科技类常用词汇和短语
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四级翻译常用词汇民俗文化类1、京剧Peking opera2、昆曲Kunqu opera3、秦腔Qin opera4、功夫Kungfo5、太极Tai Chi6、口技ventriloquism7、木偶戏puppet show8、皮影戏shadow play9、杂技acrobatics10、相声witty dialogue comedy11、刺绣embroidery12、苏绣Suzhou embroidery13、泥人clay figure14、书法calligraphy15、中国结Chinese knot16、中国画traditional Chinese painting17、水墨画Chinese brush painting18、山水landscape painting19、花鸟flower and bird20、草虫grass and insect21、毛笔writing brush22、书法calligraphic art23、书法家calligraphic artist24、楷体formal script/regular script高科技类1、网络世界cyber world2、网络犯罪cyber crime3、网上购物online shopping4、高科技园high-tech park5、工业园区industrial park6、电子货币e-currency7、人工智能artificial intelligence (AI)8、生物技术bio-technology9、基因工程genetic engineering10、转基因食品genetically modified food (GM food)11、三维电影three-dimensional movie12、信息化informationization13、电子商务e-business; e-commerce14、科技发展scientific and technological advancement15、重点项目key project教育就业类1、高等学府institution of higher education2、综合性大学comprehensive university3、高分低能high scores and low abilities4、高考(university/college) entrance examination5、教育界education circle6、教育投入input in education7、九年义务教育nine-year compulsory education8、考研take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools9、课外活动extracurricular activities10、学历record of formal schooling11、学分credit12、人才交流talent exchange13、人才战competition for talented people14、素质教育quality-oriented education15、填鸭式教学cramming method of teaching16、研究生graduate student; post-graduate (student)17、应届毕业生graduating student; current year's graduate18、校园文化campus culture19、学汉语热enthusiasm in learning Chinese20、应试教育exam-oriented education21、职业道德work ethics; professional ethics22、职业培训job training经济改革类1、快速发展旅游业fast development of tourism2、地区差异regional disparity3、跳槽job-hopping4、消费者consumers5、就业与失业employment and unemployment6、住房问题housing problems7、城市交通问题urban traffic problems8、小康社会a well-to-do society9、人民生活people's livelihood10、生活水平living standards11、生活质量quality of life12、住房条件housing conditions13、文化程度educational level14、就业率employment rate15、生活费用cost of living16、衣食住行food, clothing, sheltering and means of traveling17、购买力purchasing power18、贫困家庭the needy family19、贫困地区poverty-stricken region20、下岗be laid off21、小康relative affluence22、安居乐业live a good life23、城市人口urban population24、农业人口agriculture population25、出生率birth rate26、少数民族ethnic minorities/ minority peoples 真题常用表达1、享有更高声誉enjoy a higher reputation2、相比之下by contrast3、形成develop4、对……的影响the impact on/the influence on5、使……无法做prevent from6、涉及,提及refer to7、版本version8、超过surpass/exceed9、……的普及the popularity of10、自古以来since ancient times11、不可或缺的indispensible12、自我修养self-cultivation13、普遍的universal14、人生追求the pursuit of life15、国内外at home and abroad16、具有深远意义have profound meanings17、与……结合起来combine with18、心境state of mind19、身心physical and spiritual20、成形take shape21、闻名于世well-renowned22、采取……方针follow the policy of23、享有……美誉with the good reputation of。
