飞l（形）油条（形）oo鸡蛋d的洪水来了，一根油条两个鸡蛋飞了！相似单词：mood 心情food 食物good 好的7. volcanic eruption 火山喷发词根法：volcano火山—volcanic火山的拼背法：vol音量（前缀）➕can能o哦音量能哦的是火山！词根法：erupt爆发—eruption 爆（喷）发8. magnitude （地）震级；重大拼背法：mag马哥ni你吐得马哥你吐得像地震！9. rescue 营救；救援拼背法：re热s死cu醋e鹅热死吃醋的鹅是一种救援。

10. damage 损害；破坏；损坏；损失词根法：dama（征服）➕(a)ge（表行为结果）➡️征服意味着对另一方的破坏词根法2:dam（damn该死的，诋毁的缩写）➕age（名词词根，但语境不同也可表示动词）➡️诋毁会损害他人，但不会完全摧毁拓：与破坏：destroy、ruin的区别destroy：完全摧毁，已没有了当初的模样ruin：也是完全摧毁，但更多表示成为废墟，废墟11. destroy 摧毁；毁灭词根法：de（表相反、否定）➕story（建造的意思）12. evacuate 疏散；撤出；撤离词根法：e（词根ex的简写，向外）➕vac（ ️eg.vacation：空出来的日子）➕u引导的形容词后缀“ate”➡️表撤出使变空，即疏散13. helicopter 直升机拼背法：heli（类highly高高地）➕copter（“靠扑腾”，似螺旋桨发出的声音）词根法：helic（螺旋）➕opt（选择）➕er（表机器）➡️选择螺旋上升的机器，即 ️14. death 死；死亡die动词：he died last week。

高一英语必修一Unit4重要知识点总结（词汇）高一英语必修一Unit4重要知识点总结（词汇）survey· 基本用法urvey n. 调查;测量;问卷 The surveyor made a survland. 测量员对土地进行了测量。

After much delaulurvey were published. 耽搁多时之后，调查结果终于公布了。

2. survey v. 调查;审视;研究(survey多用作及物动词，后接名词或代词作宾语。

可用于被动结构) You should survuation before doing that. 做那件事之前，你应该观察一下形势。

The police are surveying evidence. 警察在查看现场。

· 知识拓展--词义辨析:arch/ survarch 强调科学考察、学术考察，如arch (科学考察)等，都有明确的考察内容。

2. survey 通常用问卷或其他方式，如 a survey of books bought annually (年购买图书方面的调查)，这种调查最后的结构一般是用百分数来显示。

ghborhood· 基本用法ghborhood n. 四邻;街坊;附近Tuch man in our neighborhood. 在我们的邻近没有这样的人。

This neighborhood is quiet peaceful! 这邻近一带很安静平和。

You'll findlghborhood. 你会在附近找到这家旅店。

· 知识拓展--词义辨析ghbor/ neighborhoodghbor 名词，意为“邻居;邻人”，如： my next-door neighbor 我的隔壁邻居 We are neighbors now. 我们现在是邻居了。

2. neighborhood 名词，“社区;四邻，街坊” He lives somewghborhood. 他住在附近某处。

高一英语必修一unit4知识点总结知识能够被获得，并且因为它的本质，知识总是局部的，它永远都不是完整的，所以，一切源于知识的行动也都是局部的、不完整的。

下面给大家分享一些关于高一英语必修一unit4知识点，希望对大家有所帮助。

高一英语必修一unit4知识1重点词汇、短语1. right away 立刻，马上(= at once = in no time)2. asleep 睡着的;熟睡地(fall asleep 入睡)sleep 睡;睡眠sleepy 犯困的3. it seems that/as if… 看来好像…;似乎4. in ruins 成为废墟5. the number of …的数量(做主语时，谓语动词用单数)a number of 大量(做主语时，谓语动词用复数)6. rescue workers 营救人员come to one’s rescue 营救某人7. be trapped 被困8. how long 多长时间how often 多久一次，指频率how soon 还要多久(用于将来时当中，用in+时间段回答)9. hundreds of thousands of 成千上万的10. dig out 挖出11. shake----泛指“动摇，震动”,常指左右、上下动摇，也可以指人“震惊，颤抖”例：She felt the earth shaking under him.She was shaken with anger.quake---- 指较强烈的震动，如地震The building quaked on its foundation.tremble---- 指人由于寒冷、恐惧、不安等引起的身体的抖动或声音的颤抖例：Suddenly I saw her lips begin to tremble and tears begin to flow down her cheeks.shiver---- 多指寒冷引起的颤抖、哆嗦例：A sudden gust of cold wind made me shiver.12. rise (rose—risen)---- vi, 上升;升起，无被动语态give rise to 引起raise(raised—raised)---- vt, 举起;筹集;养育arise ( arose—arisen)----vt, 出现(常指问题或现象)13. injure---- 常指因意外事故造成的损伤，也可以指感情上名誉上的伤害例：He was injured in a car accident.harm---- 泛指“伤害，损害”，既可以指有生命的，也可以指无生命的例：He was afraid that his fury(暴怒) would harm the child.His business was harmed for some reason.hurt---- 既可以指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的伤害例：She hurt her leg when she fell.He felt hurt at your word.wound---- 一般指枪伤、刀伤等在战场上受的伤例：The bullet wounded him in the arm.14. be prepared for …= make preparations for… 为…做准备15. in one’s honor 向…表示敬意;为纪念be/feel honored to do… 做…感到很荣幸16. make /give/deliver a speech 发言opening speech 开幕词17. give/ provide shelter to… 向…提供庇护所seek shelter from… 躲避18. happen to do sth. 偶然;碰巧happen ----指偶然发生take place----指事先计划好的事情发生高一英语必修一unit4知识2重点句型1. The number of people who were killed or injured in the earthquake reached more than 400,000.(定语从句)死伤的人数达到40多万。

