英语句子成分讲宾语从句讲解
- 格式:doc
- 大小:86.51 KB
- 文档页数:12
英语语法—从句—宾语从句用法英语语法—从句—宾语从句用法英语语法—从句—宾语从句1.在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。
宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语,作短语动词的宾语,介词的宾语。
2.宾语从句:短语动词Please go and find out when the train will arrive. 请去弄清楚火车什么时候到。
His teacher pointed out that Tom hadn't studied hard enough.老师指出汤姆学习不够努力。
That depends on how you do it. 那得看你怎么做的。
3.宾语从句:及物动词Everybody knows that money doesn't grow on trees. 谁都知道钱不是长在树上。
Have you decided where you will go for a holiday? 你有没有决定到什么地方去度假?4.宾语从句:介词的宾语I am curious as to what they are going to do next.我对他们下一步打算做什么很感兴趣。
The twin sisters differ only in that one is a bit fatter than the other one.这对双胞胎姐妹的区别,仅仅在于其中一个比另一个稍胖一点。
I am interested in what she is doing. 我对她做的事感兴趣。
5.宾语从句:否定的转移有些表示思想和感情的动词之后的宾语从句中的否定式可以注意到这些动词之前。
I don't suppose you're used to this diet. = I suppose youaren't used to this diet.我想你不习惯这种饮食。
九年级宾语从句讲解及练习宾语从句是英语复合句中非常重要的一种从句,用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语。
它可以做介词或及物动词的宾语。
下面从三个方面总结归纳宾语从句。
一、引导词A.由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如say。
think。
wish。
hope。
see。
believe。
agree。
expect。
hear。
XXX等动词后。
that只起连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略,但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好,特别是在笔语中。
例如:I told him that he was wrong.在think。
believe。
suppose。
expect等动词引起的宾语从句中,有时谓语尽管是否定意义,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。
例如:I don’t think you are right。
(我认为你做的不对)在许多带有复合宾语的句子中,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面,而用it做形式宾语。
例如:We think it wrong that he told a lie to XXX(我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)B.由连词if、whether引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。
XXX和if可以替换。
例如:I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow。
The teacher asked if/whether we had finished XXX.注意:1.在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导。
例如:Everything depends on whether we have XXX.2.宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导。
例如:I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.3.和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导。
例如:Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.C.由wh-引导的宾语从句。
初中英语基本语法句子的成分:主语谓语宾语表语宾补(宾语补足语)状语定语同位语主语:一般在句子的开头例如:He is a teacher.谓语:即是句子的动词例如:What are you doing now宾语:动词后的名词或非谓语短语例如:He likes eating apples.表语:系动词后的名词或短语例如:He is a teacher.同位语:放在名词后,与前面的名词具有同等地位,叫同位语。
例如:This helps us students much.. students 作的是us 的同位语注意:要区分好宾语和表语——1)宾语在实意动词(有实在意义的词)之后;而表语在系动词之后:系动词有:一是:be (am is are was were)一觉:feel二好像:appear seem三保持:keep stay remain起来四个:taste(尝起来) smell(闻起来) sound(听起来) look(看起来)变五个:get grow turn become go系动词以外的词,除特殊讲解外的均为实意动词注:除了“一是”以外的词均可作实意动词2)非谓语:即不是谓语。
分为不定式动名词过去分词(详情参见不规则动词表)3)短语即是所说的词组宾补(作为了解):在英语中有些及物动词,接了宾语意义仍不完整,还需要有一个其他的句子成分,来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等例如: I heard Jean singing this morning.句子中的Jean显然是宾语。
但是主语I听到的并不是Jean,而是Jean singing。
singing 是句子中的宾语补足语。
它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,也就是说从逻辑上来讲,是Jean执行了singing的动作。
句子中的singing是现在分词做宾语补足语。
能够充当宾补的还有宾语补足语的大致有:不定式,现在分词,过去分词,形容词,副词,介宾短语等。
宾语从句专项讲解及练习(有答案)宾语从句一、基本概念定义:在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
二、宾语从句分类动词的宾语从句e.g.He asked whose handwriting was the best.介词的宾语从句e.g.It depends on whether it is going to rain.形容词的宾语从句,即系词+心理状态形容词+宾语e.g I am afraid that he can't finish the work.三、宾语从句用法详解1.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。
即主语+谓语的顺序。
如:I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?Please tell me when we’ll hav e the meeting.注意:在宾语从句中带有特殊疑问词但句序不变的句子:What’s the matter?What’s your trouble?What’s your problem?What’s up?What’s your name?典型例题1.Can you tell me ____?A .whom do we have to see B. whom we have to see2. The teacher asked the students ____.A. what they were doingB. what were they doing3. She wants to know____.A. where does he liveB. Where he lives4. Her father asked _____.A. who the tallest isB. who is the tallest5.Do you know ____?A. what is on the desk B . what on the desk is答案:BABBA2.宾语从句的时态1). 若主句时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。
句子成分及基本句型一、考点、热点回顾【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。
(一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
如:(1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语)(2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语)(3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语)(4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语)(5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语)(二)谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
如:His parents are teachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语)We study hard. (行为动词作谓语)We don’t finish reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)(三)宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