科技词汇常用科技词汇一、物理学1. 功率power2. 稳定性stability3. 载荷load4. 概率probability5. 势能potential energy6. 动量momentum7. 电流current8. 直流电direct current9. 交流电alternating current10. 电压voltage11. 变压器transformer12. 静态的static13. 动态的dynamic14. 薄膜thin film15. 量子理论quantum theory 16. 黑洞black hole17. 参数parameter18. 变量variable19. 因子factor20. 乘法、繁殖multiply21. 光学optics22. 合金alloy23. 陶瓷ceramics24. 不对称asymmetry25. 摩擦friction26. 流体力学fluid mechanics27. 重力,地心引力gravity28. work 做功29. 辐射radiation30. 杠杆作用,杠杆效率leverage31. 声纳sonar32. 分贝decibel33. 漂白bleach34. 锅炉boiler35. 沸点boiling point36. 晶体管transistor37. 容量capacity38. 离心力centrifugal force39. 向心力centripetal force40. 电荷charge41. 带电粒子charged particle42. 公式formula43. 等式equation44. 净化器cleaner45. 系数coefficient46. 生化biochemistry47. 压缩compression48. 传导性conductivity 49. 导体conductor50. 常数constant51. 含量content52. 转化conversion53. 冷却器cooler54. 自动化automation55. 临界点critical point56. 晶化crystallize57. 纹理texture58. 电磁辐射electromagnetic radiation59. 中子neutron60. 统计学statistics61. 等离子plasma62. 奇点singularity63. 湿度humidity64. 频率frequency65. 频谱frequency spectrum66. 动力学dynamics67. 力学mechanics68. 重心center of gravity69. 撞击,冲击impact70. 电力系统power system71. 绝缘insulation72. 磁场magnetic field73. 放电discharge74. 断电,停电blackout75. 放射性的radioactive76. 分子molecule77. 金属metal78. 钙calcium79. 二氧化硫sulfur dioxide80. 氢弹H-bomb81. 原子atom82. 核nucleus 83. 暗物质dark matter84. 零点能zero energy85. 发动机motor86. 磁暴magnetic storm87. 超新星Supernova88. 相对论theory of relativity89. 大爆炸理论Big Bang Theory100. 光年light year 101. 紫外光UV (ultraviolet) radiation 102. 红外线infrared ray103. 可见光visible light104. 混沌chaos 105. 波长wavelength106. 电极electrode 107. 保险丝,熔丝fuse 108. 波谱,光谱spectrum109. 泵pump110. 属性property 111. 特征characteristic 112.负极negative pole.113. 正极positive pole二、数学1. 定理theorem2. 计算calculation3. 运算operation4. 假设hypothesis, hypotheses (pl.)5. 命题proposition6. 统计statistics7. 平均数average8. 加权平均数weighted average9. 方差variance10. 标准差standard deviation11. 比例propotion 12. 百分比percent13. 百分点percentage14. 百分位数percentile15. 排列permutation16. 组合combination17. 图表graph18. 条形统计图bar graph19. 柱形统计图histogram20. 曲线统计图curve diagram21. 扇形统计图pie diagram22. 常量constant23. 变量variable24. 算术arithmetic25. 和sum26. 差remainder27.乘times (prep.), multiply (v.),multiplication (n.)28. 乘数multiplicator29. 积product30. 商quotient31.等于equals, is equal to, is equivalent to32. 整数integer33. 偶数even numbers34. 奇数odd numbers35. 小数decimal 36. 小数点decimal point37. 分数fraction38. 分子numerator39. 分母denominator40. 比ratio41. 正positive42. 负negative43. 零null, zero, nought, nil44. 十进制decimal system45. 二进制binary system46. 十六进制hexadecimal system47. 四舍五入round48. 下舍入round down49. 上舍入round up50. 代数algebra51. 一次方程simpleequation52. 二次方程quadratic equation53. 对数logarithm54. 开方evolution, extraction55. 二次方根,平方根square root56. 三次方根,立方根cube root57. 逻辑logic58. 集合(集)set59. 映射mapping60. 元素element61. 子集subset62. 全集universe63. 交集intersection64. 并集union65. 逻辑logic66. 原命题original proposition67. 充分条件sufficient condition 68. 必要条件necessary condition 69. 充要条件sufficient and necessarycondition70. 函数function71. 自变量argument72. 定义域domain, field of definition73. 区间interval74. 对数logarithm75. 最大值maximum76. 最小值minimum77. 周期period78. 最小正周期minimal positive period79. 周期函数periodic function80. 常量constant81. 变量variable82. 周期性periodicity83. 微积分calculus84. 实数real number85. 虚数imaginary number86. 矩阵matrix87. 几何geometry88. 点point89. 线line90. 面plane91. 体solid92. 线段segment93. 射线radial94. 平行parallel95. 相交intersect96. 角angle97. 角度degree98. 锐角acute angle99. 直角right angle 100. 钝角obtuse angle101. 三角形triangle 102. 锐角三角形acute triangle103. 直角三角形right triangle104. 直角边leg 105. 斜边hypotenuse 106. 勾股定理Pythagorean theorem 107. 