人教版新课标高一英语必修一重要单词及短语整理Unit 4重要单词1. earthquake n.2. quake n.3. well n.4. pipe n.5. burst vi.6. million n.7. event n.8. nation n.9. canal n.10. steam n.11. dirt n.12. ruin n.vt.13. suffering n.14. extreme adj.15. injure vt.16. destroy vt.17. brick n.18. dam n.19. track n.20. useless adj.21. shock vt&vi. n.22. rescue vt.&n.23. trap vt.n.24. electricity n.25. disaster n.26. bury vt.27. mine n.28. shelter n.29. title n.30. reporter n.31. bar n.32. damage n&vt.33. frighten vt.34. frightened adj.35. frightening adj.36. congratulation n.37. judge n. vt.38. sincerely adv.39. express vt.n.40. outline n.41. headline n.42. cyclist n.重要短语1. right away2. as if3. at an end4. in ruins5. dig out6. a (great)number of7. tens of thousands of8. be proud of汉语意思重要单词1. 地震2. 地震3. 井4. 管；导管5. 爆裂；爆发6. 百万7. 事件；大事8. 民族；国家；国民9. 运河；水道 10. 蒸汽；水汽 11. 污垢；泥土 12. n. 废墟；毁灭。

2019人教版高一英语新教材必修一词汇表（含教材例句及词汇用法讲解）本词汇表主要特色：1.呈现教材原文例句，重视词汇在语境中的运用。

2.词汇用法讲解紧扣新课标和新考纲，深度和广度适中，条理清晰，系统完整。

3.精选高考真题例句、词典例句和时文例句，例句具有典型性和示范性。

4.展示高考真题，揭示高考命题角度和思路。

5.适合高一学生同步使用以及高三学生总复习使用。

Book 1Unit 41.disaster / dɪˈzɑ:stə(r) / n.灾难；灾害natural disasters 自然灾害（P47）an air disaster 空难It was the second air disaster in less than two months. 这是不到两个月内的第二次空难了。

Thousands of people died in the disaster. 数千人在这场灾难中丧生。

2. tornado /tɔ:ˈneɪdəʊ / n.(pl. -oes or -os) 龙卷风；旋风The tornado killed dozens of lives. 那场龙卷风夺去了几十条人命.3.drought / draʊt / n.旱灾；久旱The ground is as hard as stone after the drought. 长期干旱后土地硬得就像石头一样。

ndslide / ˈlændslaɪd / n. ( landfall) ( 山地或悬崖的）崩塌；滑坡The village was destroyed by a landslide. 滑坡摧毀了村庄。