一般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语)She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语)We often help him.(代词作宾语)He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语)We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。
句子成分及基本句型一、考点、热点回顾【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。
(一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
如:(1)Lucyisabeautifulnurse.(名词作主语)(2)Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.(代词作主语)(3)Smokingisharmfultothehealth.(动名词作主语)(4)ToswiminKunmingLakeisagreatpleasure.(不定式作主语)(5)Whatweshoulddoisnotyetdecided.(主语从句作主语)(二)谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
如:Hisparentsareteachers.(系动词和表语一起作谓语)Westudyhard.(行为动词作谓语)Wedon’tfinishreadingthebook.(助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)HecanspeakEnglish.(情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)(三)宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
一般放在谓语之后。
Sheisdoingherhomeworknow.(名词作宾语)Shesays(that)sheisill.(宾语从句作动词宾语)Weoftenhelphim.(代词作宾语)Helikestoplaybasketball.(不定式作宾语)Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.我们喜欢听音乐。
(动名词短语作宾语)说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。
介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。
名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。
英语宾语从句(大完结)一、宾语从句的概念宾语从句:属于名词性从句,在句中作主句的宾语。
eg. We know Mr. Green teaches English.She asked if these answers were right.二、宾语从句6要素:引导词(连接词)、时态、语序人称、标志词、句未标点考点:直接引语变间接引语,即变宾语从句:直间变、变、变、变、变!(5变+1定)三、重难点掌握(一)引导词1.陈述句类型:由从属连词that引导注:that 在句中无词汇意义,在从句中不能充当成分,在口语当中往往省略eg.I hear (that) you passed the exam.He said (that) his father was a singer.The teacher told us (that) the sun rises in the east.2.一般疑问句类型:由从属连词whether, if 引导由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句if/ whether “是否”,说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。
常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 等后。
eg. I want to know whether/if he is right.I Ask him whether/if he likes meI wonder whether/if we can get there.Could you tell me whether/if that film is interesting ?◆只能用whether不能用if的情况1.在介词后面:I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing.We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow.2.在动词不定式前:They asked me whether to go skating.3.当与or not连用,或提出两种选择时:I don’t know whether he’s free or not.Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.Tell me whether you’d like to go shopping or tidy the room.4.宾语从句提前时:Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.3.特殊疑问句类型:由8个“WH”+1个HOW引导,即Who、whom、whose、which、what、where、why、when、how注:这些代词或副词连接主句和从句,并在从句中担任句子成分,具有一定的意义,不可省略。
关于英语里宾语从句的用法宾语从句,是名词性从句的一种。
在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。
同学们有没有掌握呢?如果有不懂的要抓紧哦。
接下来小编在这里给大家带来宾语从句的用法,我们一起来看看吧!宾语从句用法1概念假如一个句子作谓语动词的宾语的话,我们把这个宾语叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句的完整结构是“主句+引导词+从句”。
Eg: He said that he visit his teacher last year2引导词通常引导陈述句的引导词是“that”引导一般疑问句的引导词是“if”和“whether”引导特殊疑问句的引导词则是众多的特殊疑问代词或疑问副词, what who when 等。
Eg: He asked me if (whether) I was a teacher.直接引语变成宾语从句直接引语:直接引用别人说的话间接引语:转达别人说的话直接引语变成宾语从句,如果冒号,引号里是陈述句形式,要用“that”引导,同时从句中的人称,时态,指示代词,地点状语等都要发生相应的变化。
3人称的变化:遵循一主二宾三不变"一主"是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。
从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
如:She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go withher."二宾"是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。
或被第二人称所修饰。
从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
如果引号外的主句没有宾语。
也可以用第一人称。
如:He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then"三不变"是指直接引语变间接引语时。
句子成分及基本句型一、考点、热点回顾【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。
(一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
如:(1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语)(2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语)(3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语)(4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语)(5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语)(二)谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
如:His parents are teachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语)We study hard. (行为动词作谓语)We don’t finish reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)(三)宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
一般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语)She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语)We often help him.(代词作宾语)He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语)We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。
(动名词短语作宾语)说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。
介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。
名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。
另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。
说明2:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。
宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。
直接宾语是及物间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。