钝角三角形obtuse triangle108. 正弦定理sine theorem109. 余弦定理cosine theorem110. 矩形rectangle 111. 菱形diamond 112. 正方形square 113. 梯形trapezoid 114. 五边形pentagon 115. 六边形hexagon116. 多边形polygon 117. 圆circle118. 圆心centre(BrE), center(AmE)119. 半径radius 120. 直径diameter 121. 圆周率pi122. 弧arc123. 半圆semicircle 124. 扇形sector 125. 椭圆ellipse 126. 圆周circumference127. 周长perimeter 128 面积area129. 立方体cube 130. 多面体polyhedron131. 棱锥pyramid 132. 旋转rotation 133. 轴axis134. 圆锥cone 135. 圆柱cylinder 136. 球sphere137. 半球hemisphere 138. 表面积surface area139. 体积volume 140. 坐标系coordinates141. 坐标轴x-axis, y-axis, z-axis142. 横坐标x-coordinate143. 曲线curve 144. 正弦曲线sine curve145. 余弦曲线cosine curve146. 坐标法method of coordinate147. 解析几何analytic geometry 148. 标准方程standard equation 149. 一般方程general equation 150. 参数方程parameter equation 151. 参数parameter 152. 椭圆ellipse 153. 焦点focus, focal points三、化学1. 二氧化碳carbon dioxide2. 易燃的inflammable3. 可燃的combustible4. 化学仪器chemical apparatus5. 蒸馏distill6. 蒸馏水distilled water7. 催化剂catalyst8. 盐水brine9. 气泡bubble10. 比例ratio11. 酸acid12. 化学组成chemical composition13. 化合物chemical compound14. 化学元素chemical element15. 化学反应chemical reaction16. 化学药品chemicals17. 浓度concentration18. 试管test tube19. 过滤器filter20. 一氧化碳carbon monoxide21.吸附剂adsorbent22.吸附作用adsorption23. 活性炭activated carbon24. 分子molecule 25. 金属metal26. 钙calcium27. 二氧化硫sulfur dioxide四、航空航天1. 国际空间站ISS(InternationalSpace Station)2. 轨道orbit3. 人造卫星artificial satellite4. 载人航天manned space flight5. 航天器spacecraft6. 宇宙cosmos7. 太阳系solar system8. 彗星comet9. 八大行星:水星(Mercury)、金星(Venus)、地球(Earth)、火星(Mars)、木星(Jupiter)、土星(Saturn)、天王星(Uranus)、海王星(Neptune)10. 太空探测器space probe11. 航天飞机space shuttle12. 载人飞船manned spacecraft13. 无人飞船unmanned spacecraft 14. 外太空outer space15. 太空研究spaceexploration /space research16. 驾驶舱cockpit17. 发射装置launcher18. 推进器propeller19. 外星人alien20. 战斗机fighter21. 轰炸机bomber22. 机头nose23. 机翼wing, airfoil24. 飞机跑道airstrip25. 飞机引擎aeroengine26. 飞行技术wingmanship27. 嫦娥二号Chang'e-2 (moon probe)28. 神舟七号Shenzhou VII (spacecraft)29. 载人航天manned space flight30.多级火箭multistage rocket 31. 太空舱capsule32. 返回式卫星recoverable satellite 33. 通信卫星communication satellite34. 遥感卫星remote sensing satellite35. 运载火箭carrier rocket; rocket launcher36. 长征二号F运载火箭Long MarchII F carrier rocket 37. 气象卫星weathersatellite /meteorologicalsatellite38. 轨道舱orbital module39. 返回舱re-entry module40. 推进舱propelling module 41. 指令舱command module 42. 服务舱service module43. 登月舱lunar module44. 发射台launch pad45. 太阳能电池板solar panel46. 太空升降舱space elevator47. 哈勃太空望远镜Hubble SpaceTelescope48. 月球车lunar rover49. 银河系Milky Way50. 太空服space outfits(space suits) 51. 太空食物space food52. 着陆区landing area53. 主着陆场mainlanding field/primary landingsite54. 天线antenna55. 航天员astronaut56. 太空舱capsule57. 多级火箭multistage rocket 58. 第二级secondstage59. 第三级third stage60. 登月舱lunar module61. 着陆架landing pad62. 上升段ascent stage 63. 下降段descent stage64. 舱口hatch65. 扶梯ladder66. 生命维持系统life support system67. 大气输运airborne transport五、医药、生命科学、基因工程1. 干细胞stem cells2. 基因工程genetic engineering3. 克隆clone4. 转基因食品genetically modified foods (GM foods)5. 免疫系统immune system6. 获得性免疫缺陷综合征(艾滋病) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)7. 细菌bacteria8. 可卡因cocaine9. 抗体antibody10. 复制duplication 11. 基因gene12. 基因库gene pool13. 遗传病筛查genetic screening14. 遗传密码genetic code15. 人类基因组计划Human GenomeProject16. 