The heavy rain caused the landslide. 大雨引起山体滑坡。

5.slide / slaɪd / vi. & vt. (slid, slid ) (使）滑行；滑动We slid on the ice. 我们在冰上滑行。

Unit 4 单词表1. absolute [ˈæbsəluːt] adj.完全的;绝对的2. achieve [əˈtʃiːv] v.完成;实现3. advantage [ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ] n.优势;有利条件4. alternative [ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪv] n.替代(方案)5. analyze [ˈænəlaɪz] v.分析6. attempt [əˈtempt] v.尝试;努力7. background [ˈbækɡraʊnd] n.背景;背景资料8. balance [ˈbæləns] v.平衡9. capable [ˈkeɪpəbl] adj.有能力的;能干的10. career [kəˈrɪr] n.事业；[特指]职业11. challenge [ˈtʃæləndʒ] n.挑战12. characteristic [ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk] adj.典型的;特有的13.bination [ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃn] n.结合;联合14.munication [kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn] n.交流;通讯15.munity [kəˈmjuːnətɪ] n.社区;社会16.pare [kəmˈpeə(r)] v.比较17.pete [kəmˈpiːt] v.竞争18. concentrate [ˈkɒnsəntreɪt] v.集中19. confident [ˈkɒnfɪdənt] adj.有信心的20. connect [kəˈnekt] v.连接21. conscious [ˈkɒnʃəs] adj.意识到的;有意的22. convenient [kənˈviːniənt] adj.方便的23. convert [kənˈvɜːt] v.转变;转换24. crucial [ˈkruːʃəl] adj.至关重要的25. culture [ˈkʌltʃə(r)] n.文化26. decade [ˈdekeɪd] n.十年27. define [dɪˈfaɪn] v.定义28. deliver [dɪˈlɪvə(r)] v.交付;递送29. demonstrate [ˈdemənstreɪt] v.演示;证明30. derive [dɪˈraɪv] v.源于;得自31. design [dɪˈzaɪn] v.设计32. desire [dɪˈzaɪə(r)] n.欲望33. destroy [dɪˈstrɔɪ] v.毁灭34. detect [dɪˈtekt] v.发现35. develop [dɪˈveləp] v.发展36. dimension [daɪˈmenʃn] n.维度;方面37. direct [dəˈrekt] adj.直接的;直率的38. discover [dɪˈskʌvə(r)] v.发现39. discuss [dɪˈskʌs] v.讨论40. diverse [daɪˈvɜːs] adj.不同的;多种多样的41. dynamic [daɪˈnæmɪk] adj.动态的;有活力的42. economy [ɪˈkɒnəmi] n.经济43. edit [ˈedɪt] v.编辑44. element [ˈelɪmənt] n.元素;要素45. emotion [ɪˈməʊʃn] n.情感46. enable [ɪˈneɪbl] v.使能够;使可能47. energy [ˈenədʒi] n.能量;精力48. environment [ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt] n.环境49. equipment [ɪˈkwɪpmənt] n.设备;装备50. establish [ɪˈstæblɪʃ] v.建立51. estimate [ˈestɪmət] v.估计52. evaluate [ɪˈvæljueɪt] v.评估53. evidence [ˈevɪdəns] n.证据54. evolve [ɪˈvɒlv] v.发展;进化55. examine [ɪɡˈzæmɪn] v.检查;调查56. expand [ɪkˈspænd] v.扩大;扩展57. expl本人n [ɪkˈspleɪn] v.解释58. exploit [ɪkˈsplɔɪt] v.利用59. external [ɪkˈstɜːnl] adj.外部的;外面的60. facilitate [fəˈsɪlɪteɪt] v.促进;使便利61. factor [ˈfæktə(r)] n.因素62. feature [ˈfiːtʃə] n.特征;特点63. focus [ˈfəʊkəs] v.聚焦;集中64. function [ˈfʌŋkʃən] n.功能;作用65. generate [ˈdʒenəreɪt] v.产生;引起66. govern [ˈɡʌvən] v.管理;统治67. guarantee [ˌɡærənˈtiː] v.保证;担保68. highlight [ˈhaɪlaɪt] v.强调;使突出69. hypothesis [haɪˈpɒθəsɪs] n.假设70. identical [aɪˈdentɪkl] adj.相同的;一模一样的71. identify [aɪˈdentɪfaɪ] v.确定;识别72. ignore [ɪɡˈnɔː] v.忽视;忽略73. illustrate [ˈɪləstreɪt] v.说明;举例说明74. impact [ˈɪmpækt] n.影响75. implement [ˈɪmplɪment] v.实施;执行76. imply [ɪmˈplaɪ] v.暗示;意味着77. initial [ɪˈnɪʃl] adj.最初的78. innovate [ˈɪnəveɪt] v.创新;革新79. inspect [ɪnˈspekt] v.检查80. inspire [ɪnˈspaɪə(r)] v.激发;鼓舞81. instruct [ɪnˈstrʌkt] v.指导;教导82. integrate [ˈɪntɪɡreɪt] v.整合;结合83. interpret [ɪnˈtɜːprɪt] v.解释;理解84. introduce [ˌɪntrəˈdjuːs] v.介绍;引进85. invest [ɪnˈvest] v.投资86. involve [ɪnˈvɒlv] v.涉及;使参与87. issue [ˈɪʃuː] n.问题;议题88. justify [ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ] v.证明…的合理性89. label [ˈleɪbl] n.标签;标记90. m本人nt本人n [meɪnˈteɪn] v.保持;维持91. manipulate [məˈnɪpjuleɪt] v.操纵;操作92. maximize [ˈmæksɪmaɪz] v.最大化93. modify [ˈmɒdɪfaɪ] v.修改;更改94. monitor [ˈmɒnɪtə(r)] v.监测;监控95. motive [ˈməʊtɪv] n.动机96. negate [nɪˈɡeɪt] v.否定97. negotiate [nɪˈɡəʊʃieɪt] v.谈判;协商98. obt本人n [əbˈteɪn] v.获得99. occupy [ˈɒkjʊpaɪ] v.占据;占领100. occur [əˈkɜː(r)] v.发生以上是高一英语必修一unit4的单词表。

Unit 4课文重点单词、短语及重点句式Part I 课文重点单词1. rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援【教材原句】What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area? 在受灾地区，救援人员和士兵在做什么？【高考例句】①（2016北京）Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.现在，电击训练和医疗正在帮助营救这些大鸟。

①（2017全国1卷）I work with volunteers for wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. 我和野生动物志愿者一起工作，这是一个位于蝗虫谷贝利植物园的救援和教育组织。

【常用搭配】rescue sb./ sth. from…从……中营救某人/某物come to sb’s rescue 营救某人【练一练】1.Firefighters _______________ from a burning building.消防队员从着火的大楼里救出了一个孩子。

2. damage vt. 损害；破坏n. 损坏；损失【教材原句】Which buildings were damaged in Seoul？首尔哪些建筑物受损？【高考例句】（2015北京）But if the damage is caused by the user, you will have to pay for the repair. 但是，如果损坏是由用户造成的，那您必修支付维修费用。

【常用搭配】do damage to sb/sth对……造成损害【练一练】1._____________________________________________________. 吸烟严重损害健康。