不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。
有的动词可以跟。
如:give, show(给……看),bring, pass, buy等。
如:(1)Our teacher tells us a story.(2)The sun gives us light.间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,在表示“人”间接宾语前加“to”的有:give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise(答应), refuse(拒绝)等。
间接宾语加“for”的有:make, buy, do, get, play, order(命令), sing, pay等(1)I give him a book. 改成:(2)He passes me the book.(他将书递给我。
)改成:(3)He writes me a letter. 改成:(4)He will buy me some books. 改成:(5)She is making me a cake. 改成:(四)宾语补足语在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分,称为宾语补足语。
名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。
宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。
如:They make her happy.(形容词)I see her dance.(不定式)We’ll help you to make the Olympics a success.(名词)Please let him in.(副词)We heard her singing a song.(分词短语)(五)表语表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。
它的位置在系动词后面。
如:I am a teacher.(名词)He is always happy.(形容词)They are on the playground now.(介词短语)It gets cold.(形容词)Be动词(am,is,are, was, were)系动词表保持(keep, stay, remain)表改变(get,become,turn)感官动词(feel,sound,seem/look(看起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来))如:It sounds interesting.(sound为系动词,interesting为表语)We should all remain careful. Remain(为系动词,careful为表语)(六)定语定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。
形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。
单个词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。
如:The black bike is mine.(形容词)What’s your name?(代词)(名词)说明1:nothing, anything, everything, something等时,定语在不定代词后面。
如:(形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语)(to do为不定式作后置定语)说明2作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。
(in the room是介词短语作the boys的后置定语。
)(七)状语修饰动词、形容词、副词。
一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。
状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。
如:He did it carefully.(副词)We often help him.(副词)Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.(介词短语)When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.(从句作时间状语)He sits there.(副词地点状语)【简单句的五种基本句型】A. 主语+不及物动词(主谓)如:The sun rises. 太阳升起来。
The car stopped. 小汽车停下来了。
(rise和stop都是不及物动词,因此后边不必加宾语。
)B. 主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾)如:I love my country. He helps me. I like action movies. I buy a book.C. 主语+系动词+表语(主系表)如:Her brother is a driver.We feel happy.(feel为系动词,表示感到……)It gets dark.天黑了。
(get为系动词,表示变得)Tom looks ill. Tom看上去病了。
(look为系动词,表示看上去,看起来)D. 主语+及物动词+双宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)(主谓+直宾+间宾)如:He gives Tom a present.(双宾语)他给汤姆一件礼物。
Mother make a new dress for me.(双宾语)妈妈为我做了一件衣服。
E. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾补)如:They call her Mary.(宾补)他们叫她Mary。
We make our classroom clean and tidy.(宾补)我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。
He always makes us laugh.(宾补)他总使我们笑。
二、典型例题,写出划线部分的句子成分。
1. Lily is cleaning the desk now.2. Her garden is the best in our town.3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old.4. I like this book very much.5. The girl on the blue bike is Jane’s sister.6. She didn’t come to my party because she was ill.7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully.8. We will go to the Children’s Palace once a week.9. They are in the classroom.10. It sounds good.11. His name is Paul.12. We always go to school early.三、课后练习(一) 挑出下列句中的宾语① My brother doesn't do his homework.A B C D② People all over the world speak English.A B C D③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A B C D④How many new words do you learn ?A B C D⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?A B C D(二) 挑出下列句中的表语① The old man is feeling very tired.A B C D②Why is he worried about Jim?A B C D③ The leaves have turned yellow.A B C D④Soon They all become interested in the subject.A B C D⑤She is the first to learn about it.A B C D(三) 挑出下列句中的定语① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.A B C D② What is your given name?A B C D③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.A B C D④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.A B C D⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.A B C D(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.A B C D②He asks her to take the boy out of school.A B C D③She find it difficult to do the work.A B C D④They call me Lily sometimes.A B C D⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.A B C D(五) 挑出下列句中的状语① There is a big smile on her face.A B C D② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.A B C D③He began to learn English when he was eleven.A B C D④ The man on the motorbike is travelling to fast.A B C D⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.A B C D初中英语语法宾语从句讲解及专项练习宾语从句小口诀:宾语从句三注意,时态语序引导词;主句一般现在时,从句不需受限制;主句一般过去时,从句须用相应时;陈述句转化that引,一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词,引导词后陈述式。