继承的,遗传的inherited17. 白血病leukemia18. 糖尿病diabetes19. 肺结核tuberculosis (TB)20. 甲肝hepatitis A21. 乙肝hepatitis B22. 昏迷(状态)coma23. 歇斯底里hysteria24. 健忘症amnesia25. 失眠insomnia26. 针灸acupuncture27. 妄想症paranoia28. 大麻marijuana29. 吗啡morphine30. 鸦片opium 31. 整形手术plastic surgery32. 维生素,维他命vitamin33. 突变mutation34. 蛋白质protein35. 综合征syndrome36. 荷尔蒙,激素hormone37. 流产abortion38. 急性的acute39. 慢性的chronic40. 草药herbal medicine41. 血管blood vessel42. 牙齿校正orthodontics43. 注射injection44. 紧急救护first aid45. 眩晕的dizzy46. 热量calorie47. 抗生素antibiotics48. 超级病毒supergerm49. 毒素toxin50. 肿瘤tumor51. 外科surgery 52.内科internal medicine53. 神经系统nervous system六、机械1. 精度precision2. 误差error3. 弹性elasticity4. 可靠性reliability5. 齿轮gear6. 发电机generator7. 疲劳fatigue8. 阀门valve9. 老化速率aging rate10. 链chain11. 压碎机crusher12. 圆筒cylinder13. 刀片blade14. 三角尺set square15. 磁悬浮列车Magnetically Levitated Train16. 安全阀safety valve17. 自动化automation18. 缓冲器buffer19. 接头,连接点joint20. 管tube21. 安全帽helmet22. 油箱fuel tank23. 总开关main switch24. 螺丝刀,起子screw driver25. 软水管hose26. 工具包toolkit27. 校准calibrate 28. 金属板,钣金sheet metal七、计算机、通讯、电子1. 卫星定位系统Global PositioningSystem (GPS)2. 电缆cable3. 中央处理器central processing unit (CPU)4. 人工智能artificial intelligence5. 网际空间,虚拟空间cyberspace6. 数字图书馆Digital Library (DL)7. 通信卫星communicationsatellite (comsat)8. 博客blog9. 光纤通信Optical Fiber Communication 10. 蓝牙技术Bluetooth11. 技术要求technical requirements12. 垃圾邮件spam13. 高保真High Fidelity (Hi-Fi)14. 短信服务SMS:Short Message Service 15. 客户身份识别卡SIM卡:SubscriberIdentity Module 16. 数码摄像机DV:Digital Video17. 计算器calculator18. IC卡IC (integrated circuit) card19. 液晶Liquid Crystal20. 液晶显示器,液晶电视liquid crystaldisplay (LCD) 21. 遥感remote sensing22. 信息时代information era/age23. 二进制的binary24. 超文本hypertext25. 浏览器browser26. 鼠标mouse27. 智能系统intelligent system28. 黑客hacker29. 电子助听器electronic hearing aid 30. 网上犯罪cyber crime31. 光标cursor32. 条形码bar code33. 无绳电话cordless telephone34. 加密encryption35. 光纤技术fiber optic technology36. 信息产业IT-industry37. 家用电器electrical appliances 38. 调制解调器modem39. 桌面desktop40. 内存memory41. 显示器monitor42. 路由器router43. 网络摄影webcam44. 使计算机化computerize45. 优盘flash disc八、资源、环境、气候1. 京都议定书Kyoto Protocol2. 太阳电池solar cell3. 酸雨acid rain4. 太阳能solar energy5. 温室效应greenhouse effect6. 水资源Water Resources7. 核能nuclear energy8. 循环经济Recycling Economy9. 气压计barometer10. 臭氧层ozone layer11. 煤气coal gas12. 玷污contamination13. 可替代能源alternative energy 14. 生物多样性bio-diversity15. 动物栖息地habitat16. 除草剂herbicide17. 热岛效应heat island effect18. 不降解的non-degradable19. 绿党green party20. 燃料fuel21. 能源危机energy crisis22. 废气exhaust gas23. 垃圾掩埋地landfill24. 误用,滥用misuse25. 可再生资源renewable energysources26. 天然资源,自然资源natural resources 27. 濒危物种endangered species 28. 寿命life expectancy, life span 29. 可持续发展sustainable development30. 气候变化climate change31. 温室气体greenhouse gases32. 有毒的poisonous, toxic33. 侵蚀erosion34. 处理掉(废品等)dispose35. 污染物pollutant 36. 信风trade wind37. 热带的tropical38. 海啸tsunami39. 毛毛雨drizzle40. 雨夹雪sleet41. 冰雹hail42. 冻雨ice rain43. 气流air current44. 气流侵袭air intrusion45. 气团air mass46. 酸雾acid mist47. 大气化学air chemistry48. 航空气候学aeronautical climatology49. 余震aftershock50. 绿化,造林afforestation九、军事1. 高技术战争high-tech warfare2. 雷达radar3. 航空母舰aircraft carrier4. 雷管blasting cap5. 大规模杀伤性武器weapons of massdestruction6 . 机关枪machine gun7. 步枪,来复枪rifle 8. 冲锋枪tommy gun9. 机枪scatter-gun10. 