1.disaster / dɪˈzɑ:stə(r) / n.灾难；灾害2. tornado /tɔ:ˈneɪdəʊ / n.(pl. -oes or-os) 龙卷风；旋风3.drought / draʊt / n.旱灾；久旱ndslide / ˈlændslaɪd / n. ( landfall) (山地或悬崖的）崩塌；滑坡5.slide / slaɪd / vi. &vt. (slid, slid) (使）滑行；滑动6. tsunami / tsu:ˈnɑ:mi / 海啸7.flood / flʌd / n. 洪水；大量vi.淹没；大量涌入vt使灌满水；淹没8.volcanic eruption / vɔlˈkænɪk ɪˈrʌpʃən / 火山喷发9. magnitude / ˈmægnɪtju:d / n. (地）震级；重大10. rescue / ˈreskju: / n.&vt. 营救；救援11. damage / ˈdæmɪdʒ / vt. 损害；破坏n.损坏；损失12.destroy/dɪ’strɔɪ/ vt. 摧毁；毁灭13.evacuate / ɪˈvækjueɪt / vt. 疏散；撤出vi. 撤离14.helicopter / ˈhelɪkɒptə(r)/ n. 直升机15. death/ deθ/ n. 死；死亡16.affect /ə’fekt/ vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动17．shelter/’ʃeltə/ n.避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽vi. 躲避（风、雨或危险）18. crack /kræk/ n.裂纹；裂缝vi. &vt. (使）破裂19.as if 似乎；好像；仿佛20.ruin /’ru:ɪn/ n. &vt. 破坏；毁坏in ruins严重受损；破败不堪21.percent / pəˈsent / n. 百分之….22.brick /brɪk/ n. 砖；砖块23.metal /’metl/ n. 金属24.shock /ʃɒk/ n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt (使）震惊25.electricity / ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti / n.电；电能26.trap /træp/ vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套n. 险境；陷阱27. bury / ˈberi / vt. 埋葬；安葬28.breathe / bri:ð / vi.&vt.呼吸29.revive / rɪˈvaɪv / vt.& vi复活；（使）苏醒30.revival / rɪˈvaɪvl/ n. 振兴；复苏31.effort /’efət / n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力32.unify / ˈju:nɪfaɪ / vi.&vt. 统一；（使）成一体33.wisdom / ˈwɪzdəm / n. 智慧；才智34.context/ ˈkɒntekst / n. 上下文；语境；背景35.suffer / ˈsʌfə(r) / vt. 遭受；蒙受vi.受苦suffer from 因……而痛苦；患有（疾病等）36.volcano / vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ / n. 火山37.erupt / ɪˈrʌpt / vi.&vt. ( 火山）爆发；喷出38.supply / səˈplaɪ / n.供应（量）；补给；[pl.] 补给品vt. 供应；供给39.typhoon / taɪˈfu:n / n.台风40.in the open air 露天；在户外41.hurricane / ˈhʌrɪkən / n . ( 尤指大西洋的）飓风42. survive / səˈvaɪv/ vt. 幸存；艰难度过vi.生存；存活43. power / ˈpaʊə(r) / n.电力供应；力量；控制力44. tap / tæp/ vi.&vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲45.pipe/ paɪp/ n.管子；管道46.whistle / ˈwɪsl / vi.吹口哨；发出笛声vt.吹口哨n. 哨子（声）；呼啸声47.emergency/ iˈmɜ:dʒənsi / n. 突发事件；紧急情况48. calm / kɑ:m / adj.镇静的；沉着的vt. 使平静；使镇静48.aid / eɪd / n.援助；帮助；救援物资vi.&vt. (formal) 帮助；援助49.kit / kɪt / n. 成套工具；成套设备first aid kit 急救箱50. on hand现有（尤指帮助）51.crash / kræʃ/ vi.&vt. 碰撞；撞击n. 撞车；碰撞52. sweep /swi:p/ vt.&vi. ( swept,swept) 打扫；清扫sweep away消灭；彻底消除53.wave / weɪv / n.海浪；波浪vi.&vt. 挥手；招手54. strike / straɪk / vi.&vt. (struck, struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打n. 罢工；罢课；袭击55.deliver/ dɪˈlɪvə(r) / vt.& vi.递送；传达vt. 发表56. summary /ˈsʌməri / n. 总结；概括；概要57.effect / ɪˈfekt / n.影响；结果；效果58.length/ leŋθ/ n.长；长度1.__________ n.灾难；灾害2. __________ n.(pl. -oes or-os) 龙卷风；旋风3. __________ n.旱灾；久旱4. __________ n. ( landfall) (山地或悬崖的）崩塌；滑坡5. __________ vi. &vt. (slid, slid) (使）滑行；滑动6. __________海啸7. __________ n. 洪水；大量vi.淹没；大量涌入vt使灌满水；淹没8. __________ 火山喷发9. __________ n. (地）震级；重大10. __________ n.&vt. 营救；救援11. __________ vt. 损害；破坏n.损坏；损失12. __________ vt. 摧毁；毁灭13. __________ vt. 疏散；撤出vi. 撤离14. __________ n. 直升机15. __________ n. 死；死亡16. __________ vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动17__________ n.避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽vi. 躲避（风、雨或危险）18. __________ n.裂纹；裂缝vi. &vt. (使）破裂19. __________ 似乎；好像；仿佛20. __________ n. &vt. 破坏；毁坏__________严重受损；破败不堪21. __________ n. 百分之….22. __________ n. 砖；砖块23. __________ n. 金属24. __________ n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt (使）震惊25. __________ n.电；电能26. __________ vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套n. 险境；陷阱27. __________ vt. 埋葬；安葬28. __________ vi.&vt.呼吸29. __________ vt.& vi复活；（使）苏醒30. __________ n. 振兴；复苏31. __________ n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力32. __________ vi.&vt. 统一；（使）成一体33. __________ n. 智慧；才智34. __________ n. 上下文；语境；背景35. __________ vt. 遭受；蒙受vi.受苦__________因……而痛苦；患有（疾病等）36. __________ n. 火山37. __________ vi.&vt. ( 火山）爆发；喷出38. __________ n.供应（量）；补给；[pl.] 补给品vt. 供应；供给39. __________ n.台风40. __________ 露天；在户外41. __________ n . ( 尤指大西洋的）飓风42. __________ vt. 幸存；艰难度过vi.生存；存活43. __________ n.电力供应；力量；控制力44. __________ vi.&vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲45. __________ n.管子；管道46. __________ vi.吹口哨；发出笛声vt.吹口哨n. 哨子（声）；呼啸声47. __________ n. 突发事件；紧急情况48. __________ adj.镇静的；沉着的vt. 使平静；使镇静48. __________ n.援助；帮助；救援物资vi.&vt.帮助；援助49. __________ n. 成套工具；成套设备__________ 急救箱50. __________现有（尤指帮助）51. __________ vi.&vt. 碰撞；撞击n. 撞车；碰撞52. __________ vt.&vi. ( swept,swept) 打扫；清扫__________消灭；彻底消除53. __________ n.海浪；波浪vi.&vt. 挥手；招手54. __________ vi.&vt.侵袭；突击；击打n. 罢工；罢课；袭击55. __________ vt.& vi.递送；传达vt. 发表56. __________ n. 总结；概括；概要57. __________ n.影响；结果；效果58. __________ n.长；长度。

Unit 4 Earthquakes【重点词汇】1 ruinn．毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；(不可数名词)废墟；遗迹(常用复数vt．&vi．(使)毁坏；毁灭；成为废墟；使破产①The castle has fallen into rain．那城堡已破败不堪。

