强烈推荐,有经典例句的被动语态的用法
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一、被动语态的用法:
1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。
He was elected chairman.他被选为主席。
2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后,不需要时可以省略。
The room hasn't been cleaned yet.房间还没有打扫。
The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。
3、当动作的执行者不是人时,多用被动语态。如:
The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。
The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。
4、表示客观的说明常用"It is + 过去分词."句型。
It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。
It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。
其它常见的"It is + 过去分词+ that"句型还有
It is reported that…据报道
It is said that…据说
It is believed that…大家相信
It is suggested that…有人建议
二、主动语态变为被动语态
1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤:
(1)将主动句的宾语变为主语:
注意:如果主动句的宾语是代词,需将其由宾格变为主格。如:
Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom.
(2)将动词改为"be+过去分词"。
注意:
They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday.
他们昨天开会了。
(3)将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。
注意:如果原主语是代词,则应由主格变为宾格。
He sang a song. → A song was sung by him.
2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项:
(1)主动句中的主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示"人们"、"大家"的单词,变为主动句时,通常删去"by…",但原主语被强调者除外。如:
They set up this hospital in 1975. → This hospital was set up in 1975.
这所医院建于1975年。
Only he can finish the job. → 只有他能完成这项工作。
The job can be finished only by him.这项工作只能由他来完成。
(2)含有双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子,每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语,即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。
Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。
We were told the truth by Jack.
The truth was told (to) us by Jack.
三、动词的主动形式表示被动之意
以主动形式表示被动之意的动词多为连系动词,如:look, feel, smell等。下列动词没有被动式:happen,cost,take,have
An accident was happened yesterday.(×)昨天发生了一起事故。
An accident happened yesterday.()
The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。
The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。
This book sells well.这本书畅销。
四、各种时态的被动语态举例(以动词do为例)
1.一般现在时(am/ is/ are +done)
English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。2.一般过去时(was/ were +done)
The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。
He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。
My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。
3.一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)
A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。
A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。
I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。4.现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done) The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时,机器正在被修理。
The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。
A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。
5.现在完成时(have/ has been + done)
Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止,已经种了二百棵树了。
The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。