大炮cannon11. 子弹bullet12. 卡宾枪carabin13. 轰炸bombard14. 自杀式攻击suicidal attack15. 人体炸弹flesh bomb16. 炮弹shell17. 散兵坑foxhole十、其他1. 基础研究basic research2. 研发research and development3. 瓶颈bottleneck4. 专利patent5. 纳米技术nanotechnology6. 应用研究Application Research7. 可行性研究feasibility study8. 知识经济knowledge economy 9. 对照试验control test10. 化妆品cosmetic11. 知识产权intellectualproperty rights、intellectualownership12. 过程分析procedure analysis 13. 土木工程civil engineering14. (技术)诀窍know-how 15. 基础设施infrastructure16.不利效应,不利影响adverse effect17. 杀虫剂pesticide18. 化肥fertilizer19. 食物添加剂food additive20. 农业气象学agrometeorology21. 农用化学品agrochemicals。
快速掌握学术论文中常用的科技词汇学术论文是科研工作者交流研究成果、展示科学观点和方法的重要方式之一。
在学术论文中,科技词汇的使用是必不可少的。
掌握并正确运用常用的科技词汇,不仅可以提高论文的专业性和可读性,还能够增强与其他学者交流的能力。
本文将介绍一些常见的科技词汇,以帮助读者快速掌握学术论文中常用的科技词汇。
一、实验方法与技术(Experimental Methods and Techniques)在学术研究中,实验方法和技术的选择对于研究结果的可靠性至关重要。
以下是一些常见的实验方法和技术:1. 定量分析方法(Quantitative Analysis Methods)定量分析方法是用于测量和计量物质数量的方法,例如质谱法(Mass Spectrometry)和光谱法(Spectroscopy)等。
2. 定性分析方法(Qualitative Analysis Methods)定性分析方法主要用于检测和鉴定物质的特性,例如X射线衍射(X-ray Diffraction)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy)等。
3. 电化学技术(Electrochemical Techniques)电化学技术是一种研究电化学过程的方法,包括电化学反应(Electrochemical Reactions)、电化学分析(Electrochemical Analysis)和电化学合成(Electrochemical Synthesis)等。
4. 分子生物学技术(Molecular Biology Techniques)分子生物学技术用于研究和操作生物分子,例如聚合酶链反应(Polymerase Chain Reaction)和蛋白质电泳(Protein Electrophoresis)等。
二、研究领域和学科名词(Research Fields and Disciplinary Terms)学术论文通常涉及特定的研究领域和学科,以下是一些常见的研究领域和学科名词:1. 生物技术(Biotechnology)生物技术是利用生物学原理和技术手段来解决生物学问题和开发生物制品的学科。
科技类常用词汇和短语名词和名词短语:Technological advancement \ development 科技进步; Technological innovations 科技创新High-tech facilities \ products 高科技设施\产品; Modern technology 现代科技; Communication technology 通讯科技如:mass media; mobile phones; the internetThe fast rhythm of life 快节奏的生活方式; Information age 信息时代;Home working \ telecommuting work 在家办公; Distance education 远程教育The widespread use of the internet 网络的广泛使用;Electric appliances 家电; automation 自动化; mass manufacture 大量生产动词短语:Give easy access to ….主语为事物 = Acquire…. 主语为人获得…知识, 信息等Adapt to + 名词适应… ; Get be used to +名词习惯…;Benefit from…从…中受益; Benefit…使…受益Be beneficial to + 名词对…有益; Enhance study efficiency 提高学习效率; Broaden one’s horizons开阔某人眼界; Enrich one’s knowledge experience 丰富某人的知识阅历; Remove the barrier for…为…消除障碍; Assist sb to do…协助某人做某事; Equip sb with sth 用…武装某人; Put sb into contact with sth 让某人接触某事Be confronted with…面对…; Put sb at an advantage in terms of…使某人在某方面处于优势Make use of …. 充分利用; Be available to… = be accessible to供….使用Keep up with 跟上…的步伐; Stay in close contact with…. 保持和….的密切接触Enhance efficiency work efficiency; study efficiency; productivity 提高效率; Accelerate.. 加速典型考题:1. Some people believe the range of technology available to individuals today is increasing the gap between poor people and rich people. Others think it is having an opposite effect. What is your opinion2. Some people think people have benefited from modern communication technology, other people think somepeople have not benefited at all, to what extend do you agree or disagree现代科技的一些正面影响:效率… assist people to enhance working efficiencyWith the help of fax, e-mail or other automated and communication devices, people are able to perform daily routines in a more efficient way, reducing manual work greatly方便The outside world has become more accessible to people and one can perform many tasksat home, such as shopping, banking and business transactions, thus helping them cut costsof bus fare and fuel娱乐People are able to spend much less time on daily routines and household chores,With the emergence of various IT products, people are leading a more colorful life with more flexibility and leisure time.