②An earthquake left the whole town in ruins．那次地震过后，全城到处是残垣断壁。

‘③It poured with rain and my dress got/was mined．大雨倾盆，我的连衣裙已淋得不成样子了。

归纳拓展fall into ruin崩塌come/go to ruin毁灭，崩溃lie in ruins成为废墟the ruins of Yuanmingyuan圆明园遗迹bring sb.to ruin使某人破产ruin one’s hopes使某人希望破灭ruin oneself自取灭亡ruin one’s health/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉辨析活用damage/destroy/ruin/spoil这四个词都有“损坏，破坏”之意，具体区别如下：(1)ruin指彻底摧毁一件事物，特别是摧毁美好、珍贵的事物，并使其无法修复，其主语多为天灾人祸等无形的力量。

有时可用于借喻中，泛指一般的“弄坏了”。

He has ruined his health through drinking.他饮酒过度，把身体搞坏了。

(2)damage指“损坏”，表示不彻底的破坏，一般是部分性的，只是使其不能发挥正常作用，意味损坏后价值或效率降低，宾语一般是物。

I damaged my shoes in football practice today.今天练习踢足球时我把鞋弄坏了。

(3)destroy指十分彻底的“破坏”，常含有不能或很难修复的意思，也可以用作比喻意义，指希望、梦想等的破灭；主语可以是人，也可以是物；后接人或物都可以。

劝君莫惜金缕衣，劝君惜取少年时！！！Unit4 Natural Disasters 自然灾害本单元以“自然灾害”的话题，从听，说，读，写，句法结构等方面预习此单元。

MATEBOOK 132020/10/4Unit 4 Natural Disasters 第一部分：必备词汇和短语（key words and phrases）：基础词汇：1.Tornado n. 龙卷风；旋风ndslide n. 崩塌；滑坡3.Tsunami n. 海啸4.Magnitude n.震级，重大5.Crack n.&v. 裂开，裂缝6.Percent n. 百分比7.Brick n. 砖8.Trap v. 使落入陷阱9.Drought n.干旱10.Slide vt. 滑坡11.Wave n.波浪，风浪12.Volcano n. 火山13.Typhoon n. 台风14.Hurricane n. 飓风15.Tap v.轻叩轻敲16.Pipe n. 管道17.Whistle v.吹口哨18.Kit n.成套设备19.Crash v.撞词汇派生拓展：1.Disaster n. 灾难-----disastrous adj.-灾难的-----disastrously adv.灾难地2.Flood n. 洪水-----flooding n.涝灾-----flooded adj. 发洪水的3.Rescue n.救援----rescuer n. 救援者4.Destroy v.破坏---destroyer n破坏者---destruction n.破坏----destructive adj 破坏性的5.evacuate vt.使疏散-----evacuation n 疏散，撤离6.death n.死-----die v. 死-------dead adj.------死的，没有生命的7.affect v. 影响-----affected adj. 有影响的------affection n.影响8.shelter n.庇护所-----sheltered adj. 有庇护的9.ruin v. 毁坏-----ruined adj.毁灭的10.metal n.-金属----metallic adj. 金属的11.shock n. V.震惊，惊讶—shocked 震惊的----shocking 令人震惊的12.electricity 电---electric 电的----electrical 电子的13.bury vt 埋葬-----burial n 埋葬14.breathe v呼吸.----breath n,呼吸-----breathless adj.上气不接下气的15.revive v 恢复------revival n.恢复16.effort n.努力-----effortless adj 毫不费力的17.wisdom n.智慧---wise adj. 明智的---wisely adv. 明智地18.Context n.上下文----contextual adj.练习上下文的19.Suffer v 遭受----sufferer n.遭受者------suffering n. 遭受20.Erupt v.爆发----eruption n. 爆发21.Supply v.供应---supplier n.—供应商22.Survive v.幸存—survivor n. 幸存者---survival n.幸存23.Power n.权利----powerful adj. 有权利的24.Emergency n.紧急---emergent adj. 紧急的-----emergence n.急诊25.Effect n.影响----effective adj. 有影响力的---ineffective 无影响力的26.Length n.长度----lengthen v,加长27.Deliver v.运输，输送----delivery n. 运输28.Strike v.罢工，袭击---striker n.----罢工者.短语积累：1.At least 至少2.Set up 建立e out of 出来4.As usual 像往常一样5.As if 似乎好像e to an end 结束7.Cut across 打断，径直穿过8.In ruins 严重受损9.Nothing but 只不过，除了10.Blow away 吹走11.In shock 震惊吃惊12.Fall down 倒下13.Dig out 挖掘14.Get up on one’s feet 重新站起来15.In times of 在的时刻，在时期16.Suffer from 遭受17.Go through 经历，讨论18.Volunteer to do sth. 自愿做什么事19.Wake up 叫醒20.Put up 张贴21.In the open air 在户外22.Stay calm 保持冷静23.Stay away from 远离24.Make sure 确信，确保25.First aid kit 一套急救设备26.In danger 处在危险处境27.On hand 在手边28.Crash into 冲撞29.Sweep away 消灭，彻底消除30.The number of 的数量31.Be expect to do 被期待做32.Write down 写下第二部分: 听力素养（listening skills）听说词汇：1. A strong earthquake 一场大地震2.Fall down 倒下3.Help the survivors 帮助幸存者4.Homes and land 家园和土地5.Be trapped in 陷入，被困于6.Rescue from 从… 中救援出来7.Volunteers and rescue workers 志愿者和救援人员8.Day and night 日夜9.Make sure 确信10.Caused by 由… 造成11.In the landslide 在滑坡中12.Lose one’s life 失去生命13.Get away from 避免听说句式;1. A strong earthquake hit Ecuador yesterday.昨天厄尔多瓜发生了一场大地震。

