临床药学英语考试英语精选

1．Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) is the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial

that will inhibit the visible growth of

a microorganism after overnight incubation. MIC is

generally regarded as the most basic laboratory measurement of the activity of an antimicrobial

agent against an organism.

最低抑菌浓度（MIC）：在体外培养细菌18-24h后能抑制培养基内细菌生长的最低药物浓度。

2. Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) is

the lowest concentration of antibiotic

required to kill an organism.

最低杀菌浓度（MBC）：在体外试验中，能够杀灭培养基内细菌的最低药物浓度。

3.

Pharmacokinetics: what the body does to the drug

Pharmacodynamics: what the drug does to the body

4.

5. First-pass metabolism

First-pass effect or First-pass elimination

A phenomenon of drug metabolism whereby the concentration of a drug is

greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic circulation.

某些药物首次通过肠壁或经门静脉进入肝脏时被其中的酶所代谢致使进入体循环的药量减少的一种现象

6.

Bioavailability

A measurement of the extent of a therapeutically active drug that reaches the

systemic circulation and is available at the site of action.

one of the principal pharmacokinetic properties of drugs

经任何给药途径给予一定剂量的药物后到达全身血液循环内药物的百分率

7.

Area under the concentration/time curve (AUC)

The most reliable measure of bioavailability.

Directly proportional to the total amount of unchanged drug that reaches

the systemic

circulation.

Calculating the relative efficiency of different drug products

血药浓度-时间曲线下面积：血药浓度随时间变化的积分值，与吸收后进入体循环的药量成正比，反映进入体循环药物的相对量

8.

9. Apparent volume of distribution (VD)

A pharmacological term used to quantify the distribution of a medication

throughout the body after oral or parenteral dosing

It is defined

as the volume in which the amount of drug would need to be

uniformly distributed to produce the observed blood concentration

A∕Co

当血浆和组织内药物分布达到平衡后，体内药物按此时的血浆药物浓度在体内分布时所需体液容积称表观分布容积

10. Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1)

The maximum volume of air that can be expired from the lungs in the first

second when starting from maximum inspiration

11. Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)

The maximum volume of air that a person can exhale after maximum inspiration

第1秒用力呼气量（FEV1）：尽力最大吸气后再尽力尽快呼气，在第1秒钟内呼出的气量。

用力肺活量（FVC）：尽力最大吸气后再尽力尽快呼气所能呼出的最大气量。

12. Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)

The maximum flow generated during expiration performed with maximal force

and started after a full inspiration

呼气流速峰值（PEF）: 也叫最大呼气流速，尽力最大吸气后再尽力尽快呼气所得到的最大呼气流速（L/min）。

13.Questions

Which is the most typical symptom in Asthma?

A) Chest tightness

B) Chest pain

C) Cough

D) Cough blood

E) Episodic breathlessness with wheezing

Which is not the reason of airway limitation?

A) Swollen of mucosa of airway

B) Hypersecretion of mucus

C) Inflammatory cells increased and immersed

D) Spasmed muscle wall

E) Destruction of Alveolar

14. Controllers are medications taken daily on a long-term basis to

keep

asthma under clinical control chiefly through their anti-inflammatory effects.

15. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many

cells and cellular elements play a role.

哮喘是由多种细胞和细胞组分参与的气道慢性炎症性疾患。

16. The chronic inflammation is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness that

leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and

coughing, particularly at night or in the early morning.

这种慢性炎症导致气道高反应性的增加，并引起反复发作性的喘息、气急、胸闷或咳嗽等症状，常在夜间和清晨发作。

These episodes are usually associated with widespread, but variable, airflow

obstruction within the lung that is often reversible either spontaneously or with

treatment.

这些发作通常出现广泛多变的可逆性气流受限，多数患者可自行缓解或经治疗缓解。

17.

Relievers are medications used on

an as-needed basis that act quickly to reverse bronchoconstriction and relieve its

symptoms.