noun clauses

名词性从句(Noun Clauses）在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。

名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一、引导名词性从句的连接词分类引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连词（5个）：that（宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词（9个）：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever连接副词（7个）：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。

That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。

但在下列情况下，只可用whether：1. whether引导主语从句并在句首2. 引导表语从句3. whether从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有"or not"5. 引导同位语从句Whether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。

It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.二. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。

A. that B. which
C. what
days. A. which C. that A. thought that C. is thought that
D. how
2.It is good news ______ they will arrive in a few B. what D. how B. thinks that D. is thought that
3.It ______ Joe drives badly.
4.It ______ he is late for class. A. may that B. might that C. may be that D. might be what
5.This is ______ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what 6.The question is ______ we can’t go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when
• 4. whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用，而if 则 不能，如： • I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry. • She hasn’t decided whether to go or not. • 5.引导同位语从句用whether，不用if，如： • The question whether he’ll attend the meeting is essential.
• 同位语从句的连词一般有that和whether.在 某些连词后面有时亦可用连接副词 how,when,where,why等.
同位语和定语从句定语从句的区别

It’s a pity that we can’t see the film.
宾语从句
1.They know _th_a_t__ the habit will kill
them.
2.I don’t know _w_h_a_t ___ they are
talking about.
3.It all depends on __w_h_e_th_e_r they
1. I don’t think __(_th_a_t_)_ she is coming. 2. It is a pity __t_h_a_t__ he has made such a mistake. 3. The reason is ___th_a_t__ he is careless. 4. The news __t_h_a_t__ our team won the match inspired us. 5. I don’t think it necessary _t_h_a_t_ you should read English aloud. 6. He told me _(_th_a_t_)_ his father had died and _t_h_a_t_ he had to make a living alone.
1. I have no idea _w__h_e_re__ he comes from. 2. He can’t answer the question _h_o_w__ he got the money. 3. He gave us many suggestions __th_a_t___ we should get up earlier and take more exercise. 4. I have no doubt __th_a_t__ he will win. 5. I have some doubt _w_h__et_h_e_r_ he will win.

None Clauses在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。

名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether, if 不充当从句的任何成分连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词：when, where, how, why一主语从句Subject clause主语从句在句中作主语，它的位置与陈述句基本结构中的主语相同，引导主语从句的词有：1）连词that (无词义)，whether (是否)例如：Whether the 11th sports meeting will be held in our city has not been decided. Tips:已经确定的事情that引导，没有确定的whether引导2）连接代词：what; who; which; whose;whoever; whatever; whicheverE.g. What he is has nothing to do with you 谁去参加这次能源大会并不重要Who will go to the energy conference is not importantWhatever she wants is fine with me3）连接副词when, where, wherever, why, how, 以及与how 组成的短语how long,how often, how soon, how far, howmany, how much等How we can protect the grain from damp needs to be discussed.他去哪都与我无关Wherever he goes has nothing to do with me.Attention:1)很多主语从句都可以用在it作形式主语的句子中It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭It is necessary that…有必要……It is important that…重要的是……It is obvious that…很明显……b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句It is believed that…人们相信……It is known to all that…众所周知……It has been decided that…已决定……c. It + be +名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge that………是常识It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是……It is a fact that…事实是……d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句It appears t hat…似乎……It happens that…碰巧……It occurred to me that…我突然想起……2)连接代词和连接副词引导的主语从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来的，要用陈述语序E.g. What the weather will be like for the next three days is of great importance. How much we can spend must be agreed on.whether 引导主语从句时，不能用if 替换宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同，宾语从句可以作为谓语动词的宾语，也可作为介词和非限定动词（动词不定式，动名词，分词）和某些形容词的宾语。