2019人教版高一英语新教材必修一词汇表(含教材例句及词汇用法讲解)本词汇表主要特色：1.呈现教材原文例句，重视词汇在语境中的运用。

2.词汇用法讲解紧扣新课标和新考纲，深度和广度适中，条理清晰，系统完整。

3.精选高考真题例句、词典例句和时文例句，例句具有典型性和示范性。

4.展示高考真题，揭示高考命题角度和思路。

5.适合高一学生同步使用以及高三学生总复习使用。

Book 1Unit 41.disaster / di'z a:sts(r) / n.灾难；灾害natural disasters 自然灾害 (P47)an air disaster 空难It was the second air disaster in less than two months.这是不到两个月内的第二次空难了。

Thousands of people died in the disaster.数千人在这场灾难中丧生。

2. tornado /t3：'neidsu / n.(pl. -oes or -os) 龙卷风；旋风The tornado killed dozens of lives.那场龙卷风夺去了几十条人命.3.drought / draut / n.旱灾；久旱The ground is as hard as stone after the drought.长期干旱后土地硬得就像石头一样。

1.1andslide / 'l出ndslaid / n. ( landfall)(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡The village was destroyed by a landslide.滑坡摧毁了村庄。

The heavy rain caused the landslide.大雨引起山体滑坡。

5.slide / slaid / vi. & vt. （slid, slid ）（使）滑行；滑动We slid on the ice.我们在冰上滑行。

Unit 4 Earthquakes Word usage 1. shake 1)v. (shook, shaken) to (cause to) move up and down or from side to side with quick short movements. 2) n. [C usually sing.] an act of shaking The house shook when the earthquake started. Shake the bottle before taking the medicine. He came forward and shook me by the hand. =He came forward and shook hands with me. He was shaking with anger. She answered “no” with a shake of the head. 2. rise 1) vi. (rose, risen) to move from a lower to a higher level or position; go up 2) n. [C (in)] an increase in quantity, price, demand etc. The sun has not yet risen. The population of the city has risen to five million. He rose and left the room. There will be a rise in unemployment next year. There’s been a sharp rise in the cost of living. 2. pond n. an area of still water smaller than a lake, especially one that has been artificially made Some cattle were drinking at the pond. There are some fish living in the pond. When an earthquake is coming, fish will jump out of ponds. 3. burst 1) v. to (cause to ) break open or break apart suddenly and violently, usually as a result of pressure from within and often cause the contents to become widely scattered. 2) n. an act of result of bursting; (of) a sudden short period of great activity, loud noise, strong feeling; outbreak The balloon burst. After ten days of rain the river burst its banks. A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the song. 4. canal n. an artificial stretch of water dug in the ground to allow ships or boats to travel along it, or to bring water to or remove water from an area Coal used to be sent here by canal. Canals have been built to irrigate the desert. The Panama Canal joins two oceans. 5. steam n. [U] 1) water in the state gas produced by boiling 2) power or effort produced by steam under pressure, and used for making things work or move Who invented the steam engine? Steam was used to be the power of a train. There is steam bursting from that hole. 6. ruin 1. n. a) [U] the cause or state of destruction and decay b) [C] a building that has been badly damaged or destroyed 2. vt. a) to spoil or completely destroy a person or thing b) to cause someone to loss all their money The temple has fallen into ruin. We visited the ruins of the temple. The heavy rain ruined our holiday. The hurricane ruined all the houses here. The flood ruined the crops. If I lose my lawsuit(官司), the cost will ruin me. 7. injure vt. to cause physical harm to (a person or animal), especially in an accident; hurt seriously; to damage I hope I didn't injure her feelings. His back was injured. Two people were killed and seven were injured. His reputation will be badly injured by the vicious rumour. 8. destroy vt. to damage sth so severely that it can not be repaired; put an end to the existence of; ruin A fire destroyed the house. What he said destroyed our last hope. All hopes of peaceful settlement were destroyed by his speech. 9. brick n. [C,U] 1) a hard piece of baked clay used for building 2) sth. in the shape of a brick They used yellow bricks to build the house. The tower is made of bricks. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. 10. useless adj. not of any use This knife is so blunt. It’s useless. I realized it was useless to reason with him. I was useless at maths. = My maths is very poor. 11. shock 1) n. a) [C, U] a violent force from sth such as explosion, a crash or a hard blow b) [C, U] the feeling you get after sth unexpected and usually very unpleasant has suddenly happened, or you have received an unexpected piece of news c) the poor medical condition of someone who has an accident and whose heart and lungs are not working properly 2) v. to make someone feel very upset, angry, or unpleasant Earthquake shocks are often felt in Japan. The news of his death was a shock to us. The traffic accident sent him into a state of shock. They were shocked by her rudeness. We were shocked by his sudden death. 12. rescue v. to save someone or sth from harm or danger He rescued three children from the burning building. The life boat was sent out to rescue the sailors from the sinking ship. The boy was rescued after hours at sea. 13. disaster n. [C,U] a sudden event causes great loss or harm We were all shocked by the disaster. The earthquake is one of the worst natural disasters the country has ever suffered. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. 14. organize v. to plan and arrange an event; to arrange things in a sensible order We'll organize an oral English contest. The story is very well organized. They organized the truckers into a union. 15. shelter 1) n. a) [U] protection, especially from bad weather or danger b) a building that protects you from weather or danger. 2) vt. to protect someone or sth from bad weather or danger; vi. to stay in a place in order to be protected from bad weather or danger The umbrella is a poor shelter from heavy rain. Their immediate need is for food, clothing and shelter. The wall sheltered us from the wind. She was accused of sheltering a murderer. She wad sheltered by the USA. In the rain people were sheltering in the doorways of shops. 16. fresh adj. 1) new and different (only before a noun ); 2) recently picked, caught, produced and therefore in good condition (used of food); 3) clean, cool and pleasant They buy fresh meat. This kind of fish lives in fresh water. She is fresh from university. She is quite fresh to office work. 17. percent n. parts for each 100 The bank has increased its interest rate by one percent. Over ninety percent of the islanders here are illiterate. He spends a large percent of his income on food and drink. 18. speech n. 1) [C] a formal talk to a group of listeners 2) [U] the ability to speak or the act of speaking 3) [U] way of speaking The chairman made an opening speech. She is researching speech development in children. We express our thoughts by speech. By your speech I can tell you're from Hong Kong. 19. judge 1) vi. & vt. to decide who or what is the winner in a competition 2) [vt. + that] to form or give an opinion about someone or sth after careful thought judging from, judging by… 3) n. a public official who has the power to decide questions brought before a court of law; a person who has the knowledge and experience to give an opinion about the value of sth You can't judge a book by its cover. He is going to judge the first race. We must judge whether he is guilty. The prisoner was taken before the judge. He was one of the judges at the horse race. 20. honour 1) n. a) [U] great respect and admiration b) [sing] sth that brings great respect and pride 2) v. to show respect to sb. or to praise sb. publicly We fight for the honor of our country. He is an honor to our school. Children should be taught to show honor to their elders. He honors his teachers. 20. prepare 1) vt. to make sth. ready for a future event or action 2) vi. to get ready to do sth. They prepared themselves for the worst. When we arrived home, mother had already prepared dinner for us. I was preparing for bed when I heard a knock at the door. Useful expressions 1. right away at once ; in no time; immediately I will return the book right away. I am getting in touch with him right away. We are about to start right away. 2. end 1) at an end finish; over It seems that the world was at en end. 2) bring… to an end =put an end to… I wonder how I can bring the dispute to an end. =I wonder how I can put an end to the dispute. 3) come to an end The meeting came to an end at midnight. 4) at the end of… At the end of the road there is a shop. 5) by the end of… How many English words have you learned by the end of last term? 6) in the end =at last; finally He will be a scientist in the end. 3. dig out 1) to get sth out of a place, using a spade or your hands 2) to find sth you have not seen for a long time, or that is not easy to find Let’s dig out the roots. Why did you dig out all those old magazines? We must dig the truth out of him. 1. a (good \ great \ large) number of+ n.(pl.) many; a large quantity of; a lot of A good number of students are not interested in modern art. I’ve seen the film a number of times. The Great Wall attracts a great number of forei g n t o u r i s t s e v e r y d a y . b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 6 " > 0 0 t h e n u m b e r o f & b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 7 " > 0 0 T h e n u m b e r o f p r i v a t e c o l l e g e s h a s i n c r e a s e d . b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 8 " > 0 0 = P r i v a t e c o l l e g e s h a v e i n c r e a s e d i n n u m b e r . b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 9 " > 0 0 5 . 0 g i v e o u t b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 0 " > 0 0 1 ) t o g i v e s t h t o a n u m b e r o f d i f f e r e n t p e o p l e , e s p e c i a l l y t o g i v e i n f o r m a t i o n t o pe o p l e b r b d sf i d = " 2 1 1 " > 0 0 2 ) t o p r o d u c e l igh t , h e a t , a s o u n d , a g a s , s m e l l e t c b r b d s fi d = " 2 12 " > 0 0 Y o u h a v e n o r i g h t t o g i v e m y t e l e p h o n e n u m b e r o u t . b r b d s f i d = " 2 13 " > 0 0 S t u d e n t s w e r e g i v i n g o u t l e a f l e t s ( O US ) t o e v e r y o n e o n t h e s t r e e t . b r b d s f i d = " 2 14 " > 0 0 T h e t e a c h e r g a v e o u t t h e e x a m i n a t i o n p a p e r s .。