情感…. expands people’s social circle. In the past, social relationships were limited by physical factors such as geographical distance. But nowadays, Because of technological advances, such as the railroad, the automobile, the telephone and the internet, one can travel further and get acquainted with more people.就业… triggers emergence and great progress of various fronts, thereby creating numerousjob opportunities知识…enables any person in present-day society to become enlightened and empowered. Modern technology gives infinite and flexible access to information and knowledge. By gathering information from a variety of sources, such as the Internet, mobile phones, E-libraries, online training courses, people can have a broader view of life and equip themselves with various skills and abilities现代科技的一些负面影响:压力Employees are actually working longer, primarily because fax, e-mail or other communication devices have made them accessible to their superiors, colleagues and customers after work, partly depriving workers of their leisure time娱乐a.People’s leisure time social activities has been shrinking as a result of various Internet-based activities. Specifically, web-surfing, on-line shopping has taken upa larger part of people’s after-work life情感…alters their social behaviors and habits. For example, for many people, spending partof the day on the internet is quite normal. Because most internet users are deeplyaddicted to Internet, they will become socially isolated. Most of them have poor social life and feelings of loneliness.健康a. people have become more and more accustomed to living in a world that appreciates convenience and inactivity. As a result, people are very likely to lose patience and physical vigorb.Too much time spent on the Internet leads to the result that people suffer serious loss of vision, back pain and obesity. It is likely that many people end up struggling with poor health。
专业词汇的构成1.词汇的分类专业英语文献中的专业词汇(或科技词汇)一般分为三类:技术词、半技术词和非技术词(或普通词)。
技术词(technical word)指科技术语,用以记录和表达科学技术专门领域的现象、过程、特性、关系、状态、数量等,意义单纯,只有一种专业含义,如bandwidth, flip-flop, microprocessor, rectification。
半技术词(semi-technical words)是指跨学科出现的频率很高的词,在不同的专业领域含有不同的精确含义,如power, carrier等。
非技术词是指在非专业英语中很少使用,却严格属于非专业英语性质的词汇,如application, implementation, to yield 等。
非技术词和普通词(尤其是其中的功能词,如限定词、介词、连词等)词频最高,半技术词出现得最多,词汇覆盖面最大,而技术词词频最低,出现率最小。
2.词汇的构成科技英语词汇中有很大一部分符合构词法。
科技英语构词法主要包括:派生、复合、转化、拼缀、缩略等,下面分别予以介绍。
(1) 派生(derivation)法是通过在原有词或词根的基础上加前缀或(和)后缀而构成新词。
前缀通常用以修饰或改变词意,后缀显示词性。
科技英语中以这一方法构成的新词最多,可以说俯拾皆是,如antiparticle (反粒子),antineutron (反中子),antibody (抗体);autocorrelation (自相关)等。
需要指出的是以V+er/or 构成的词,有许多是指某一仪器而不指人,如semicorrelator (自相关器),conductor (导体),holder (支架/托)等,这一点译者应留意。
表2.1-2.4分别列出电子与通信专业常用的前后缀及词根。
表2.1 常用前缀表2.2 表示数量关系的常用前缀表2.3 常用后缀表 2.4 常用词根(2) 复合(composition)法是由两个或两个以上的词按照一定的次序排列,以构成新词,其词性可以是形容词、名词、代词、动词、副词等。