必修一Unit 4重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型练习(知识点全覆盖)重点单词变形1．death n．死；死亡→adj.死的→adj.致命的→v．死亡2．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→n．效果；影响→adj.有效的→n．喜欢；喜爱；感情3．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊→adj.令人震惊的→adj.感到震惊的4．electricity n．电；电能→adj.电的；用电的→adj.电子的5．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→n．呼吸→adj.气喘吁吁的6．wisdom n．智慧；才智→adj.明智的→adj.不明智的7．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→n．受难；苦楚8．erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→n．喷发9．survive vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过→n．幸存；生还→n．幸存者；生还者10．emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况→adj.紧急的→vi.浮现；出现11．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达vt.发表→n．投递；送交12．length n．长；长度→ adj.长的→ v．(使)变长重点词组1．volcanic eruption2．as if3．in ruins4．in shock5．in the open air6．first aid kit7．on hand8．sweep away一、用单词的适当形式完成句子1．________ (suffer) defeat after defeat, he began to lose confidence in himself.2．Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, _______(survive) entirely on discarded (丢弃) food.3．I like getting up early in the morning. You know the morning air is so good to__________(breath). 4．These old people have experienced all kinds of__________(suffer) in their difficult times．.5．It rained for two weeks on end, completely__________(ruin) our holiday．6．The ___________ (injure) were sent to the nearest hospital right away after the accident.7．The big fire caused great damage ___________ the building built last year.8．__________(trap) in the ruins, the girl still held a positive attitude．9．The children had great fun _____(slide) down the grassy slope last Sunday.10．The dustman _____(sweep) up all the fallen leaves on this street yesterday.11．Thousands of soldiers and rescue workers were sent there to search for the _____(survive). 12．Michael’s new house is like a huge palace，__________ (compare) with his old one.13．To avoid(避免) knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercise to __________ (strengthen) your leg muscles.14．China's development creates opportunities rather __________ challenges.15．If he couldn't find his way out of the forest, there would be little chance of ________ (survive).16．Do you want to get this book ________ (deliver) to your house or would you prefer to come to the shop for it yourself?17．Death finally brought an end to his _________ (suffer)．18．The_____ (long) of the article should be about 800 words.19．The ________ team made countless (无数的) ________ during the earthquake.(rescue)20．It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber ________ (rescue).21．The air was so cold that we could hardly________ (breath).22．One-third of the country ________ (be) covered by trees.23．The most important thing is to keep ________ (calm) whatever happens.24．Do you still suffer________ a headache?25．People were ________to know that the little girl was killed in an accident. The ________ news ________ all the people around, which was also a ________to her father who was working abroad.(shock)26．Jazz is enjoying a ________ (revive).27．Our government has taken ________ (effect) measures to ban drunken driving.28．A wonderful idea ________ (strike) me suddenly when I was walking on the street.29．The cleaner was sweeping ________ fallen leaves on the ground when suddenly a car was driven towards him.30．We moved into a cabin with________ (electric) but no running water.31．I gave up ______ (go) to the theatre when I moved out of London.32．Have you read the book ______ was written by Anne Frank?33．What left the town in ______（ruin）?34．In the past three weeks, we have been burying ______(we) in study because the exam is drawing near. 35．The school________we visited yesterday is newly built.二、根据汉语意思填写单词36．He became the manager of the farm after his father’s ________ (死亡).37．More than seven million people have been ________（影响）by the earthquake.38．The strike had already led to cuts in ________（电力）and water supplies in many areas.39．Nearpod is a software program that creates a rich_________ (情境) for students to learn vocabulary. 40．This is one of the worst natural ____________(灾难) in the area.41．With the help of her teacher and through her own ____________(努力), Helen graduated from university. 42．Firemen were called out to ____________(营救) a man trapped in the building.43．The people in the earthquake area are in need of food, medicine and ____________ (避难处).44．Her beauty ____________ (打动) him deeply and he decided to date her.45．With the government’s aid, those people ______ (影响) by the earthquake have moved to the new houses. 46．If you decide to ________(发表) a speech, please make it brief.47．If people keep polluting the ocean, no creature will________(存活) in the long run.48．Although it is impossible to predict that a volcano will __________ (爆发) at some minute, it is possible in some period.49．It is possible to see the path of a(n) __________ (飓风) in the satellite pictures.50．You can adjust the _________ (长度) of time that the light remains on.三、完成句子51．我从来没有想到你能成功说服他改变主意。

Unit 4 Earthquakes【重点词汇】1 ruinn．毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；(不可数名词)废墟；遗迹(常用复数vt．&vi．(使)毁坏；毁灭；成为废墟；使破产①The castle has fallen into rain．那城堡已破败不堪。

②An earthquake left the whole town in ruins．那次地震过后，全城到处是残垣断壁。

‘③It poured with rain and my dress got/was mined．大雨倾盆，我的连衣裙已淋得不成样子了。

归纳拓展fall into ruin崩塌come/go to ruin毁灭，崩溃lie in ruins成为废墟the ruins of Yuanmingyuan圆明园遗迹bring sb.to ruin使某人破产ruin one’s hopes使某人希望破灭ruin oneself自取灭亡ruin one’s health/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉辨析活用damage/destroy/ruin/spoil这三个词都有“损坏，破坏”之意，具体区别如下：(1)ruin指彻底摧毁一件事物，特别是摧毁美好、珍贵的事物，并使其无法修复，其主语多为天灾人祸等无形的力量。

有时可用于借喻中，泛指一般的“弄坏了”。

He has ruined his health through drinking.他饮酒过度，把身体搞坏了。

(2)damage指“损坏”，表示不彻底的破坏，一般是部分性的，只是使其不能发挥正常作用，意味损坏后价值或效率降低，宾语一般是物。

I damaged my shoes in football practice today.今天练习踢足球时我把鞋弄坏了。

(3)destroy指十分彻底的“破坏”，常含有不能或很难修复的意思，也可以用作比喻意义，指希望、梦想等的破灭；主语可以是人，也可以是物；后接人或物都可以。

高一英语必修一单词：Unit4 Unit 4earthquake 地震right away 立即;马上well 井smelly adj.发臭的;有臭味的crack n.裂缝;噼啪声 vt.裂开farmyard n.农场;农家pipe n.管;导管burst vi.爆裂;爆发 n.突然裂开;爆发million 百万event 事件;大事as if 仿佛;好像at an end 结束;终结nation 民族;国家国民canal 运河;水道steam 蒸汽;水汽dirt 污垢;泥土ruin n.废墟;毁灭 vt.毁灭;使破产in ruins 严重受损;破败不堪suffering 苦难;苦痛extreme 极度的injure 损害;损害survivor 幸存者;生还者;残存物 destroy 破坏;毁坏;消灭brick 砖;砖块dam 水坝;堰堤track 轨道;脚印;痕迹useless 无用的;无效的;无益的 shock vt.震动 n.休克;打击;震惊 rescue n.营救trap vt.陷入逆境 n.陷阱;逆境 electricity 电，电流;电学disaster 灾难;灾祸dig out 掘出;发觉bury 掩埋;掩埋;隐藏mine 矿;矿山;矿井miner 矿工shelter 掩蔽;掩蔽处避身处a(great)number of 很多;大量的 title 标题;头衔;资格reporter 记者bar n.条;棒;条状物damage n.损害frighten 使惊吓;恐吓frightened 受惊的;受恐吓的frightening 令人恐俱的congratulation 庆贺;(复数)贺词judge n.裁判员;法官 vt.断定;推断;判决 sincerely 真诚地;真挚地express vt.表示;表达 n.快车;速递outline 要点;大纲;轮廓headline 报刊的大字标题cyclist n.骑自行车的人。